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who had f. u. :lv a v-cccited will pro;! ten
prn i'l pox — Thomeis' I’rnrt ie. y 225.
T!i • matter of tlio milil f nil of the disease, or
the varioloid disease, that aflee'ed vaecinatcd
persons |»rod ex? tic* malignant "inali pox ill
unvi—dilated pers >ns —Fid M.il A Sura ./ rur
So. 57. p 521 'I PauT'rs, a French Thysi
ciao nrovod in 1817. lha' the pn t ales of ilie
varioloid disease, that affec ed vaccinated per
sons, do produce regular small pox in unvaccin
nted persons—S»mr, ,\‘o. 63, p. ti-i 1 • Mr Cross
oiid others, do not doubt, that the vaccinated,
who were attacked l>v the epidemic, had really
the small pox. though modified; lie proved this
l'V inoculating o'hers with matter taken from
those patients; regular smut! i»ox was produced.
Same, .Vo. till, p 123. The Reviewer of Mr.
Cross save, the evidence that small pox can lie
produced front the matter of pustules, taken
from vaccinated persons who were attacked by
the varioloid is so area' as to set this question at
rest forever.— Sum', ,\'o (!•">,//. IT?.
We have nothing to do at present with tho
true explanation of tho faets that pustular mat
ter, taken from vaccinated persons, labouring
Under a mild because modified small pox, will
prod ice tho genuine form of that disease It is
sufficient for our present object, that the fict is
so, and that tint evidence is decisive of the lia
bility of those who have been vaccinated to at
tacks of small pox. The other part of the first
proposition relates to the final issue of the at
tacks of small pox in those who have been vac
cinated—do such attacks prove fa'ill?
In replying to this query it will be proper to
notice the manner in which small pox affects
vaccinated persons, ol from any cases I hare
seen m self, but from the highest medical au
thority, who have had an opportunity of wit
nessing it, in all its various lorms.
The term varioloid, which some have applied
to this disease, sianijies rest tabling v/lriolous or
like small par, and in explaining I lie |ioiiits of
Controversy, it may ho well enough to employ
this term to denote small pox in vaccinated per
sons, but as a medical in an I regard this epithet
as a mero name, indicating not anew disease
but merely a modified form, or mild species of
small pox.
Tiie attacks of small pnx in vaccinated per
sons conic on. and for awhile progress, as they
do iq unvaccinated persons
They arc sornet mos attended with high fe
ver, and a thick crowded crop papula, such as
precedes the mos* stem and dangerous cases of
confluent s i.all pox This state of tilings con
tinues *j| 'ho fifb dav t on tho eruption at
which ft ic tiie im-tule* begin to bn converted
into small sized papula? The dis vder then
•ahrtip'h stopsshort 'in 'he following day the
fever is found to have subsided, with a shrivel
ling and dessicealiori of the eruption, and re
covery proceeds without tiie least linger or in
convenience. Tiie face is marked for some time j
after with brown spots, but without pits. Such
is the gene-al course.
What f •rms the t»l ron? lino of distinction fr«Mi |
thr small pox in tin* n ivaccimfeil is, that with
a tow exception**, if cl »os not priced matura
tion and secondary fever, which is the only pc
rind '»r\lan£fer.
i ,J ch is tho account given by sir Cxilbcr!
ill: no nnd I behove it t » he the most correct j
Another writer »b-e**ves, that in almost every
rnse whore small p >x has succeeded vaccination
it ha«* been mild and of short duration Vaccin
ation see ns to deprive s nail pox of »ts maligni
ty in s ieh enwe-* —Rep rt of London Collcg of
Pays'rians for |H» 7
I ’r \korly relates a case of small pox after
vaccination whn h terminated without suppura
tion .?r sc ib Wip V’rft Medical Repository
Vol. xiv p. 35
. in; trine live har»ncn°l of persons tn- j
miiiT'** .a!/ pnxnf er having been vaccinated bi t j
the pustules were ahva s imperfect, nnd the dis
ea-o died ay in a few dav?.—Thomas’ Prac
tice. r> Vb' |
ir, all pox after vaccination has been general
iv n mild diseas ; of many hundred thousand
■cases of persons vaccinated, ro» a single well
attested ca*e ha- lieen know" to us of fatal
sim I pox ftor -accination. —Report of English
l ore in e Establishment
Mr Hryco sa vs the disease was attended with
h tic or no eruptive • ver: the eruptions were
not numerous; few pimples suppurated and
thev quicklv .way While hundred* died
around from the natural small pox, none who
had .eon previously vaccinated, were seriously
ill or iu danger.— /and, Med £ Sur. Journal , Vo
f»b, p 4(>7. j
Tii»» varioloid disease or modified small pox.
dill not pursue the usual course of suntil pox; it
iv.t-’ not attended with econ>'nrv fever, anil tho
eruption seldom had tlio « '">]l of small pox.
•Same, .Ve: 50. p. 519.
or 1 - lc many cases of codified sin ill pox in
var eiiiutei] persons that oeenrreil in Montnclior.
Sue,lee Stvitzcrla-d and Geneva, not one is
s.'i.rJ tolnv * nrovod fni »!. Same JVo 63, p. 23J
■\ ! »r!<r !>ut *fp|| Sl nj , Jw j s orivon, in the Ro
virv; i >f* T!iojnn«f*n on vareoloid, who saw tho
m- hfi •.! small p« x in v»ccina»rd pnrsons, not
o' i whom reports a fatal case —Same 63, p.
23 r ’
Imo modified small pox prevailed at Lanark,
at the same ti me it existed in fi«?e
c?i n’-oved fatal, but not tp of them liad been
vaccinated
•bdv ix cases have been recorded dntinglhc
ie of the list three years, cf death from
what \va* eonside-cd to he small pox, att*T vac
cination. »V some of tlicso were donbttul. — same
61, p *246.
In Norwich there were 10,000 vaccinated per
sons, at the time the small *ox o’- vareoloid pre
vailed— 53») persons died of mall pox, only two
of whom were vaccinated persons — Same, \o
66, p. 127
Mr < ros-s says, no secondary fever attended
the modified small pox — Same. p. 1*22
Epidemic small p<’X prevailed in the ki irrdnm
of in 1814 15, 10,and 17 tha’ affec
ted the vaccinate 1 a* the epidemic did i » B<jot
land. From official leturns made to grnvom
ment. it appears, that while lens of*thousands of
vaccinated persons escaped, onlv two died of
small pox who were registered ns having been
properly vaccinated — Same p. I*.*3.
F ids similar to the above were observed in
Rotterdam in 1817-1"' — Same, p 1*23.
Os sixteen »as«*s of natural small pox, at f'u
pnr in Fite, six died; while out of 54 cases of
small p»x in vaccinated persons but mip died,
and that '• >isa doubltu' case — Lon. .I Jed. X Sur.
Tran. vol. x p. 32! 1.
i oh nn n .er of deaths from sm il] pox in a
driven nu ’her of v iccinatcrf persons, m not near
s gr'(i .!« in an njuul number of persons in
«>cnWted for the sm ill pox. —lUport of College
of Physicians. London. Hi 7.
1 lie 1 omniicr of these ca<es was vaccinated
■wln n m infant hut 5 years old, as derived from
his parents. In the winter of I*lß, he was ex
posed ti a veil grieHt number of small pox ca
sc* m the t hiladttiohi i \!m< h ouse. say 6»l or 7 J
nt leasi. I I years after ke hod bceti tnceimtttd, *V
#lid oof tike the disease. |f o was subsequent I v
itm date iby Ins friend Dr. llcoson, with sum I
jmz matter which had no ••.Tec* ; about 4 years
si icp he was exposed to two very violent eases
tr fJrc«msh »ro in this stale, oneoftbe<:' of the
■confl <*:it hind, hi winch the soh*s of the feet
in ri dctacln i and mi’ter insinuated between
t!i -m md to 25 cases rccen !y, and has escaped
thus f»r.
I' l all the authorities adduced, it \v mid
u \" **' ’hi? m all 'tog, in any shape or r*;i«*iy.
l,li “ o ovu* fe’at when it a?* i< ks th #se who
h i * ''l* i iiceef -filly v-i^ciuiiifd
* I* * n I (•• •posi'io i ri t i|i»m rn*xt to be ex
mui and (viz:) and »he i*v»d- ii ••* * n flic whole
Wi i a Us i* ' (tinned I’otifideiii ;i| yip n t'ion.
*r«veir i v • of the in. an* -of snail
po* f Sower iinhesil.i(if,/|y tfi.l if |j, t d n ,
t* l ’ ?*• * ■ non \ t it* ee#» il i| y ;ui J'l
k e it,a ion ► be c » np|*»« 1 ’rnim
!*b ** to j» on* flic utfv -*f it true ;uf
X will ud sh f to • . *>f« fpf th* purp./ij us
fir.il. showing how small the prop-miur. of »v
einated peisons is, who have been lttackcl by
small pox in anv form Secondly I -hall make
it appear that s nail pox docs n-t erlainlv ex
empt .any one from ail attack of that iliseas.w
And thirdly I will contrast vaceinition with irr
ocnlation for small p 'X, and with small pox in
the natural wav. First l shall show that the
proportion of vaccinated persons. who are at
lacked wi'h small pox in any firm is very
small; and for pr . sos this position, I cite the
following additional cases
One of tiie Foreign, (tit” Fr t;eh) vaccine es
tablishments renorts, that of 2.t'7l ,*»•> * persons
who had lieen proporly vaecinated, only seven
had afterwards the small pox And in \ntster
dam, out of a p 'pulation ofi2')o,olKl souls, such
lias been the g- nerality of the success of vac
cination, that diringtho first part of the yen
1818 not an individual ease of small pox itad
appeared. F.rlertic lie pe.rtorij , rol. and p. odd
100.000 persons were vaccinated in India by
M. Dub "is and others, not one of whom took
thesma'l pox afterwards .So me rol. ix p. 130
Os 4(>.(>ti2 who were vaccinated at the I,on
don Small p'X Hospital b it one had the small
p"X in any firm. — Jo nr of Foreran Medical
Science nail Literature, vol. i. p 122
Up to 1820, more tlian 00,000 porsons liave
lieen vaccinated by the English vaccine estab
lishment, only five of whom are reported to
have had small pox. —Same p 122.
During nineteen years, only two cases having
any resemblance to s nail pox. have occurred in
tiie vaccinated patients of tho London foundling
hospital — Some, p 122.
In the Royal Military A asylum, where chil
dren of soldiers are brought up, not a case of
even the mildest small pox lias occuried ailer
vaccination.— Same. 122.
Mr. Cross a distinguished surgeon and wri'er
on small pox kept, a register of till:? persons do
ring the prevalence of the epidemic at Norwich
of whom 91 had boon vaccinated, of tlte latter
three only were attacked, and they had the mild
form of small pox— Ed- Med ip Surg Jonr .Vo.
f,C>,p. 118
Mi. Cioss thinks that of vaccinated patient-’,
not more than one in twenty, are in any way af
flicted by the most intimate exposure to small
pox, and that less than one in fifty-liavc even the
modified disease —Some 121.
From these authorities it would appear that
vaccinated persons are not very frequently at
tacked by small pox in any form; but as wo
have shown that the disease in these persons
is almost uniformly mild, Avery rarely fatal,
vaccina'ion would lie entitled to our highest
confidence even Iho every individual were tia !
hie to “tieh attacks.
But l am to make it apparent that small pox !
docs not certainly exempt any one fi un an at j
I tack of that disease; and so numerous are the I
j facts "ii this point, that ii would see n al Host |
superfluous to attempt its proof, if then, were j
ot some even at tins da who declare that the
•Ui ries if small pox occurring twice in the same |
iudivi Inal, are mere fabrication. In orncr t >
put the matter beyond dispute wo shall adduce
a few authorities in point
We ha ve more instances on record of poisons
suffering severely, nay fatally, from a second i
attack of small pox, Ilian font small pox after j
perfect vaccination. —Ed M< and. <y- Sura, Jour,
o. sfi. p. -1(17
A man who believed himselfto have had small j
pox, lived 12 years as ntirso in an establishment
near Norwich, f r inoculated persons, continu
ally waiting on those who had tiie disease, and
at the end of that time, caught the smalt po.x
and died. Some .Vo. !><>, />, Il b
Sir Gilbert Klane records two cases of small
pox occurring twice in tho samo persona.— Lon.
! Med Surg. Tran vol xp. 328
Mr Frye asserts, -‘fi nil iny own experience,
1 can declare that whitovor has been said of the
insufficiency of cow par matter, as a security
against smallpox, may be equally said of small
pox matter as a similar security.’ ile then
"tates two ca=cs of true small pox, attacking the
sane persons twice.—.V. V. Med licp vol. lii p
342
Dr. Akerly roiates a case of small pox at
tacking the same nerson twice —Same vol. xiv
P 32
A multitude of examples has been published
of small pi x attacking tho samo porsons twice,
which facts are so common as no longer to ox
cite particular attention.— Dcwui’s Fracticc on
small pox p 71-74.
Mr Hennon records similar cases, and notes
at least fifty authorities to prove the same thing.
This tact was known in tho tenth century, when
of course t hose who had tho small p >x twice
must have had it both times in the natuial way,
as inoculation was not then practiced.— Ed. Med.
<y Sur. Jour. JVo. s(i, p. 459.
Rerserius relates the case of a man who was
three times attacked by sin ill pox —/its. Med.
The reports of the English National vac
cine establishment for 1818 and 19. mates that
in the lasi year, 27 cases of secondary small
pox, had boon reported to them — Ed. Me l. and
Sura Jour No 03, p 212
Thompson on varioloid, savs small po.x occurs
twice in tho same p rson. much oftener than is
imagined— nine Vo 50, p 523
TANARUS" quote further proofs of this important po
sition must be unnecessary, and the result of il
is, whatever may he sa’d of vaeci ation, that
smallpox is not an abmlule preventive of small
pox.
It remains to contrast vaccination, with iivic
ulalion for small pox, and with small pox in the
natural way. And here wo should again ob
serve, that if every vaccinatod person were to
experience an attack of small p x in the mild Jfc
comparatively harmless fotm in which as it has
been shown, it does affect such persons, I
di m and he prepared to maintain tho assertion al
ready male, that vaccination is the only known
meventivo of the mortality of small pax, hut the
more closely we contrast this noble agent with
inoculation for small pox, tiie deeper will he om
conviction of its last superiority Does in
oculation expose its subjects to a disagreeable
and often destructive disease? VaccinTiti >n on
the contrary is mild and bm "less in its progress
in ih animal tpcono nv. Does inoculation ex
nose all, within the sphere ol th • small pox con
tagion to attacks of that disease by the natural
oroeess? Vaccination injnrcs neither the indi
viduals vaccinated, nor any others with whom
they have intercourse But as authority is bet
ter Ilian simple asscition, we shail again resort
to it, tor the illustration of our position.
In Shottersham. (England,) no case oi s nail
p.x has occurred for sixteen years, during
which time, vaccination has been almost uni
versally practiced. In Denmark, legal authori
ty enforces vaccination, and small pox has not
occurred there tor eight years The Circle of
Bezat, in 1? i varia, c nrtains h tlf n million of
people; Dr Krans affirms that small pnx has
never occurred tlimo since 18117; vaecina'ion
has t o n mi firmly practised -Jour for Med
Sci.. A f.it. vol 1 p 121
Vaeeination fell into disuse in London, in
1817, to such a degree, in consequence of smalt
pox attacking vaccinated persons, that 1057 di
ed in that city of small pox; good sense, howev
er prevailed over gnorance, and in 1818 vac
cination becoming more general, the dealli. from
small pox were only 421 Lon. Mid. A Sura
Tran, vol x p. 332.
so prove the unlit', of vaccination m Nor
wich Mr Grow’ reviowor supposes the case of
•he ten ih-.iiMiid vaccinated persons in that city
to have been, that ol so many persons iuociila
ted for small pox agreeably to the n nil nlcu
l.l'ioii, one ir. three hundred would have died, a
that there, would hove been thirty-three deaths,
whereas in th ■ actual cs <e llieie «e e but t vo
Fd Med <y Suig Jour V. lilt, p 127
In Copenhagen alone, live lit .luand five Inin
dr-'l I I sons died of suiail p x. bet woon II s
-i- m a!lcr tins vaccination was introduced,
4"d Iroui |»O2 i HH, only IV, hod fiha'dis
cl" iu ',#« o hole /hi u mli I turn, limns . Two
•hud* et tee j rrotij who apply j a relief it itur
. idigcnt blind h sp tui in l onion !«.»} l.ieir sight
bv small pox— L n 1 1ni A. Sur. Tran. vol. s p
! 32<;
From I-'4 to 1818, it iscomp'iled tnat 23.134
lives have been saved in London by vaccination
compared with the elF'c's of inoculation in the
precedin'* 15 years with small p x—Sant
p. 322.
Small pox has destroyed o>i" hundred persons
j for every one lhat has perished by the plague.
Su me p 32t>
{ Formerly 2.!hi() persons died annually in
London af small pox In '-12 such eas the
; effect of vaeeination that the deaths were ortiv
j 75*1, although the population had increased with
iin t vii \eais I >3.12 ' —.V. V. Mid. Rep. vol 1 p
2'iib
Om? person in every 300 cases dies of small
pox by inoeu'ition, while less 'hail one future
iu a thousand happens to vaccination— Ed. Med
\ Sara Jour. No. s(> p. 4< 5.
In Bavaria, almost every child is vaccinated,
! in 1800 no less than sixteen hundred and nine
. persons died of small pox. From 1-00 to 181- 1
I vaccination being general not one died of small
j pox Same .Vo. till, p. 131.
Iu Prussia 40.002 died annual!v of small pox.
jhe tore the in'roduction of vaccination In 1817
] tlie deaths from small pox were under 3,000, nl
i though considerable accessions of territory hail
j iiaen made. \ accination is enforced by law
Same p 133.
Inoculation with small po.x keeps up a con-
I slant source of contagion, amt increases the
j number of deaths from the natural disease
'Report lon. Col. of Rhys 1987
W hen inoculation with small p x was in fuli
j operation in London, th" deaths from small po.x
i were 94 in 100 I —Lou Med A Sur Tran, vol x
| P- 318
Mr flenm n a distinguished writer on vaccin
! ation says, the w hole series of cases 1 have giv
: '-ii present, the mpst triumphant evidence in fa
vimr of vaccination and places in a most con
spicuous point of vie ■?’, (ha infinite advantages
troin the process nthm judiciously co darted
Ed. M il. and Snr. Jour. No. fill, p. 4->(>.
The preventive operation of good vaccine vi
rus is on the most modcra'e estimate as certain
and efficacious against the small po.x. as the
s nail po.x is against itself, iu either tiie inocu
lated nr natural firm. —tieport of the French
Vol. Institute for 18 2.
If "accination does not prove an infallible
preventive of small pox in all e isos, neither and rs
t.e previous xistenco of small pox itself act as
ail ill fa hole preventive o jts recurrence.
Ed. Med. A Sa/ a. Jour. So. ;sii, p. 4'9.
From tho whole view of tiie subject, we e.an
but come to tiie cm Ins. n, ihxt although vae
cination does not absolutely and uniformly pre
vent the attacks of small p>x. yet such ir the
harmless character of the disease, when it does
affect vaccinated persons, such the mild and in
nncent nature of vaccination it-o's, such the dis
agrooabt • cliaracter of small pox uu er tho most
favourable cii cum stance of inoculation, ami
such the horrid effects of that diseas •, even in
some inoculated persons, and in very many wito
take the disease in tho natural way that vc can
not but decide in favor of vaccination as the only
aacnt yd discovered, tiiat can prcvbnt its dire
ful ravages
Is it not better that vaccination should pre
vail, even though every vaccinated individual
should experience an attacn of smalt pox, so
modified as scarcely ever to prove filial, than
that one in every three hundred of tho human
race, should he made the certain victim ot v.trc
olous or small pox inoculation. I have no hesita
tion in declaring, that vaccination, as a preven
tive of deaih from small pox, is as fully entnled
to confidence now as it ever itas been at qny po
riod sirtco it was proclaimed to the world by the
11 ustrious Jeuner,
MEliliJUt?,
Lott THF. I'BMoCH.vr
-W/'* it (lit nr: The heterodox opinions
of many ot the political demagogues of
the present day, unquestionably have their
origin iu South Carolina; and notwith
standing these opinions have been con
sidered too absurd (by sound politicians)
to merit notice, yet so determined are its
leaders to persevere in disseminating this
doctrine and sowing the seeds of sedi
tion, that 1 feel dispot-d to enquire at
least, ns to the propriety of suffering them
to pass any longer unnoticed liy your pa
per. The young men of tins country,
who arc educated at Columbia South Car
olina, at wiiose head stands the notorious
Cooper, are daily leaving that Institution
and settling in different parts of our coun
try. They are ail taught to utter one
cry in spreading the doctrine of nullifica
tion, and tliey being generally professional
characters, we find m almost evert' village
either a physic «» or a Jaweyr Who is
endeavoring to prepare the minis of the
people, and particularly of the young men
ol the land for tins treasonable doctrine.
There are many men of desperate for
tunes and reckless as to character, u ho,
having nothing to lose, readily embrace
this new creed, with the belief that there
may be some chance to share the spoil,
provided the people should become so
much infatuated, as to reduce to practice
a doctrine, the very theory of which would'
make a patriotic bosom swell with indig
nation and disgust. Tor to use the lan
guage of the chieftain who now fills the
presidential chair, “every enlightened cit
izen must know, that a separation, could
it be effected, would begin with civil dis
cord, and end in colonial dependence on
a foreign power, and obliteration from the
list of nations; but he should also see,
that high arid sacred duties, which must
and will at all hazards be performed, pre
sent an insurmountable barrier to the suc
cess ot any plan of disorganization, bv
whatever patriotic name it mav be decor
ated, or whatever high feelings may he
arrayed for its support.” And to these
sentiments every honest heart, who feels
a single spark of patriotism or love of lib
erty will respond. There are two classes
of men in this country, who hold to doc
trines that would sap the very foundation
ol our republic, and destroy our free -in
stitutions, for which our fathers fought &
hied, and from which \vc derive our pres
ent prosperity and happiness, unexam
pled m the history of nations. Tile one
holds that any state lias a right at pleas
ure, to resist tiie laws of our general go\-
eriinieiit and still remain a ineiiilier of the
union, while the other contends that tiny
state in the union has an indisputable
right to withdraw, when the laws of the
general government mav be thought to
operate against her interests. And now,!
I will enquire, admitting a state has the
right so to do, where w ould she go? Such
reasoning is the essence of lollv! Once
destroy the compact and not oiilydisiinioti |
but discord, strife, and civil di-seiitioiis
will salute our car* jroui one end of die
Tnitcd States to the nth, r. Vi, shall
then have changed from the happit st to
the mo.-t miserable of all civilized nations.
( iwlized did Isay?—Vic should no long
er be entitled to that appellation; for with
the ligiit now before us, there could he no
possible excuse for such rashness. We
should lie more degraded, and merit less
pity, than the subjects of the greatest des
pot on earth. Hut the time is not far dis
tant when an insulted people wiii .arise to
action, and whenever a man isio he found
who holds these doctrines, whatever sta
tion he may till even to the highest office
tn the gift of the people, he would he hurl
ed from power, ami allowed to particip
ate in that disgrace which he would so
justly deserve.
The time has arrived when it is proper
to call our candidates for office to disclose
their views on this subject. Our fall e
lectioas are approaching, and several can
didates are already before the public to re
present this county in the next Legisla
ture. Let their sentiments he known, and
then the question will he fairly before their
constituents. Hut while their opinions
are suppressed in this important matter,
the people will be kept in the dark. Let
their views lie known and the question
w ill very easily he settled; for no man,
however popular he may he, can receive
a majority of the votes of the county of
Museagoe, if he publicly declares himself
in favor of the doctrine of nullification.
May he who would intnilirch/ do a sin
sle act towards promoting a dissolution o'
these States, “ reap just damnation to him
self” A REPUBLICAN.
FOR THE DEMOCRAT.
TiF.I.KJION I.\ AI)V Eli SIT Y.
Rehgion is necessary to our comfort
in the dark hour of adversity. Wo are
in a world of continued change. Many
are now low in misfortune, wlto were
once at the bight of prosperity. This
may he our condition. And when we
are deprived of cur competence or aillu
ence; when we are slighted or deserted
by our friends of our better fortunes;
when the trials of poverty spreads a gloom
over our spirits, and the stern hand of
justice compels us to relinquish the com
forts of domestic life ; if in this dark and
trying hour, we have not the consolation
of religion, but are reproached by our past’
lives; it we have been idle or dissipated,
prodigal or covetous, proud or tyra ideal,
cruel or unjust, if we have insulted the
virtuous citizen, or defrauded the indus
trious laborer, or abused the honest de
pendant, or driven from our presence the
deserving object of charity; if we have
slighted the teachings of Jesus, and neg
lected the service and worship of (lost ;
if this he our character, miserable indeed
must he our condition.
We shall be destitute of that self ap
proving conscience, the loss of which all
earthly things cannot supply; and with
the loss of this, we lose all the supports of
Religion. For if our hearts condemn
us, God is greater than our hearts, and
knoweth all tilings. But on the otln r
hand, when the storms of adversity pass
heavily upon us, whether w;e have fallen
from affluence or competence, or have
always lived in honest poverty, if we
have been temperate and frugal and In
dus trams in our habits ; if we have been
I honest and upright ami open in our deal
ings ; if we have bestowed our charitable
offerings on the poor and unfortunate ; if
we have been meek and affable, ami un
assuming iu our deportment; if we have
cultivated the graces and virtues of the
Christian character ; if w e have devoted
our powers am! talents to the service of
God ; if we have the approving testimo
ny of our ow n mind in these things, we
should not be miserable. And fit what
will come, let poverty beset ns in its most
appalling forms ; let every earthly friend
forsake us; we shall not be utterly for
saken of happiness, we shall have that
conscious integrity, that moral purity,
religious elevation of soul which will con
fer more exalted felicity than the world
with till its blandishments can ever give,
or with all its frowns can ever take. And
we shall have one friend who will never
•'desert us, one friend who will always lis
ten to our supplication: ; one almighty
friend and Father who will cherish us in
his bosom long after this world and all its
changing scenes shall have passed into
oblivion. If then, we would have com
fort in adversity, we must lay its founda
tion in religion. We must ever let the
heavenly n tractions of Jesus dwell on
our minds, and he the governing princi
ples of all our actions, until we become
Christians in faith and temper and prac
tice ; and then we shall be prepared to
triumph, yea, to rejoice in adversity.
I . ADVOCATE.
From the Boston Livening Transcript,
July 1).
Gastronomy. —The last number of the
North American Review contains a high
ly amusing article on the “Origin and
Progress of the Useful Arts.” The wri
ter commences with the “Art of niiiking
Dread,” as one of the earliest, connected
with the preparation of food—itself the
most imperative of our wants. He de
scribes, briefly, the tarions modes of
pounding, grinding, or levigating corn.—
Dread reminds the writer of butter, which
he mentions as first used only as an oint
ment and medicine, and not as food.—
He next passes to flesh,^which does not I
seem to lime been so essential jm nrtich ;
of food in tiie earliest times, as at pres
ent. It Wi'S not often served up, unless .•«
strung, r was present. In the East locusts
are eaten. A traveller, of the last ctn-
Ittrv, expressing his astonishment that
tin v could t it liiiiil so il'sgii-tinir, tin Arab ■
replied, “ i hut it savored of ntli e'ufion,
in .a i»« r-ou who could swallow an uyi'ir, I
to be startled by any thing in «f.. r,. .
eating.” The passion oi the Athenians .or
fish was carried to an extreme; and two
joimg Athenians were kmghted ui»- ac
count of the excel?- at salt 2rsh sold by*
their father, lie probably left them sm
ficient to support the dignity. —Fish
was used by tiie Greeks, as foot! in their
army and navy, ami epicures boded them
, in salt water.
Some of tiie Roman luxuries arc not in
much repute at present, such for instance
1 as stewed piques and w lute worm soups.
The snail, also, is It ss used than former!v.
although it holds its giouml in Germany.
The supper of Pliny consisted of a. barley
caltc, lettuce, two eggs, three snails, with
ja due proportion ol wine. The writer
' mentions some cruel methods prevalent
i amongst the Romans, of fattening and
killing ananals for the the table, auil as
an ofset quotes the follow ing household
receipt, published in ltsGi):
“Take a goose or duck, or some such
lively creature, pull off all her feathers on
ly her Lead and i.eek must he spared ;
mtikc a fire round about her tn that the
smoke may not choke nor the tire bum
Ik r too soon ; when she rous e h and eon
sumeth inwardly, wet her head w th a wet
spunge, and when y ou sec litr giddy w ith
running and begin to stumble, she is
rosated enough. Then take ler up, set
her before guests, and she will cry as you
cut any part oil'from her, and will he al
most eaten up Ixforc she he dead: it i=
mighty pleasant to behold.” An agree
able entertainment truly, in every sense
of the word.
In the time of William the Conqueror,
the peacock was an important dish, both
for ornament and good cheer. The fea
thers were removed tili the bird was cook
ed, when they were carefully restored—
the beak and comb were gilded-—the tail
spread, and in this state it was brought to
be admin and and eaten at the table.
The r. v ewer questions theopi. i >n that
this art of Life eating, was so liighiv im
proved tit an early date, in England, as
l'.as been supposed. According to him,
the roast beef of Old England existed on
ly in poetical visions.
Quantity and not quality seems to have
been most regarded. It appears from a
book, in possession of the Percy family,
containing the household system of an
Earl of Northumberland, in the reign of
Henry \ 11, that from mid-summer to
Michaelmas (Sept. 2R) they had fresh
meat; so called, but lived on salted provi
sions the rest of the vear. As they had very
few vegetables, and as potatoes were not
known until a century after, this fare must
have been sufficiently hard, although we
venture a guess that it was devoured with
good relisn by the one hundred and sixty
pet sons i oniposing the Earl’s houshohl,
not to mention, occasional guests, for fifty
of whom in additionJihcre was daily pre
paration. The same hook says—“My
lord bason his table for breakfast, at
veu in tlis morning, a quart of beer and
wine, two pieces of salt fish, six red her
rings, four white ones, and on flesh days,
half a chine of beef or mutton boiled.’”
No mention is here made of bread or ve
getables. England was not then an ag
ricultural country, and these deticiencii s
were probably not felt, or little heeded.
The writer of the article before us,
having discussed the material, next touch
es upon the manner of eating. We-sub
join a few extricated pnrgrnphs in conclu
sion. In allusion to the banquets of the
Greeks and Romans, he obeserves :
Before the meal began, water and tow
els were handed to each for the purpose of
washing their hand , which there is rea
son to believe was not a needless form.
The guests brought each a napkin borne,
to use during dinner, and if any thing
particular stuck their fancy, they used,
by permission of the host, to wrap it in
their napkin and send it home.
Carving was .an art regularly taught in
schools established for the purpose; in
stituting which might be revived with ad
vantage. The carvers delighted to show
their skill, and at large entertainments,
they carved to the sound of music, keep
ing time.
The old English arrangements of the
table were peculiar, and in some respects
patriarchal. The whole family bond and
tree, sat at one table, tlie distinction of
rank being marked by the eleavtiou of
different parts of the table, or hv the salt,
which was generally large, and of curious
workmanship, placed upon the board to
mark the boundary line. * *
The hours, of the principal meals have
varied in different ages, according to taste
and climate. Those of the Greeks and
Romans were rather, earlier than those of
the Hebrews. The former supped at
three after noon in winter, and four in
summer; the general rule was to defer it
till the great'heat of the day was past.—
The variation of the hours "illustrates the
caprice ot fusion; formerly the more
fashionable used to show their superiority
by taking their meals earlier than -others.
I hey bathed an hour before supper, and
took exercise before bathing, the boys
whipping tops, young men driving hoops
and halls, and old men walking or riding.
Similiar notions of fashion prevailed in
England. ‘With us,’ says and old black
letti r historian, ‘the nobility and gentry
go ordinarily to dinner at < I even, he fore
noon, and sup at five; merchants do
dine at noon, and sup at six ; husband
men dine at high noon, and sop sjx or
seven; so that, according to our ideas,
the husbandmen were the most fashiona
ble of all.
\ Creneli writer puts us down for the
cleanliest people on the face of the earth:
“tor(says he) their terv capital is called
II nshiuL’-tiorf, *