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About The Democrat. (Columbus, Ga.) 1830-18?? | View Entire Issue (Nov. 19, 1831)
COSAM £)UU BARTLETT-EDITOR. CTfjc Democrat TS PUBI.IS!TPO F.VF.nV WEKK I* COLU M BUS, G E O II G I A , at Three Dollars per annum, if paid in ad vance', or Four Dollars, at the end of the year. It is expected that all application far subscription from a distance, will be accom- ' panied with the money. Advert iseimjnts will bo inserted at reasonable rates, bales of land and nc-jrr<se,r, by adminis trators, executors or guardians, are requited by law to be held on the first tuesdiv in the month between tho hours of 10 o’clock in the forenoon 4- 3 in tbs afternoon, at the court house of the county in which the property is situated. Notice n,'these sales must bo given in a public Gazette s: vty day's previous to the day of sale. Notice of the sale of personal property most to givei in a like manner forty days previous to' he day of sale. Notice todebtors A creditors of an estate must be published fortv days Notico that all application will be made to the court of ordinary for leave to sell land must he published four months. O't.ettors on business must be Post paid to insure attention ITUVVe ate authorised to announce.G. V* . D11.1.1 ARD as a candidate for Clerk of the Sup ft>r Court of Muscogee county, at the next Jan ary election. Feb. I’d. tde. IFWo are authorised to announce JOHN M FATRICK as a candidate for Tax Collector of Mu rcogee county, at lb* enduing January elec tion. Feb. 11). tde. We are authorised to announce Hez chi.'th Clay, as ti candidate for Sheriff of Musoosree County, at the next January -election. We are authorised to announce Ep- Xvtx E. Bissem,, as a candidate for Clerk of the Inferior Court of Muscogee cotin ty, at the ensuing election. Oct. 22,1821. W e are authorised to announce Jso. T. B. I \vrtvna as a candidate for Clerk ofthe Inferior Court of Muscogee Co at the ensuing election. Ort. 22, 1831. Powers 4* JVafew , HAVE jnst received at their store, first door below the Columbus B nk, a faneltul and ♦ell selected stock of DRY GOODS, HARDWARE, 8f CUTI. DRY. {if which tho following articles compose a part. They respectfully invite (heir frieds and the public to call and examiu them, Rose and Duffel Blankets. Kesrcy, a good article for negro clothing-, Kaltioolis, variouseolenrs and ijuali'ies, A fine assortment of cloths. JJ'hitc and Red flannels, Salisbury do. Green Baize, Rik. Boriibazets, French Bombazines, Marino Circassians, Russia, Table, and Birds Eye Diapers, Domoslie V’laids and stripes > Tabby Velvet, silk do Black and while Prints, Fancy A Bitie do. Dark Plaid A stripe Ginghams, French Poplin, Swiss Fuerillas, Printed linen cambric.hhkfa. Pencil bordered do do. Thread Laces and Edgings, Swiss Inserting, crazy Janes, Piussian shawls, Thibet Shawls, Marabout do. Leonidas do. Embroider’d do. Craps do Green Bairaize, Corded Muslin Petticoats, A fine assortment oi Hosiery, f’anev colored silks, 111 k. Italian do. Plain and Satin Levantinodo. Black rfarsnets, Green do. Black Italian cravat*. Velvet and silk Stocks, Bonnet and coloured TnlF-ta Ribbons, Superior Taffeta Uidbrellas, Cotton do Quilling, Velvet Reticules Beaded do. Bead Purses. READY MADE CLOTHING. Can. tot and plaid Cloaks, Petersham over coats, Green, Blue and Olive Frocks, Blue, black and Green dress coats, Snttinet cuattees aril Pant’s. Superfine cloth pant’s. Black Velvet Vosts, black silk A cloth do. superior wh’t A. buff Valenlia do wh’t eas. do. IJ'hitc flannel wrappers, Canton flan drawers. An extensive, Assortment of BOOTS AND SHOES. A Large lot of superior MOUSE CARPEN TER'S TOOLS. Cohrmhus, Oct H, 1831. MERCERS CLUSTER, AND METHODIST HYMNS. Principally from tho collection of the ftotr. JOHN WESLEY, M A.' —ALSO— A selection of approved School 3JOOUS. Young’s Assistant, Easy Lessons, Popu'ar do National Reader, Latin Render, Scientific Class Book, Toney's Botany, Woodbrtdpc Geography and All©!, . Pickett’s class Books, Webster and Wa-lksr's Dictionary, English Reader, Webster's Strolling Books, Bible, and Testament*, Bl ink Books ami Kta'iounrv, A few pieces fanhionoble Music. I '- r sale by geo. w. Dillingham. May;? I. I<H. NOTICE* All persons lia\insr elauiis a giiin«t It ilham Tnlbot dec. are requested Ist render them in auri cable to law, to ", GK/ F.v r.ii nop, t-.t'r Get I -1 .. I im.LI.IM AOAI.LV, If f THE BfIMOOHAT. \OI KSK & (li iIS Ik* { HAT Man ufacturcrs, COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. W‘ )ULD respectfully inform the pub- j lie that they have on band, and will keep const mt!lv for sale, at whole-sale and retail a goner al and extensive assortment of t[.!TS. cornpri -dug all the various fashions and qualifies. and ■m as favorable tonus as can be purchased at a tty market in the United States. Strict attention will be given to all orders from theenuutry. Orders for Hate left with Edward J Harden. esq. at Appalachicola, will be promptly attend ed to. WAXTF.D TO PURCHASE. Hatting firs of all kinds, for which cash and a liberal price will be given, dobvored either at t.’.dumhos or at Appalachicola. Cotvmhus. .duo. 27, 1831. &<&'<& BY the Ship Oglethor|>e intended to sail from Liverpool on tiie loth August last, the subscribers will receive on Iter arrival daily ex pected, their usual supply of fall and winter Dll Y G00D5..... CUTLER Y, AND CROCKERY WARE. which will be for sale, by the package or piece, ot r easonable prices and customary terms. r.Olt’, T.IYLUH A Cos Siir/mnah Q.Citk, Sept. ! -31 N B Savannah and its suburbs are quite exempt from sickuess, and no apprehensions of any Insurance* fgIHE Augusta Insurance anrl Batik* ing Company will insure Produce and Mer chandise against the dangers of River Naviea lin on good steam boats and other river craft, and upon good vessels from Apalachicola to New Oilcans or tho atlantiu cities. They wiM also take fire risks upon Buildings. Merchandise and Produce 0 iF.O. IF. Mt.t.I.XGHAM, Aifent. Tailoring. .TOSI\ FIEf.D, respectfully inform the pub lic that ho has commenced'he above business in I all its branches—he has taken the stand lately I occupied by Henry Johnson, and will ende tv r ■ to give satisfaction to these who n.ay favor (lint ] with their custom Bv strict attention to his business, he hopes to receive a liberal sha-e ni patronage. IT’N. R. All orders from the country will be promptly attended to. Columbus, Oct 22. 2—ts • YVtc Perry. About one mile bolow ('olmnbuN.ot the near est*tindbest r< nd to Fort Mitchell and Mont gomery Alabama. The subscriber have cstab lished their new Feriy across the Chattuhoochy. KATES OF FERRIAGE. Waggon loaded oil cent*. Waggon empty -5 Pleasure carriage four, wheels ft l * Gig or Sulkey 2> Cart loaded 2b Cart empty _ 12 1 2 Mau and Horse ti 1-4 Foot passenger who l ', alone ■ ti 1-4 Led horse or foot pusseugor in company no thing. The road leads directly from the lower end of Broad Street, down to the river. SEABORN JONES, STEPHEN M. INGERSOI.L | June 10. 3t* HELIGIOUN WORKS. COLUMBUS BOOK STOKE. Two doors from the Columbus Hank Family Bibles with plates, School 'do Pocket do common *fc suparior, Watts’and Rippons’ Hymns, Watts Hytnns, Mercer s Cluster, superior and common, Methodist Hytnns, Camp-ineoting do Psalms and Hymns, Dabell's Hymns, Pious Songs. Associate Methodist Ilymn Book, Zhm’s Songster, Brown’s Concordance. Irvin’s Orations far Missionaries Simpson's Pleas. Cases of Conscience, Life of Rev. T S'yott Watson s Life of Wesley Taylnr#-Holy Living, Biblical Reader, Wilson on the Sacrament, Jerk’s Devotion, BunyanVHoly VYar, Seeker’s Lectures, Char nock's Providence, Church Member’s Guido, by J A. James, Us-ny-L To Do Good, Reformer) Pastor. Anatomy of Drunkenness, Confession of Faith, Pilgrim's Ptogrcss, Young Convert, Kirke White, Night Thoughts, Beauties of Ifenry K Whit Zimmerman "it bob(.ude Allien's Admonition to binneis, Methodist Chnrch Discipline, Paradise Lost, Ridglov's Bodv of Divinity in 4 vols. Dwight's Theology -1 vols. Jones’ Church History, Bradley s b'ermons, .Scott’s Theologiciil Works, fi vole UhriHlinu Marty >*, Blair- r sr *u >ns. Winker's Sermon’s in 2 vols But (or wo. lb'* Concordance, Irving's Ural loirs. Coomiou ft avers, E. H. NORTON. i y ( Id* Proa /- irttret ( OLniIMX, (GA.)S VITRIUV, AOVEHBUIS 19, 1N:12, (PIVEUXBR'S MISNM A « E 5 _ [coNcirnED.] fn tlte month of Mnv last, the whole of the interior buildings of the Penitentiary where consumed by fire, together with a i large quantity of its manufactured articles and raw materials. The guard bv the as- I si ranee of the citizens of this place and the officers ofthe Institution, were ena bled to prevent the escape of any of the Convicts. They were immediately em ployed bv the direction of the Inspector in preparing temporary prisons and work shops, in removeing tlie walls and rubbish of the destroyed buildings, and in aiding in the erection of cells for solitary confine ment. In consequence of this applica tion of the labor of the convicts and the loss of Ihe materials which had been pre pared for manufacture and which could not be readily supplied, the amount of sales! during the past year have been very small and wholly insufficient to support the institution. Seventy-five cells for solitary confinement have been nearly completed. They are constructed ofthe most durable materials, ujid in such man ner as effectually to prevent the communi cation of the prisoners with each other, their escape, ai.J all future risk from fire. From indications of public opinion in various parts of the State, since the des truction ol'the buildings ofthe Peniten tiary. there is no doubt but that an effort will he made during your, present session, to abandon the system of Penitentiary punishment altogether. The well being of our community is deeply concerned in the course w hich you may pursue. The Penitentiary has as yet been encounterin'’' the difficulties which are necessarily at tendant Upon all great and novel under takings. Its otficers have been mexperi ieneed; the buddings unfit for the purpo ses for which they Were designed, and its entire police exceedingly defective. In stead of bring fostered as a favorite insti tution by that Btate, it has met with con stant opjx»sition. It ought not therefore to Ik* matter of surprise, that it has not produced the entire good effects that were anticipated from it. The question for your determination should not Ire, whether you will abandon the Penitentiary, on account of its present defects, hut wlreth er it cannot be so improved its to prevent the eouiiiisson of crimes with mo A; cer tainty than public whipping,pillory, braud i ig, imprisonment in the Commofi jail and hanging. It is objected to the Penitentarv that it has been a continued expense to the Btate. Admitting this to be true, ought the.expenditure of a few thousand dollars annually to be a matter of any considera tion to the Legislature, in adopting the best means of preserving tire reputations, lives, property and personal liberty of eve ry member of the community, from tire lawless attacks of the vicious and the vio lent? From the result of the alterations which were made in the government of the Penitentiary three years ago and what has been effected in similar institu tions in other states, it is confufently believ ed that this objection may be removed al- together. It lias been urged against the Peni tentiary that it has not succeeded in rc forming convicts. It may well be doubl ed whether human institutions can effect much in transforming vicious into virtuous men. But whatever might lie effected iu reforming convicts; we have had no rea son to expect any such consequence from our Penitentiary, because until the appro priation for building cells for solitary con finement, its manner of punishment was only calculated to corrupt and degrade them. All classes have been put together in the same rooms at night, and no efficient restraints placed upon their intercourse during the day3. The great advantage of the Penitentiary System consists in its withdrawing from the community for a length of time its most vicious members, and so operating upon the imagination and fears of had men, hv its peculiar form of punishment, as to prevent the actual commission of crimes. The habit of idleness and improper associations pro duce most of the offences against society. It is therefore, that constant compulsory labor and entire seclusion from all inter course with others, is the most dreadful as well as the most effectual punishment. When it is considered that no State has ever abandoned this mode of punishment, that it has been greatly improved of late years in many of the Institutions of other States; that in some of them large profits have been realized from labor of the convicts, and that in others scarcely any instances occur of second commit ments; is it not reasonable to ascribe the failure of the Penitentiary in this State, rather to the defective manner in which it has been managed, that to, the imper fection of the system itself? Is it not due to our chatacter for firmness and consis tency of purpose, to make a full and fair experiment before it is abandoned^Ought we to throw away all the valuable expe rience w hich we have acquired, and ihc large amount of capital which has been expended, without a thorough conviction that it cannot he rendered useful? Rif tertaining these opinions, I feel it inv du ty most earnestly and respectfully to re ouiine.'id that the Peuiteutisrjr rebuilt aecording to the most approver! model* that the number of cells for solitary con finement, which have been directed to be bpilt, be Completed; umi that the nee s sary laws for rendering it.-, police effective he passed. In addition to tire appropria tion which will be required for this pur pose, a further sum will he wanting fur the purchase of materials for manufacture au'd the immediate support ofthe Institu tion. The bill which was passed at your last session to regulate the internal police of the Penitentiary, was nonsidereil uncon stitutional, and therefore not signed. Tile reasons for withholding my signature, to gether with copies of the hill, accompany this message. The members of the Guard of the Penitentiary, are at present under no con trol; because the law which directs the manner of their punishment cannot he enforced. 1 would therefore recommend that you define specifically what acts of the members of the Guard, as such, shall he made criminal.; affix to them tlu-ir pro per punishment, and subject them to the jurisdiction of the Superior Court. The resolutions which passed tit your last Session authorizing me to appoint a Board to be composed of three otficers, whose duty it should be to review the Mi litia Laws, and recommend such altera tions as they might consider necessary to establish a correct system, by some inad vertence failed to receive tlie signatures ofthe officers of the House of Representa tives, and could not therefore be carried into effect. The returns of the Brigade Inspectors, and reports from other officers, slyw, that the militia is iuu state of disorganization throughout the State. The prevalence of the opinion that no effective discipline can be acquired in time of peaee, Irani militia trainings, lias created among the People such ;m indisposition to submit fn the requisitions of the present laws, as to render it very doubtful whether any addi tional enactments could he enforced. 1 would therefore suggest for your conside | ration, whether, instead of devising new ’ plans for improving and enforcing disci pline, good policy * oes not require the repeal ofthe provisions which experience has shown cannot be executed Beneficial ly, particularly their present harassing and useless penalties, ami *hat the whole system he rendered us simple and as easi ly executed as possible. An enrollment of all persons able to hear arms with an animat review in e.Teh county, would, it is believed, answer all the purposes of a mi litia system in the time of peaee, and especially if additional encouragement should he given to the formation of volun teer corps. It is not intended hv this re commendation to impugn the truth ofthe maxim, that the militia of this country form its surest defence. The truth of that j maxim does not depend upon the superior . discipline which the militia cun, by any training, acquire over regular troops, hut the persevering spirit and patriotism with which the citizens of a government who enjoy the advantages of civil and political liberty, will always defend their rights. The question which is presented to you, is, whether the burdens of the present mi litia system, when considered with its in efficiency, does not detract more from the value of our privileges, than any know - ledge of the art of war it communicates,, adds to their security. I feel it my duty to call your attention specially to the necessity of reforming the constitution, by equalizing the represen tation of the people, and reducing the number of themembeis of the Legisla ture. In theory, all admit that the people are entitled ton general tonality of poli tical power, as the surest means of secu ring to every one an equality of civil rights. From the acquisition of additional histo ry, and the'division of the original coun ties, the rule of representation fixed by the tonstitutiou, has become so unequal that one-third of the people are now in the en joyment, through their representatives, of an equal power in the government of the State, to the other two-thirds. Most of the counties w hich have thus acquired an undue pW> portion of power, are in tire same section of the state, which, from its cli mate and soil, must always he sparsely populated; so that the inequality of repre sentation which exists at present, must continue to increase. It is true, that no very injurious consequences have, as yet, proceeded from this inequality; liecause it has been brought about gradually, and lias not until very lately been the subject of public attention and interest. Factions, sectional jealousies, partial laws, and the unequal distribution of the public funds, must result from the present state of things, if the minority continue to oppose with success the expressed will tis the peo ple for the restoration of the constitution to its true principles. The public good, therefore, requires that an alteration should he effected as soon us possible. According to the Constitution, at the time of its formation, the Senate was compos ed of twenty-four numbers, and the House of Representatives of sixty-two. At pre j sent, the Senate has seventy-eight inem ; tiers, and the House one hundred and for- I ty-tvvn. The consequences of this change I have been an increased cxpeudilurefor the | support of the government, numerous h*-, cal and private laws, various inconsistent ■ provisionsin the general law.-, and an un- YOL. II*—AO. O. certain and varying policy in the conduct of p hlic i.ffairs. It is specially uecessuiv that the present organization of the Sen ate should lie so altered as to reduce tic* number of its members to what it w as < r.- ginally, aid thereby make that body att efficient die- k upon I it,.provi dent legislation, and destroy the uuiteM nation which • o\v lake? place between the Senator and Representatives of the coun ties, and products our vnet superfluity of local and private laws. If two-thirds of the Legislature cannot be induct and to vote for Jin amendment of the Constitution, according to the expressed will of the people upon this subject, I would recom mend that it be referred to the people themselves, and that resohiiion* be pass ed advising them to elyet members to-u Convention for tin. purpose. The Congress of the I . States having failed at its hist session to accept the terms proposed by the Legislature, for the as certainment ot the dividing line between this State and Florida, 1 proceeded to cause that line to be run by two com missioners, an artist and surveyor, as di rected by your resolutions, 'The Presi dent was informed of the time and place of their meeting, to enti r upon the dis charge of tl'is duty, and in nnswt r stated his intention of laying the subject before Congress at its next session. The Commissioner?, after the most ac curate examination ofthe different streams which form the river 8l Alary’s, and the surrounding country, came to the conclu sion, upon evidence which is believed to be perfectly satisfactory, that the head of the St. Mary’s, as defined in the treaty of ITU-3, was to he found at the source of its middle or western branch, that stream be ing longer, having more w ater, and agree ing better with contemporaneous opinion than either of its branches. The quantity of land between the line run by the Com missioners, and that from the junction of the Chattahooehie and Flint rivers, to the nlace designated by EHioott and the Spa nish Commissioners, for the head of the St. Mary’s, is one million three hundred thousand acres. Most of it is exceeding ly sterile, hut intersected occasionally with tracts of very productive soil. Much of that which is valuable, has been alrea dy sold and granted by the U. States. It w ill therefore be necessary for you to havo the title tried, and to direct the manner in which the territory is to he disposed of, if the determination shall be in favour ot* the State. You arc referred to the Teports of tlie Superintendents for nn account of the ex tent of road which has been made by llie public lands. The expenditures of the -superintendents for the three first quarter# ofthe present yen r, have amounted to the sum of S 17,-318 60. It is estimated, that the annual appropriation of *20,000, will prove deficient by the sum of $3,000. — This deficiency should be supplied as soop its possible. The State has as yet made no exertions to profit by the great improvements which have been lately made in the means of transportation. Considerable interest hast been manifested by the people during the past year upon this subject, which, it is hoped, will lead to some practical and be neficial result. 1 would recommend to your favorable consideration a communication which has been received from a citizen of 1 tail coun ty —a copy of which, accompanies this Mes sage—giving a detailed statement of the present difficulties w inch obstruct the navigation of the upper part of the Cliat tahoochie river, an estimate of the expen ses of removing them, and the advantages that would result therefrom. M ithout u dopting entirely the views presented in that communication, 1 would observe that the productions of that portion of the State, which is situated upon the head wa ters of the Savannah and Chattuhobchie rivers, consist of corn, tobacco, iron and lime, all heavy articles, which lose a large portion of their value from the great cost of carrying them to market, and canrio*, therefore, lie made to add their proper pro portion to the wealth of the State, or offer the full reward of industry, until the pre sent means of transportation are im proved. During the last summer, the Creek In dians on the borders of this State, became infected with the Small-Fox. The great alarm which was excited among the peo ple lest the contagion slmuld extend to them, was increased from the cireuni stance that the Indians were at that time in a starving condition, and pre.-sing into our limits, particularly the town of Co lumbus, to procure the means of subsist ence. Various quarantine regulations were adopted by the authorities of that town, to prevent all intercourse between its inhabitants and the persons who were diseased, or had been exposed to conta gion, These proceediegs were sanctioned bv this Department, as w ere similar pro ceedings adopted by the Justices of the Inferior Court of Troup county. The expenses incurred, have amounted to the sum of $064 4U.- Copies of all the pa pers upon this subject, are herewith com municated. The laws for the regulation of quarantine, and to prevent the spread ing of contagious disease?, are so indefi nite, that it was found exceedingly diffi cult to determine what dut> they nup<>*a! upon tins Department. The liberality of the Legislature in ud-
