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COSAM £)UU BARTLETT-EDITOR.
CTfjc Democrat
TS PUBI.IS!TPO F.VF.nV WEKK I*
COLU M BUS, G E O II G I A ,
at Three Dollars per annum, if paid in ad
vance', or Four Dollars, at the end of the
year. It is expected that all application far
subscription from a distance, will be accom- '
panied with the money.
Advert iseimjnts will bo inserted at reasonable
rates, bales of land and nc-jrr<se,r, by adminis
trators, executors or guardians, are requited by
law to be held on the first tuesdiv in the month
between tho hours of 10 o’clock in the forenoon
4- 3 in tbs afternoon, at the court house of the
county in which the property is situated. Notice
n,'these sales must bo given in a public Gazette
s: vty day's previous to the day of sale.
Notice of the sale of personal property most
to givei in a like manner forty days previous to'
he day of sale.
Notice todebtors A creditors of an estate must
be published fortv days
Notico that all application will be made to the
court of ordinary for leave to sell land must he
published four months.
O't.ettors on business must be Post paid to
insure attention
ITUVVe ate authorised to announce.G. V* .
D11.1.1 ARD as a candidate for Clerk of the Sup
ft>r Court of Muscogee county, at the next Jan
ary election. Feb. I’d. tde.
IFWo are authorised to announce JOHN M
FATRICK as a candidate for Tax Collector of
Mu rcogee county, at lb* enduing January elec
tion. Feb. 11). tde.
We are authorised to announce Hez
chi.'th Clay, as ti candidate for Sheriff of
Musoosree County, at the next January
-election.
We are authorised to announce Ep-
Xvtx E. Bissem,, as a candidate for Clerk
of the Inferior Court of Muscogee cotin
ty, at the ensuing election.
Oct. 22,1821.
W e are authorised to announce Jso.
T. B. I \vrtvna as a candidate for Clerk
ofthe Inferior Court of Muscogee Co
at the ensuing election.
Ort. 22, 1831.
Powers 4* JVafew ,
HAVE jnst received at their store, first door
below the Columbus B nk, a faneltul and
♦ell selected stock of
DRY GOODS, HARDWARE, 8f
CUTI. DRY.
{if which tho following articles compose a part.
They respectfully invite (heir frieds and the
public to call and examiu them,
Rose and Duffel Blankets.
Kesrcy, a good article for negro clothing-,
Kaltioolis, variouseolenrs and ijuali'ies,
A fine assortment of cloths.
JJ'hitc and Red flannels,
Salisbury do.
Green Baize,
Rik. Boriibazets, French Bombazines,
Marino Circassians,
Russia, Table, and Birds Eye Diapers,
Domoslie V’laids and stripes >
Tabby Velvet, silk do
Black and while Prints,
Fancy A Bitie do.
Dark Plaid A stripe Ginghams,
French Poplin,
Swiss Fuerillas,
Printed linen cambric.hhkfa.
Pencil bordered do do.
Thread Laces and Edgings, Swiss Inserting,
crazy Janes,
Piussian shawls, Thibet Shawls,
Marabout do. Leonidas do. Embroider’d do.
Craps do
Green Bairaize, Corded Muslin Petticoats,
A fine assortment oi Hosiery,
f’anev colored silks,
111 k. Italian do.
Plain and Satin Levantinodo.
Black rfarsnets,
Green do. Black Italian cravat*.
Velvet and silk Stocks,
Bonnet and coloured TnlF-ta Ribbons,
Superior Taffeta Uidbrellas,
Cotton do
Quilling, Velvet Reticules
Beaded do.
Bead Purses.
READY MADE CLOTHING.
Can. tot and plaid Cloaks,
Petersham over coats,
Green, Blue and Olive Frocks,
Blue, black and Green dress coats,
Snttinet cuattees aril Pant’s.
Superfine cloth pant’s.
Black Velvet Vosts, black silk A cloth do.
superior wh’t A. buff Valenlia do wh’t eas. do.
IJ'hitc flannel wrappers, Canton flan drawers.
An extensive, Assortment of
BOOTS AND SHOES.
A Large lot of superior MOUSE CARPEN
TER'S TOOLS.
Cohrmhus, Oct H, 1831.
MERCERS CLUSTER,
AND
METHODIST HYMNS.
Principally from tho collection of the
ftotr. JOHN WESLEY, M A.'
—ALSO—
A selection of approved
School 3JOOUS.
Young’s Assistant,
Easy Lessons,
Popu'ar do
National Reader,
Latin Render,
Scientific Class Book,
Toney's Botany,
Woodbrtdpc Geography and All©!,
. Pickett’s class Books,
Webster and Wa-lksr's Dictionary,
English Reader,
Webster's Strolling Books,
Bible, and Testament*,
Bl ink Books ami Kta'iounrv,
A few pieces fanhionoble Music.
I '- r sale by
geo. w. Dillingham.
May;? I. I<H.
NOTICE* All persons lia\insr elauiis a
giiin«t It ilham Tnlbot dec. are requested
Ist render them in auri cable to law, to ",
GK/ F.v r.ii nop, t-.t'r
Get I -1 .. I im.LI.IM AOAI.LV, If f
THE BfIMOOHAT.
\OI KSK & (li iIS Ik* {
HAT
Man ufacturcrs,
COLUMBUS, GEORGIA.
W‘ )ULD respectfully inform the pub- j
lie that they have on band, and will keep const
mt!lv for sale, at whole-sale and retail a goner
al and extensive assortment of t[.!TS. cornpri
-dug all the various fashions and qualifies. and
■m as favorable tonus as can be purchased at a
tty market in the United States.
Strict attention will be given to all orders
from theenuutry.
Orders for Hate left with Edward J Harden.
esq. at Appalachicola, will be promptly attend
ed to.
WAXTF.D TO PURCHASE.
Hatting firs of all kinds, for which cash and a
liberal price will be given, dobvored either at
t.’.dumhos or at Appalachicola.
Cotvmhus. .duo. 27, 1831.
&<&'<&
BY the Ship Oglethor|>e intended to sail from
Liverpool on tiie loth August last, the
subscribers will receive on Iter arrival daily ex
pected, their usual supply of
fall and winter
Dll Y G00D5..... CUTLER Y,
AND
CROCKERY WARE.
which will be for sale, by the package or piece,
ot r easonable prices and customary terms.
r.Olt’, T.IYLUH A Cos
Siir/mnah Q.Citk, Sept. ! -31
N B Savannah and its suburbs are quite
exempt from sickuess, and no apprehensions of
any
Insurance*
fgIHE Augusta Insurance anrl Batik*
ing Company will insure Produce and Mer
chandise against the dangers of River Naviea
lin on good steam boats and other river craft,
and upon good vessels from Apalachicola to New
Oilcans or tho atlantiu cities.
They wiM also take fire risks upon Buildings.
Merchandise and Produce
0 iF.O. IF. Mt.t.I.XGHAM, Aifent.
Tailoring.
.TOSI\ FIEf.D,
respectfully inform the pub
lic that ho has commenced'he above business in I
all its branches—he has taken the stand lately I
occupied by Henry Johnson, and will ende tv r ■
to give satisfaction to these who n.ay favor (lint ]
with their custom Bv strict attention to his
business, he hopes to receive a liberal sha-e ni
patronage.
IT’N. R. All orders from the country will be
promptly attended to.
Columbus, Oct 22. 2—ts
• YVtc Perry.
About one mile bolow ('olmnbuN.ot the near
est*tindbest r< nd to Fort Mitchell and Mont
gomery Alabama. The subscriber have cstab
lished their new Feriy across the Chattuhoochy.
KATES OF FERRIAGE.
Waggon loaded oil cent*.
Waggon empty -5
Pleasure carriage four, wheels ft l *
Gig or Sulkey 2>
Cart loaded 2b
Cart empty _ 12 1 2
Mau and Horse ti 1-4
Foot passenger who l ', alone ■ ti 1-4
Led horse or foot pusseugor in company no
thing.
The road leads directly from the lower end
of Broad Street, down to the river.
SEABORN JONES,
STEPHEN M. INGERSOI.L
| June 10. 3t*
HELIGIOUN
WORKS.
COLUMBUS BOOK STOKE.
Two doors from the Columbus Hank
Family Bibles with plates,
School 'do
Pocket do common *fc suparior,
Watts’and Rippons’ Hymns,
Watts Hytnns,
Mercer s Cluster, superior and common,
Methodist Hytnns,
Camp-ineoting do
Psalms and Hymns,
Dabell's Hymns,
Pious Songs.
Associate Methodist Ilymn Book,
Zhm’s Songster,
Brown’s Concordance.
Irvin’s Orations far Missionaries
Simpson's Pleas.
Cases of Conscience,
Life of Rev. T S'yott
Watson s Life of Wesley
Taylnr#-Holy Living,
Biblical Reader,
Wilson on the Sacrament,
Jerk’s Devotion,
BunyanVHoly VYar,
Seeker’s Lectures,
Char nock's Providence,
Church Member’s Guido, by J A. James,
Us-ny-L To Do Good,
Reformer) Pastor.
Anatomy of Drunkenness,
Confession of Faith,
Pilgrim's Ptogrcss,
Young Convert,
Kirke White,
Night Thoughts,
Beauties of Ifenry K Whit
Zimmerman "it bob(.ude
Allien's Admonition to binneis,
Methodist Chnrch Discipline,
Paradise Lost,
Ridglov's Bodv of Divinity in 4 vols.
Dwight's Theology -1 vols.
Jones’ Church History,
Bradley s b'ermons,
.Scott’s Theologiciil Works, fi vole
UhriHlinu Marty >*,
Blair- r sr *u >ns.
Winker's Sermon’s in 2 vols
But (or wo. lb'* Concordance,
Irving's Ural loirs.
Coomiou ft avers,
E. H. NORTON.
i y ( Id* Proa /- irttret
( OLniIMX, (GA.)S VITRIUV, AOVEHBUIS 19, 1N:12,
(PIVEUXBR'S
MISNM A « E 5
_ [coNcirnED.]
fn tlte month of Mnv last, the whole of
the interior buildings of the Penitentiary
where consumed by fire, together with a i
large quantity of its manufactured articles
and raw materials. The guard bv the as- I
si ranee of the citizens of this place and
the officers ofthe Institution, were ena
bled to prevent the escape of any of the
Convicts. They were immediately em
ployed bv the direction of the Inspector
in preparing temporary prisons and work
shops, in removeing tlie walls and rubbish
of the destroyed buildings, and in aiding
in the erection of cells for solitary confine
ment. In consequence of this applica
tion of the labor of the convicts and the
loss of Ihe materials which had been pre
pared for manufacture and which could
not be readily supplied, the amount of
sales! during the past year have been very
small and wholly insufficient to support
the institution. Seventy-five cells for
solitary confinement have been nearly
completed. They are constructed ofthe
most durable materials, ujid in such man
ner as effectually to prevent the communi
cation of the prisoners with each other,
their escape, ai.J all future risk from
fire.
From indications of public opinion in
various parts of the State, since the des
truction ol'the buildings ofthe Peniten
tiary. there is no doubt but that an effort
will he made during your, present session,
to abandon the system of Penitentiary
punishment altogether. The well being
of our community is deeply concerned in
the course w hich you may pursue. The
Penitentiary has as yet been encounterin'’'
the difficulties which are necessarily at
tendant Upon all great and novel under
takings. Its otficers have been mexperi
ieneed; the buddings unfit for the purpo
ses for which they Were designed, and its
entire police exceedingly defective. In
stead of bring fostered as a favorite insti
tution by that Btate, it has met with con
stant opjx»sition. It ought not therefore
to Ik* matter of surprise, that it has not
produced the entire good effects that were
anticipated from it. The question for
your determination should not Ire, whether
you will abandon the Penitentiary, on
account of its present defects, hut wlreth
er it cannot be so improved its to prevent
the eouiiiisson of crimes with mo A; cer
tainty than public whipping,pillory, braud
i ig, imprisonment in the Commofi jail and
hanging.
It is objected to the Penitentarv that it
has been a continued expense to the
Btate. Admitting this to be true, ought
the.expenditure of a few thousand dollars
annually to be a matter of any considera
tion to the Legislature, in adopting the
best means of preserving tire reputations,
lives, property and personal liberty of eve
ry member of the community, from tire
lawless attacks of the vicious and the vio
lent? From the result of the alterations
which were made in the government of
the Penitentiary three years ago and
what has been effected in similar institu
tions in other states, it is confufently believ
ed that this objection may be removed al-
together.
It lias been urged against the Peni
tentiary that it has not succeeded in rc
forming convicts. It may well be doubl
ed whether human institutions can effect
much in transforming vicious into virtuous
men. But whatever might lie effected iu
reforming convicts; we have had no rea
son to expect any such consequence from
our Penitentiary, because until the appro
priation for building cells for solitary con
finement, its manner of punishment was
only calculated to corrupt and degrade
them. All classes have been put together
in the same rooms at night, and no efficient
restraints placed upon their intercourse
during the day3. The great advantage of
the Penitentiary System consists in its
withdrawing from the community for a
length of time its most vicious members,
and so operating upon the imagination
and fears of had men, hv its peculiar form
of punishment, as to prevent the actual
commission of crimes. The habit of
idleness and improper associations pro
duce most of the offences against society.
It is therefore, that constant compulsory
labor and entire seclusion from all inter
course with others, is the most dreadful
as well as the most effectual punishment.
When it is considered that no State has
ever abandoned this mode of punishment,
that it has been greatly improved of late
years in many of the Institutions of other
States; that in some of them large profits
have been realized from labor of the
convicts, and that in others scarcely
any instances occur of second commit
ments; is it not reasonable to ascribe the
failure of the Penitentiary in this State,
rather to the defective manner in which
it has been managed, that to, the imper
fection of the system itself? Is it not due
to our chatacter for firmness and consis
tency of purpose, to make a full and fair
experiment before it is abandoned^Ought
we to throw away all the valuable expe
rience w hich we have acquired, and ihc
large amount of capital which has been
expended, without a thorough conviction
that it cannot he rendered useful? Rif
tertaining these opinions, I feel it inv du
ty most earnestly and respectfully to re
ouiine.'id that the Peuiteutisrjr rebuilt
aecording to the most approver! model*
that the number of cells for solitary con
finement, which have been directed to be
bpilt, be Completed; umi that the nee s
sary laws for rendering it.-, police effective
he passed. In addition to tire appropria
tion which will be required for this pur
pose, a further sum will he wanting fur
the purchase of materials for manufacture
au'd the immediate support ofthe Institu
tion.
The bill which was passed at your last
session to regulate the internal police of
the Penitentiary, was nonsidereil uncon
stitutional, and therefore not signed. Tile
reasons for withholding my signature, to
gether with copies of the hill, accompany
this message.
The members of the Guard of the
Penitentiary, are at present under no con
trol; because the law which directs the
manner of their punishment cannot he
enforced. 1 would therefore recommend
that you define specifically what acts of
the members of the Guard, as such, shall
he made criminal.; affix to them tlu-ir pro
per punishment, and subject them to the
jurisdiction of the Superior Court.
The resolutions which passed tit your
last Session authorizing me to appoint a
Board to be composed of three otficers,
whose duty it should be to review the Mi
litia Laws, and recommend such altera
tions as they might consider necessary to
establish a correct system, by some inad
vertence failed to receive tlie signatures
ofthe officers of the House of Representa
tives, and could not therefore be carried
into effect.
The returns of the Brigade Inspectors,
and reports from other officers, slyw, that
the militia is iuu state of disorganization
throughout the State. The prevalence of
the opinion that no effective discipline
can be acquired in time of peaee, Irani
militia trainings, lias created among the
People such ;m indisposition to submit fn
the requisitions of the present laws, as to
render it very doubtful whether any addi
tional enactments could he enforced. 1
would therefore suggest for your conside
| ration, whether, instead of devising new
’ plans for improving and enforcing disci
pline, good policy * oes not require the
repeal ofthe provisions which experience
has shown cannot be executed Beneficial
ly, particularly their present harassing
and useless penalties, ami *hat the whole
system he rendered us simple and as easi
ly executed as possible. An enrollment
of all persons able to hear arms with an
animat review in e.Teh county, would, it is
believed, answer all the purposes of a mi
litia system in the time of peaee, and
especially if additional encouragement
should he given to the formation of volun
teer corps. It is not intended hv this re
commendation to impugn the truth ofthe
maxim, that the militia of this country
form its surest defence. The truth of that
j maxim does not depend upon the superior
. discipline which the militia cun, by any
training, acquire over regular troops, hut
the persevering spirit and patriotism with
which the citizens of a government who
enjoy the advantages of civil and political
liberty, will always defend their rights.
The question which is presented to you,
is, whether the burdens of the present mi
litia system, when considered with its in
efficiency, does not detract more from the
value of our privileges, than any know -
ledge of the art of war it communicates,,
adds to their security.
I feel it my duty to call your attention
specially to the necessity of reforming the
constitution, by equalizing the represen
tation of the people, and reducing the
number of themembeis of the Legisla
ture. In theory, all admit that the people
are entitled ton general tonality of poli
tical power, as the surest means of secu
ring to every one an equality of civil rights.
From the acquisition of additional histo
ry, and the'division of the original coun
ties, the rule of representation fixed by the
tonstitutiou, has become so unequal that
one-third of the people are now in the en
joyment, through their representatives, of
an equal power in the government of the
State, to the other two-thirds. Most of
the counties w hich have thus acquired an
undue pW> portion of power, are in tire same
section of the state, which, from its cli
mate and soil, must always he sparsely
populated; so that the inequality of repre
sentation which exists at present, must
continue to increase. It is true, that no
very injurious consequences have, as yet,
proceeded from this inequality; liecause it
has been brought about gradually, and lias
not until very lately been the subject of
public attention and interest. Factions,
sectional jealousies, partial laws, and the
unequal distribution of the public funds,
must result from the present state of
things, if the minority continue to oppose
with success the expressed will tis the peo
ple for the restoration of the constitution
to its true principles. The public good,
therefore, requires that an alteration
should he effected as soon us possible.
According to the Constitution, at the time
of its formation, the Senate was compos
ed of twenty-four numbers, and the House
of Representatives of sixty-two. At pre
j sent, the Senate has seventy-eight inem
; tiers, and the House one hundred and for-
I ty-tvvn. The consequences of this change
I have been an increased cxpeudilurefor the
| support of the government, numerous h*-,
cal and private laws, various inconsistent
■ provisionsin the general law.-, and an un-
YOL. II*—AO. O.
certain and varying policy in the conduct
of p hlic i.ffairs. It is specially uecessuiv
that the present organization of the Sen
ate should lie so altered as to reduce tic*
number of its members to what it w as < r.-
ginally, aid thereby make that body att
efficient die- k upon I it,.provi
dent legislation, and destroy the uuiteM
nation which • o\v lake? place between the
Senator and Representatives of the coun
ties, and products our vnet superfluity of
local and private laws. If two-thirds of
the Legislature cannot be induct and to vote
for Jin amendment of the Constitution,
according to the expressed will of the
people upon this subject, I would recom
mend that it be referred to the people
themselves, and that resohiiion* be pass
ed advising them to elyet members to-u
Convention for tin. purpose.
The Congress of the I . States having
failed at its hist session to accept the terms
proposed by the Legislature, for the as
certainment ot the dividing line between
this State and Florida, 1 proceeded to
cause that line to be run by two com
missioners, an artist and surveyor, as di
rected by your resolutions, 'The Presi
dent was informed of the time and place
of their meeting, to enti r upon the dis
charge of tl'is duty, and in nnswt r stated
his intention of laying the subject before
Congress at its next session.
The Commissioner?, after the most ac
curate examination ofthe different streams
which form the river 8l Alary’s, and the
surrounding country, came to the conclu
sion, upon evidence which is believed to
be perfectly satisfactory, that the head of
the St. Mary’s, as defined in the treaty of
ITU-3, was to he found at the source of its
middle or western branch, that stream be
ing longer, having more w ater, and agree
ing better with contemporaneous opinion
than either of its branches. The quantity
of land between the line run by the Com
missioners, and that from the junction of
the Chattahooehie and Flint rivers, to the
nlace designated by EHioott and the Spa
nish Commissioners, for the head of the
St. Mary’s, is one million three hundred
thousand acres. Most of it is exceeding
ly sterile, hut intersected occasionally
with tracts of very productive soil. Much
of that which is valuable, has been alrea
dy sold and granted by the U. States. It
w ill therefore be necessary for you to havo
the title tried, and to direct the manner
in which the territory is to he disposed of,
if the determination shall be in favour ot*
the State.
You arc referred to the Teports of tlie
Superintendents for nn account of the ex
tent of road which has been made by llie
public lands. The expenditures of the
-superintendents for the three first quarter#
ofthe present yen r, have amounted to the
sum of S 17,-318 60. It is estimated, that
the annual appropriation of *20,000, will
prove deficient by the sum of $3,000. —
This deficiency should be supplied as soop
its possible.
The State has as yet made no exertions
to profit by the great improvements which
have been lately made in the means of
transportation. Considerable interest hast
been manifested by the people during the
past year upon this subject, which, it is
hoped, will lead to some practical and be
neficial result.
1 would recommend to your favorable
consideration a communication which has
been received from a citizen of 1 tail coun
ty —a copy of which, accompanies this
Mes sage—giving a detailed statement of
the present difficulties w inch obstruct the
navigation of the upper part of the Cliat
tahoochie river, an estimate of the expen
ses of removing them, and the advantages
that would result therefrom. M ithout u
dopting entirely the views presented in
that communication, 1 would observe that
the productions of that portion of the
State, which is situated upon the head wa
ters of the Savannah and Chattuhobchie
rivers, consist of corn, tobacco, iron and
lime, all heavy articles, which lose a large
portion of their value from the great cost
of carrying them to market, and canrio*,
therefore, lie made to add their proper pro
portion to the wealth of the State, or offer
the full reward of industry, until the pre
sent means of transportation are im
proved.
During the last summer, the Creek In
dians on the borders of this State, became
infected with the Small-Fox. The great
alarm which was excited among the peo
ple lest the contagion slmuld extend to
them, was increased from the cireuni
stance that the Indians were at that time
in a starving condition, and pre.-sing into
our limits, particularly the town of Co
lumbus, to procure the means of subsist
ence. Various quarantine regulations
were adopted by the authorities of that
town, to prevent all intercourse between
its inhabitants and the persons who were
diseased, or had been exposed to conta
gion, These proceediegs were sanctioned
bv this Department, as w ere similar pro
ceedings adopted by the Justices of the
Inferior Court of Troup county. The
expenses incurred, have amounted to the
sum of $064 4U.- Copies of all the pa
pers upon this subject, are herewith com
municated. The laws for the regulation
of quarantine, and to prevent the spread
ing of contagious disease?, are so indefi
nite, that it was found exceedingly diffi
cult to determine what dut> they nup<>*a!
upon tins Department.
The liberality of the Legislature in ud-