Newspaper Page Text
VOL. 111.
T. K. WIMMK, W. S. DK WOLF.
JOHN H. MARTIN, JOHN *. HTKWAHT.
Wynne, DeWolf & Cos.
PubllHber* and Proprlftom.
DAILY, (In advance) per annum 9? 00
** tlx months 4 oo
" three months 2 00
'* one month ......... 75
WKKKLT, one year 2 00
(Shorter terms In proportion.)
BATKM OP AIIVERTININU.
Square, one week 9 3 M)
One Square, one month 9 00
One Square, six months 28 00
Transient advertisements SI.OO for first inser*
on, and 50 oents for each subsequent insertion.
Fifty per oent. additional in Local column.
Ltberal rates to larger advertisements.
CONGRESSIONAL
THE COUNT FINISHED.
Hayes and Wheeler Declared Elected.
ALL NORROWFIL OK ASHAMED.
DUummenl on Appropriation Bill,.
SEX ATE.
Washington, March 2.—Mr. Mor
rill, of Vermont, submitted a resolu
tion authorizing the appointment of
a committee of three Senators to
make necessary arrangements for
the inauguration for the President
elect on sth of March. Agreed to.
Gen. Alec Buford, of Kentucky, re
lieved by resolution for removal of
political disabilities.
Morrill, Howe and McDonald ap
pointed a committee to make ar
rangements for tbe inauguration.
The conference report on deficien
cy appropriation was adopted.
West reported the Conference Com
mittee on postofflce appropriations
unable to agree. Anew conference
is ordered. ,
West stated the conference had
agreed upon ail but the railroad,
Brazil and China subsidies. The
Senate Committee was willing to re
duce Brazil subsidies to $300,000; the
House unwilling.
Disabilities of Gen. Quattlehauin
removed,
Mr. Gordon, of Georgia, called up
Senate bill to authorize the Secreta
ry of War to adjust and settle claims
of the of State Georgia against the
Government on account of the West
ern Atlantic Railroad-passed.
Mr. Ransom presented the creden
tials of M. C. Butier as United States
Senator from the State of South Car
olina for six years from March 4th,
1877. They were signed by Wade
Hampton as Governor, and had the
seal of the State attached. Placed
on file.
The Monetary Commission submit
ted majority and minority reports.
Ordered printed.
The conference committee on Na
val Appropriations were unable to
agree. A now conference ordered.
Printing of three hundred thou
sand copies of the Agricultural Re
port ordered.
Adjourned.
BOUSE.
Washington, March 2.—After the
vote not to count Sallace’a vote.
Speaker Randall announced that the
chair had allowed every legitimate
legislative motion. The duty to no
tify the Senate of the decision is
mandatory.
Several propositions were over
ruled.
Mr. Cox said: There is no nse en
deavoring to prevent the Speaker
from counting in Hayes at once.
The Speaker said: Gentlemen
need not object. The Chair has no
authority to receive any motion.
At 11 the Senate entered, and Ver
mont was counted for Hayes, Vir
ginia and West Virginia for Tilden;
and finally, after separation and two
hours’ discussion, Wisconsin was
counted for Hayes.
At half past 4. Mr. Ferry said;
This concludes the count of the 38
States. The tellers will now ascer
tain and deliver the result.
Senator Allison, one of the tellers,
declared the vote: Rutherford B.
Hayes 185, Samuel J. Tilden 184:
Wherefore I announce Rutherford
B. Hayes an Wm. A. Wheeler duly
elected President and Vice President
for four years, commencing March
4th 1877.
There was a solitary hiss.
The Senate retired, the House ad
journed, and the flag was lowered
for the first time since February Ist.
Hayes arrived at 9 o’clock, while it
rained torrents. Senator John Sher
man carried Hayes to hia house.
No one seems glad. There are no
cheerful congratulations. Those who
do not look sorrowful appear asham
ed.
A resolution with the extraordina
ry preamble that the Louisiana re
turning board be discharged, so as to
assist the members of tbe Commis
sion, who completed the work of the
returning board, in the inauguration,
is pending. It will not receive two
thirds. The chanobs are that the
returning board will be certified to
the District Court for punishment.
The resolution to release the Lou
isiana returning board was defeated,
RejbnbHcahs and many Democrats
voting nay, a* the preamble contain
ed matter insulting to Hayes. There
were only 18 affirmative votes.
The conference report on deficien
cy appropriation passed.
The Army Appropriation bill re
ported. It contains a clause that no
portion of the appropriation be used
to support any State government by
the army. It reserves distinction on
account of color. A special cluuse
provides that neither Government in
South Carolinn or Louisiana shall be
supported until recognized by Con
gress.
A motion to suspond the rules and
pass the bill was agreed to. It goes
to the Senate. This action is regard
ed equivalent, to the success of Hamp
ton and Nicholls.
River and Harbor bill reported
but failed to receive two-thirds and
must take t he regular courso.
Hurd, of Ohio, reported a resolu
tion reciting that as it has been de
clared that a President of the United
States may be Inaugurated iu the
fraudulent action of the Louisiana
Returning Board, its members should
be discharged from custody—yeas 89,
nays 97.
The bill for the payment of claims
passed upon by Southern Claims
Commission, passed, and it appro
priated $474,000.
A night session is progressing.
Washington news.
DEMOCRATIC COURSE OF ACTION NOT
YET DEVELOPED.
Radical Senators Want to Know About
Hayes' Southern Policy.
THE INCOMING VISITS THE OUT
GOING.
Extra Scion of th Senate Called.
AN EXTRA SESSION OF CONGREBS IMPROB
ABLE.
Washington, March 2.—No course
of action has developed itself this
morning.
Fifteen Radical Senators had a
meeting and resolved if Hayes’
Southern policy is against the Repub
lican party of the South, they should
know it.
No Conference committees meet
this morning. The House Is indis
posed to take hold of business. It is
occupied with questions of privileges
involving pages and doorkeepers.
Presidentelect Hayes, in comoany
with Senator Sherman and Governor
Denison, visited President Grant at
the White House this morning, dur
ing the Cabinet session, and bad a
short conversation with the Presi
dent and the Cabinet.
Beuator Gordon has applied to the
Chief Sigual officer of the United
States for the establishment of a
signal station in Atlanta, Ga., and
has the promise of the Department
to comply with his request as soon
as the condition of the service will
permit.
Washington, March 2.—The Presi
dent’s dispatch to Packard, and the
adoption by the House by a two
thirds vote of the hampering clause
of the Army bill, have produced a
very cheerful feeling in Southern
conservative circles. "Let them have
Hayes and Wheeler; but give us
Louisiana and South Carolina,”
seems to have been the successful
war cry.
Private advices from New Orleans
to 4 o’clock represent everything
quiet there.
The President has issued a procla
mation convening the Senate in ex
tra session, March 4th.
Wheeler has arrived.
Lou Wier will be marshal of the
District.
R. P. Buckland, of Ohio, will be
private secretary to Hayes.
Tbe Electoral Comission paid its
employees and dissolved.
An extra session of Congress is im
probable.
Nominations—Silas B. Dutoher,
Appraiser Merchandise, New York;
Wm. Stone, District Attorney, South
Carolina.
Confirmations—Oeo. S. Lacy, Dis
trict Attorney, Louisiana; C. S. Slade
Collector Customs, Passo Del Norte
District; Frank Morey, General Ap
praiser Merchandise; John Tarnum.
Receiver Public Money, Fia.; R. .T,
Caldwell, Receiver Public Money,
La.; M. J. Grady, Land Register,
La.
TELEGRAPHIC SUMMARY•
Constantinople Tbe treaty of
peace with Servia is finally signed.
London—lt is rumored that an
other meeting of the Europeans of
Russia, Prussia and Austria has been
arranged at Descechar.
Tone peaceful from all quarters.
Cincinnati The Hasdiug paper
mills, at Franklin, Ohio, burned;
loss $200,000.
London— A dispatch to Reuter’s
Telegram Company from Athens
says tbe object of tbe removal of the
British squadron from Biereus is to
refit the ships and give leave of ab
sence to the ineD, preparatory to a
cruise during the summer, political
reasons no longer requiring the pres
ence of a squadron necessary in
Eastern waters.
Florence— Joel. T. Hart, American
sculptor, is dead.
COLUMBUS,‘•GA.. SATURDAY MORNING, MARCH 3. 1877.
GRANT AND LOUISIANA, i
an, , . ii...- ■
The I.lll* III* Foot from Her ,
Week !
Headquarters of the Army, i
Washington, March 2,1877,
12.22 r. m. )
To Gen. C. C. Anger, Comm'd’g Dep't
of New Orleans:
The following dispatch has gone to
Packard, and i-. hereby sent you for
your information and government.
[Signed] W. T. Sherman,
General.
(Telegram. ]
Executive Mansion. I
Washington, D. C., March 2,1877. j
To Gov. S. B. Packard, N. 0., La.
In answer to your dispatch of this
date, the President directs me to say
that he feels it his duty to state
frankly that he does not believe pub
lio opinion will longer support the
maintainance of State government in
Louisiana by the use of the military,
and that he must concur in this nmu
ifest feeling. The troops will here
after, as in the past, protect life and
property from mob violence when
the State authorities fail; but under
the remaining days of his official
life, they will not be used to establish
or to pull down either claimant for
control of the State. It is not liis
purpose to recognize either claimant.
C. C. Sniffen,
Secretary.
HOWES’ REPOrToN LOUISIANA.
A MNrrakile Tissue of Nprrlal I’lrndlnK.
CLAIMS THE STATE FOR HAYES ON THE
REGISTRATION MADE BY THE
RADICALS.
Washington, March 2.— The report
of the Senate Louisiana Committee
presented by Senator Howe to-day,
is a voluminous document of about
100 manuscript pages, although they
state it is only a report of a part of
the Committee.
After explaining what they were
requested to do under the resolution,
they say that there are two ways in
which the right of suffrage may be
abridged; One is to deny the legal
voter the privilege of depositing his
ballot, and the other is to refuse to
count the ballot after it is deposited
by different parties. It is claimed
that both of these methods have been
pursued withiu the State of Louisi
ana. The allegation as to the last
can’t be controverted. The laws of
Louisiana authorize its tribunals,un
der certain conditions, to reject
from the count not only tho entire
vote of a precinct, but the entire vote
of a parish. In conclusion, the com
mittee say that the testimony is not
sufficiently complete to enable them
to say positively what would have
been the result of the election in this
State if intimidation bad not been
employed at all; but organized in
timidation is charged against seven
teen parishes of the State. Against
forty no such charges are made; in
those forty parishes the colored reg
istration numbered 87,999; the white
registration numbered 75,037 —leav-
ing a majority of colored voters reg
istered of 15,905. These 40 purishes
returned 65,747 Republican voters,
and 59,392 Democratic voters. So
that in that part of the Slate where
intimidation was not charged there
was a Republican majority of 6,353
voters. It is not pretended that the
same arguments were employed in
the 40 parishes that were employed
in the other 17, but the results are
very different. In the 17 par
ishes said to have been intim
idated, tbe colored registration
was 27,269, the white registration 20,-
320 -giving a majority of colored vo
ters 6,949 - half us large as the col
ored majority in all the rest of the
State; but the vote in tbe seventeen
parishes as returned showed but 10,-
910 Republicans and 21,123 Demo
crats. In the seventeen parishes,
where there was a majority of nearly
7,000 colored voters registered, there
was a majority of 10,153 Democratic
votes returned.
The report is signed by all the Re
publican Senators on the committee.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
THE HABEAS CORPUS CASE NOT
YET lIEI IDED.
A NEGRO JUSTICE ABSENTS HIMSELF TO
AVOID IT.
Columbia, March 2. —At 11a. m. the
Supreme Court room was crowded to
hear the decision in the Tilda Norris
habeas corpus case, involving the in
validity of Hampton’s pardon. As
sociate Justice Williard appeared on
the bench, but the colored Justice,
Wright, was absent. The sheriff
sent to look for Wright, returned
with information that he had not
been seen since yesterday morning.
Owing to the lack of a full beneh,
Justice Williard adjourned court till
Monday.
The absence of Wright at this junc
ture creates istense excitement.
Whip New*.
New York. March 2 —Arrived out:
Vineyard, Hawk. Hope, Monhegan, Col
bort, Circassian, J. W. Parker.
Prof. Henry of tbe Smithsonian
Institution has reported against the
importers’ doctored sugar.
A UONrEMT FUIC H.TOO 000.
RENEWAL OF THE LITIGATIONS OF DR.
HKLMBOLD’S ESTATE.
A suit to compel an accounting in
the matter of the estate of Dr. Helm
bold will come up for argument on
Wednesday next, iu the Court of
Coinmou Pleas, iu Philadelphia.
The suit is brought by Henrietta B.
Helmbold, as guardian of the chil
dren of Dr. Helmbold, and herself,
against Albert L. Helmbold, tho
Commissioner in Lunacy, in ears of
his brotner, Dr. Helmbold, Tbe
complaint alleges that the business*
of Dr. Helmbold is worth SGU,(H)O a
year, aud that no accounting has
been reudered for five years, making
tile sum iu contest $300,000. In re
ply, the defendant alleges that the
business of Dr. Helmbold is now
worthless; that the only portion of
what his business formerly was, that
is now of any value, i3 toe pro
prietary interest iu "Helmbold’s
Buchu,” aud that this proprietary
interest is now vested iu the de
fendant by virtue of three facts - first,
that the defendant was the original
discoverer of “Helmbold’s Bueliu;”
second, that the title was vested in
him [defendanti by virtue of a con
tract with Dr. Helmbold, and third,
that it is vested by virtue of a con
tract with Dr. Helmbold’s asstgne iu
bankruptcy, one Trask, who is now
dead.
The plaintiff’s reply sets forth that
Albert L. Helmbold was not the
original discoverer of the medicine,
“as all the world knows ;” that if de
fendant has any such contract with
Dr. Helmbold as he claims to have it
is a forgery, and therefore null and
void, and that the assignee iu bank
ruptcy had no power to make such a
contract as the title to the trade-mark
was not a portion of toe estate, aud,
not being property, could ro more
be alienated froiu Dr. Helmbold
"than his name, or the hair on his
head, or the toes on his feet.”
For the plaintiff will appear ex-
Attorney-General Benjamin Harris
Brewster, of Pennsylvania, and ex-
Judge Curtis, of New York; for the
defendant, ex-Attorney-Generul Jere
miah S. Black and Spencer Miller.
The Elegant Martini* tie Main! George*
Every one remembers the beautiful
hair of the witty aud elegant Marquis
of Saint-Gcorges, who died last win
ter. M. EugeueCaput enlightens ua
upon this subject iu an article iu the
Sport. He thought that a society
mau should never be aged, even when
he reached old ago.
It is well-known to what an art he
arrived in the arrangement of his
own wig. It was such a miracle of
ingenuity that even his most inti
mate friends-those who saw him ev
ery day, made bets whether or not
he wore a wig. How could it
be otherwise? M. de Saint Georges
had three wigs, which he
wore during the course of each moth.
The first from the Ist to the 10th, the
second from the 10th to the 20th, and
the third from the 20th to the 30th.
That of the first decade had short
hair, that of the second a little
longer, and the third a little louger
yet, so as to simulate as nearly as
possible the natural growth of hair.
At the eud of tho month ho would
complain that his hair had grown too
long, and he was thought to have
hail it cut when the time came for
him to don his wig No. 1.
The government of Egypt is mainly
run by foreigners. In the Naval De
partment are an English Post Cap
tain and many of his countrymen.
At the Treasury is an ex-Secretary of
the British Admiralty. In the Public
Works Department the chief places
are filled by Englishmen, and the
railroads will presently be placed
under an English officer of engineers.
Education is under French and Eng
lish supervision. The Postmaster-
General is from the General Post
office, London. In the Telegraph
Department are two English super
intendents. The Judges of the Court
of Appeal are also English ; and the
army Is chiefly officered by American
Southerners.
A week ago the Methodist preach
ers of New York and vicinity, who
hold clerical conferences in the large
hall of the Book Concern Building,
voted to extend an invitation to the
Rev. Miss Anna M. Oliver, the well
known female preacher, to preach a
sermon before them on the first Mon
day in March. The invitation was
formally extended to the Rev. Miss
Oliver, and she consented to preach.
Yesterday the Methodist ministers
were ungallant enough to rescind
their invitation and ask her to stay
away from their meeting. The mo
tion to rescind was not adopted
without stnmg opposition. Amid
motions to lay on ttie table, amend
ments, and so on, tbe contending
factions struggled from 11 o’clock in
the forenoon until late in the after
noon. The decision not to have the
Rev. Miss Oliver preach before them
was carried only Dya small majority,
and half of the preachers deeliud to
vote at that, on the ground that they
did not wish to commit themselves
in the matter. After the meeting
adjourned, the preachers consulted
among themselves as who would be
bold enough to carry the news to
Anna. — N. Y. Sun, 27th.
Liverpool Cotton circular*.
Liverpool, March 2. —The circular
of the Liverpool Cotton Brokers, for
the week ending last night, says:
Cotton was depressed on Friday and
Saturday, with prices irregular and
unsettled. The demand increased
on Monday, and has since continued
good, with more steadiness. Ameri
can was in very limited demand the
early part of the week, and declined
1-16, but has since been more active.
The decline has been fully recovered,
and quotations are somewhat higher
than last Thursday. In Sea Island
the sales were moderate and prices
are unchanged. In futures there was
a fair business throughout the week,
without any great flunctuations.
Tbe closing quotations show an im
provement of 1-32 to 1-l Gd.
WEATHER INDICATIONS.
War Department, j
Office of Chief Signal Officer, >
Washington, March 3, 1377. )
For South Atlantic and Gulf States,
rising barometer, warmer, south
west winds, and partly cloudy or
clear weather will prevail.
From the Atlanta Coastitution Ist.
NKTHEKCHMKNT.
Perhaps no body ever started out
with braver resolutions for retrenoh
rneut than the present general assem
bly. We propose to give the body a
fair and judicial judgment upon its
performance of its economieal mis
sion. The necessity for retrenchment
was a public as well as a private mat
ter. The widespread pecuniary dis
tress every where inspired the great
clamor for relief, and it was this
pressing need that filled the state
with the urgent demand for legisla
tive interposition on this subject.
Governor Colquitt led off iu it. He
took hold of the delicate topic with
gloves off ami went right to the bot
tom of it. His message met with
universal popular approval, and it
presented a tangible, comprehensive,
detailed, practical basis for legisla
tive action, covering the whole
ground of economical reform. He
showed the assembly what could be
done and manifested through all a
full and hearty spirit of co-operation.
The legislature backed the thing
with a rush. It took off its coat and
rolled up its sleeves and with a whoop
aud a rush it went at retrenchment
us if under contract to demolish the
victim at one swoop. Perhaps there
never was noisier display of zeal.
And lo be just, it must bo confessed
that the body was in earnest. There
is no discount upon this fact. The
general assembly meant business.
The following are the details of re
trenchment, namely: reduction in
the expenses of the Legislature, inclu
ding clerk hire, abolition of superflu
ous officers, reduction of judiciary, re
duction of expenses of collecting the
taxes, arrangement for closer collec
tion of taxes and higher and juster
appraisement of property, making
corporations give in property aud
tax like individuals, putting perqui
sites in the treasury, uud saving
money on public buildings, etc.
Two dollars a day reduction on the
per diem of the Legislature would
have made, in the forty days, SIB,OOO.
The clerk hire could have beeu re
duced from $26,000 to SIO,OOO, saving
$16,000. This would have made $34,-
000 saved ou this item of the Legisla
ture. The members refused to re
duce their pay. The clerk of the
House was eager to eoonimize, but
the members farced on him num
bers of clerks, until the expense of
clerk hire ran clear beyond whatvras
necessary. The result shows clearly
that men caunot be trusted to re
duce their own pay. Tne only pos
sible method of securing legislative
retrenchment is to retrench in spite
of them, to let the convention fix the
compensation unalterably. When
ever men have the power to fix their
own pay, they are going to disregard
economy. They are insensible to
ridicule or menance.
A bill was introduced to reduce tbe judi
cial circuits from 20 to 16 saving $15,000.
It ignominiously lell through. The pres
sure could not be withstood. No judge
wanted to give up his tenure, and so the
thing fuileil.
An ini me use zeal was displayed in cut
ting down the salaries of half a dozen
clerks, which would have directed a sav
ing of $1,500 all told, and the pressure
brought to bear on this poor little insigni
ficant matter was frightful. A half a day’s
gassing on the subject by voluble members
cost morr than tbe whole economizing on
every clerk in every department. Tbe dis
play of presevering retrenchment in this
direction was heroic.
In tbe public printing there was an ef
fort at reform. The percent, of profit al
lowed the prioter was reduced from 25 to
20 per cent., and the office of compiler
with its salary of $750 was abolished and
the work put on the public printer at a
reduced conipeusaiion of S3OO, savings42u
a year.
The building fund was reduced from
$20,000 to $12,000, a saving of $8;000,
Some effort was made to improve the
law in regard to getting more taxes out of
corporations, and collecting taxes closer,
and little fragmentary endeavors were
tried to reduce the cost of collecting the
taxes, but the members seemed to have
given no study to the subject, and to have
no well digested ideas of doing any
thing.
The governor refused to fill the office of
superintendent of public works, and put
the duties upon one of bis clerks without
pay, thus saving $2,000 a year on this score.
This ~dded to the SB,OOO saved on the
building iund made SIO,OOO eeonomiz
ed on this score. But as a sort of an off
set the insurance on the public buildings
was increased to help out the insurance
agents, who vied gallantly for this lucky
plum.
The insurance perquisits were required
to be paid into the treasury and a salary
of $1,250 allowed for the work. This
will put as much as fifteen hundred dol
lars in the treasury. The salary of the
wild land clerks was raised instead of
lowered, being changed from $1,200 to
$1,500
Tbe funding of the railroad endorsed
bonds from 7 per cent to 6 per cent saves
the State about $25,000 a year in interest.
This was the heaviest single saving made.
But as an offset to this the bill devoting
the proceeds of the penitentiary convicts
to the Marietta and North Georgia rail
road will take $15,000 a year out of the
treasury, while the hill giving a third of
the taxes of Chatham county to drainage
the city of Savannah takes s3>,oou out of
the public purse.
Now let us see how the balance stands :
Saving*—Funding railroad bonds $25 000
Printing and compiler.. 1,000
Sup. pub, work. 2,000
Legist* ire clerk hire... 3 000
Members'p*?
lusur.nce perqulsito. 1601
Bu.ldingfuud 8.(00
$40,00
Inert ased expsns s
M & N G It R $15,001
Drainage Savaunah, 36,000
$60,000—60 000
Balaneo against retrenchment $0,6 0
The change of tbe law about inspectors
of fertilizers may or may not pay some
thing into the treasury. Tbe experiment
is lo be tried.
In conclusion, let us say that a begin
ning has been made that may grow into
something good hereafter. Tbe conven
tion must take hold of this subject in
dead earnest. It can do so because it
be unaffected bv the work. Let tbe num
ber of public officers be reduced, not their
pay. Men must be compensated well for
good work, but let there be no sinecures.
The beads of departments should work,
and not sit idle. Make them work. Pay
them well, hut make them work. This is
the true rule.
A controversy is threatened as to wheth
er Joe Bradley understands the nature of
an oath. An Illinois Justice of the Peace
onced asked a witness a question of this
sort, and the candid Hoosier answered
tbai be didn’t understand the nature of an
oath until the defendant called him “a
dammed rascal,” and after that he thought
he knew what it meant.
From the Bunsell Register.l
Alabama Exemption.
The subject of exemptions ns legis
lated and provided for by the laws of
Alabama is at present involved in
some apparent uncertainty aud varia
bleness dependent upon tbe date of
the contract or liability against which
the exemption Is to be claimed. The
Legislature at its recent session pass
ed a law ou ttie subject, which, if it
does not establish anew programme,
gives a fair construction to he meas
ured and made applicable to the rea
sonable appropriation by the people
of the protection guaranteed to them
as residents of tho State. It makes
the exemptions set out in the Code of
1867 good and of force against debts
created before the Constitution of
1868 became operative, which was, we
think, in February, 1808. By refer
ence to the clauses and sections of
that Code relative to exemptions, the
character and items of exempted pro
perty can be ascertained. Among
them there is provided the exemption
of $1,700 worth of land as a home
stead, without regard to its location
or limitation as to acres, and of per
sonalty SI,OOO worth, in addition to
other specific articles and species of
property named in the laws provid
ing for the exemptions. Such, then,
is the regulation of the law ou the
matter as to ail debts contracted prior
to February, 1868.
The exemptions allowed against
debts whose contraction was on dates
subsequently to the adoption of the
Constitution of 1868 are regulated by
tile provisions of that Constitution
aud of the laws passed under that
Constitution. The Constitution of
1868 contaius a clause exempting for
each resident of the State one thou
sand dollas worth of personalty and
a homestead of eighty acres of land
in the country or if in the towu of
tho value of two thousand dollars.
Such was the limitation of exemptions
until April 23rd, 1873, when the Leg
islature passed a law which exempts
for every resident one thousand dol
lars of personalty and a homestead,
in the country not exceeding one hun
dred and sixty acres of land and iu
any town or village not the exceed in
value two thousand dollars.
The Supreme Court of the State in
cases before it has decided that the
act of the Legislature passed April
23d, 1873, was valid and Constitution
al ; that the exemption clause of the
Constitution of 1868 did not inhibit
the Legislature from increasing the
amount of value of the exemption
which it provided for, but[that it did
inhibit the reduction of the same. So
by the construction of the highest
judicial tribuual that act was lawful.
Constitutional and valid.
Bo as the law now stands construed
the matter of exemptions is various
ly fixed dependent upon tbe dates of
the contracts against which it is to
be claimed. Up to February 1868
the provisions of the Code regulate
the claim. From that time to April
23d, 1873, the Constitutiou declares
ttie character and limitations of the
exemptions, and since then the pro
visions of that act are the allowances
which are to be made against debts.
The Constitution of 1875 i3 the
same as that of 1868 as to the matter
of exemptions except thut it has an
additional clause providing for a
waiver of tbeexemptions.to be claim
ed. But the schedule which the
Convention passed providing for the
observance and validity of the then
existing laws makes tbe exemptions
of the act of April 23rd, 1873, legal and
valid even as to debts contracted sub
sequent to the adoption of the new
and present Constitution in Novem
ber 1875.
Such is our understanding of the
situation in the matter of exemptions.
The Supreme Court at its present
term, which has beeu in session since
the first Monday in last December,
has adjudicated three or four cases
involving the laws of exemptions.
We have not seen the full data of
these cases, only the dicta and gener
al summary in them. We will refer
to the matter again should additional
imformation be given from such ad
judication or other sources.
Ret. Henry Ward Bkeciieu, in u
recent lecture on "Hard Times,” discoures
ed upon the railroad building of the past
few years as follows: “At such a period
the Pacific Railroad had spread out like
snakes in spring. There were 20 000
miles of road built in ten yeurs, and even
Illinois was a perfect gridiron ol a Blate
in this respect. Hope oecame so insane
that the entile community was puffed up
—like the Dutchman who called himself
fat when he was merely bloated by drink
ing beer. So it was with the community
and individuals. Tue banks went down,
one after another, like trees falling in a
forest and bearing down others with them
Mines, foundries, iron works, all went—
unable lo pay their paper. People tried,
as soon as they could, to pick themselves
up. and ihen began that enormous shrink
age of values. It was easy enough to in
flate, but to shrink back again to an active
gold basis was not so easy. There has
been a good deal ot human nature in the
building of railroads. What was ihe stock?
Why, it was the piles that the Directors
drove down to gtt a good, solid founda
tion, on which to put a first-mortgage bond,
and upon this Was a nice debt ou which
to put a second, and, on top of that, bank
ruptcy. usually there were twenty
Directors—five of them wise and fifteen
respectable. Finally, after a course of
collusion with the contractors, and swind
ling of every conceivable nature, the crash
came. But who supposed the Directors
lost any thing? Oh, no. It was the poor
school-teacher, the farmer, lawyers and
doctors who had been led by the religious
newspapers to lake advantage of the ad
rniiable opportunity to sell Government
bonds and invest in Northern Pacific
stock. Even the ministers took some.
Some of them put iu a thousand or two.
He knew it. Never had he appreciated
go fully the words of Paul: “I would thou
wert altogether as I am, save these bonds.”
A Child Choakkd to Death by a
Bean. —. Henry, the bright foury-ear-old
child of James Nortbcote an artest at
297 Baltic street, Brooklyn, saw a spider
on the wall on Wednesday morning.
He called eagerly to his mother to look at
it. She had barely entered the room be
fore her child fell to the floor gasping for
breath. She snatched him up in her
arms, but in a minute he was lifeless.
Dr. Simms and other physicians were
mystified yesterday as to the cause of
death, until, on opening the babe’s wind
pipe, they found it obstructed by a large
kidney Y. Bun
Two girls who stole a dollar from
an Italian in New York have been
sent to the State prison for one year
each. At that rate the man who
steals a hundred thousand dollars
ought to go into seclusion for at least
a year and a half, but he doesn’t
usually.
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NO. 53