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w^mwnT)^”
MB STEPHENS RIDING GUT.
PACKARD WILL VACATE TO-DAY,
Rumors that He is to be Ap
pointed Collector of
j | '/ New Orleans'.
csov. iTjr at jh| whit^,
i niw. M I f
* m w V-/
Packard Frepartnir in Accept the Mt
uatlan.
Washingtnn#April 22. no
vices trom Ne\| (irlcnosjß 1 i ’it 'h.,'
the pacification is absolute. Pack
ard, the best and bravest of his party,
is having his oliye branch festaqned.
Washington, April 23. Mr.
Stephens fodc out to day, and called
on Speaker Randall and Mr. Adams,
Clerk of the House; aiitl tne Presi
dent came to tbtj! portico of the White
H mse and conversed with Mr.
Twimutwd, |n U* ,
riage. iMLwaA meofing of
t heso*g*nil#tiaeti, oOHivetta
tidtr""WHS cmfflTfP'd ter trrplcs of
courtesy. VL3. iJ
Warmouth telegraphs a friend here
that Packard will vacate the St..
, ,1011 > a orr vw.
Rear AdrmraT Treble writes from
Panama, April 10th, affairs in the
Isthmus are peaceful.
The Star says it is among the ru
mors on the street that the Presi
dent will -.ai4>aUiV (3ov, Packard, of
La., to he Collector of the port of
K2| ) f ff'\ "AT
don, had an interview with the Pres
ident to-day. The President seetned
glad to hear how well Georgia was
getting along.
Its status on 'atur^uy
AwPi
will remain i]opse ugtjl,
the trout is are withdrawn, and the.
money allowed by Nickolls js,dh>-
tributed among his men.
will be disbursed by a committee of
thretrftwi fea'eh party, aud will be
handed directify t ho i*en.
The Nt‘\*W%aJis Repa'clcWi cdmj
eludes an article on the situation:
“Gov. Packard has patently waited
day bv day for that aid which accord
ing 11/y|ifii* > r&MiU4?;|t tlie Cod
stihiWftViwWie tjarwjiPsfafffl, ww
Ids unquestionable due. Failing to
receive this aid,bis choice ttow*#3ta
between submission to force and re
sorting to Civil strife. In . such a,
dilemma there is but one course for
and. <suca Govt
Packard ha ( s himself,”
N e\t "Glri.kAftfc, -Af-Wi ■22: “YoSWr+iay
rao§f of the remaining members of
the Legislature, heretofore adhering
to Packard presented themselves to
the NtchollsLegislature at Odd Fel
lows hail and were sworn in.
Five Btuß*>ra/wer r&ua seafydr
leaving ’en'h/ th’ree nbMitlesrrDfrr
m out, VY-JrufieUi -amL. iiuujwss. TlieJ
Senate, pow conso
led, mothbWs-
Of these tMlf IfrffmdCTaTs aTtn
thirteen Republicans; twenty'three
whites and ten negroes.
In the House, ’DejcSte, of’fne Ponr
teenth Legislative DistrietqTOr- and
leans, Seveignes of LafourcKe; Grant?
and I'esmarais of St. Landnt, Cole
of Si. JotpiGSitoro*, HiofclAinK ajjtj j
Comp <4ptvJ##4raj fiikit/PfiJTi'jtUv, <
Burton of Carroll, Warmoth
and Milon of Plaquemines, Bos
ley, of RecK Stiver, 11. M i'AttAaS
of Terrebone, John G. Lewis of
Natchitoches and Louis Souerof
ed thenkselve% and, were, § worn in.
This riifife' irbsem
teeytß-Wit: BfUWß’lffTßTras;mn H
of Jeg'efsoijrDctienn of fttir-Martin.
DiCaJwS-iHe of
Iberville, Davidson of Iberville, Ma
gloire of Avoylles, Leonard of Caddo,
Grecien of the Fifteenth Ward,
Thonnts/4 Bossier,, wad lye&Unp, of
CadflcA, who rion finite to abserft them
selves from the Legislature. With
out these, the Lemslature now ruim-.
bers
and 48 Republicans; 73 whites apd
37
On joint the
islature now -stands 82 Democrats
and 61 Republicans, pr a -Damooratid
majority of 21. ft thq.Qtherabscnt
RefWtrffcfrifs cort¥e“ evurrit ‘will be.
licOMkHat#
Democratic majority of 8.
111.tIMl AMU NATRU.
Washington, April 23.—Blaine says
Ldiie story that. he^int*ryis- ( to intro
■ducA-a iMofaiiorf fiv'the' neat Con
gressquestioning Hayes’election is
the invention of an idiot.
[The following dispatch gives the
bk' lituAie:]V ’
ft an Fbancisoo April 19. —The Argo
nmit, Frank Rixley’s new weekly, will
publish the following to-morrow :
WeautUvrs!ik-aour| which
we hiiueer | reliable,
1 luff tm*frlM litW itrttfte of a
United States Senator, at present here, a
paper of the utmost political importance
to the country, and one which, if all that
is said about it is true, will create such a
sensation as the country has not known
the day of the Bhjctopd Tribunal.,
'Che {viper is nothing nor less than
a oopy of a set of resolutions, which it is
the purpose of Mr. James G. Blaine to
introduce in the Senate at the meeting of
t -.in i mi.. The rMidulion, after
setting forth that there exist, grave doubts
it) thGqifStiiii of a large proportion of the
Americans as to the legality of the final
settlement of Jtlis - Pigrid<it|tii*l qyosUuii,
whiMi resultej iq |he inangtif&tioqjuf Mr.jt
Hayes, go on to say that it is due to tTie
American people, and particularly to the
tniUtoiAS wUo. w Uiie hi lie,viig that lie had
h‘t n fcjriy pefeii'ed yet'Auitept the decis
ion in his favor iiigfcod faitli *to submit
the question to the final arbitration ot the
highest tribunal known to the Con
-tiiution, the Supreme Court of the
United ‘IMP: 'hat ipasmuCh as the
propJCtift! such may he
held w> he a matter of JouutToecause of
the fact that five members of that ttourt
were members of the late Tribunal, there
fore the resolutions propose a grand court
of arbitration, created especially to con
sider all questions that may be brought
before it relating to the legality ol ilr
Haves’ tenure, whether in tile nature ot a
quo warranto or otherwise* and that
said court shall be poinpite-edtof the CBict
Justices of the Supreme Court of each
State in the Union, thirty-eight Judges
to.-alf That portion of the resolution
WBfra pMpoJerlliis court takes the form
of a bill, to which is added the ptovision
rhatmny pr-rson mber thsm the dcfeatctl
candidaieqtuiy taring action to dispossess
•flm incumbent.
FARM ANI M A I.S.
w 'gtffidFA JL
REPORT ON THEIR CONDITION AND
DEATH RATE.
Washington, April 23.—Reports
relative to farm animals, as received
at the Department, qf Agriculture,
show a general exemption from dis
ease, among cattle wjth |g,w ..ejtgcp
tions, nn4 Ji th# jSHT**n4*
%pa¥iffule#B a fid thrift,
in tlie region north of the 36th degree
of latitude. In the milder region,
where shelter is not provided, ema
ciation and (Tenth are not unfrequent
ly reported. In one county of Geor
gia (Twyiqrl d* §* 'W"/V 1
dost. *f4L /4l|‘Kjbßni4,* ,
occasional cases of lung fever are re
ported. From northern latitudes
arid from tjm Byuth are frequent
mention ol similar diseases and local
frpiji bjintj aud
\mjfM and in
tile Mississippi Talley a few"cases of
■ppMHM mm htmmmmmmm - -•■ *-• ■ rrr *'
ennrbon.
Sdfsepare generally in good condi
tion in South Carolina. Flocks are
dying from drought, and in some
[ftace# sold to f{o to OreWh and
Navagas for thirty seven geit# per
head.
The lessessof swine have been very
heavy in the West and South, Baltic-
Jbfp and! vvhvdi will' H fcf/ei
On the great plains not exceeding
7 pet eept. of the rqtQJts indicate
alow condition. Cases of pleurisy l
orpenumpaia hafe occUrbd iu Bur
ungton in N. J., in Baltimore in
Maryland, and Qumborlaud in Bonn
sylvania, cases af abortion are scat
tered t fftough t hedli iry districts in no
greater numbers than usualy d[id.
local ensues are reported in tho south
from des.eases respiting from mitts
rate “un i lack of imuitittn.. Such
losses vary from 2 to 29 ier cent, in
coipt/i -s ni States, and from
k tjr>’4rj prMiewAfn certain counties
in Texas.
* WO"'iWSVftTPITr disease Is reported
am<ig horses; flijld forms‘)flWa- ;
t.-u rhnl disease'. }
Fire In New York.
,Nem’ lioaK. April *23.—A fire was
(iiishovcr'ed'thfe'tfibVfririg ih tho com
posing room of the Journal of Corn■ J
>iMve|ofi SliSver square, extending
from Beaver to Pearl, and before the
m
lower floors, occupied by Purless
Oil Works Cos., Nourse & Brooks,
jarijl ottdfr flrfhs were xluttiuged by
water. The publication rooms and
presses of the Journal of Commerce
were also injured by water. The
loss is estimated at $25.00(1.
The fire in the Jour rial of Commerce
bonding broke ohr, in the editorial
piqms. which^axiUi.Um uampGM.it m a
room, library and fltes back to 1828,
gere
The Ilfvflift 'llafhbr llafanec.
Washington, April. 23.—N0 infor
mation can be obtained regarding
the balance unexpended for rivers
and harbor#. , All p&ragStvphsoß tßi*
matter have been based upon the
favorable hearing accorded to per
sons in -favor Of. ipeoial interests.
The War Department takes special
pains to conceal its intentions.
: -Udy.B>j*V<*>rs vierta* mjrdym to
he tigtiler Mirnher— “O, madame, then
you can put some -vpferf inside.” Two
Mnefe’Vre conversing n i tlie street. One
says: “p, Siipristi; you have made me
laugh and burst riiy dress.’’
COLUMBUS, GA.. TUESDAY MORNING, APRIL 24, 1877.
'THE EASTERN SITUATION.
- - ——
; PREPARATORY MOVES AND PREPARA.
TIONS.
Russian Finances Embar
rassed.
Iteelarntlon ol War F.xprrtert Tn-llnj.
London, Al'trij 23,-tA courier art
rived at Vienna Sunday-night with
Gortschokoff’s circular. It appears
that Russia will delay the develop
ment of her intentions until the 29th
inst., tho Chief reason beiug that her
preparations are not quito complete.
The roads are very bad. It is also
statod Russia finds a larger force is
required v for tho tusk before her than
,slle supposed.
The Sultan, in ease of war, will go
to the Daftubo to command in per
son.
London, April 23.—A Paris dispatch
announces that the Russian consu
late at Karts lias been attacked by
some disorderly Turkish soldiers.
-The inmates were rescued by Turkish
troops, after a slight affray.
A dispatch from Berlin to the
Times says the .Servian semi-official
pressure again exceedingly hostile,
Turkey demands that Servia partic
ipate in tho war.
The actual coqdiUon of the Rus
sian mouey miirket may be taken
from the St. Petersburg Pan-Slavist
(■journal, the Noverjn, recommending
the Government to, raise a heavy
foreign lpap. evan at a, loss of fprty
per cent’, Hither than multiply paper
money indefinitely. Even now the
deprecation of paper is so great and
progresses so rapidly that coin has
riseq four l d. t ix roubles, at the
TVhvort during the last few days.
The rumor of a loan is premature.
There have been negotiations for one,
Jiut nothing will-be absolutely set-'
tied uut.il war is regarded as abso
lutely inevitable.
The Times’ correspondent with the
TiuJtiftft arthv states that) 10,009 men
from Widdin have gone eastward to
the seat of war.
TUb Tones’ Belgrade dispatch has
the following : Despite assertions of
the Ibisslan telegraphic agency that
a imrfeot understanding has been ar
rived at between Russia and Austria
relative to E-istern affairs, there can
|be no manner of doubt that Austrian
*emi-ofiicial organs, which positively
ile&y tMfif e.<laußio bfsucli an udder
staiialrig, are correct, and that Aus
tria reserves to itself absolute liberty
of action, fir * ” S
A dispatch from Paris to the Times
The occupation of by
Itusfeiarttfooi*, wbifch was announced
tor Monday, is confirmed by later
news, finery arrtfngefhent is beiug
iqade to sycure their unobstructed,
liossessiou of dhe Rouuiunian raii
vvay.
' The Russian Telegraphic Agency’s
telegram, dated Huminy evening,
•Suysk The Forte calls on Servia'fur
leave,to*occupy its frontier at Gtado
va to prevent the passage of the Rus
sians.
CONSfANTtNOfiLE, April
Russian charge d'affaires and whole,
staff of . the, Russian Embassy and
Consulate will leave Constantinople
this evening for Odessa, on tho impe
sjiftl yachulliriklia, ? _ v
J BojSD<>n-; April -In the Conf-'
mons, this afternoon, Hon. Robert
Bourka, Under Meerotafy for the
Foreign Department, in reoly to a
.question by Mr. Forster, said a tele
'gram from Mr. Layard had just been
-received announcing that the Russian
charge d’affaires had been instructed
to suspend relations vytUi Turkey;
also a telegram from the Consul at
Ifeucharest, announcing that a small
derachrnentef Russian troops reached
Bucharest this morning.
A rumor prevailed in the Lords and
Cottitoons that the Government had
resolved tq send a fleet to the Suez
caDal, and that Earl Beaconbfield
visited the Queen to obtain Her
Majesty's sanction, (j
London, April' 23.— A limiter tele
gram from Paris to-night state-s that
Piince Otioff, Russian Ambassador,
has received Gortsebakoff’s circular
announcing Russia’# reasons for de
claring war. He proceeded to, the
French Foreign Office at two o’clock
this afternoon to communicate the
circular to Duke de Cases, and,a dec
laration of war was expected tq-dy.
A disi>aich of the Grand Vizier to
Prince Charles, of Roumania, has
produced great imptswsjon. It is
hertgvi*d tliuij Buuftiahia Ttiteuds to
consult the guaranteeing Powers as
to the course she should pursue.
Waile's letter Fiilillslied.
WA.-fuRWbSf; “Aprh 23.—Wane has
-succeeded in finding a publication
Jor his letter attacking Hayes’ South
ern policjAin tjie New Vork Tinpts.
I’hfo'BftMrnor ‘e American sayS of It,:
“It is very bitter and caustic, but the
n-fiter seems to have forgotten that
ciroirnieffomes changed since
jtbe end of the war.’’
Nmall Fox and Cholera.
San FgANdsco, AyrU 24.—The^Ajas
ka bTilutftit 95# Otftrmsq, with snftati
pox. They are quarantined. Small
pox. was epidemic in Hong Kong.
London, April 24. -A dispatch from
Calcutta cs.that A ,s riqmt, out
break of eftohliVfiftl owurrhd ra Ak
jab; ffffyef'geh'lf of % small Europe
an pppnlation dieclin 30 hours.
TKI.F.UIttPHIC MCMNAUY,
t *
London.— Cardinal Vanoelli Cassi
ni, Archbishop of Fernra, is dead.
Washington, —Gov. Colquitt, of
Georgia, is at Willard’s.
Albany.—An examination into the
affairs of the American Popular Life
Insurance Company develops fraud
and perjury on the part of officers.
Rochester, N. Y. —Gen. William E.
Lathrop, aged 83, died Sunday. Ho
wus a prominent Mason for sixty
years and commauderof tlie Grand
Comnmndery of tho State.
Portland, Oregon.— Andrew and
post sutler Moore, of Fort Cauby,
left the mouth of the Columbia for
Astoria in an open boat, which tho
wind capsized. All are undoubtedly
lost.
London. -Tho King of Abyssinia
has released Mr. Mitchell, American.
Omaha—Pioneer block burned ; loss
heavy. Insurance SOO,OOO.
Middletown, N. Y.—Medad F.
Muse, merchant and real estate bro
ker, failed for $120,000.
NuGARA-Travel over the suspen
sion bridge is resumed, the engineers
having pronounced it safe.
New York— A Dublin dispatch to
the Times says Muloahy, a returned
Fenian copvict, has beet) invited to
contest the vacant seat for Tippera
ry. tt is expected that he will com
ply-
Paris M. Thomson, Gambettist, is
elected to the Chamber of Deputies
from Constantine, Algeria.
Mi i p News.
New York, April 23.— Arrived out:
Audrew Jackson, Frigate, Westmoreland,
Regina, John Geddies, Speech, Lea Sulli
van, Sawin, Emma O. Bealdio, Fifi, Kes
perio, Illinois.
V
Special to the Cincinnati Enquirer.]
Ilayes, Blaine, Hale anil Frye.
Washinoton, April 19.—There is
this bit of gossip iu conucction with
the refusal of Eugene Hale, qf Maiue,
to accept the naval portfolio iu the
Cabinet of Hayes. When Hayes,
after his arrival hero sent for Hale
and indicated to him that he would
be pleased to have him iu the Cabi
net, Hale gave liim to understand
that he would take the place. At a
subsequent interview with Hayes,
aud wLiilo the kilter was under tho
impression that Hale would take the
Naval Secretaryship, HayeS indicated
to Hale what would be his Southern
policy, and communicated to
pirn extracts from his inau
gural, which wits at the time
complete iu the rough draft.
Hate thereafter took the earliest oo
oasiou to advise Blaine of ttie pro
posed policy. Blame then called
uu Hayes, and tho laiier told
him substantially what he bad told
Hale. Thereupon Blaine urged Hale
to reconsider his acceptance to go
into the Cabinet, inasmuch as The
policy of Hayes, if adopted, would
blast the youug man’s Senatorial as
pirations, the tiieory being that top
“stalwart” R.-publicans of Maine
would not protect any of its sons who
held a seat iu the councils of the Ad
ministration if its proposed Southern
(policy was curried out. Hale took
Blaine's advice, called at Jotiu Slier
man’s house at night aud declined
thq pface. Hayes .advised him to
still odpsider the tender and open
qtipstiou uutil the day following.
Mertpvvhile Blaiffo wauled to get
one of his' friends, in the office, and,
without advising Frye why hfffHslei
njaily declined, informed him .that
lie ivould urge him for the appoint
ment. Frye had no Senatorial aspi
rations to aiitagontzß His acceptance,.
Blaine then wrote t.n Hayes aud
offered Five as Now England’s rep
resentative. Hayes would not have'
him, und the "Plumed Knight” was
amazed. He begged aud entreated,
'but, Rutherford became “amiably
stubborn,’’ and Blaine correspond*
ingly more “stalwart.”
Soon after the inauguration Fryo
learned why Hale had declined, and
tie, too, became “stalwart” toward
Blaine. Ho considered that if Air.
Blaine thought that Maiue
would refuse to hdnor Hale by ac
cepting a seat in the Cabinet of
Haveff; that it wollid also have tlie
same feeling toward himself, and he
deemed it ingratitude ’till BTaine’s
part to urge him to take an office ho
had advised Hule to decline. lie'
took an early occasion, it will be re
membered, iu a public letter, to let
’t he public know that he felt tho af
front, by stating that Blaine hud
nothing to do with Alorrill’s appoint
ment as thaCollector of the Port of
Portland—an appointment which
Blaine arrogated to his own influence
and importunity. The net results,
hence, of Hayes treatment of Blaine
is that he has arrayed the latter
against him, has set Frye and Blaine
at sword points, and stirred up geu
erelly the element of the Radical
wiipg of the party which Blaine rep
resents."
The Weather for May.
CYCLONES ANli FLOODS'PREDICTED.
The editor of the has,
made some predictions of the weath
t;r for May, and as they may prove
€ ot interest to such of our readers as
are interested in planting, we give
them in full. It is said that this
gentleman’s predictions for April
have thus far proven correct, and this
fact may have an important, bearing
here. Ilis Alay predictions are as
'follows:
If we escape frost during the period,
of April 25-30, we think no further
"danger need be apprehended, as the
two last periods indicated great mod
eration of cold from the Lakes to the
Gulf and from the Atlantic to the
Missi sippi Valley, which covers the
area of our predictions. About May
10 14, cool; probably heavy rains
and storms preceding or following.
About 23-27, cooling wenfcher.'fehow
..eys drid high winds, with storm nidi-'
’cations. Intermediate,Blather vari
able, with sunshftfol Showers, bracing
winds and gusts. Cyclones will pass
over sections of the West and South
during these periods. In the North
floods will repeat themselves, and
from now uptil the last of May there
is great probability of the greatest
flood ever known in the history of
this country.
KIJNG COTTON.
Importance of tho Royal
Commodity to Humanity.
COM FA It ATI VU VIEW OK AMF.BI
CASJ FItOmiCTIOY AMI MAN
IT’ tt l l HE.
*
Friu (he Bale to the Mplmtlr.
From th Now York Heruld.] .lii
The subject of the production of
cotton o{>ens so wide a Held thkt it
is hard to know where to begiu or
cud. Tbero is no other product that
lias had so potent ami ipaligu an in
fluence in the past upon the history
and institutions of the per
haps no other On which its future
material welfare may more depend.
Cotton belongs to this contiuent.
When tile Spaniards first entered
Mexico ttie natives were found to be
clothed in cotton, und the art of
weaving and dyeing had been curried
to a high state of perfection for that
time among them. Then as now the
best anil most prolific varieties of
the cotton plaut existed there, and
the plant is doubtless indigenous in
Mexico. In the United States a cen
tury ago cotton was scarcely known
as un important production, aud not
until the invention of tbeoaw gin by
Eli Whitney in 1792 did it become so;
that invention renewed the life of
slavery. To-day tho United States
furnish till tho cotton used in their
own limits aud iu Canada, and near
ly three-fourths the quantity con
sumed in their own limits and in
Europe combined. There are no
data by which thequautity produced
aud consumed elsewhere can be de
termined accurately, the production
of Asia and Africa being unknown;
but the inhabitants of these two con
tinents are clothed in cotton, to a
very large extent, of their own pro
duction and manufacture.
COTTON MANUFACTURE.
In respect to the cotton manufac
ture tho world may be divided iuto
two sections—thatwhich still adheres
to the hand work, ami which is by
far the largest and most populous
section, aud tbat which uses complex
machinery worked by water or steam
power. It is common to name the
divisions “civilized” and “uncivi
lized”; but if there had been no pre
vious reason for hesitating to apply
these toims, the wonderful exhibition
from China and Japan at Philadel
phia might wall teach us a lesson in
modesty.
Among the machine-using nations
it may, perhaps, be rightly claimed
that the Uuited States take the lead,
not that we can assert superiority in
all, or perhaps in any, Special ma
chines, but that .our people adopt
machinery more quickly than others,
anil affapt it to a grtarer variety of
purposes. The object of this paper
is to mark the progress we have mad*
in tlie cultivation of cotton and in the
application of machinery toils tnatm
fitciVirii, and also to forecast tttfe work
wo may have yet to do.
comparative importance, of fabrics.
Among the three horhmon fibres—
wool, flax and cotton-which consti
tute the principal materials for the
human race, cotton is the most im
portant, because it is reaffy for treat
ment by machinery as soon as it is
gathered ; because its conversion into
cloth is least costly, and because its
ufeo for clothing is most conducive to
health iu respect to the largest por
tion of the population of the world.
It Isa non-conduotor of heat and of
elc.eUicily, while liax is this reverse;
it is easy to spin because nature be
gins to twist it in tho boll, and each
fibre Is like a twisted ribbon—a little
thicker at the edges than in the mid
dle-heqce the fibres interlock and
.adhery. to each other to their very
points. Tho great inventions In cot
ton spinning have not been in the
twisting, which is a comparatively
simple matter whether compassed
upon one spindle or many, hut in the
extension of the strand both before
and after t he twisting begins.
processes of preparation. , ,
The processes applied to tho fibre
to convert the bale of eottou iuto
yarn for weaving arc of three kinds
first, to clean and straighten the
fibres and lay them alongside each
other in a thick and heavy strand;
second, to extend, thatstranil with a
constant doubling of two or more
ends into one, in Order to got the
strand even; and third, to combine
the further extension and doubling
of the strands with the twisting. The
extreme accuracy required in the
working of the machinery will be
best appreciated front the faot that
the No. 14 yarn, of which tho coarse
standard sheeting is made, weighs
sixty-hundredths Of a grain to one
yard, while the yarn in a common
lawn of which a woman’s summer
dress is made, No. 70, weighs twelve
hundredths of a "grain. It follows
that ail the cofoplex machinery and
the twelve to fifteen processes
through which tho cotton roust pass
from the balo to the spindle are
worked Within the limit of about half
h gruin in the result, tho two num
bers named representing substanti
ally the whole cotton spinning of the
United States. The number indi
cates the number of skeins or hanks
of 480 yards each in one pound avert
dupois, or 7.U00 Troy grains, the cot
tou spinner's tables beiug based on
Troy grains and averdupoiS ounces
and pounds.
If we consider our production of
cotton in the light of a service ren
dered, wo then find that it stands,
first in rank among the material sert'
vices which we render to humanity.
In the cotton factories of Europe and
the United States there are a little
over 08,000,000 spindles, worked by
aboirt l.uOtV.oiK) men, women and chil
dren. In ttie operation of these spfn
idles a little rpore than 6,000.000 bales
gotton, average weight of American
bales, are annually converted into
10,000,000,000 yards of cloth, averag
ing qpe yard wide aud four yards tq>
aipoupd, or ten pounds to a piece of
forty yards, or intiJlhe eqirivalent qf
such cloth in other fabrics. As near
a* tile writer can ascertain, the fab
ric called by the trade a .four-yard
sheeting Is about tlie average fabric
made on the cotton spfndfoS of the
world. In this country the average
would be heayiert in Great Britain
ligtitipr. The fabric made by the
Lawrence Manufacturing Company
knmvri as LL. Is a representative of
this average.
This quantity of cjqth would fur
nish 500,000,000 persona five pounds
or twenty yards each aisaualty. Of
| the 6,000,000 bales cotton the TTnltod
, .States now furnish about 4,&0u,U0(> in
each year, and opr proportion is year
! by year iucreasiug, The eight last
orops, raised by tho labor of freed
i men, exceed tlie eight last crops be
fore our ejvil war, then raised mainly
1 tiy the labor of slaves, iu tho number
l or more tliau 1,500,000 bales. If then
; it is a service to men to provide for
| them the largest quantity of the ma
: terial that best meets their need for
clothing, In this one respect our rank
i is nAsured.
AMERICAN C’ALABILITIES.
i Then Ivt us mark tlie extent to
which wo have yet trenched upon our
resources, in this production less
than two per cent, of the urea of the
(cotton States ate' rfotv used. What
we tnay yetacnotnplish may he better
I comprehended bv considering the
condition o[ a single Sovlp, We will
! select Texas as being tRe State now
i making the most rapid progress in
ooptiiatimi, {Trodnction and wealth.
Few person* can reultzo the facts in
regard to this great State except by
comparison. In area it exceeds the
German Empire by about 60,000
square miles; it has land and climate
fitted for the growing of almost all ttie
products of the temperate zone; it is
underlain to a large extent with coal'.
But, in respect, to cotton, on less than
one-half pec eeuLof its area it last
year produced ono-half of all the
cotton consumed in the pnited States,
and four per cent, of its area would
bo capable of producing all the cotton
now consumed iu Europe and the
United States, or 6,(WO,000 bales.
Whenever' the fertile land of Texas,
which constitutes nearly three
fourths its area, is settled with the
same density of population ns Mas
saghusettS-oue person to each three
acres—it, will contain nearly 40,000,-
oon people.
Under what conditions is this work
of cotton production now accom
plished or yet to he done? No longer
b>ktbe forced labor of the slave Upon
the plantation, but by the
labor of freemen and largely
of freeholders on the farm. In most
of the States where it is now grown,
cotton constitutes the salable or
money crop, of the farmer, who, in
othor respects, is becoming entirely
independent as to his subsistence.
Raising food and meat, to a greater
extent than ever before, the South
ern farmer still finds in cotton the
means werewith to furnish himself
with money for .oilier purchases.
Cotton being therefore more and
more the .surplus crop or profit of the
farmer as distiguished!frotu the plan
ter of old time, it becomes more diffi
cult to determine its cost, its annual
quantity until each year’s crop has
been actually delivered,! or the price
at which its production will be
checked. In Texas, the State that
has increased its crop about eighty
per cent, over the largest ante-war
crop, by far the largest portion is
now raised by farmers owuing their
ow’n lands. Her last erOp was near
ly 700,000 bales, and wit,bin one or
two years at farthest it will be.1.000,-
000, mostly cultivated .by white la
bor. i . \
&ost or Production.
In answer. to a very extended in
quiry lately made the writer has re
ceived estimates of the cibst of the
production of cotton rangiog from
six to fifteen cents "per pouud, the
latter cost, however, having been
given by one who on Out) acres of
land made oqly four bales the previ
ous year. The general range of the
estimates of cost Were six to ten ceiits.
lint one answer to the question of
cost was the most siguilicaut. Oue
said"l have a nephew tweuty
years of ago wh6, without the least
detriroentto his schooling, and work
ing Batuniays, produced four, bales
of cotton.” it may be asked what
did this Iftd’s cotton cost to produce?
The avebrtge estimate of cost is nine
and six-tenth cents per pound; those
who give ■ the higher rates basing
rboir estimates upon the purchase
Of provisions tit present prices: those
who giVe the estimates of six to seven
cCuta basing them upon provisions
being raised on th same farm. The
siguuJcaLit fact jn all tho estimates
is that/the lowest come from Texas,
Norh|Carollna nndlGi-orgla, which are
essentially fanning States, while the
highest come from Mississippi and
Loirtsiana, the States which wore
formerly pkf htmtmce tne donntry
of the large planters.
IMPROVEMENTS. - ' "
According to these returns, "the
centennial year is also marked
by greater .improvements.than over
before ih"the sdlectioh of seed, In
the improvement Of tpols, in the use
of fertilizers and tlie average crop
per acre, positive evidence having
been given ot the production of 2,500
pounds of lint or clean cotton on a
single moasured acre in Georgia. It
was not eluitncd that th“s had not
beon or could be profitable, but it is
significant of the that
arc being tried in many places. The
average estimates of profitable work
range from 400 to 1,000 pounds of
litit or clean cotton per acre, accord
ing to the quality of the soil and the
kind of work dobe Or tho fertilizers
used. Tlie last ten ycafs have also
witnessed the conversion fif the feced
of the cotton plant into many dscful
articles but tittle known before.
Iff respect to tqe estimates; of the
cosf of raising eottou it does not yet
appear that any very accurate data
exist under the new system ;, "skillful
men, who, immediately after the
war, feared,utter'.rifin unless the
price could bo maintained at 20 cents
per pound, now admit having made
a fair profit at 10 cents per pound. It
may be doubtful whether the cpst
minever be defined. If the farmer
can raise an urn pic supply of grain,
vegetables, mOat and fruit, fort sub
sistence; and can also produce more
qr less cotiton for sale, the cotton
represents profit or sutpltis rather
than cost, and under such circum
stances its production would not
cease, although ft might bo chocked,
qven If it should decline to six or
eight cents per pourid.
OLD AND NEW METHODS.
Tito future increased productiontft cot
ton in the United States and tiiqtime witht
in which our staple will take the piece qf
all Inferior grades is, therefore, only a
question of numbers and intcllig-ncc. In
respect to intelligence" It is not to bq
questioned that the planter of old time
had fur more skill’ than” tnatr# of ihie far-;
men? of the present day,' but the system
of labor to which that skiff wis applied
imposed bad conditions thht would Dpt
be surrrtqtttficd, and it erfforted the use of
tVmlg and methods unfit for the putposC.
These methods may have assured prosper
ity to thq frtv at the cost ormapy, Bpt it
was the high price aqd not. the low, price
of cotton 'that limited the extension or
the crop. Twenty ycaft since evp/y bale
tbat cotilfl fie iimrifc by the fbfoe then upon
tbocoilon field wiis required for use; A ltd
under (lie: steadily ydvaucing {Mice the
capital needed for opening new field* us
steadily incieftsed with tlie advancing
price of slaves, urftn/hi 1860, !t cost ITlty
per Cent more to tmy and stock a cotton
plantation to raise the cotton lur given
factory than it did to build tliu mill Rml
fill it with machinery. All this has chang
ed and in the five years last passed more
(ban a million persons have migrated fr.Mii
other States or from'aboard to the fertile
lands ol Texas, and tho independent free
holder Will only be pervcitted from mak
ing more and more cotton each year by
the low pr}pe ami not by tlie high prta:
ilmt It may bring. That no such check
is very near may presently be mado 'ap
■jianettti jfci m *.UO yX tnoil swr
IMPROVEMENTS needed. ,
In nge respect great improvement is
needed, and but little has yet bean madq,
Tlie separation of the lint from the 'seed
is the process that should be most fitly
accomplished, but vvfflcli is now most
ruddy done. Tlie Ixst saw gin bf the
usual cnnstnictkm, unless moat carefully
attended, tours, breaks, doubles and other
wise hiuircs the staple, and but a small
proportion of the chiton now made is de
livered to the spinner fn the ‘ best condi
tion. Two new notion gins were'exhibit
ed at Philadelphia, which promise excel
lent results—the roller giu made by Mes
srs. Plivtt Brp9. <jt Cij., of England, aud
ttie needlepoint gin made by the Messrs,
iteming ton, of Hiatt) N. Y, If these ma l
chmesoan he made to produce quantity
ill into lu tin- quality of the staple which
they deliver, their wide introduction can
not be frmg dtdayed. '
PACKING, ACi
- *►
The method of {nycking, covering auit
handling cotton in the United Stages is
now unfit in the extreme, arid As 4fie com
petition becomes greater with declining
prices it ie to be hoped and expected that
that better methods will be adopted. At
present it is alleged Hiat it is not profita
ble to attempt better methods, bnt tile
time cannot be far distant when' tho bale
of cotton will boas carefully prepared
and protected as Urn bale of cotton, fa
brics., Such care and attention, was for.
merly impossible. It must tic remember
ed that the slave system repelled and de
graded free labor; its main effect was
never more tersely ex pressed than by Hen
ry A. Wise, of Virgin! a*who said, "The
negroes skin the land and the white, men
skirt the negroes.” But all lids hasriiass
cd by, and me professor fff k South fkiroli
na college who was sent out of the State
because be said, whqn the ordinance of
secession was presented to him, "This is
not what South tflfoJTna' wants—she
needs manure,’' fa’now enrgitgedliV provi
ding that valuable commodity, being at
the head of oue of the large works sl>>-
iished sipce the war fur converting the
plldoplldtic rofcks that underlie larr coast
lands in to tlie material that hef exhausted
suit so huleh required.j ('• ” '■< -•*
’ (iff 1 THB-oPol) TrMK OOMlN(!:V‘t !'
W-rtli local seif government assured and
the colored race fully protected by tlie
SBSgent competition fqrjthpir labor, it can
uOl now lie doubted that the fertile soil
and liie mrfd Cifftorte of the South Will
Siam it tract to other portions as large an
iiinwigi'Aliiou as is now pouring into Tex
as ; anil iw ncvubranches of industry are
established aiul a more dense population
glows up or comes in, even thotigh the
negro should quit the fields and take '.to
oilier occupations in towns and vibuges,
as it is alleged be will do, tbuns c.[ia be su
dodbtof the continued increase of the,
ootson crop.
Mlitloniutlc View or the LukUtii aUuu
a-wti lutti ruiMVlod 1o *
Washington, April 21.—1 t is tlie
impression at'tho State Department
and in diplomatic ''Cif’cles generally;
that immediately• rtpon the- pub
lication of the Vtar'if manifesto ,at
Bucharest y esterday, a rigid censor
ship ever miiifary new's .was estfib-
Hfh&d’lup the Russian Iwes. It is
thought that the long expected move
ment pr Russian troops across the
Prufji really began this morning,
but that, in Consequence of this cen
sorship of the news is kept secret.
Privatodigpatohea received at odl
of the Europeau legations this even
ing indicates that the Turks will
take advantage of the Russian viola
tion of the neutrality of Roumania to
address another circular to the West
ern {lowers, requesting them to de
mand an armfßtitje from Russia for
the purpose of reopeirtttg negotia
tions; butthuse well informed, as to
the views which prevail at the Rus
sian Embassy, say that such a move
ment on the flaTt of Turkey
would be only a plaosibl#
pretext to gain time: they say fur
ther that the Turks are anxious to
fight, but that the Czar has moved
3ouh earifer than they expected--
thus eatebiog them in an incomplsta
state of preparation. Their flotilla
in tho Danube needs more men aud
more ammunition, and is udder the
process of being armed with new
guns. Their army is scattered
through Western Turkey, aud ou ap.
count of trio deficient transportation
could ncft be massed along the Dan
ube in time to meet theßussiaDS,
should the latter push forward rapt
idly through Rou.uauia. Od this ac
count Russia will rCjeet Any applica
tion for an armistice, and will nSf
listen td any overtures from Turkey
or from the other Towers until the
Russian army is quartered in Bui-,
gafia. ‘ • Buell.
ill! ! —*!—,’r ■ . ■ .- -: "G* g*’
Important to Bondi older*.
Comptroller General's Office, I
Atlanta, G*. ( £prU 17, 1877. ><
To the Tar Receivers of Georgia,!
All SLatq bonds, quy hyMrt W*w,
bonds,, railroad bonds, and all o.her
kinds of bonds whatsoever (except
United States hoods and State
bonds issued in 1873, known as Nut
ting bonds), held qr owned either for
thetfiselvgs or as agent, or guardian,
or administrator, or executor, or oth
erwise, on the first day-'of April lest,
must be returned for .toxaticnT- [see
pages 5 and 8, Pamphlet of
AH agents selling guaf6 totSst re
turn for taxation: all guauo, goano
notes or accounts on hand ftreV dav
of April last—[see same iwges of
Instructions.] " *'
Money is often transferred otit of
the Htate qn;tha first day of April to
avoid returning same for taxation.
sssa&wsr'" ■ “
Plahse give special attention to the
llWJaig 107 4sidJ Win
of instructions. “
Very resppafe&iHyvif to *o
W. L. Goldsmith, . •
Comptroller General.
NO. 97