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.’THESESQUI-CEiS'rENi'HAL.
GOV STKDHEHS' ADDRESS
JNTBCDI’I ED BY GENERAL JACKSCN.
At the close of the prayer, the
presiding uffi t-r, Gem rai Henry R.
Jaokson on whom the honorable du
ty ol introdu’iug the orstor, arose,
and advance g said :
Friends from abroad and from
other state., who assist in the cele
bration of thi- mtdvi rsuy; and yen,
men aid women of Georgia. who
have gathere together, like children
on the mother’s uaial day, in behalf
of the organ.zation, whose reprt emu
lative I am, I b.d you wtleome!—
thrice welcome to alt! I congratu
late you upon the auspicious smile
which material nature wears. I con
gratulate y>u upon the exhtlatatiug
presence <"f eo much or the beauty,
and manhood, and distinction of
Georgia, 1 cungratula e all up n the
iact that the governor ®f the state
is the orator of the day. Hippy, in
deed, the state that is governed by a
son so illu-trious! Fitting indeed,
that the spirit of t his occasion should
speak through him I
THE ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR STEPHEN'S.
At the conclusion of Gen. Jackson’s
eltquent introduction. G vernor
Stephens, seatid in his chair, was
rolled to the front or th- stage iu full
view of the immense audience, amid
cheers and enthusiastic appl u e.and
delivered th- following »d tress:
Georgians, Ladies. Gentlemen and
Fellow Cit izens of sister states, who
honor these ceremonies by your pres
ence, to all a cordial welcome is ex
tended.
It needs no public announcment
that this is no ordinny occasion.
These displays,these processions,this
outpouring of the pe tple in your
s'reets, civic and military, tries.'
lligs, binte-s and military array
coming from the mountains to the
seaboard, this grand pageant of sym
bolic representations, ail sur
roundings deeply impress upon the
minds of the old as well as the
young, the truth tnat something
of an unu-ual character has callee
the as-emblage of th s vast multi
tude. It is in commemoration of the
anniversary of Georgi »’s natal day,
as well as of the founding of this
beautiful and proepei oua citv. In the
lives of states, commonwealths ami
nations, as in the lives of individu
als, there are important epochs,
which from time immemorial hive
been kept iu memory and perpetua
ted by prep r demonstrations. These
epochs iu s a e-and nations usually
come alot g >n centuries and half cen
turies. O. eceoturv and a half ago
on this day, the 12th of E bruary,
1733, Ihe first settlement oitht col
ony of Georgia, which has since be
come oue f the great states of the
Federal Union, which now stands
among the foremost in the nations
oi the earth, was planted on the bluff
near which weaie now assembled.
We, therefore, on ties occasion, cel
ebrate the anniversary of the day of
their landing, as tne descendants of
the pilgrims or Mass ichuset s cele
brate the lancing of their forefathers
on Plymouth Ruck, December 22d,
1620.
Oir object on this occasion is to
celebrate and to honor, rot only the
founders of the colony, but the prin
ciples upon which our m-titu'ious
weT- base I. When I’ rices deliver
ed his gtand historic funeral oration
over the Athenians who had sabeu
in the first year of _ trie Petopone-ian
war, he dwelt mainly upon the in
stitutions of A hens, c vi: and mili
taiy, for- h munt-nance of which
th- se patriots mid offered up their
lives upon the altar or their country,
and 'oshow t > their suivivers and to
the world that the cause io which
they had fallen was worthy of the
sacrifices made.
We might on this occasion com
pare th" institutions wfa ch our fore
fathers frame 1 and reared with those
of Athens, with a perfect confidence,
that in ail hat eoobles mankind, and
secures ‘he biguest order of eiviliza
lion, ours would suff r nothirg by
the comparison. Time does not al
low, even if my strength permitted,
m- to indulge in this comparison
Suffice it to say that we o bon rto
curselves in honoring the memori-s
of our forefatm rs. Well mav Massa
chusetts honor t he name ot Winthrop
Ntv Hampshire her M ason and
Garg’s C mnecticut net D v np -rt,
Maryland her Lord Baltimore, her
founder and ’he pi >neer of religions
freedom; Rhode Island b-r Roger I
Will a ms, who planted bis li tie coio-1
ny upon principles of s< ui liberty in [
mattersof «or-bip;Pernsyivnn a ho I
renawned founder William Peon; I
Virginia of b-r Martin Frobisher
and her romantic and renowned Jas.
Smith; North Carolina of her R -
leigii, whose name will go down to
posterity with imperisuatle fame.
But we of G-orgia, with
out disparagement to the toundeis of
the other c don es of t'e Union,
cia’m that none stand high r d -setv
ediy in the roll of sub un try imm<>r I
tality than those who planned found-1
ed, nurtured and rear' d toe colony i
of Georgia, th -voung-sc of tnesb- 1
ternuod, tbeleadrr and projector of;
weich was James Oglethorpe. Cic-ro I
said: “Neque emm rs' ullar-’s, idqih
propiusai deorum numen virtue. ae-1
condere rar s ant cons- rvar j m
condi’as”—”F r there is noth ng iu
human virtue which more n-arly ap
proaches divine power than in fmv d
ing new s’ ’e= and in preserving
those airead . found'd ” This is true
of Moses, of Solon, of Lycurgus in
ancient davs, as well as Baltimore,
Roger Wdiiam=, P°r>n and our own ,
Ogletborp". Wi’hout any di-par-ga-,
m-nt to ether found-rs of colonies
on this conrin n', we may justly
claim that Ogletm-rp", in all that
constitutes the great warrior, civilian
and statesman, stands read and
shoulders above them all. His colony*
was founded upon principles very •
i different from thoss founded by
others.
In speaking of the colony formed
' by Oglethorpe, it has been well said
bv B shop Stev. ns, one of Georgi »’s
ablest his onans. that "it was tte
first colony ever sou d d by ch irity.
New England had b ens ttle 1 by
Puritans who fled thither for con
science sake; an I New Yoik by a
i company of merchants and adven-
I tuns in search of gain ; Maryland by
I pains's retiring from Protestant in-
!tolerance; Virginia by ambi'ious
cavili:rs; Carolina by the scheming
of visionary Shaf sbury, and others
for priva e aims and individual ag
grandi-ement; but Georgia was
planted by he hand of benevolence
and reared into being by the adven
turous nurturing of disinterested
charity.”
This is stric'ly true. The founding
of Georgia was prompted mainly bv
benevolence end humanity, and the
principles on which it was found 'd
has no parallel in the history of the
world.
Just here it may not bs out of place
to call special attention to some of
the features of the first organic law,
which may be regarded the Magna
Charta of Georgia, for, from it have
sprung al those achievements of
which we may justlv feel eo much
pride. The charter was, belt remem
hered, granted bv George the 11.. of
England, on the 9th day of June, 1732.
Its provisions, however, emanated
from our great founder himself, and
were inspired by him from beginning
to end.
The first section of that charter,
which ought to be thoroughlj’ im
pressed upon the minds of all Geor
gi ms, young as well as old, is in
these words:
"Whereas, We are credibly in
formed that many of our sut jects are
through misfortunes and want of em
ployment, reduct d to great necessity
inasmuch as by their labor they are
notable to provide a in tintenance tor
themselves and families; and If they
had means to def: ay their charges or
P ssage, and other t xpenscs incident
to n< w settlements, they would be
glad to settle in any of our provinces
in America, wh re by cultivating the
lands at present waste and desolate,
they m ght n -tonly gain a comfort
able subsistence tor themselves and
families, but also strengthen our col
onie-, and increase the trade, naviga
tion and wealth of these realms.
And whereas, our provinces in
N >rlh Ami rica h ive been fre
quently ravaged by Indian
enemies, more especially that
of South Carolina, which in the
late war by the neighboring savages
was laid waste by fire and sword, and
g eit numbers or the Engdsn inhab
itants miserably massicted, and our
loving subjects who t.ow inhabit
there, by reason < f tlie smallness of
their numbers, will, in c ise of a new
war, b exoos-d to the like calami
ties, inasmuch as their whole Soutn
-rn frontier continues unee’tled and
lieth open to said s>vag stand
whereas, we think it highly b com
ing our crown and royal dignity to
protect all our loving subjects, be
hev never s > Distant from us, to ex
tend our fati erly comet s-i >n even to
th , m am st ami most infatuate of
our people, and to relieve the wants
■ r our abuVd mentioned poor sub
j >cts:; and that it will be trgtily cm
ducive for accomplishing those ends,
that a r- mil ir colony ot the said poor
people be settled end ent ib i-h d in
theS uthern territoiies of Carolina;
and wi er> as. we have been well as
sured that if we would be graciously
pleased to er<-ct and ee tie a corpora
tion for the receiving, managing and
iep sing of the c >niributiotis of our
loving subjects divers per-one w ul !
be induced to contribute to the per
poses aforesaid. Know ye, therefore,
hat we have, for the consideration
aforesaid, and for the better and
more orderly carrying on the said
good purposes of our special grace,
certain knowledge and mere motion,
willed, ordained, constituted and ap
poitited, and by these, presents f r us,
our heirs and euccessors, do will, or
dain, constitute, declare and grant,
that our right, trusty and w -11 belov
ed John Lord Viscount Percival, of
out Kingdom of Ireland, ournusty
and well beloved Edward Digby,
George C rpenter,James Oglethorpe,
George Heathcote, I homas. Tower,
R bt Moore, R >bt. Hacks,R tger Hol
-1 and, Wm. Sioper. Francis Eying, Jno.
Laroche, Jimes Vernon. William
B ietba, A. M , Join Barton,
B D , Ricba'd Bundy, A. M , Arthur
Bnaioid, A. M., SamuelSmlib, A. M.,
Adam Anders >u and Thomas
Cochram, arid -u h other persons as
shall be elected in the manner here
inafter mention d, and their success
ors to be elected iu the manner here
inafter directed, be.and shall be one
body poli ie and corporate, in deed
and in name bv the name of the true
tees for establishing the colony of
Georgia in America.”
From this it will be seen that the
leading idea projected by Oglethorpe
in the establishment of the cokny in
Georgia was tor the benefit ot the
poor and landless in England, and
also, >s wi 1 be seen fur her on for
the relief ot those who were suffering
from unjust persecutions in other
countrie s on account ot the religious
iatth.
A low me to call your a’ten ion to
another important part ot the char
ter
“And our further will and pleas
ure ie, that no president of the said
co poiati ->n < r chairman of the com
mon council of the said corpora ion,
by ns by tbps'* presents appointed, or
heteatter Hom time to time to be
elected and appointed in manner
aforesaid, shall nave, take or receive,
dir ctly or indirectly, any salary,
fee, perquisite b-mefit or profit
w rats'ever, for or by reastn of his
or tnetr s -rving 1 he sai 1 corporation,
or common c urn-il o' the said cor-;
oration, or pr stdent, chairman, or
common couneiiman, or as t e ng a;
member of the said corporation.
And our will and pleasure is, that I
the paJd hnr-inhef'jre appointed'
pi aid nt, chairman or common'
councilman, b l' ie tie and th*y act
reep-ctively es eueb, “ball severally |
take an oath or the tai: hful and duet
(Xecution of iheir tru-t, ’o be admin
istetel to the president bv the chief
baron of urccu:tof exchequer, for
th- tim being, and by the p e-ident j
cfs aid co-p mti m to the r- st of the
common conn- il, who are hereby
auti o r z d s-v-rady and rtspec fully
to adminis er rLe same,”
“And our will and pka ; U’e is tha’
all an'', every per.-on or prisons shall
have, in his or their own mine or
names, or in the name or names or
any person er persons in trust for
him or them, or for h;s or her bene
fit. any office, place or employment
of profit, under the said corpoia'ion,
shall be incapable ot being elected
GOLUMBUS, GA., THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 15, 1883.
a member of s rid corporation ; and if
any member of the said corporation,
during such time as he shall c mtinue
a member theior, shall iu his own
name, or in th- 1 name of any person
or person in tiu?r‘for him, or for iiis
benefit, have, h Id, excretes, accept,
' possess or etij'y anv office, place or
! emp oyment of profit, under trie said
' corporation or under the common
; council of the said corporation, such
I member shall from the time of his
i having, holding, exercising, aecept-
I ing, pos-ess ng and enjoying such
I office, place and employment of
| profit, cease to be a member of said
corporal im.”
io-
This was a feature never before in
corporated in any charter for the
s -tnemtnt of any colonies in this
county, it was a novel feature; it bad
bi en unheard of in the history of the
world ; in all the other colonies, not
excepting Lord Baltimor>s’, and
Penn, and those of North and South
Carolina, the founders of the. colo
nies were interested as proprietors
in the disposition bf tha soil. Geor
gia, was to be the poor man’s coun
try; it was to be a settlement for
those destitute as lands. Neither
Ogl u hori e nor any man connected
with the colony was to be in any way
interested, or receive any fee or re
ward, and in case at any time any of
them should become interested, tueir
oflftes were to be void.
Agtin, I may be pardoned for call
ing attention to another clause in
that charter:
"And we do hereby,for us, our heirs
and successors, ord itn, will and es
tablish that tor and during the term
of twenty-one years, to commence
from the date of these, our letters
patent, the said corporation assem
bled for that purpose, shall and may
form and prepare laws, statutes and
ordinances fit and necessary for ail
concerning the government, of the
said colony, and not repugnant to the
laws and statutes of England, and the
same shall and may present, under
our common seal, to us, our heirs
and successors, in our or their privy
council, for our or their approbation
or disallowance; and the said laws,
statutes, and ordinances being ap
proved of by us, our heirs and suc
cessors. in our or their privy council,
shall from thenccf’ith be in full
force and virtue within our said
province or Georgia, and our further
will and pleasure is,and wedo hereby
tor us. our heirs and successors, de
clare and grant that it shall and may
be lawful lor the said common coun
cil, or the major part of them assem
bled for that purpose, in the name of
our corporation and under the com
mon s tai, to distribute, convey, as
sign and set over such particular
portion of lands, tenements and
hereditaments by these presents
granted to the said corporation unto
such (dour loving subjects, naturally
born or den zens or others that snail
tie willing to become our subj ct.s an I
live under our allegiance in ihe snd
cdony, upon such terms and for such
estates, and upon such rente, reserva
tions and conditions as the same may
be lawaitly granted, and as td" the
s-iid common council or the maj r
pirr. < f tht m so pn sent, shall seem
fit and proper. Provided, always,
that n > giants shall be made of any
pirt of the said lands unto any per
son being a member of the said cor
p nation, or io anv other person in
t ust for the benefit of any member
of the said corporation ; and that no
person having any estate or interest
in Jaw or < quity in any part of the
said lands shall be capable of being
i. member of the said corporation,
during the eontinuanceof such estate
or interest.”
The lauds which were thus granted
to these trustees consisted of tha
magnificent domain "which lies from
the most t orthern part of a stream,
or river there, commonly called the
Savannah, all along the seacoast to
tbesuithward unto the most south
ern stream of a certain other great,
water or river, called the Altamaha.
and westwardly from the heads of
the said r vers respectively, in direct
tines to the South seas; and all mat
shore circuit end precinct of land
within the said boundaries, with the
islands on the sea lying opposite to
the eastern coast of the said lands
wi'hin twenty leagues of the same.”
The word “westward, etc., in direct
lines to the South seas,” was meant
due westward indefinitely.
In the charter, as just cited, ample
provision is mad , which to the letter
and spirit was fully carried out in
the establishment of courts, organiz
ation of the militia, protec ion ot life,
liberty and property, with all the
shields of tha common law of Eng
land.
Oglethorpe, who was himself a
member at parliament at the time,
immediately organized the corpora
tion, who entered upon the discharge
of their high trust. '£he common
seal they adopted was significant,
and should be perpetuated. On one
side was a group of silkworms at
their toils, wi’h the motto: "Non si bi
re 1 t. Ilia. They were working not for
tbemslves but for others.”
Under the provisions of the charter
Oglethorpe soon rrganized counts
and'rial by juries, the surest of all
bui w:rks of liberty ; and it may not
be out of place here to say that the
first jury ever impaneled in the col
ony of Georgia was selected »' d
sworn in on the 17 h day ot Ju1y,1733,
and was cornr osed ofSam’l P >rker,
I'bos. Long, Jos. Cole, Jno. Wright,
Jno. Wes 1 , Timo'hv Bowling, J •hn
Milledge, H-ntyClose, Walter F jX,
Jno. Gtadv. Jis' Cmnel and R ch’d
Cinuon. One cf these, J ha Mil
iege, became the founder of a family
of descendants who has shod luttre
upon the subsequent history ot the
sta e. One oi these deFC’bd m s was
a very distingu shed G-tvermr. The!
se st of the stategovernment bore h:s !
na ne for upwards or a century, it
was not if til after the late w-rtha*
th" seat of government was moved
from Milledgevtlie to Atlanta, The ,
family on this occasion is represent i
ed by Colonel John Miiledge, Jr., of
A I anta.
But the most important rfali the
features of ’he chart r to whi h your
attention has been called, is ia these j
w r's:
"Pr vided. also, that no greater
quauti’y or lauds be granted, either
entirely or in parcels, to or for the
u-e of any oue i e r son. than five hun
dred acres; and that all print' made
contrary to the triieiment and mean
ing h rsof st all ba ab oiutely tu 1
anl void.” This land policy thus
fix"d tn th" charter of our c donv was
that feature wnicb. aboveall others,
has marked the history in the devel
opment and prosperity of Georgia
Io the v-ry charter monopolies in
Lnd were forbidden, and the dec
laration made "that all such grants,
if made, should be utterly null and
void.” This policy in Georgia thus
formed, in what I have styled her
M igna Charta, continued and has
continued fr m that day to this.
Many attempts and enticing allure
ments wet" held out. to get Gaoigia
to deviate from this policy, especially
after the acquisition t f the territory
soii'h of the Attain ilia by the treaty
of P iris in 1763. Geotgia, on this ac
quisition, extended westward to tne
Mississippi. In 1764 most earnest
appeals wore male to Governor
Wright and the General Assembly
i for large grunts of land in
section of the country to an
org'U Z’d company, at the head ot
wnieti stood Douys Rolles, a gentle
man of high family and position in
England. This company endeavored
assiduously and most importunately
to purchase an extensive tract on the
southern side of the Altamana.
Many enticing inducements accom
panied their offer and eflLris, but the
beguiling temptation was sternly re.
jected. Soon after this Alex wider
Montgomerie, tenth Eirl oi Eglin
town, witho’hers presented a peti
tion to the King in council, setting
forth a proposition by whicn a large
grant of lan 1 should be made to
them. They offered a guarantee that
in the event ot the favorable recep
tion of their petition one hundred
thousand sett I rs would come to and
occupy the territory asked within
the course of five years. This prop
osition was likewise rejected. After
the acquisiton of territory from
tie Cherokees by the treaty
of Augusta iu 1774, the
same lauded policy in regard
to it was pm sued, When the “he id
right” laud courts were open: d in
Augusta and Petersburg to dispose
of this purchase, as it was called,
more than three thousand applicants
for "head rights” appeared the first
day. The landless of other colonies
and other countries, apprised of the
policy ot Georgia, flocked thither iu
great numbers for the purpose of se
curing a permanent home, with the
ownership of the soil for themselves
and families, almost literally with
out. money and without price. This
policy on the part of the founders
was the chief cause of her rapid
growth while in a colonial status. It
put the crown of industrial glory on
her head and the rock of conscious
independence beneath her feet.
In only one instance in the history
of our state has this attempt to cause
Georgia to deviate from the polar
star of net landed policy bsen even
temporarily successful. That was in
thematt"T of'.he celebrated Y z>o
sale in 1791 Speculators induced by
corrupt tn* ans the Georgia legisla
ture to dispose of vast tracts of land
on the Yazoo river in Mississippi,
which tiien belonged to Georgi i.
This is one of the m ist memorable
epochs in our history. This utternp
thus to east a foul b ot, up >u the es
cutehe'inol 1 thes ate was most signal
ly defeated. General James Jackson,
who ro j e to high rank, and na l dis
tinguished himself in the war of the
revolution, and who was the re
nowned uncle of him who is chair
man of the committee regulating
these ceremonies, then resigue i
his seat in the senate of
the United States and came home,
becoming a c rndidite tor the legisla
ture, aroused the people of Georgia
from one extent to the other, t > rise
in indignation and remove the infa
mous attempted stigma from tnetr
states’ honor. This Yaz to ucr, under
the leadership of this ever to be re
membered patriot, who has left an
illustrious line of d-scendants doing
like honor to their state, was not
miy declare! null and void by the
legislature in the words of our char
ter, but w s burnt, the fire being
kindled by the tno of a lens, s > as to
make it, in the words of one who has
described the scene, “a consuming
fire from heaven.”
Georgians, we have nothing in our
history, colonial or state, of whicn
we snou'd be ashamed, or ot which
we should not be prou i. In what 1
shall add, strength permitting,! pro
pose to submit some general reflec
tions upon our history of the pist
and prospects in the future. First,
from what I have said of our great
founder, Oglethorpe, it is proper that
stmething more in detail ot his
character and life should be given.
H ■ was born the 21st of December,
1688. from one of the best tamilieS in
England. He was thoroughly edu
cated at Oxford. At the age of 22 he
was appointed Ensign intheßii'ish
army. At the age of 26 he was Adju
tant General ot the Queen’s forces,
and took a position upon the staff of
Prince Eugene, wheie he won great
distinction under this renowned war
rior in his campaign against the
Turks—at the battles of Peterwar
dian and Belgrade in 1716-18. After
this war, Ln the year 1718, at the age
of 30, he was elected a mem
ber of Parliament, which
position he held for thirty
two years. Comparatively young as
he was when he entered that body
and without experience in that de
partment of statecraft, whereof, the
legislative hail is thesp c al theatre,
he at once r se to a position of em
inence and influence. He carried in
to civil life th" warmaff c i ms, large
benevolence anil ardent philanthropy
which were parr, of his nature, and
which the vocation of a soldier had
been powerle-s to blunt or freeze.
Among the many important meas
ures wi n which his parliamentary
career is identified, either in advoca
cy or opposition, none are more hon
oiab e to his farn -thau the firm stand
betook io beha'f of the poor and
against impri-soumeat for debt. He
p ossessed many of the highest vir
tues, both of the ma-tcu ine and femi
nine charac'er, conjoining forhter in
re with siiaciter in mod > in Harmoni
ous union. In em -rgeuci -s requiring
the tx -rcise of the heroic element in
man, his coura refine iby chivalry,
saw no peril and knew no tear.
Hs was just as he was generous,
and while he never cherished resent
ment, vet no never fora ton a frim 1
of forgo' a faV >r. N J temptation, no
iu-t ot po ver. place or favor or for
tune, coul 1 allure him from what he
de -med the path of duty and of recti
tude.
This was 'he man who under'ook
the es’abiishm mt of a co'ony ior the
benefit of the poor and destitu e ot
bis own country, as well as those
suffering for conscience sake in other
l iints. The charter h« had ob’aint-d,
as has b-en seen, wrs grant d in
June. 1732. It is a elngu'ar fact that
Dr. Sin »iiett, in his history of Eig
land, v lume 2 chapter 5, and i age
174, wnicn begins with the year 1732,
m ikes the following announcement:
“The most remarkable incident that
distmguish"d tnis year in England
w->8 a very uncommon instance of
suicide, an act of d spair eo frequent
among the English that in other
countries it is objected to them as a
na ional reproacu.” The incident
reia e 1 in full state I the suicide of
one Richard smith and his wife, who,
after slaying their infant child, h id
buns themselves it prison. Smith
was himself an intelligent man, but
was confin d in jail for debt, with mt
any prospect ot ever being relieved,
and, in their despair, they had both,
as app ats from pipers addressed to
their friends, determined thus to put
an end to their own existence, as
well as that of their infant child. The
publication of this incident produced
a great ittfpressiou in England as to
the condition or prisons, and espe
cially to impiisonm-mt for dt bt.
Oglethorpe h id already been direct
ing all the energies ot his mind to
these subjects.
Tnese shocking suicides doubtless
contributed much in aid or his hu
mane enterprise. All Eigland be
come awakened to the injustice of the
wrings done to the poor in their
prisms. After his arrival on this
bluff, as we have seen, with his little
colony of one hundred and sixteen of
the poor and destitute, over whose
welfare he watched with almost pa
rental care, he, in all his acts, dis
played the hghest order of intel
lectual power and administrative
qualities. With the red man his in
tercourse was based upon the strictest
justice.
Tomochichi, who was himself an
extraordinary man ot the aboriginal
tribes, became his friend on their
first acquaintance. In the settle
ment of the Salzburghers, undtr the
direction of Rev. Martin Bolzions,
and the establishments of their little
colony at Etienezer, he showed the
profoundest philanthropy, piety and
statesmanship. His energy and ac
tivity were wonderful. His estab
lishment of settlements at Darien,
Frederica and Augusta shows ihe
high'st elements of forecast. His
treaty io 1739, when the Spanish war
was anticipated with nil the tribes
except, the Onerokees east of the Mis
sissippi, at Coweta, wae one of the
grandest achievements in British di
plomacy. His conduct of the cam
paign against the Spaniards, of that
year, and nis conduct at the battle of
Bloody Marsh, when we view it in all
ns length and breadth, and its bear
ing and effects upon the future his
tory of the Briiisti coloni-s, may
justly be ranked amongrt me grett
decisive battles of the world. In this
ne displayed a military skill never
surpassed by Alexander, Ciemr
or Napoleon. Follow him af
ter fiimiy estabashing and sav
ing his colony, au I after srving th"
Carolinas and Georgia to the British
crown, on his rot urn to England, and
resuming his duties in parliament, a.-t
well as maintain his position in the
army. See him at the time the Lird
North Ministry tend -rod him the
diet CJiuiti in I of all the British
forces in this country a' the outbreak
ot the Am rteati revolution in 1775,
anl hear this reniy: “I know tie
Americans w 11. They never can be
subdued by arms, b.it th* ir obedi
ence can b ißi-cured by doing th -m
justice.” He was willing to assume
command on the condition that he
should have the complete control of
grievances and reconciliation. Who
ever made a great r display of the
highest, and noblest qualities of man
ihin did Oglethorpe on that occa
sion? TiHs did not suit the ministry
of Lard North, and Sir William Howe
wis appointed in his stead. Bur, see
him alter the end of the struggle of
the colonies with the mother coun
try, which struggle was me source of
great pain to him, and witness his
noble conduct on that occ tsion. It
was his g tod fortune to live to s e
his own colony, planted in poverty
and absolu edependence, rising from
infancy under hie provident care to
the position of a flourishing, inde
pendent and sovereign state. Ogie
thorg", be it remembered, was the
first Englishman of note to Call upon
John Adams, the first Minister of the
United Siates to tno court of Great
Britain. See him in his last days,
the renowned statesman, general,
and philanthropist, passing from
this stage of action ripened with
years ami honors of the advance !
aue of 97, with a memory that will
ever be cherished ami revered in both
hemispheres, as one of the most re
nowned benefactors of mankind.
Well has it been said “nis sepulchre
is in England, his monument is
Georgia.” Such is a slight and brief
sketch of the man whose memory
and character, virtues and deeds we
this day honor and commemorate.
In history there is but one who can
find in himself all those elements of
character which constitute the quali
ties of real greatness, that place him
above Oglethorpe, and that is George
Washington.
Secondly, Another fact which
should be noticed in these proceed
ings is that Georgia increas
ed in wealth and population,
though settled by the poor and des
timte, faster than aoy other of the
Bri'ish colon! sin America. At the
beginning of the revolution ot 1775 6
her population amounted to about
56,000, when she was not a half cen
tury old, while Virginia. Noith Car
olina, New York and Massachusetts
were netriy a century did before
they reached that number of inhabi
tants. Towhat was this attribut
able? Allow me to say, partly cli
mate and soil and the great v«riety
and value of t be products of our fields
and forest, but especially to the
land policy to wnictr allusion has so
fr> quentiy been made. The chief
cause of her greater prosperity, bow
ever, lay in the land policy of th"
cob'DV and, gratified iu the Ogle
thorpe charter. Th" well being of
all states and communities, next to
climate, s fit, water an 1 g osraphical
couformatiius. dep' nds eminen'iy
on i's land p'licy. It w s this tha'
led to tne >v-r tirow of Roma, and
is now so fearfuHv agita’ing Ireland
and Eig and. Th* char "r of Geor
gia w a-peculiar, and diff rent from
the charters of all o'h-r colones on
this point. Tne trustees were pro
hibited, not only from ever holding
any interest themselves in any hands
of which the colony should become
p s-e-s d, as we haveS3"n, biK they
w.re pr hibite 1 from ever g'anting
to anyone pers n more tha> five
hundred ecres of pub ic land From
the e sriiest eettlement the oolicy of
the trustees to tecog tize whs’ was
known as head-rights, and to
apportion out the lands under that
designation in small quantities to
all who would occupy and
cultivate them at no cost
t xeept 'he actual expenses of survey
ing. fixing limitsand wscertainieg
boundaries. This policy was founded
partly on the idea that it was really
worth wild lands to subdue them, or
to clear th * fotest and render th-m
fitter cultivation, but chiefly perhaps
upon the economic view that it
would add more to the public wealth
to have tne forest lands brought into
cultivation, with their abundant val
uable products, even without price,
than to rely upon the filling of the
i xchequer with the slow returns of
sale?, when thesettlere had no means
to invest. L ibor was the only capi
tal they had. This subject involves
.questions which tne profoundest
statesman might do well to study.
Against monopolies and speculations
in lands as they exist in other colo
nies the door was closed and locked
by the fundamental law in Georgia.
None but the actual tillers of the
i round had possession of the key.
Tnose only who were willing to pay
sweat for the soil could procure lands
in this colony.
The same cause continued to ope
rate after th" independence of the
state. In 1860 the taxable property
of Georgia was a little under $700,-
000,000—the exact amout is $672,322,-
777—while the population was a little
over 1,000.000 of whites and blacks—
the exact figures 1,007,284,
This shows that Georgia’s aggre
gate wealth, divi ted out amongst the
population, would have been $667
per capita, including white and
black. I have not access to the re
cords and figures of the State, but I
doubt if there is another one in the
oi l thirteen that exceeded her in
wealth per capita, though Georgia
hid not come into the possession of
all her territory until as late as 1867.
Thirdly. Another matter that de
serves note on this occ ision is that
benevolence alone did not control
the colonies of Georgia, but that
deep and profound piety was min
gled with all their actions. Georgia
was not only a charity but a religi
ous colony, Tnat religion consists
not iu Pharisaical demonstrations or
in sectarian creeds, but in an ob
servance of the doctrines amt pre
empts of the Sermon upon the Mount.
O te of the earliest presents to the
tius'ees was a donation to build a
church. The next was a present
from the R"V. Samuel Wesley, of a
silver chalice to be used upon sacra
mental occasions. Tne Rev. Martin
801-ius. at the head ot his little band
of Salzburghers, showed himself to
be an evangelist of the doctrtue of
“Peace on earth and good will to
men.”
The Rev. John Wesley and George
Whitefield two ot the most eminent
divines in England, were among the
most distinguished emigrants to
G *orgia, and had much to do in
moulding the religious character of
the colonists. It is well known that
while they d ff*red widely in some
matters of faith or creed, yet they
both maintained the doctrine that
religion was a matter between indi
viduals and their Creator, and that
'overtimeuis ehould have nothing to
do with matters of conscience.
Whit, li ild, by his fervent zeal, was
able io obtain sufficient funds, and
established an orpnan school a tew
miles tiom your city. This school,
under nis fostering care, flourished
>uring tus lit'*, and with some modi
fications, still exists as a monument
to ins memory.
Fourthly. Without wishing to in
dulge in any spirit of boasting, I
think on this occasion it may be well
cl iimsd for Georgia that, though the
youngest of her sisters, yet she has
ever maintained a position amongst
ifi" foremost in our common history
in everything that marks progress—
intellectually,morally,poli ieauy and
materially, In the revolu ionary
war, though the younge-t of the col
onies. she Btood foremost in the fight.
Iti defense of your own city Jasper
and Pulaski fell. 11 every warsineo,
tier tons have been distinguished for
tfieir skill, couiage and patriotism,
l i poli ics and senatorial oratory her
Btldwins and Waltons and Haber
shams and J icksons ranked among
the first public mi n of the Unit-d
S ates, in the first and second decades
of the union ot the states. Iti the
third an I fourth decades Georgia fur
ni-hes in the public councils her
Berriens, Tatnalls, W. H. Crawford,
Read, Troup, Lumpkin, Wilde and
Forsythe, who took positions
amongst the most eminent men in
the federal councils. Then came the
Gilmers, Wayne, Clayton, Cooper,
Chappell, Haralson, Seaborn Jones,
Cobbs, Millers, Jenkins, Joel Craw
ford, George W. Crawford, McDon
ald, the elder, Colquitt, Black, McAl
lister, N"sbit, Hershel V. Johnson,
Wm. C. D iwson, Charlton, the elder,
and your.ger Cummings, and above
them all in sterling forensic elo
quence, Joseph Henry Lumpkin, tor
many years chief justice of the state,
with a li ist of others who shed lustre
upon her history, Georgia has ever
been from her earliest settlement
distinguished for eloquent uul
pit orators. Among these here
may be named after Whitefield,
Wesley and Bolsius, Hope Hull, of
the Methodist church, the elder
Pierce, as well as his distinguished
sou, the pii-sent bishop, the Antho
ny?. Arnolds and Glenns; of the
Prcsby eriau order, Kollock, Styles,
Hoyt, Beman, Francis Cumming and
Ah xander H. Webster, the disting
uished Moses Waddell, the instructor
"f Calhoun, Crawford, McDuffie and
Longstreet and tor years tne presi
d-ntif the State University; of tne
Episcopal church, the renowned
Bishop E Host and his successor,
Bukwith; or the Bap ists, Mercer
Marshall, Malory Sherwool. Ois
S nith. Nathaniel M. Crawford. As
lawyers ana jurist? we can ever point
with piile to her Law. Owens, War
ners Nesbits, Benning, Jmkson,
Orawfoid, Blekley. L->chane, Lamar,
and many oth -rs. As contributors
to science and us ful arts, she claims
th * inv *ntion of tne c itton gin, the
pr'pulsion of bjits by steam, the
eewing machine, and last of all, the
discovery i f anas'heel a or chloro
t trio, bv wnich millions of p j ople
are daily reliev d ot pain. William
L ngs ire', the f aher of the disting
u shed general and present marshal
of the ■ t lie. ha 1 fu 1 plans of the con
s’ ruction of a b »at to be propelled by
steam on rt ; e water as early as 1790,
and i wo years befote Fait >n address
"d his iter : o Lord Stanhope on
that eubj *ct. This will appear by re
f-rence io the archives ot our state
department —but he was prevented
from the immediate construction in
carrying out bis invention for the
want ot means, H", howeyer, did
wi hout any knowledge of the invea
tmn < f Fulton, succeed in carrying
his beat up the Savannah river
avail st the current, at a spetd of five
mil s an hour, a tew days after Ful
-1 ton had mad" a like success on tha
Hu tson. in 1807.
Mr. Crawford Long, of Athens
Ge- rga, was two years ahead of
Wells and Morten in his application
of sulphuric ether ter the relief of
pain iu surgical operations. To him,
therefore, belongs the honor and
glory of the greatest discovery
of modern times. Millions of
people of the human family ate nbW
daily relieved by the use of his rem
edies.
Georgia has not yet sent to Statu
ary Hall, in the capitol of the Union,
the two statutes which she is entitled
to place in the collection there to be
made. How could she better comply
with this invitation of the United
States than to send a statue of Ohle
thorpe and Dr. Crawford Long two of
the greatest benefactors of man
kind?
Georgia can also boast ot her poets
Wnerever the English language is
spoken “My Life is Like a Summer
Rise” by Wilde, will live: eo will
"All is Quiet on the Potomac,” by
Georgia’s son, Oliver and also many
productions by Charlton, Jackson,
Paul H. Hayne, Tichnor, Mary E.
Bryan Randall, Edward Y. Hill,
Humber and others.
To Georgia and to your city also,
belongs the honor and the glory of
projecting and having built the first
steamship that ever crossed the At
lantic Ocean, This ship was built in
New York with Savannah capital,
and under Savannah auspices, and
sailing from this port, crossed the
Adamic successfully in 1819, to the
wonder of European nations—twenty
years before tae Great Western land
ed in New York,
Fifthly. But, my countrymen, I
cannot dwell longer in detail upon
the multitude of topics that press
upon my mind that would be perti
nent to the occasion. I can say noth
ing of our educational institutions,
our colleges, male and female, which
have so distinguished the state of
Georgia, our recent rapid progress in
manu actures of cotton, wool and
iron ; I can say nothing of our great
railroads and works of internal im
provements, our men of enterprise
connected with them, and ot the
great prominence which our state is
now taking among our sisters in the
conduct and management of these
improvements of travel and trans
portation in modern times. It would
require hours to do justice to tne
memory of your own distinguished
citizens, William W. Gordon
and Mathew Hall McAllister, and
their associates, William Dearing, of
Athens. J. EJgar Thompson, Richard
Peters, George Hull, John P. King
and divers others, who were the lead
ers, pioneers and projectors of that
system of railroads fur which Geor
gia i? now eo greatly distinguished.
Suffice it to add. in conclusion, to
you, Georgians, that no other equal
portion of the earth’s surface sur
passes that within our limi'sinall
the elements of wealth, power and
grpatnees. By our past energy, In
dus ry, under our institutions, we
have already acquired the appella
tion of the Empire State of the South.
With like energy in the future, un
der Providence, in the development
of our resources, our mineral, our
agricultural, aour fields and forests,
our educational and religious institu
tions, we have yet ahead of us the
opportunity of acquiring the greater
appellation of becoming the Empire
State ot the Union.
At the conclusion ot the address
the audience gave vent to their en
thusiasm in cheers and prolonged ap
plause. When order had been re
stored, General Jackson stepped to
the front of the stage, and in expla
nation, said:
“By special request of the poet
himself, too feeble in health to un
dertake the task, I will now attempt
to recite his beautiful ode. Sure I
am that the defects of the reader can
not wholly destroy tne music of his
numbers; and that, as they shall fall
upon the listening ear,a heartborn in
soiration will ascend to gracious
Heaven that long to be spared to the
saddened South by far the sweetest
of all her singers. For, born in South
Carolina, by Georgia adopted, Paul
Hamilton Hayne belongs, at last, to
the South. Poet ot the South, lau
reate by royal power of his own
genius.”
General Jackson then recited the
beautiful ode with genuine pathos
and in a manner worthy of the poet’s
admiration.
A NOTED BUT UNTITLED WOMAN.
[From the Boston Globe.]
Messrs. Editors
The above is a good likeness of Mrs. Lydia E. Pink
ham, of Lynn, Mass., who above all other human beings
may be truthfully called the “Dear Friend of Woman,’
as some of her correspondents love to call her. Sl<»
Is zealously devoted to her work, which is the outcome
of a life-study, and is obliged to keep six lady
assKants, to help her answer the large correspondence
wnich daily pours in upon her, each bearing its special
uuuen of suffering, or Joy at release from it Her
Vegetable Compound is a medicine for good and not
evil purpose* I have personally investigated it and
am satisfied of the truth of this.
On account of Its proven merits, ft Is recommended
and prescribed by the best physicians in the country.
One says: “It works like a charm and saves much
pain. It will cure entirely the worst form of falling
of the uterus, Leucorrhcea, irregular and painful
Menstruation, all Ovarian Troubles, Inflammation and
Ulceration, Floodings, all Displacements and the con
sequent spinal weakness, and is especially adapted to
the Change of Life.*
It permeates every portion of the system, and gives
new life and vigor. It removes faintness, flatulency,
destroys all craving for stimulants, and relieves weak
ness of the stomach. It cures Bloating, Headaches,
Nervous Prostration, General Debility, Sleeplessness,
Depression and Indigestion. That feeling of bearing
down, causing pain, weight and backache, is always
permanently cured by its use. It will at all times, and
under all circumstances, act in harmony with the Jaw
that governs the female system.
It costs only sl. per bottle or six for $5., and is sold by
druggists. Any advice required as to special cases, and
the names of many who have been restored to perfect
health by the use of the Vegetable Compound, can be
obtained by addnwta? Mrs. F. with tar "Pfr.
at her home in Lynn, Mass.
For Kidney Complaint of effher sex this compound is
unsurpassed as abundant testimonials show.
* Mrs. Pinkham’s Liver Pills,” says one writer, “are
the best in the world for the cure of Constipation,
Biliousness and Torpidity of the Hver. Her Blood
Purifier works winders in its special line and bids fair *
to equal the Compound in its popularity.
All must respect her as an Angel of Mercy whose sole
ambition Is to do good to others.
Philadelphia, Pa. (2) Mrs. A. M. U
consumption:
1 have a positive remedy for the above disease; by its
Use thousands of cast s of the worst kind and of long
Standing hare been cured. Indeed, so strong is my fbita
in its efficacy, that I wilt send TWO BOTTLES FRftE, to
gether with a VALUABLE TREATISE on this disease,fa
any sufferer. Give Express and P. O. address.
. PK.T. A. taMVH.WirMtIM.Vrt Tart-
NO. 36