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(Tinws mtb Btvdind. COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. FRIDAY MORNING, SEPT. 7, 1855. FOROOVHRNOK. HER.3CIIUI* V. JOHNSON. FOR CO^GKl>Si J*t District--James L. Seward* of Thomas. *• M. J* Craw lord, of Muscogee. 3d. “ James M. Smith, ol’ Upson. 4th j *• Hiram Warner* of Meriwether. sth ** Jno. 11. Lumpkin? oi I'Joyd. 6th “ Howell Cobb, ot Clarke. 7th •* Linton§Stcphens, of Hancock. 8 h “ A. 11. Stephens, of Taliaferro. MUSCOGEE COUNTY^NOMINATIONS, FOR. THE SENATE. ALEXANDER J. ROBISON. FOR THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. JOHN B. DOZIER. GEORGE J. FITTS. It is with uncommon please that we present to our readers the nanus of these well known, popular and intelligent gentleman as the candidates of the Demo- I cratic and Anti-Know Nothing party o! Muscogee coun ty for the Legislature. Neither of them Bought the responsible positions in which they have been placed by the unanimous choice of their party friends, though each of them is eminently fitted to represent a free people. They all belong to the working classes. Their interests and the interests of the people are identical. Let the people then come to their rescue and give them a hearty and uudivided support. For the manner in which they were nominr.td, we refer our readers to the proceedings of the convention which are published in full, in another column. The Convention met in the broad light of a merodian sun, with open doois and uti der the eyes of their fellow eitizen, nominated their candidates and elected them. Os tho fitness of the candidates, the Columbus Enquirer says: “Os the nominees themselves, we have naught to say against them. Personally they are clever geuilcmen and good citizens.’’ With such a ticket, the Democratic and Anti Know Nothing party of Musoogeo county will achieve a glo rious victory if the friends of civil and religious liberty will each indivually put their shoulders to the wheel and do their whole duty. The contest in which we are engaged is not a mere strife of men ; great and fun damental principles are at stake in which every citizen, be he native or adopted, has a personal interest. We are contending for the equality of citizens and the free dom to worship God. Democratic and Anti-Know Nothing Con vention. A largo and rospectablo body of the citizens of Mus cogee county assembled at the Court House on Wed nesday, sth iust., in obedience to a previous call of the people, without respect to old party divisions, for the purpose of nominating candidates to represent Musco gee county in the next Legislature. The Convention was organized by calling J. R. Jones to tho chair, and appointing T. Lomax, Secretary. The following resolutions were offered by R. ,1 Moses, Esq., and unanimously adopted : Resolved, That tho Convention now proceed to nomi nate a candidate For tho Senate, and two candidates for the llouso of Representatives. Resolved, That it shall require a majority of the whole vote cast t) elitet a nomination. On motion of T. Lomax, it was unanimously Resolved, That tho Convention proceed by viva voce nomination, and ballot to select candidates. R. J. Moses, Esq., nominated Dr. Alexander J. Robison for the Senate. No other name being bug ger ted, Dr. Robison was unanimously nominated by acclamation. Dr. J. J. Boswell nominated John B. Dozier, Esq., fur the House. R. J. Moses, Esq., nominated George J. Pitts, Esq , for the House. Their being no other names suggested, Messrs. Dozier and Pitts were unanimously nominated by ac clamation. Upon the suggestion of R. T. Simons, Esq., that Mr. Pitts was not in tho house, a committee consisting of Messrs. R. J. Moses, J. J. Boswell aud James F. Boze man, was appointed with instructions forthwith to wait on Mr. Pitts and solicit him to accept the nomination so unanimously tendered him. Duiing the absence of the committee, the Con veil tiou was addressed with much bpirit and eloquence by Messrs. A. H. Cooper, Peyton 11. Colquitt and James Hamilton, Esqrs. Tho committee, having returned, reported through their chairman, R. J, Musts, Esq , the gratifying in> tdligenee that Mr. Pitts had surrendered his private inclinations to the will of thy Convention and then launched out in a strain ot impassioned eloquence in defence of the great principles of religious and civil free dom which the Convention had assembled to maintain against tho attacks of tho spurious, so called, Americ-uu party. Both his report and speech were received with rapturous applause. On motion ot I. Lomax, Esq., the following resolu tions were unanimously adopted : Resolved, That the members of the Convention pledge themselves to u.-e all honorable means to secure the elec tion of their entire ticket, and invite the co-operation of all persons o*aii parties who are opposed to the proserip t>yv principles ot the Know Nothing order, and are in tavor ot maintaining unimpaired the liberties secured to us by our revolutionary fathers. Resolved, 1 iiat our Senator and Representatives in the next Legislature be requested to advocate the orectiou of a Uty Court for the trial of criminal offences in the coui'tv ot Muscogee. J Messrs. Robison and Dozier, being present, were loudly called for by the Convention, and in a few ap propriate and well time remarks accepted the nomina tions tendered to them with so much unanimity, and sat down an.id the loud aud long applause of the Con vention. On motion of K. T. Simona, Esq., it was unani mously i • lies .^ ed > f hat each member ot the Convention pledges himself to uso ns best efforts to secure one vote besides his o vn for the ticket. * On motion ot A. H. Cooper, Esq., the Convention adjourned, to meet again at the ballot box on the first Monday in October next with u set purpose to redeem Muscogee eouuty from tho dominion of the Know Nothings. The meeting was tue largest and most enthusiastic nominating Convention ever ac-unbied in open doors in *Muoogt*e county. Entire harmony prevailed and every proposition was unanimously adopted. J. K. JONES, President. T. Lomax, S&jrefory. Mississippi Itciits x —Mr. Goode having respectfully de cl mod tho nomination to represent the Bth Disu.ct in Con- Sres;, he noniktatiuc Coinmitioe have made a call uoon ! Gil t3 ~M. htllyer, Esq. editor of tlte Natchez Courier, ’ no has acovpwd the eaif, and will opeu the <Mtavw in reppotatticn to Cyneia! Qu.tnnm, A Very Small Business. We understand an attempt is being made to get the votes of our adopted citizens for the Know Nothing j candidates, on the ground that very few of their names appealed to the hand bills posted about the city calling for a Convention of the Anti Know Nothing party. — They forget to mention that numbers of Know Noth ings ridiculed the call published in our columns because one-fourth of the names signed’ to it were tho names of foreigners,as they choose tostigiuatize our adopt- ; ed citizens, aud that notwithstanding their jeers, every is sue of the Times <£• Sentinel, up to the date of the Con vention, flauuted in their faces the name of every citi- j zen, be he native or adopted, who hud the courage to join us in uur holy war upon the proscriptive principles of the Know Nothing order. The Senior editor of the Times Sentinel has given too strong proof of his devotion to the rights of adopted citizens to be injured in their estimation by this ridicu | ioua charge. He alone is responsible for the baud bills. lie out tho call from the newspaper aud ordered his Foreman to publish it in full in hand bill form. He was informed by his Foreman that there was no font of type in the office of the large eize that had letter enough in it to print all the names. He then selected front the list a few from all classes, persuasions, de i nominations and political divisions who were best known to the couutry at large, and ordered him to i publish them. By reference to the newspaper call, it will be seen that the names of some of our most eminent citizens are j there puLbshcd and yet are not on the hand bills, j Even the name of our candidate for the Senate is left out. The list on the hand bills was intended to be a representative list of all classes. Whigs, Democrats, Catholics, Methodists, Baptists, Episcopalians, Presby terians, Jews, Irish and English, &0., will all find their representatives on the hand bills. No disrespect was intended to any body, class or denomination. If, however, any budy is aggrieved, the whole blame must rest upon the Senior editor of the Times f- Sen \ tin el. No one else saw the hand bills until they were j published. We will eonfens, however, that vve took i particular pains to select all Know Nothings who had ’ withdrawn from the order and had joined the Detnoc j racy. There were so many of them that it was a matter i of necessity to leave off a large number of both uativeaud ! adopted citizens. We have no doubt they will appre | ciate this motive. There were but 50 names attached jto hand bills; there were 206 to the call : we were | compelled to leave off some ; wo thought our adopted i citizens would willingly give up their place to a repeu | tant Know Nothing. Are we not right ? But we waste words on this subject. We hardly imagine our Know Nothing friends will make much i headway in their efforts to prejudice our adopted citi j zena against us. We have stood by them in the darkest hours of their fortunes and battled for their rights, when these fair weather friends were hid in secret council ; chambers plotting their overthrow. We leave thesub i ject to their own good sense aud fell quite sure that j our enemies will have their labor for their pains, A friend in need is a friend indeed. Some Northern Democmis Sounder on the Sta yer y Question than Many Southern Know Nothings. This is a bold heading, but there is truth in it. The j entire Southern branch of the Know Nothing order, or I American party, has boasted that the 12th article of the : Philadelphia Platform was all the South can demand lon the subject of slavery. Messrs. Nisbet and Haw kins bravely made this assertion in their speeches upon the banka of the Chattahoochee. The Northern Do ; mocraey do not think so ! What a commentary upon the patriotism of Southern Know Nothingism ! In proof of our assertion, we point with pride and pleasure to the noble letter of Lewis Cass, which we publish to-day. Read it and blush for Southern honor. He says : “There is indeed one principle laid down in that Convention which meets my concurrence—and that is the declaration that ‘Congress ought not to leg i6iate upon the subject of slavery within the Territories of the United States.’ I regret, however that the body which thus pronouueed against the exercise of the pow er, did not pronounce against its existence , but care fully pretermit led—- to use its own words—the expres sion of any opinion upon that point. Still I approve its action upon the subject so far as it goes. It is a step in tho right direction.” Have we not fallen on evil times when a candidate 1 for Congress in the second district of Georgia, AYillis | A. Hawkius, is rebuked by the Senator from Michigan, for the opinions he entertains of Southern Rights ? Is it not ominous of evil when a great party at the South falls behind a Yankee in their defence of Southern honor ? We commend the whole letter of the Senator from Michigan to our readers. It is an able an masterly ex posure of Know Nothingism. Wc will furnish other proof of our charge here after. Justice and the Ballot Box, We are not willing to make the subjects disoussed by “Justice” in the Columbus Enquirer a matter of newspaper controversy. We have, therefore, referred them to some of the ablest Lawyers in the city, and when we hear from them we will answer the questions propounded to us by “Justice.’’ . All that we demand for our adopted citizens is their legal rights. We presume every good citizen, of every party, is prepared to maintain them in their exercise. The closing paragraph of “Justice’s’’article is very un fortunate, as hot headed partisans are but too apt to seek an occasion of offence. In the present state of the publio mind, we conceive it to be our duty to allay the violence of party animosity, and to this conviction must be attributed our reference of the subjects under discussion to high toned and law abiding citizens of the legal profession. We are willing to abide by their de cision, confident that our views of the powers and du ties of Superintendents of elections will be sustained by them. Atlanta Medical College—Commencement Exer cises Saturday last, agreeably to the programme of the day, the exercises of the first Commencement of , the Atlanta Medical came oft'. Thirty-two graduates received their deplomas. The address of l>r. Flewellen was a beautifully written and philosophical disquisition upou woman, physically aud intellectually j considered. We were immensely pleased with the Doctor’s address to lb© class. It was praet cal aud high toned in an omueut degree, aud evinced that re fined sensibility and manly honor that should always be the rulling influences in the life of tho practitioner of medicine.— Atalanta Intelligencer, Sih. The yeic York II ;r<ls. —The following are th 6 nomi naiions made by the New York Convention of “Hard” Democrats :• Secretary of 3t£te—Aaron Ward ; Comptroller—Z. B. Mitchell; Tieasurer-r-J. M. Lyons; Canal Commissioner —F. Folleu . Stair- Prism lusj eetor—Darfos Clark ; At- j tomey General-R J. Dillon ; State Engineer—Gporge j Cci#. Muscogee Railroad Company. At the last annual meeting of the stockholders ts j this company, Richard Patten Esq , of this city, wrs elected President ; and Messrs. Jno. L. Mustian, R. R. Goetchiue, L.T. liowniug,Wiley Williams, B. K.Wells of Columbus, and Edward Padelford of Savannah, Di rectors. The Board is a competent one, and tho Presi dent enjoys a very high reputation for financial ability, j The affairs of the Company are in good hands. Receipt of Cotton. — Yesterday the receipt of cotton was extraordinarily large for this season of the year,— The Princes brought 3376 bales, D. S. Stacy 1533, ; Republic 770, W. N. Sherman 550, Jeau Webre 186, Aleck Scott 325, schooner Diamond 41—making a total ol 67 i'J bales, of which 5130 were ot the new crop.— N. O. Delta , 2SM. LFor tho Times & Sentinel.] Who arc Americans ? Messrs Editor?: —Who are Americans? This is a quer tion which must be satisfactorily answered before vve can endorse the motto that “Americans only shall rule Ameri ca.” Is he only the pure, the true and trustworthy Ameri can who was born on America’s soil? If so, are all who are born here pure, true and trustworthy Americans? Are all tho people born here true republicans in soul, liberty loving, patriotic people, and worthy our confidence in ex i alting them to office and allowing them the privilege of i suffrage? Further, are all who are not born here imti-re publicvn, anti-Arnericau in their principles? Or to speak | more explicitly and directly, is there anything in the soil of , America that diffuses republican and American principles j in the souls of its native born—some secret power, unpos | sessed by other lands? If this is asserted and proved, then • we say that Native Americans only should rule America. J But we suppose no one will attempt to prove this. What j man in the South will sav. that Fred Douglass is a true i Republican and worthy the confidence of the American ! people? What man in the United States will say that t Benedict Arnold was a man possessing true American i principles? What'man is there in the United States that ! ... . will say that the Tories of the Revolution, were in princi ple pure and unsullied Americans? Where is the man who will say that the Negroes among us demand our confidence enough to hold office and to vote,.or in other words, are capable and trustworthy enough to rule America? I sup pose none will be found who will make these assertions. Then, as there are those who are boru on American soil who are not pure Americans in principle, the test fails. — Yes, the test fails—it. cannot stand the fire. The place of birth is not the reliable teit. “’fis not the place of birth That m akes the man a man.’’ We argue, Mr. Editor, that capability and principle should be the only tests by which men should be tried when we are endeavoring to ascertain those men in whose j hands our government will be sale. A man born in Lon don or Sheffield, may be as truly an American as if born in New’ York or New Oileans. | But w’e are told that the place of birth is not made the test-, dial foreigners are not true Americans, because they have been reared uuder institutions inimical to our govern ment, and the proof that they are our enemies is, that wdieri they come here they do not mingle with us—do not send their children to our schools. Well, as we deem it fair to fight our enemy with his own w'capotis, we use one of their own arguments. They arc our enemies, we are told, because they have been taught other ideas of government from their youth; if this be so, the child will adhere to the doctrines of his parents. The children of the foreigners of this country will imbibe the ideas and principles of their parents. This may go on from generation to generation. Now'we ask the question of the members of this Know Nothing or falsely called American party, would you al low these, children to vote and to hold office? If not, who will be she voters and office holders in our country? If so, the place of birth is the only recommendation. You dis franchise their parents —their birth place is their only sin. The place of birth is made the test. Another proof I can offer that the birth place is tho test —let me illustrate what I would impress by a supposablo ease. Let us suppose a child is born in this country whose parents are foreigners, this child is taken to England at. the ago of 6 months; is raised in England, is educated there. At the age of matu rity he returns to America, aud is recognized as an Arner ean eitizen; is allowed all the privileges aud immunities granted to those who are born among us. Let us suppose another case. A child is born in England of American parents. At the age of six months is brought to America is raised and educated here. This Know’ Nothiug party would recognize the latter as a foreigner; the former as a true American. The birth place is all the virtue and ail the crime. 1 But I deny that foreigners are enemies to us, because ; they were raised under governments unlike our own. It seems to me that men, who have been bound down by the j galling chains of despotism; who have been crushed to the j earth by the yoke of tyranny, w'ould as well appreciate the blessings of liberty as men w'ho have known freedom from their cradles. It seems to me that they would too much dread the grinding of a despot’s heel, ever to give their aid in changing this republican government into a despotism. Butthe'lvnow Nothing party not only says that foreigners arc not true republicans, but it makes another test. Read the oath giveuto persons becoming members of the order: “You will not give your influence lor any man, for any of fice within the gift of the people, unless he be an American born citizen, in favor of Americans ruling America.”— Mark, iellow citizens, “iu favor of Americans ruling America. ’ The only proof that ha is “in fa vor of Americans ruling America” is, that he belongs to the Know Nothiug Order. All who do not belong to this order are proscribed. Fellow citizens, what glorious news! i you can be naturalized and become Americans. Come, let | me whisper the glad tidings in your eats —you may become j Americans by going to the Know Nothing Lodge and ta-| king the oaths prescribed! T. P. S. For the Times &. Sentinel. Oae Bowkry, Ala., Sept. 3, 1835. Messrs. Editors:—l was present on Friday last at the Barbecue given near this place to the Hon. J. F. Dowdell. I have not time to tend you a detailed account of the pro ceedings of that day, but shall relate them as summarily as I possibly can. I will not, need uot, cannot particularize about music, committees, officers, motions, preamble and resolutions, etc., etc., but pitching in me dir ill re *, las tell you about the speeches. Mr. Dowdell, the noble, galian*, and successful! stand aid bearer, of the Republican party of the 3j Congressfon al.District, was first called upon. He is truly all of a man. He made a congratulatory speech of about an hour’s length; a more eloquent, appropriate and coal-etirring es- ! fort I have seldom heard. Ever and anon the enraptured j audience cave vent to their Celiags of admiration by shouts of applauds; acd when hs esar-ed a eimultaneouc whoop j \'ef.? v*p from the nvuoh pbr-aed audience When Mr, Dowdell took Ilia teat, Mr. Yuucy, of Mont gomery, was callod upon. For about two hours he enter tained the people with a deeply profound, logical, convin cing argument. He takes living coals from the altar of Southern Rights, and grinds them with his teeth, aud sets them on blaze with his breath. He repudiates all national parties; wants a great Southern Sectional Part/—thinks we can insure the sate keeping of our rights better by ta king care of them ourselves, than by entrusting them to the care of others. He agrees with all true republicans, in contemning the monstrous creature Sam, which has, under the shadow of night, crept iuto our midst. After Mr. Yaucey, Mr. Cochran’s name was called. — He arose and spoke for about an hour and a half. I scarcely ever heard a speech that pleased a crowd more. It was universally admired. Mr. Cochran has the appear ance and address of an indolent man, but he has u soul lull of wit aud jollity; and his is a searching, analytical mind. He argues that the most elective manner in which the Uu ion can be preserved, is tor the South to assert and main tain her rights; that experience proves that the North will make her aggressions just so far as the South will permit aud no farther. I doubt the validity of his argument, but it was very ingeniously wrought. After Mr. Cochran’s speech, dinner was announced, and the large assembly retired to the tables and partook freely of the plentiful stores, and after they had eaten re-assem bled to hear other speeches. Mr. Clopton was the first speaker after dinner. He acquitted himself with credit, and reflected honor not only upon himself but upon the cause so nobly defended by him. He is indeed a most beautiful orator, a strong, lucid and pointed reasoner. The next and last speaker, was Mr. Moses of Georgia. Though last by no means least, He had, but a short time before he was called upon, arrived on the ground. I have panegyrized, and justly, all the other speeches, and I am at a loss to know in what terms I may appropriately speak of his effort. He is decidedly the best natural orator that spoke on that day—perfectly easy and graceful on the stage—his language elegant and finished. I was unavoida bly called away during his argument, and therefore cannot give an analysis of it, but 1 have heard it spoken of, by oue who is a competent judge and who heard it all, in the highest terms. Mr. Moses can wield the [[blade of polite sarcasm better than any man I have ever heard. He ridi culed, in the most caustic and burning style, the Know No thing Party. To sum up,all the speeches were good, and enthusiastically received by the people; and Friday was, altogether, a great day of rejoicing aud festivity with the Republican party. All things passed off peaceably, and the ladies, who were present in great numbers, seemed to enjoy ♦he occasion. T. P. S. Letter from Fort Gaines. A great many scribble!B like myself, (* perhaps ’) have filled a portioi ol the columns ot’ the newspapers iu telling tales, but the truth is in this region of Ctorgia, where we do not brag; , Constitutional principles are safe ; mark itl The secret order, like the chameleon, have changed their colors so often that they are now like sucking doves, wooj ing the Wool Ilat Boys to vote for this man, and then for whom you please. Very truly, Q. IN THE CORNER. Keep It Belore the People, That Gov. Johnsou has signed a pledge, “whether elec ted or not,” to recommend the next Georgia Legislature, to pass laws preparatory to dissolve the Union. tSee his letter to Col. Lomax of 21st June last. —Mountain Signal. We clip the foregoing paragraph from the Mountain Signal, published at Dahlonega, Lumpkin county, Georgia, for the purpose of showing the people of ibis section the argumeus resorted to by tho Know Nothing press of the Northern part of the State to defeat Gov ernor Johnson’s election. Western & Atlantic or State Railroad. The Atlanta Intelligencer c< naius a statement of ; the present condition aud future prospects of this | Road, from which wo condense the following sum ; inary : EARNINGS OK TIIE IV. A, A. RAILROAD. “From October 1, 1850 lo August 1, 1851. ! Ten mun tbs, .... $225,568 87 j From October 1, 1851, to August 1, 1852, j Ten months, .... 311,632 79 i From October 1, 1852, to August 1, 1853. | Ten months, .... 390,072 41 1 From October 1, 1853, to August 1, 1851, Ten months, .... 488,718 61 From Oblober 1, 1854, to August 1, 1855, Ten months, .... 527.207 92 Under Governor Jobtisou’s administration there have been paid out for constructing Depot buildings and equipments, for prior account incurred previous to | 1854, 249,208 00. I “For account since, including 1600 ; Tons new rails .... $200,411 OJ I And after paying all current expend 1 ses for working the road, has also been paid into the Stale Treasury, . 100,000 00 | The earnings of the Road for 1855, up to Aug. 1 j being ten months of the tisoal year—are $527,207 92 ; i August and September will no doubt increase that ’ amount to $650,000, It has been estimated .hat the gross income of the ; Road for the next five years will average $700,000 per annum. Allowing 60 per cent of this amount for ex : peases, there will remain about $280,00# per annum i to be paid into the State treasury, beiug equal to 6 per J cent upon the cost of the Road. Sixth Annual Report of the Georgia Asylum of the Deaf and Dumb* { Thirty-nine pupils have attended the exercises ofthe In- 1 stitution during the iaat year, and their progress lias been very satisfactory. Complaint is made of the small number, in the Stale, of deaf mutes who avail themselves ofthe advantages of the j Institution, compared to the whole number, 266, which the census shows to be in the State. Asa remedy for this the | Legislature is requested to apporit an agent. A reasonable and most proper request. An appropriation is asked to put the buildings in better order, and to enable shops for mechanical trades to be i opened. Once opened, it is stated, these trades will sup- I port themselves. The expenses of the Institution are set down at S2OB per pupil. On the whole the Institution appears to he conducted with prudence and energy, and to oe eflieieut in tlie object ! to which it is devoted. Col. Kinney “Monarch of all he Surveys.’’ The New York Poet publishes a long letter from San •Juau, giving a most interesting account of the Kinney ex pedition. It ap]ears that the Colonel has become a i ar ,r e landholder since he arrived there, having? purchased no less than 30,000,000 of acres, with 300 miles of seaeoasi It is the same tract that was orignally granted by Messrs Shephard aud Haley to Senator Cooper, Wm. Cost .John* soil, Joseph L. White, of New York*, and others, but which conveyance became void in consequence of the ga ran tees lading to comply with some of the stipulated conditions. The Colonel pays only five hundred thousand dot lure, winch is pretty cheap, considering that his farm ie about eight hundred times as large as the State of New York. Hartley Coleridge ope© being a.-ked which of Words* i * 4 011 lroducuoa> h£ cauaiuertidjhc prettiest, v*ry prompt ! )v replied,“Hie daughter Dorn ” Latest from Norfolk. Norfolk, Aug. .10— p. m. There is no news cf an encouragng nature. The fe ver continues unabated, but the deaths are lts propor tion, showing a milder type of the disease, or a more plentiful supply of nourishment and attendants. Among the dead are reported the wife of Lieut. Whit tle, ol the navy ; Mrs. M. Todd, and F. Tarrant. Among the new eases are Lieut. Richard Page, Lieut. Janies Henderson, Mis. Tazewell, two Philadelphia physi cians, (Dr. MoFaddeu, aud another whose name was not mentioned,) Simon Stone, J. Higgins, Mr. Ferret, (clerk of the Exchange Bauk,) Charles Beall, C. W. Southgate, and G. W. Camp. Dr. Constable is supposed to be dying. Dr. Rose is down. J. G. H. Hutton and K. Ballance are supposed to be beyond hope. Capt. E. Guy j$ convalescent. The new eases are generally of a milder type. The deaths in the two cities for the past 25 hours were about 35. There are now from 600 to 700 cases in Norfolk. banta Anna. Havana, Aug. 27. General Santa Anna, family and suit—civil, military and domestic—left yesterday on tiie Mexican war steamer Guerrero, lor St. Thomas and Cartiiageua, or Caracas. All well. [From the Detriot Free Press, August 23.] Letter from Gen. Gas3 on Know Notfcingisni and the Power of Congress in the Territories. Detroit, August 22, 1855. To the Editor of the Free Press : Sir —The public journals contain a letter dated July 24th, written by Gen. Houston, which has just met my eye, and in which he says lie perceives, by the papers ot the day, that “General Cass has approved the platform of the American order, as proclaimed to the world by the convention at Philadelphia/’ I had observed the state ments to which Gen. Houston alludes, and had let them pass unnoticed, for it would be a hopeless task to endeavor to correct all the misapprehensions and misrepresentations to which it is my lot, as well as that of all other public men, to be exposed in these days of party strife. And, indeed, 1 could not suppose that such assertions would de ceive any one who had heard or had l ead my remarks in the Senate of the United States, on the fifth of Ft braary last, upon the presentation of the la solutions of the Legis lature of Michigan, instructing the Senator* of that State to vote for an act of Congress prohibiting the introduc tion of shivery into the Territories of the United States.— Upon that occasion, while declining to comply with those instructions, I took the opportunity to exprets my senti ments in relation to the new political movement, which sought to acquire aud exercise power by secret combina tions, bound together by the sanctions of an oath, which, it is said, made it the duty of its members to surrender their individual convictions to the expressed w ill ot a ma jority of their associates. 1 then observed “Strange doc trines are abroad, aud strange organizations are employed to promulgate and enforce them. Our political history contains no such chapter in the progress of our country, as that which is now opening. The questions of constitu tionality and policy, which have been so long the battle cry of parties, are contemptuously rejected, and intoler ance, religious and political, finds zealous, aud it may be they will prove successful, advocates in this middle ol the nineteenth century, boasting with much self-complacency oY its intelligence, and in this free-country, founded upon immigration, and grown prosperous and powerful by tole ration. * * * * We want no new parties, no new platforms, no new'organizations, and the sooner these dan j gerous efforts are abandoned, the better will it bo for us, ! and for those who are to follow us in this heritage of free ! dom.” I might well suppose, after the expression of these i views upon the floor of the Senate, and under circumstan l ees of peculiar responsibility, that any futther action on j my part would be unnecessary to prove my consistency, j as a disciple of the school of Washington, aud Jefferson, j aud Madison, and Jackson, in the rejection oI a dangerous | innovation, inconsistent with all the principle* those ps. ! triols taught, aud which, in ciKct, aims to transfer the gieal political duty of an American citizen from the light of day, where it should be exercised in this lain! of free dom, to secret conclaves, as unfriendly toea'm investiga tion, as to wise and patriotic decision, lint the extract I from the letter of Gen. Houston has shoe n me that the.so j reports have received more credit than 1 had believed, i and this consideration has induced me thus publicly to no tice aud to contradict them. My opinion?, indeed, upon any subject are but of little consequence, except to myself; but if they are worth referring to, they are worth the trouble of making the reference a true one. 1 have no sympathy with this plan of political organiza tion—nolle whatever, neither with the means it employs, nor the objects it seeks to attain. Its sec-rosy, its oath bound obligations, its control of the ballot b< \. its system of proscription, striking both at political rights and re ligions duties, mid its inevitable tendency to array one portion of tfie community against another, and to eariy deadly feuds into every corner of Ihe land, of which we have just hud a terrible proof, written in characters of blood, and are doomed to have many more, if this move ment goes <n, lor this is but the fiist iri.xtaihiH rit of death, and how many others arc to follow, and to what extent, and when the last is to be paid, and alter v.hat lamenta ble vicissitudes, is known only to Him who foresees events and can control them —those characteristics maik it as the most dangerous scheme which has ever been introduced into our country to regulate its public action or its social condition. It is the Orangeism of a republic, scarcely better in principle than its monarchical prototype—of a republic whose freedom and equality justify little as they invite the introduction ts a machinery win se opera-* ! lion is concealed from pubi e observa.ion, but whose eon* sequences are as clear as they are alarming. I Gen. Houston gives credence to the report that I j ; prove “the platform ofthe American order, as proclaimed !to the world by the Convention at Philadelphia.” fam arware that changes have been made, both in the name j and in some of the principles of this new organization.— j Rut these changes do not remove my objections to it. — Its spirit of exclusion and intolerance remains, and with ft, its evils and its dangers. It is a book to which 1e: u ; not be reconciled, whatever edition, whether the new one or the old one, is offered to me. There is, indeed, cue principle laid down in that convention which meets ltiy concurrence, and that is, the declaration that “Congnss ought not to legislate upon the subject of slavery, within the territory of the United States.” 1 regret, Jbowevt r, that the body which thus pionouneed against the exercise of the power did not also pronounce against its existence, but carefully pretermitted—to use its own words —the ex pression of any opinion uj>on that point. Still, J approve its action upon the subject, so tar as it goes, li is a step in the right direction, and I should rejoice to see it follow ed by every political patty in our country, it is a step, too, towards the security of political rights—this oj po tion to the legislation of Congress over the imenial all-its of the people of the Territories, and, among others, oar the relation of master and servant, or that of husband and wife, or parent and child; for these matters of domes tic policy are subjects which should be left to the Terri torial communities, and to divest them of the power to regulate them is an act of unmitigated despotism. The negation of all power of interference by Congress in the internal government of the Territories is the true e< ns;L tutional doctrine, and the only safe and practicable one, aud I am rejoiced that after years of opposition—of obk> quy, indeed—it is fast establishing itselt upon impregnable grounds. The misapprehension which has prevailed upon this grave subject is among the most extraordinary {>) I cal events of my time. One would naturally suppose that in this country the dogma of the right of internal gov ernment by an irresponsible legislature over a distant coiu tnuuity, unrepresented in the ruling body, w uld Jiud but little favor, and that the power t** establish and put in operation a government might well be defended, w hile the power io control ail the concerns of human h‘e would b* left without an advocate. , The difference i* hro and ami practical, aud should be the dearer to u*, as it was the very consideration urged by our revolutiomn \ lafheis a their con test with the mother country, which begun 6} ar gument, but end.d by arms. It was asserted a* eai : y s 1174, when the Continental Congress declared that the English colonists “are entitled to a tree and exclusive power of legislation m their several provincial leg.slat ares, where their right 6f repieseutatioo cun alone !>.■ pi tb- r* ved, in a)! cases of taxation and internal poliry, &c “ In that great struggle, the patriots who u tmucui it con. *• fled to the Br'tish Parliament th* netboi ty to . - .7;;! ;■ colonial goyerpmcfits, bat defied thetr to Kqirh and *