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fflu limes & feuliiel. VOLUME IIIJ THE TIMES & SENTINEL. PENNENT LOMAX & ROSWELL ELLIS, editors and proprietors. f(IE raUWEEKLY TIMES A SENTINEL j published EVERY tVEDXESDA Y and FRIDA Y MORJY fXG and SATURDAY EFEXIXG. THE iVGEKtiV TIMES At SENTINEL published every TUESDAY MORXIXG. Office on Bandolph Street, opposite the Post Office. TERMS: Rl-WEEKL Y, Five Dollars per annum, in advance. .VEEKLY, l’wo Dollars per annum,in advance. jf“ Advertisements conspicuously inserted at One Dollar Jls rsquare, for the flrst insertion, and fifty cents for every sub • xiuent insertion. i >eral deduction will be made for yearly advertisements. -tales of Land and Negroes, by Administrators, Executors, or •uardians, are required bylaw to be held on the first Tuesday in the month, between the hours of ten in the forenoon and till ee in the afternoon, at the Court House in thecounty in which the property is situate. Notices o* these sales must be given in % public gazette forty days previous to the day oi sale. ATotices for the sale of Personal Property must be given at east ten days previous to the day of sale. Notice to Debtorsand Creditors o fan Estate must be publish ed forty days. „ , Notlcethat application will be madeto the Court Ordinary for leave to sell Land or Negroes, must be published eekly tor two months. . . , , . . Citations for Letters of Administration must be published thirty days —for Dismission from Administration, monthly six months— for Dismission from Guardianship forty days. Rules for Foreclosure of Mortgage must be published monthly for four months—for establishing lost papers, for the full space if three months— for compelling titles from Executors or Admin istrators, where a bond has been given by the deceased, the full space of three months. Publications willalways be continued according to these, the egal requirements,unless otherwise ordered. ~ BUSINESS CARDS. PRINTING AND BOOK BINDING. HAVING connected with our Printing Office, a full and complete assortment of Book Binder’s tools and stock, and also added to our Prit ting materials, we are now prepared to execute,in good style and with despatch,every kind of work in either branch of the business, on the best terms. BLANK WORK, of every description, with or with out printing, made to order, in the neatest manner. WARE HOUSE PRINTING, Receipts, Drafts, Notes, Bills of Lading, &c., &c., executed neatly and promptly, and bound in any desired style. RAILROAD AND STEAMBOAT BLANKS, of all kinds got up.with accuracy and dispatch. Bill Heads, Cards, Circulars, Hand Bills, Posters, Programmes, &c., See., printed in the shor test notice and in the best style. Magazine and Pamphlets put up in every style o binding. Books o all kinds rebound strongly and neatly. Lomax ellis. Columbus, April 15,1854. DR. TANARUS, STEWART, HAVING returned to Columbus would reepectfnlly an nounce that he lias resumed his practice of Medicine and Surgery. Columbus. Ga., Dee. 7. 1854. wfclwtf OTSa. DENTISTRY. traffic J- FOGLE, D. D. 2. Office on Randolph near Broad Street. Columbus, febl—lßss. w &tt. JOHN PEABODY, ATTORNEY AT LAW , . COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. nF*Office in Warren’s Arcade. oet4—tw-lm. j. a. rox, ATTORNEY AT LAW, COLUMBUS, GA. WILL attend punctually to ail criminal and civil cases en trusted to biin in any of the courts of ttie surrounding countiesof this Slate and Alabama. Office on corner of Broad and Randolph streets, over Manley he Hodges. REFERENCES—Hon. A.lverson, i Teiment Lomax, > Columbus, Ga. Dr. Stanford, S S unuel F. Rice, J- Montgomery, Ala. Columbus, Oct. 4. w&twtf It. J. MOSES, ATTORNEY AT LAW. WARRENS ARCADE. t3TOflice Hours from 9 A. M. to 4 P. N. B. —All business entrusted to me will be faithfully attended to. octll w&twly. ROBERT N. HOWARD, ATTORNEY AT LAW, CRAWFORD, ALA. September 8, 1855. — tw&wtf - ROBERT E. DIXON, ATTORNEY AT LAW, COL UMB US, GEORGIA Office over E. Barnard’s & Co.’s Store April s—wtwly JAMBS HAMILTON. VVM * F * PLANE HAMILTON & PLANE, Attorneys at Law, Columbus, Geo. Will practice in the Courts ot the adjoining counties in this State and Alabama. dec*s—w&twtt. DENTON & PHILIPS, ATTORNEYS AT LAW. ii? ILL Practice in the different courts ot Rust, ell county, Alabama. ADDRES*"* R. WATSON DENTON, JOHN M. I’HILITS, Columbus, Ga. Crawford, Ala Sept 15, 1854. w&twly. PEYTON H. COLQUITT, A TTORNEY A T LAW, COl ITJUBUS, GA. r*r Office in St. Mary’s Bask Building. may2d wAtwtf * J. M. RUSSELL, ATTORN - Y A T Is AW , Office at present.with G E Thomas, Esq., over JR - Old &Cos Broad s treet--Clumb.. G.or . a. Columns, April 9, IoJ- ~~ RAGS! RAGS ! _ _ THE ROCK ISLAND PAPER MILLS . • a iinee ania half cents cash per lb. A RE payiDo . , Jjj n lu qualities ot one hun- XY forclean Linen anu oouon nuantities under <dred pounds and upwards, and 3 cents tor quaniu.es W lbs. Woolen Rags not wautet. PALACE MILLS. Office in trout ot ‘ w &. lw tf. Columbus, Ga., Jtfay 9, 1855- PRICES’ REDUCED. cotton yarns for sale At 80 cents per. Bunch, “Cash.” July 11-"’twtf, WINTER FACTORY. ™L U . N 1 0 Y 0F THE STATES AND t HE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES.” COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 7, 1855 RICHARD HOOPER, COMMISSION MERCHANT, CHATTANOGHA, TENN. WlLLattend promptly to the purchase of COUNTRY PRODUCE, or any other business entrusted to his care. May 13—twly LUMBER, LUMBER.^ THE undersigned are prepared to furnish Oak, Hickory, Poplar, Ash, Beach and Pine Lumber from their Mill at market prices, delivered on Railroad or in Columbus. Per sons wishing lumber, will leave their bills at the Auction Room of Harrison, Austin & McGehee, where they will be promptly attend to. _dec_23— twtt: WHITTELSEY & BRO. DR. T. S. TUGGLE, OFFICE ;OVER MFLLFORD’S ON BROAD STREET, COLUMBUS. GEORGIA. Columbus, January 10th, 1855. twly. ROPE. FIVE HUNDRED COILS FANCY KENTUCKY BALE ROPE. Just received and for sale atihe Alabama Warehouse by J. I. RIDGWAY. Columbus, Ga., May 4—twtf NOTICE. OUR Store was brok e n into on the night of the 2d inst, and all our notes and papers taken therelrom. All persons who have executed any notes payable to us or to A.S. Hays, or who may know the tact of our holding their notes or obligations, are heieby cautioned agait st paying them to any person except J. W.Sappington or to us. jiilyll—twtf ]). P. ELLIS & CO. Weekly Enquirer and Corner Stone copy twice. Drs. BROOKS & CARRIGER. fll AVlNGassociated themselves together in the various branches of their profession, they will be enabled there by to give more general satisfaction to all who may favor them with ther confidence. Dr. Carriger is fully prepared and will .five special attention to al I cases of'SURGED Y entrusted to his care. Office iu Winter’s Bank Building. Columbus,.lan. 14—twtf EAGLE MANUFACTURING CO. COLUMBUS, GA. THE Factory, now being in full operation, is able to supply (on their usual terms) promptly as ordered, the various styles of their Manufactures, which consists of the following variety: YARNS,OSNABURGS,4-4 SHEETINGS 1 SHIRT ING, Cotton Stripes, of great variety of Pattern; COTTON ADEN, embracing many newsttyles; Negro Kerseys & Pine Knot Plains; Planters’ Casimsres, Truck for Trowsers, Sewing Thread, Shop Twine, Mattresses, Batting ,&c. 83?° To Cash purchasers inducements will be offreed dec‘2B—twtf. J. R.BROWNE, Ag’t. S AR fully inform his friends and the “citizens oi Columbus that he will return to his duties rn or about, the 20th of Sept’r. He would also add that he will bring with him large and splendid assortment oi'New and Fashionable JMUStu, vocti as well as Instrumental. aug-28—twtf WARM SPRINGS, ~ M MERIWETHER COUNTY, GA. TH IS deligf.tful Watering Place is now open for the reception of visitors. Jue2l—twif. J. L. MUSTIAN, Proprietor. Montgnomery Journal copy. _ WANTED, EMPLOYMENT by a Book-Keeper, fully competent, having had 7 years experience. Apply at this office, or by letter to Box 268, P. O, Columbus, Ga., July 31, 1855—twtl. THE HOWARD FACTORY Is now selling Domestics and Yarns, At the Usual Rates, 10 Per Cent off, FOR CASH. Columbus. Ga February 19. w tf* RIDDLE’S Fashionable Daguerrean Gallery. mHE Proprietor hasthe largest, neatest, and most fpshiona- j JL bly arranged GALLERY lor the Art in the State. He uses the best material, and allows nothing but first class Pictures to leave It is Booms. So forget not, ye I eve rs of the Fine Arts, when ye sally forth to obtain those imperishable-gems, to call on RIDDLE. He will give you a Handsome a Good Daguerreo type. As for taking children, family groups, Steriscopes, out door views, &c., he defies any Artist intbe country to surpass him. Roo nson Broad Street, over C. Mygatt’s Dry Goods Store. Columbus, a. mar 31 tw 9 in. EO R SALE. TH F. HOUSE AND LOT at present occupied by the subscriber. Possession given immediately. H. T. HALL. j ~S ” I April 20, 1855—twtf MARINE AND FIRE INSURANCE BANK OF SAVANNAH. AGENCY AT COLUMBUS, TTTlLLreceive Deposits —and Checks for saleon New York VY Macouand Savannah. Apri 124-twtf RICHARD PATTEN. j DANCING ACADEMY. MR. C. H. CLEVELAND, WOULD most respectfully announce to the citizeus ol Columbus, that he Wiil commence the exercises ol his Dancing Academy the first week in October. Ail the genteel and fashionable Dances ot the day will be taught during the session. . ‘Perms of tuition made known hereafter by circulars. Sept. 20-twtf. ‘ Wanted A SITUATION, bv a young man aged 17—a good penman acconntanu ami willing to make himself generally use ul Address Box 179, P. O. septß—twtf. TO THE MUSICAL WORLD. THE undersigned would respectfully in pirm the citizens ot Columbus that hehasre rrrm turned from the North and will resume his lesson* on, Monday Get. Ist He would be obliged to [hose who wish to avail themselves ot his services, to make an early application as the number ol hts pupils will he limited. _ NEW AND FASHIONABLE MUSIC. The undersigned offers for sale a large assortment ol New and Fashionable Music. It has bv himself,during his recent visit to the North, and lonus the best assortment ever brought to this market. . > A large discount will be made to teachers of mutic, at.d to Principals ol Academies and Cojiege*. r , Rooms over Merry’s Clothing btore Broad .t Col jm bus Ga. sep2stwtf fL_^SARONL_ OAT STRAW, THE Rock Island Paper Mills want to purchaselOO tons of CLEAN INSIDE SHUCKS andl 50 tons oi OAT_- STRAW, for which will be paid per ton be paid, delivered in i Columbus, Ga., July 31, lsoo tw&wtl. TRI-WEEKLY. [ HENRY W. VERSTILLE, Commission & Forward’g Merchant, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, REFERENCE sT Hon.. John W. \nderson, Savannah, Ga. Messrs. II dcombe, Johnson &.Co. “ Hon. Henry W.Hiliiard, Montgomery, Ala. M ij. lohn H. Howard, Columbus, Da. Dr. Henry Lockhart, “ “ E. B. Young, Esq , F.ufaula, Ala. junlSwtwtt J. C. RUSE, J. H. DAVIS, W. H. LONG. ■"ruse; da vis” & long,” COMM ISSION MERCIIANTS AND SHIPPING AGENTS, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA. WILL purchase and sell cotton and other produce on com mission, and strictly attend to forwardinggoods and filling or ders lroin ihe country. Ruse, Patten & Cos., agents Columbus, by whom liberal ad vances will be madeon consignments either to or through us to our friends in Liverpool or the North. July 9, 1853—w&twtf ANDREWS, RIDGWAY &, CO. DEALERS IN STAPLE DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, WINES, LIQUORS, &C., &G. (Four Doors below Hill & Dawson’s old Corner) It HOAD STREET, COLUMBUS, GA. Columbus, Oct 15, 1853.—tw&wtf DISSOLUTION, THE firm of H ALL &. MOSF.S was dissolved on the first of January, 1855, by ihe death ot’J. 1. Moses. lIERVEY HAL.L, Surviving Partner. COPARTNERSHIP NOTICE. THE undersigned have entered into the HARD-tfS. .E B USINESS, under the turn aid mime of HALL, MOSES & CO. IIF.RVEY HALL, ISAAC 1. MOSES, JACOB P HEN RICK? WILLIAM A. BEACH. February 13,1855. w&twtf. IUvtGING and bale rope •j A A Bales India Bagging. lUU 500 Coils Rope. For sale by GREENWOOD A GRTMES. Columbus, Sept 13, 1854—tw&,wtf SPECIAL NOTICE. IN order that our customers may understand the terms on which we Uade, we have thought it advisable to publish them. They are as follow's: For all purchases on time, payments will be required twice a year; say Ist May and Ist January. On all amounts unpaid at the times specified, we shall claim and expect interest until paid. E. BARNARD, &, CO. Columbus. Jan. Ist ’55. janll—w&twtf. . BACOM & FLOUR. JUST RECEIVED. IAA AAA POUNDS TENNESSEE BACON. Xv/UqUc/v/ 100 Sacks Tennessee Flour. 40 Bbis. Howard Street Flour—a SuperiorAtbfJ* Tofffttljpr with ‘A wail iStocIC oi WiiUv which will be sold at the lowest market price Bv ANDREWS, RIDGWAY & CO. Columbus Ga .. Mav 29, 1855 vv&twif. WRAPPING AND NEWS PAPER, OF ALL SIZES AND QUALITIES, ’FOR Si LE AT it Rock Island Paper Mill Office, IN FRONT OF PALACE MILLS. TERMS CASH. junelG—w&twtf “OLD TOM” GIN. TU?T received a Superior article of “OT.h TONl” GIN in Bottles —a delicious beverage, and a most excel lent, article for medical purposes Also a Su] erior articleol Potash in tin Cans. junl2—twtf. P. A. CLAYTON. PERRY DAVIS’ OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. ?U E take pleasure in referring The reeder to the testimo ni Is of our prominent druggists and well known citi zens to the virtue of Davis’ Pain Killer. We have used the article aud found it valuable. The sate ot this i rticle iu the United States is beyond all precedent, as the books oi the of fice will show. —Cincinnati Commercial. Davis’ Vegetable Pain Killer.— We referour readers to an advertisement with tire above caption, in the advertising columns of this morning’s Eagle. We first heard ot this med icine during a recent visit to the New England States, and be ing struck with tie novelty of the title, we were induced to make some enquiry about it, aid were surprised to learn that it was kept cous'antP in the houses of most of the inhabi tants ol the cities andvillages where we stopped, to be used in casesof sudden attacksofpai.i,burns, scalds, &c . ar.d we heard it spoken oi in terms of high commendation by both druggists and physicians. Tuis much we can with propriety say asjournalists,in favor of the article. —[Philadelphia Eagle. Pelrv Davis’ /euktablk Pain Kil' er.— Voluntarily, conscienciouslv, cud with much pleasure, we recommend *.o our readers the above named medicine. Ve speak lroin our own observation and experience when we say that it removes pain as ifbv m i&ic from all parts of the body, and is one ot the best medicines in use for checking Diarrhoea, and tor re moving the premonitory symptomps ol cholera. It is applied both internally and externally, with the best effects, and none who have once u<ed the Pain Killer would willingly be with out it constantly in their houses. —[Cincinnati Eve. Nonpareil. Davis’Pain Killer- — This article needs no comment from us, but the real v’ orth us so valuable a compound, compels us to givepublicity to it, in our Transcript. Mi. Perry Davis, the manufacturer and inventor, is a gentleman tor whom we enter tain tt3 hisrhest respect, and any article he should offer to the public we should have the [utmost confidence in. The Pain Killer we ketp constantly <>n h .nd, and have done so for aniim berof years, and have administered ittorailsof all descrip tions. both external end internal,and have ever found it to be tae best reined v extant. We well reflect its first introduction for public patronage} it was then sold in a few shops in this city; look at it now. the world are its patrons. A few- days ago wepiblisheda certificate from burin ah, and we have ollen seeuihera from the most remote habitable regions of the globe. Reader, if you have not a supply on hand, (we trust you have, as it is almost indispensable) procureit at once,and nev er be without it again—it will save mauy a physician’s bill.— Providence Dailv Transcript. For sale by RUBT. CARTER and DAN FORTH fit NAGEL. Columbus,andalao by Druggists and Medicine Dealers every where. septll — w&twtl. GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE. Executive Department, ) Milledgtville, Nov. 6th, 1855. $ Felloic Citizens of The Senate and House of Representatives ; You have assembled, as the representatives of the peo ple, to review the administration of the State Government, for the last two years, and to enact such laws as your wis dom may dictate, to be necessary for the promotion of the public welfare. You meet under circumstances well calculated to awaken gratitude to Heaven. For al though the*previous year was one of drought and com parative scarcity, aud memorable for the melancholy ravages of Yellow Fever upon our principal seaport c 'ty, jet, the temporary frown of Providence has pass ed away, and again we bask in his beneficent smiles. Peace, health and prosperity reign throughout our bor ders; we still enjoy the blessings of civil and religious liberty ; all things combine to provoke us to that righ eousness which “exalteth a Nation.” Treasury. I herewith submit the Report of the Tieasurer, ex hibiting fully the operations of his Department, for the last two fiscal years, ending on the 20th of October. It appears that there was at that date, an available balance in the Treasury of $90,793 24. Ihe Western & Atlantic Railroad paid into the Treasury, in 1854, the sum of $50,000. There were also collected from the Federal Government, on account ol Military claims, $11,331 79. In 1855 and prior to the Ist of October, the Western & Atlantic Railroad paid in the further sum of SIOO,OOO 00. The Treas urer also received on account of the sale of the revert ed lauds in the Cherokee region, sold under an act of the last Legislature, the sum of $19,302 61. From the sale of the State's interest in lands on the Chat tahoochee, under an act of the last session, he rectived the further sum of $1,993 11. Hence, for the two fis cal years, the Treasury has received the aggregate sum of $152,627 49, from extraordinary sources, not an- j tieipated by the last Legislature, in the estimate of reve nue. The aggregate receipts of the Treasury, from or dinary sources, for the two years, was $930,24-1 (3 ; and the actual aggregate of disbursements, for the same time, was $946,874 97 : showing, that there would have been a dt licit, without the receipts fiom these ex> traordinary sources, of $15,730 94. Now, the act of the 24th of December, 1845, creates a lien upon the Western & Atlantic Railroad, and its nett earnings for the redemption of the Bonds, amounting to $125,- 500 00, which it authorised to be issued for the exten- sion of that work. They fall due in July and Decem ber, 1856. But seeing that a deficit in the Treasury to meet the demands upon it, must necessarily occur ; finding it also impracticable to call in these Bonds, ex cept to the amount of $19,500, and feeling perfectly au uikjcui, me iuiure proceeds oi me noad will be amply sufficient to meet the balance of $106,000 00 befoie or at maturity, I directed the Treasurer to carry the monies paid in, from that sjurce, into the genera fund, use them in the payment of the public Debt and interest, and the regular operations of the Treasury. The Commitiee of Finance on the State of the Trea 1 sury, &e., culled my attention to the immense item of expenses for the services of Clerks in both branches of ihe General Assembly. I have investigaled this sub ject, by actual examination of the President’s and Spea ker’s Warrants from 1533 down to the present time, including the last session. The aggregate expenses of the two Houses, per Session, on this score, from 1833 down to the session of 1549-50, ranged from $1,290 00 to $8,833; the latter sum being the largest expendi ture of any one session during that period. For the session of 1849-50, the expense for Clerks’ hire of the two Houses was $18,286 00: for 1851-2, it was $17,- 212 00, and for 1853-4, it was $33,150 00. The enormous expenditures of the three last Sessions of the Legislature evince extravagance and call for retrench ment and reform. Taxation. Locking at the large liabilities of the Western & At lantic R.ilroad, to mature in 1856, and tho heavy de mands upon its receipts, to perfect its equipment, 1 sub mit, that it will be wise to adhere to the policy of rais ing, by taxation, the amount necessary to defray the expenses of the Government, and meet the ordinary drafts upon the Treasury. The nett earnings of the Road should be faithfully applied to the extingu shment of the large public debt created for its constriction ; tixi ton should furnish the revenue until that shall have been accomplished. 1 shall not enter into a discussion of the principle upon which the tax should be levied. The ad valorem is the only correct principle. It may now, I trust, be considered as the fixed policy of Georgia; for it has vin dicated itself by experimen', and the public mind is satisfied of its wisdom. The existing system may ueed amendment, in its details, but you should adhere to the principle on whioh it is bnssd. Public Debt and Credit. On the 20sh of October last, the Public Debt, in cluding the 6 per cent, bouds issued for the payment of claims against the State, on account of the Darien Brnk, was $2,641,222 22 Since the action of the last Legislature, the Central Bank 7 per cent, bonds are considered as part of the Public and consequent ly the balance outstanding, amounting to $296,000, are embraced in this estimate. I refer you to the report of the Treasurer, and to the accompanying Re port of the Finance Committee on the State Treasury, <frc., for tabular statements of ihe amount of the bonds which constitute tlie State Debt, tluir rate of interest, when and where payable, and the pay ments made du ring the two past financial years. The credit of the State is now good—a source of congratulation to every Georgian. It should not only be preserved, but every means adopted to increase and sttengthen it. It is rtmaikable that the Bonds of Geor gia command a less price than the Bonds of other States that owe a much larger debt. This is a fact which should arrest the attention of the Legislature.— I apprehend that, upon examination, the reason will be found to be, that our Bonds are mainly payaLle in Au gusta, Savannah, and at the Treasury. This is true of all the issues, except those of July Ist, 1852, and these amount to but $525,000, payable in New York. They were negotiated for a premium cf five per cent, while the issues under the aot of Dee. 4th, 1831, the interest of which is payable semi-annually in Savannah, were negotiated at au average premium of but two per cent. This furnishes a striking illustration of the advantage of making our State bonds payable in New York. This is the great commercial emporium of the Union, and thither capital flows, from all points, to seek investment, lienee, as a means of appreciating the credit of the State 1 recommend the Legislature to authorize the calling in of all the State Bonds, including the Central Bank 7 per cents, not payable in New York, and the issuing of others in their stead, of similar tenor, dates and amounts respectively, payable at that point. It will also impart simplicity and uniformity to the operations of the Treas ury. By an act of the last Legislature, approved 17th Feb, 185-1, I was directed to issue State Bonds, iu lieu of the outstanding Bonds of the Central Bank, it was im. possible to effect the arrangement contemplated by a literal exchange of bonds. The interest on the new, was limited to six, whereas the old Central Bank Bonds sought to be called in, bore 7 per cent. Os course, the holders would not receive the former, in lieu of the latter. That act also required the issue of new Bonds, in lieu of certain other Bonds of this State, printed on in ferior paper, mutilated and of inconvenient amounts.— The holders of these bonds, with one exception, have not applied for the benefit of the act ; and therefore, it was not deemed expedient to incur the expense of a new engraving. By adopting the policy above recom mended, both objects of the Act will be accomplished* and contribute much to the public good, since it will form a part of the plan for simplifying the State debt and appreciating its cferit. Under the act of 24th December, 1845, “to extend the Western & Atlantic Railroad, and to provide means therefor,” (5 per cent. Bonds were issued to the amount of $125,500 00, signed by the Governor, and counter signed ly the then Chief Engineer, and payable ten years after date. They were issued on the Ist of Do* cember and July, 1846, and consequently, fall duo the Ist of December and July, 1856. In anticipation of their maturity, $19,500 00 of the bonds have been paid, leaving a balance of $106,000 00 unpaid. The Act re ferred to gives to the holders of these Bonds a para mount lien upon the Road and its nett earnings,for their redemption. Hence, the clean receipts of the Road must be appropriated to the satisfaction of these liabili- ties ; and there is no doubt, but they will be amply suf ficient to meet them all before or at maturity. After that, they may be used in any manner the Legislature may direct. Therefore, if the amount neoessary for the administration of the Government, be authorized to be raised by Taxation, as recommended in another part Western & Atlantic Railroad should be appropriated to the payment of the Public Debt. There is obvious pro priety in this policy. Most of the Debt was oreated for the construction of the Road, and it i3 therefore proper, that it should first discharge liabilities to the State. As a large portion of the Public Debt will fall due at the same time, ‘lie Executive should be clothed with discre tion to make such application of the money, derived from that source, as will avoid the embarrassment which such heavy maturities must produce. I therefore re spectfully submit, that, after the payment of these Bonds and reserving enough from time to time, to meet its lia bilities proper, as they may fall due, the nett earnings of the State Road should constitute a Sinking Fund, permanently set apart for the purpose indicated. The Western <s• Atlantic Railroad. I herewith submit the two annual Repotts of the Superintendent of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, exhibiting its operations for the fiscal years 1854 and 1855. They show a steady and h : gh!y encouraging increase of its business and a commendable curtailment of its expenditures. As these documents furnish all the data for the formation of a correct opinion as to what should be the future policy of the Road, so far as re lates to the regulation of its tariff'of freights, I shall in dulge in no speculations upon that subject ; but leave it, in all its bearings, to the wisdom of the Legislature, It is one of great moment, and can only be correctly settled by facts, its connection with other roads, and the light of experience. If you design it to be a paying road, then the policy obviously is, to adjust its freight schedule, in reference to its connection with others. If you are content, that it shall be kept up mainly for the accommodation cf the section through which it run 6, and as the means of affording the low, with facilities for procuring the products of the up country, without spe cial reference to profit, then it may be treated and conducted as an independent work. The Road is the people’s property, constructed for their common bene fit, and therefore, it is peculiarly appropriate for you, as iheir representatives, to prescribe tho line of policy to be pursued. Nor is it necessary to discuss the v arion lans sug gested for its future management. Some insist, that it should be sold, either in part or in whole, so as to sever its ownership from the State, or to give its con trol to private individuals. Others urge that it-should be leased fur a term of years. These propositions wtre discussed by my immediate predecessor, and con sidered by the last Legislature. They have also, in the mean time, engaged the popular mind, to a considera ble extent, and you are doubthss prepared to repre sent correctly, by your action, the public sentiment.— Another mode proposed is, to place its management in the hands of a Board composed of three Commissioners, to be chosen by the people. I refer to these proposi tions to demonstrate what I believe to be indispensable to meet the expectations of the people of the whole State—and that is, the necessity of removing its admin istration beyond the arena of politics—of taking it from Executive control—of making it independent of party influences. However widely different these various propositions are, they afturd conclusive evidence of tho restlessness of the popular mind on the subject. The sentiment is all pervading, and is manifested in a thou sand forms, that this is expected and demanded at your hands. How it shall be done, is tbe question for your wisdom. I have no hesitation in expressing the firm belief, that it were better to adopt any one of these pro positions, than to permit the Road to be managed under t he present mode of ita organization. The idea of this [NUMBER 133