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®ht times & Sentinel. VOLUME IHj THE TIMES & SENTINEL.^ fBNNENT LOMAX & ROSWELL ELLIS, EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS. ffHB TiU-WEEKLY TIMES fc SENTINEL • published EVERY WEDMESDA Y and FRIDA Y MURA- I \f l and SATURDAY „ THE WEERuY TIMES fc SENTINEL published every TUESDAY MURA’IA’Q. Office on Randolph Street, opposite the Post Office. TERMSS VRI-WEEKL Y, Five Dollars per annum, in advance. Two Dollars per annum,in advance# inserted at Ome Dollar , for the first insertion, and fifty cents for every sub B ,q U>*“rirt deduction will be made for yearly advertisements. Sales of Land and Negroes, by Administrators, Executors, or ;.urdians, are required by law to be held on the first Tuesday in the month, between the hours of ten in the forenoon and th, ee in the afternoon, at the Court House in thecounty in which os, lT.lK.to. Notice. o‘ the*, Mj be *tve„ * stve, a, ‘'“'is SlHSk'n UdcJSitoi ofLlEatate must be publish- application will be ma.leto the Court > Ordinary for leave to sell Land or Negroes, must be published eekly lor Citations for Letters of Administration must be published thirty Ttys for Dismission from Administration, monthly six ninth- -for Dismission from Guardianship forty day*. Rules for foreclosure of Mortgage must be published monthly for four months —for establishing lost papers, for the full space Os three months- for compelling titles from Executors or Admin istrators. where a bond has been given by the deceased, the full wW always be continued according to these,the >galre inirements, unless otherwise ordered. BUSINESS CARDS. TOINTTNG~ANFBOoFiINDING. HAVING connected with our Printing Office, a full and complete assortment of Book Binders tools and stock. and also added to our Prii. ting materials, we are now prepared to execute,in good style and with despatch,every kind of work in either branch of the business, on the best ter LV!VK WORK, of every description, with or with out printing, made to order, in the neatest manner. WARE If Oils M IMUNTING, Receipts, Dratts ; Notes, Bills of Lading, &c., &c., executed neatly and promptly, and bound in any desired style. It ULRUAI) ANI) STEAMBOA T BLANKS, of all kinds got up. with accuracy and dispatch Itill Heads, Cards, Circulars, Hand Hills, Posters, Programmes, &c., &c., printed in the shor test notice and in the best style. Niagara tie and Pamphlets pu* up in every style o binding. . , , , Bookso all kinds rebound strongly and neatly. LOMAX ELLIS Columbus, April 15,1854. DR. TANARUS, STEWART, n HAVING returned to Columbus would reepectfnlly an nouncethat he has resumed his practice of Medicine and Surgery. Golumbus, On.. Dec. 7. 1854. w&twtf^ DENTISTRY. flag® J. FOGLE, D. D. 2. tsr Office on Randolph near Broad Street. Columbus, fehl— JOHN PEABODY, ATTORNEY AT LAW, COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. in Warren’s Arcade. oct4 —twain. J. A. FOX, ATT 011 N K Y AT LAW, COLUMBUS , GA. WILL attend punctually to al criminal ami civil cases in trusted to him in any of the courts oi the surrounding conntiesof thisS.ate and Alabama. Office on corner of Broad and Randolph streets, over Manley &. Hodges. REFERENCES—Hon. A. Iverson. J Tennent Lomax, > Columbus, Ga. 1 >r. Stanford, 1 S unuel F. Rice, > Montgomery, Ala. Columbus, Oct. 4. w * lwt> R. J. MOSES, ATTORNEY AT LAW. WA UR EN’ S A RCA DE. Hours from-9 A. M. to 4P. N-R.—All business entrusted to me will be faithfully attended to. oetll w&iwly. ROBERT N. HOWARD, ATTORNEY AT LAW, CRAWFORD, ALA. September 8, 1855. twfrwtf. “"ROBERT E. DIXON, attorney at law, COL UM B US, GEORGIA Office over E. Barnard’s &, Co.’s Store April s —wtwly JAMES HAMILTON. VV M. F. PLANE HAMILTON & PLANE, Attorneys at Law Columbus, Geo. Will practice in the Courts ol the adjoining counties io this State and Alabama. decs— w&twtt. DENTON & PHILIPS, ATTORNEYS AT L A W . W/tLL Practice in the different courts of Russell county, Alabama. ADDRES^ R. WATSON DENTON, JOHN M. PHILIPS, Columbus, Ga. Crawford, Ala Sept 15, 1854. v>Saw\y. PEYTON H. COLQUITT, ATTORNEY at law, CO 3 UJIBUS, GA. • jy Officejjfl St. Mary's Rank Building. wA-twtf inaySti 1_ ” 7 J. M. BUSSELL, ATTOK \■ Y AT I> AW , Coluiuaus, April 9, 185a. ___________ RAGS! SAGS 1 ~ THE ROCK IS-L AND PAPER MILLS 100 lbs. Woolen Rags not wuntec. palaEE MILLS. Office in front of w&lwtf. Columbus, Ga., A/ay 9, 1855 PRICES REDUCED. COTTON YARNS FOR SALE At 80 cents per. Bunch, “Cash.” ,uly n--twtf. WINTER FACTORY. “THE UNION OF THE STATES AND THE,. SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATES.” RICHARD iJpPEIf; COMMISSION KRCHANT, CHATTANOGHA, TENN. WILL attend promptly to the purchase of COUNTRY PRODUCE, or any other business entrusted to his care. May 13—twly . LUMBER, LUMBER. THE undersigned are prepared to furnish Oak, Hickory, Poplar, Ash, Beach and Pine Lumber from their Mill at market prices,delivered on Railroad or in Columbus. Per sons wishing lumber, will leave their hills at the Auction Room of Harrison,-Austin & McGehee, where they will be promptly attend to. dec 23-twtf. WHITTELSEY & BRO. DR. T. S. TUGGLE, OFFICE lOVER MIILLFOKD’S OS BROAD STREET, COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. Columbus, January 10th, 1855. twly. ROPE. FIVE HUNDRED COILS FANCY KENTUCKY BALE ROPE. Justreceivedand for sale at the Alabama Warehouse by J. I. RIDGWAY. Columbus, Ga., May 4—twtf NOTICE. OUR Store was brnk fc n into on the night of the 2d inst, and all our notes and papers taken therefrom. All persons who have executed any notes payable to us or to A.S. Hays, or who may know the tact of our holding their notes or obligations, are heieb) cautioned agaii st paying them to any person except J. VV. Sappington or to us. fulyA—twtf I>. P* KLI.IS & CO. Weekly Enquirer and Corner Stone copy twice. Drs. BROOKS & CARRIGER fll AVING associated themselves together in tne various branches of heir profession, they will lie enabled there by to give more general satisfaction to all who may favor them with t.he ; r confidence. Dr. Carriger is fully prepared and willgi ve special attention to all cases ol SURGERY entrusted to hiscare. IfgP* Office in Winter’s Bank Building. Oohimhus, Jan. 14—twt.i EAGLE MANUFACTURING CO. COLUMBUS, GA. THE Factory, now being in lull operation, is able to supply (on their usual term-) promptly as ordered, the various styles ol their Manufacutures, which consists ol the following variety: YARNS, OSNABURGS,-4-4 SHEETINGS * SHIRT ING, Cotton S’ripes, of great variety of Pattern; COTTO N A I)KS, embracing many new stty les; Negro Kerseys & Pine Knot Plains; Planters’ Casimeres, Truck for Trowsers. Sewing Thread, Shop Twine, Mattress**, Batting ,&c. CjSP To Cash purchasers inducements will be offieed dec2B—twtf. J. R. BROWNE, Ag’t. fully iylbim his friends and the citizens 01 G iunribus that he wi li return to his duties <n or abou tlie 30 th of Sepl’r. He would also add that he will bring with him a large and splendid assortment of New and Fashionable MUSIC, Vocal as well as Instrumental. aug B—twtf WARM SPRINGS, MERIWETHER COUNTY, GA. jJipipT THIS delightful Watering Place is now open for the -fciiJLa. reception of visitors. .Tune2l—twif. J. M intgnomery Journal copy. WANTED, EMPLOYMENT by a Book Keeper, fully competent, having had 7 years experience Apply at this othce, or by letter to Box ‘268. P. O, Columbus, Ga., July 31, 1855—twif. THE HOWARD FACTORY Is now selling Domestics and Yarns, At the Usual Rates, 10 Per Cent cfF, FOR CASH. Columbus. Ga February i9. wtf. RIDDLE’S Fashionable Daguerrean Gallery. rpHE Propiietor has the'bngeM neatest, and most feshiona- X biy arranged GALLERY lor the Ait in the State. He uses thebest material, and allows nothing but first class Pictures to leave his Pootns. So forget not, ye levers of the Fine Arts, when ye sally forth to obtain those imperishable-gems, to call on RIDDLE. EG will give you a Handsome Picture and a Good Dagimrreo ,\p . As for takin ‘ children, family groups, Sterbcopes.nnt d >or views, At he.defies any Artist in the country to surpass him. Roo :s on Broad Street, over C. Mygatt’s Dry-Goods S ore. Columbus, •a. murJl—tw9m. FO R SALE. TIN - . II >USE ANf> LOT at present occupied Ly the subscrib- r. Possession given immediately. jjjss| H. r. HALL. April 20. 1655—twtf MARINE AND FIRE INSURANCE BANK OF SAVANNAH. AGENCY AT COLUMBUS, .\ T ILI. receive Deposits —andOhecks t'orsaleon New York \\ Maconand Savannah. April-24—twtf RICHARD PAVEN. DANCING ACADEMY. MR. C. 11. CLEVELAND, YI7OULD most respectfully announce to the citizens of Columbus, that he wiil commence the exercises ol his , Dancing Academy the first week in October. All the genteel and fashionable Dances of the day will be taught during the session. Verms of tuition made known herealter by circulars. Sept. 20-twtf. Wanted A SITUATION, by a vouug mail aged 17—a good penman A accoaman., and willing to make himself generally use ul Address Box 179, P. O. seplß—twtt. TO THE MUSICAL WORLD. ■—THR undersigned would respecttul'y ia the citizens of Columbus that he has rc nq l I’turned from the North and wili resume his lesson* on, Monday Oct. Ist. He would be obliged to those who wish to avail themselves of his services, to make an early application as the number of his pupil> will he limited. NEW AND FASHIONABLE MUSIC. The undersigned offers for sale a large assortment o! New and Fashionable Music. It has been selected hv himself,during his recent visit to the North, and forms the best rssortment ever brought to this market. A arge and scount wili be made to teacheis of music, and to i iincipals of Academies and Colleges. Rooms over Merrv’s ‘-loihiug Store. Broad ftt.Conrn bus Ga. sep2stwtf H ol s OAT STRAW, HTHE Rock Island Paper Mills want to purcha <| DO L tonsol CLEAN INSIDE SHUCKS and 50 uns oi OAT STRAW, for which will he paid Stb per ton be paid, delivered in bales. I Columbus, Ga., Ju y 31, 1855—tw&vti. COLMdBIJLifcEORGIA FRIDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 9, 1855 TRI-WEEKLY. . HENRY W. VRRSTILLE, Commission & Forward’g Merchant, Hon. John W. \ndersoh. J3avauinah, Ga. Messrs. II deoinbe, foliLsyb & Go. “ Hon. Henry W. Hiliidrarolniitgouiery, Ala. Maj. John H. HowardjUlßmihus, i.a. Ur. llenrv liOckha<-t^^pF‘* E. B. Young, Esq , Ala. junlßwtwtt J. C. RUSE, J. ||W)AVIS, W. 11. LONG. RUSE; DAVIS ‘ & LONG, COMMISSION MERCHANTS AND SHIPPING AG MTS, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA. WILL purchase andsell cotton .and other produce on com mission, and strictly attendto forwardinggoods and filling or ders Irom the country. Ruse, Patten & Cos., agents Columbus, by whom liberal ad vances will be madeon consignments either to or through us to our friends in Liverpool or the North. July 9, 1853—w&twtf ANDREWS, RIDGWAY &7ca DEALERS IN STAPLE DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, WINES, LIQUORS, &C., &C. (Four Doors below Hill &, Dawson’s old Corner) BROAI) STREET, COM Ml* US, LA. Columbus, Oct 15,1853. —tw&wtf DISSOLUTION, THE firm of HALL& MCSI S was dissolved on the first ol January, 1855, by the Ceaili of i. !. Moses. HCRVEY H ALL, surviving Partner. COPARTNERSHIP NOTICE. THE undersigned have entered into the IIARD-tY/ .E B USIA'ESS, under the firm so <1 name of HALL, MUSES &. CO. HERVEY HA 1.1., IS AAC 1 MOSES, J \COB P HEVWIPK’’ WIL, TAM A. BEACH. Puhrnsrv H. IBSS. wVtutf BAvtGING AND BALE ROPE. 1A A R fl les India Bagging. l\Jv/ 500 Coils Ro>e. For s-alo by GREENWOOD \ CRIMES. Columbus, Sept 13, 1854—tw&.wtl S BE€ l AL N OTIC I . IN order that our customers may understand the terms on which we Uade, we .have thought it advisable to publish them. They are as follows: For all purchases on time, payments will be required twice a year; say Ist May and Ist January On all amounts unpaid at Retime* specified, we shall claim and expect interest until paid. E. BARNARD, <fe CO. Columbus. Jan. Ist.’ss. janll—w&.lwtl. BACON & FLOUR. JUST RECEIVED. tAA AAA POUNDS TENN ESS EE BAC ON. 40 Bhls. Howard Street Flour—a Superior Article. Together with a well assorted S'ock of (RO( (OKIES which willbesold at th. lowest market price Bv ANDREW S, RIDGWAY ft. GO. Columbus Ga.. IVlnv 29, 18b5 w\ twtf WRAPPING INI) NEWS P.APKH, OF ALL SIZES AND QUALITIES, ■FOR Sji LE AT Rock Island Paper Mill Office, IN FRONT OF PALACE M ILLS. TERMS CASH. junelG—w&twtf “OLD TOM” GIN. ” rUBT received a Superior article of t ‘ r 'l,o TOM” MN in Bottles —a delicious beverage, and a most- excellent nr cl* formedical purp >ses Alsoa Suj er.ov arfice ol Potash inliu Cans. junl‘2—twtf. P. A. CLAYTON. # PERRY DAVIS’ OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. VX7 F. take pleasure in referring ibe reader to the testimo- YV ui Is of our prominent druggists arid well known citi zens to the virtue of Davis’Pain Killer. VYe tiave Hsed the article and found it valuable. The sale o* this article in the United States is beyond all precedent, as the b-_oksol the-of fice wills o-v.—Giuc uii.ni Commercial. Davis’ i kiistable Paix Killer.— We refer our readersto an advertisement wii h the above caption, in the advertising columns of this morning’s Cagle. We first heard ot this med icine during a recent visit to the New Cnglaud states, and be ing struck with tie novelty of the tiile. we were induced to make sou^cenquiry about it, a id w ire’ siirprised to learn that it was kept constantly inthe bouses of most of the inhabi tants ot the cities and villages where we stepped, to be used in cases of 'sudden attacks of pain, burns, tca.ds, &.C., and w e heard it spoken o* in terms “of high commendation by both j druggists and physicians. T..is much we call witn propriety say asjourualiM.-.’in favor of the article. —[Philadelphia Cagle. Pesky Davis’ koktablk Pain Kil ■ hr.— Voluntari y. con-cienciously, aiid with much pleasure, we recommend *o , onr readers the above named medicine. Y r e speak from our ; own observation and experience when we say that it removes j pain as ii to m igic troin all partsof the body, and is one oi | i thebest medicines! n use for checking Diarrlnea, and tor re ! moving the premonitory symptom in ol cholera, It is applied both internally and externally, with thebest effects, and none who haveonce used the Pain Killer wool! willingly !>e with out it constantly in tbei houses.—[Cine nnati Kve Nonpareil. Davis’ Pain Killer —This article needs no comment from us but the real w orth of so valuable a compound, compels us to give publicity to it, in our Transcript. M< erry D‘ vis the manufacturer and inventor, is a gentkinat lr * horn we euter ; tain the highest respect, ami any article he should ofb-rto the I public we should have the confidence in. The Pain J Killer we keep constantly on h . ml, and have done so for anu m ! berofvears, and have admini-tered itlorails of all descrip tions both external and intemaT.and have eve.- found it to be j tne best remedy extatit. We well rc llect its first introduction for public patronage; it was then sold‘in a few shops in this I city; took at it now. the world are its patrons. A few days ago ! we*p 'blished a certificate from burnish, and we have ohen I seen them from the most remote habitable regions of the globe. Rea‘er. if you have not a supply on hand,fwe trust you have, as it isalmost indispensable) procureit at once.and nev er be without it again—is will save many a physician’s bill.— Providence Daily Transcript. ! For sale by RORT. GARTER and DANFORTH & NAGEL, j Columbus,nafl also by Druggists and M( dicitte IValers every - I whcTc. sepHl—wSitwii. GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE, — Concluded. Education. Our political system is based upon the maxim, that the people are capable ot se f government. ‘Phis presupposes intelligence, to know how to govern, and virtue, to give that intelligence proper direction Hence, the importance ol a system ol public education to enlighten the intellects and moralize the hearts ol the masses. Ihe impo tance of this subject is-paramount and should bring into requisi tion all the wisdom of the Legislature, whilst the thou sands of podr children within the State, too indigent to provide for themselves the blessings of education, but who must have it as an indispensable qualification for good cit izen-hip, should awaken an enlarged and benevolent lib erality. The returns for 1854 show that 42.4G7 belong to tins class, who are entitled to participate in the pittance of $23,388 piovided for their benefit. The conside ations which should prompt to efficient action are apparent toev-. ery rcrt-cting mind. They are such as challenge the atten tion ot the higlie-t statesmanship. We see them not only in the necessity ot education to the perpetuiiy ot popular liberty, but m tiie thousand social blessings ’'Which it cou lers It pronioies public peace, gives security to property, diminishes crime, lightens the expense of administering the laws, stimulates enterprise, directs industry and capitafand hastens the march ot civilization. The difficulty is, not to determine what ought to be done, hut how it shall be done. The subject becomes more and more embarrass ing, each successive year, beeau.-e the increase of poor children, renders the amount of money adequate to the emergency,more difficult to be laised. Hence it the Leg islature ever intend to come up fully and fairly to the high mark ot enlightened duty, it would seem, that the time has aruved, when they should initiate a system capable of gra uual expansion and sell susteiitation. J shall venture no specific recommendation. I prefer rather to submit the great suhject to your wisdom, animated as it must be, bv patriotic desire, to promote tlie happiness and prosperity of die State. But il 1 could command the power to awaken the proper spirit and excite the proper liberality, I would make the appeal with an urgency which should l.e over whelming, that the General Assembly do not rise, until it shall have redeemed the high obligations of the present to Jut.uie generations. (L oigia is in advance, in material pio periiy ai.d improvement; she is in the rear, on the sub ject 1 1 common school education. The ship, driven be toie Ihe wind, may sail rapidly, tora time, without a helms man, but she will be wrecked at last. Education is to Slate progress, what th- helmsman is to the ship; the moie rapid her career, without it, the sooner she will be stranded. In this connection, the State University is earnestly com mended to your lo tering care. By rclereuce to the act of 1785,”lor tiie more lull and complete establishment of a public seat ol learning in this Stale,” it is q dte evident, t at our forefathers de-igned to erect a University of the highest character. li is apparent, bom the preamble, to die bdi and front the very liberal endowment tor which they piovided In view ol the paramount importance wit ch they attached to liberal education, as a means of sustaining and perpetuating free gosernment, they felt that it was a humiliating acknowledgement of the ignorance or mlerioriiy ol our ov\ ii State, to send our yonih abroad to others for its acquisition It this were true in 1785, the pol icy which they then deplored, is still more to be depreca ted now, when, by sending them to other States, they are surrounded by prejudices and iutluenc s against our domes tic institutions', calculated to give an unwholsonie direction t<> their sent.ricMits ‘1 he original design of tiie founders of our State University ought tliereiore to be completed and perfected. It should he so endowed, and furnished with all the facilities; lor the prosecution of scientific re -earch as to enable the devotees of learning, to reach the highest attainments. Seveial other professorships should be created, and ample appropriations made for such com pensation a-* will command the highest tab m t*> till them. By the liberality cfl die late” Dr. William Terrell, an Agricu lural chair has been establish and and $20,C00 dona led, the interest of which is to he ap, lied to tiie support of its Profess r in the Slate University. But this is inadequate. To render die department efficient aid useful, the Legisla ture should,not only increase the sum to the extent of an anipl • endowment, but also make a suitable anpropriation for filling it up with ample means of instruction, illustra tion and experiment. The appeal, upon this score,will not .be in vain. It is the fiist to vemeiit,in Geo;gia,in fa vqr of Agricultural Education, hitherto more neglected, although more important, than any other b unch. ‘lhe Professor may produce annually his course of Lectures,and delight his class with the theory of Agriculture, hut lie niu-t have the meai sos illusirathn aid experiment to uipold its relations to, and dependence upon, Mineralogy, i >’eo|ogv, Botany, Chemistry, Natural History and Me ehanics Agriculture is the mo-t impoitant, because it is die foundation ot all other pursuit-; It supplies Commerce and Manufactures, in ad their vaiied and multiplied de part meets, “lth whatever imparts to Hum activity, pios peritv and vitaiity Hence die indispensibility of its being directed and dignified by the light of science *uud the de votion of educe and mind. Agriculture and Mining. The prom.)tiuu of Agriculture and the development of our Mineral resources should engage the earnest attention of the Legislature. In the older region of the State, much of the lands have been exhausted by tillage, and planters are turning attention to the reclamation of swamps, by and tch ng and i mbanking. The latter process, in many aiices. is prevented by the fact, that eiiibaukineuis throw b;a T k water over the lands of adjacent owners.— When this is the case, the apptehensiou of an injunction arrests the enterprise. I recommend the passage o( a- law to authorise any person owning swa op land, on one side of a stream or creek, to embank the same, although it should have the effect tu ilieiease the water oVu - the swamp of the other sale, owned by another. Snch an act will greatly promote such enterprises and lead to the re* clam dion of thousands of acres of the most productive lands, which are, otherwise, v due I ess. Asa further imaus ol encouraging Agrkulure and the development ol tae mineral Wealth ol the fState, !* re commend, that provision be made by the Legislature lor the appointment, with a suitable salary, of ttiate Gtolbgisi, Mineralogist and Agricultural Ch . mist. 11 is office should dje Idea ei at the Capital ami his general l duty should be to make a Geological survy of the Stnt* ,-dirt et the mode of testing for ores, analyze so Is and |.o t,t mtt 1 the Various k tuts o[ manures lor tln ir fert fz ,i j n. To m; Ire the organ zttiou of such a department efficient’ and useitil. ii would iv quire the State to b ■ dividtd into" Geological J) s uets, ami the employment of assistants. Its details how ever, will readi'y suggest thentst Ives to the Legislature, and ft he poll y, once adopted in go t and earnest, time and experience will very soon p rkci it. A similarappo.nl ment, in other States, has been attended with the most beneficial resul s. It is more easy to adduce than to se lect ilius ra ious ol its advantages, in Georgia, hut little attention has been and. voted to Agricultural education; = nd without dtsp e'-agt iwent to our planters, it must be coii.css ed, that their sueci ss is mainly the result of fertility ol .-o l and unco; querable energy and indus ry. They owe but little to tiic application ot scientific principles to the multiplied details ol the plantation. But as the lands be come ex lausted ty such a system of cultivation,-they will i et use then wonted yield, until ** ieuce shall come to their rescue, by sit iwing the means f .Imr resuscitation. The office umh r consideration will, l a cousideta'de cxwnt, remedy this wide spread t vil. By h;s analysis ol speci mens of soi's furnished to him, he will explain to th** own ers the character, components and quantity of the manures required to fertilise them. By deliveriug public Icctu e as often, and at as many points, as lie may be able, he will instruct the inhabitants of whole Agricultural districts as to the qualities of their lands, and the tertil.tiers bi st cal culated to confer upon them the highest capacity’ lor pro duction. This will soon awaken the proper spirit among the people and lead, as an ultimate result, to a just ap preciation of the importance of Agricultural education.— The aggregate of advantage c uid be ascet Lined only, by knowing fully the loss to the country, from the ahsi nee ot, and the aim tint gained by, the application of science to the operations of the plantation. And how shall weisii male the thrift and activity which such an appointment will impart to the Mining intenst of the State? Her mountains and It l!s are rich in embedded minis of ore.— . As yet, we h .Ye made but little progress in their diseov ery. Vast sums are expended, in blind experiments to’ ascertain their location, resulting often in the hopeless ruiu* of the zealous seeker alter hidden wealth. The large amount saved, in the work ot testing for ores, is the least of the advantages of the appointment under consideration.- The actual wealth which would be developed by the scion* titic direction of these operations, is absolutely incalculable,* whilst it would, at thb same tune, opt n nowa/liannels for capital and industry, aul furnish employment tor thoU.* sands of laborers. 1 may not dwell at greater length 1 upon this interesting topic. I trust it will engage the serious deliberations of life Legislature, and that they will 1 act as becomes statesmen. Weights and Measures. By an act of the last General Assembly, approved Feb.* 9th, 183 4, the Governor was directed, to cause to be pro cured in some cheap and economical way, filly standards of weights and measures, each to correspond in weight and measure, with those now in the Executive office, lor the use of the new and such old counties, as have not been supplied under the Act of the 23d of December, 183'J. Upon proper investigation, it was ascertained,* that it would require about $3,500 00; and as the Legis lature made ih> provision, for the payment, the act has 1 not been carried into execution. The object is important and you should make the requisite appropriation. Judiciary. A case has been brought to my notice, by the enlight**’ ened courtesy of the lion. \V. B. Flemming, Judge of the Eastern Circuit, which suggests the propriety ol leg-’ islative remedy. A man by the name of McCullough killed a negro, the’ property of Robert Habersham, Esq , at Fort Jackson. — The place being under the exclusive control of the United 1 States, although within ihe coun y of Chatham, he was’ indicted before the Circuit Court of the United States, and* u ider the charge of Judge Nicoll, was acquitted, on the’ ground, that the Court had no jurisdiction. Tie was’ subsequen’ly indicted m the-Superior Court of Chatham aid was a* qu’ttcd upon tlie plea of lorrnt r acquittal. The’ negro was shot at Fort Jackson, but died beyond it.— II ICC, the Circuit Court had no j urisdiction. If he had* uc n prosecuted lu ihe first instance in Catham Superior Court, then, the pl a to the jurisdiction, sustained by the proof, that the act was • ommitted at Fort Jackson, which* belongs to the United States, would have produced his acqu ttal. lienee the Legislature should provide, that, in* such a case, the prosecution may be had, and the offender tried in the county, in which tne death lakes place. Tile object of puuishunnt is to prevent crime. To bo < ff’ ctual, it must be sufficiently severe, to operate as a U r • mr to evildoers, and sufficiently certain, lo cut off'the’ h p-o iinp.iiity. (lit be 100 mi and, the offender wi I*l’ rather eudure t, tli.m loiego the gratificat on < 1 his vicious p ssions and u.iiuwiul designs. If more than commensu rate with the turpitude of the crime, it shocks the sense of public justice, and, consequently, the transgressor escapes.* These remarks are suggusted by the act of the last session, approved 20. h February, 1851, imposing Penitentiary punish merit on Firo dcauiig, and g nning ot that charac-’ u r The evil intended to be prevented is great, hut the’ law’ fails to answer ill • purpose. There has not been a’ single con vie ion under it. The < ffc nee goes entirely un punished—even unprosecuted. Tat ounds in all our cities* and at our fashionable watering places. It is bold; it scarcely see ks to conceal itself from public gaze. Wby is this? It is because the pennby is too severe. Public opinion does not deni in 1 tint it shall be visited with Pei.it *i tiary imprisonment. 11> nee, the law goes uncxe cuted,and inse.id of preventing, it his increased the cviF it desgned to suppress. 1 therefore recommend its repeal,* or such modi fieri *u as w 11 adju t the penalty to the na ture of ihe offence. ‘l’lie law’ orginizin ‘ the Supreme Court for the Q erec tion of Lr tors, requires that tribunal to hold its sessions at nine different points in the State, to wit: Columbus, Ameri-* cits, Macon, Decatur, Mdlcdgeville, Augusta,Gainesville, Cassville and Savannah, and to deliver opinions upon each case, during the respective Terms. This imposes s much travel upon the Judges, and such haste in the formation of opinions, as not only to make their labours almost intole-; ruble, hut deprives them of the time for deliberation and 1 pat ent research,so indispensable lor the correct determina tion of important legal questions. ‘1 hi- is a glaring defect and di-qualities the t ouit from being as useful to the iState as it might and would be, it it were cured. It isdOUbiless,- the true cause of the dissalis'aclion with the Court 1 , whielv obtains in some sections of tile Slate, and threatens its abo lition. This would b<-ai etrograde. movement, and the idea* is not to tie tolerated l<>r a moment. The most enlighten ed Courts sometimes err, even wilder circumstances mo.-ts favorable ior the investigation of truth. Organised as is our Supreme Court, the. woudei is that it does not err often er.and instead ol tins furnishing a ground 1 lor dispensing with, it ought to present enlightened inen'with’ the strong est reason for remedyirt’g it? imperfection's I therefore recommend, tlVat the Constitution be so altered as to con fine is sessions to one point in the State ; nbd'aS’ thO State” i-i co b Cling a valuable Law Library at ihe Capital, it is’ the proper point tor its perouu'.-nt? location. They should aLo be permitted, when Judges may de-ire,-to hold uffeases : for further deliberation and investigation This will cor rect the pfumiuent uelects in its organization and’ render it rtVore efficient. Retail License. It is painful to the patriot and Christian to \Vi triers’ the” ra\ ag sos intemperance.. L'ke war aui pestilence, it leaves in its pathway its millions of victim- slain, lamentation and* Wty. l poufs desecration abd contempt upon all ibay*is. ha .low ad iu doui sic life, and all that is sacred in tne rites of our Indy religion. The tjood man naturally enquires for a remedy. lie looks backs upon tiie past —cloqyeiiCtrand’ aigmnciit hbve giappied with it, soc.al ofganizattbn ei b and its combined instrumentality, Ci-iis’.ihnity has ,yfept and prayed oVer if —abd yet the evil corilnues Jo-iug|nght of the potency ol moral suasion, 10.-mg laiili in the uititnaie tViumph ol truth a‘id vij'tiie, ad impatient for summary re lict, lie feels that legislation must come to the rescue, by prohibiting lhe sale ol iuioxieatiiig liq ors. This leads us lo search lor the delicate line which defines tHe legitimate sphere ol the civil povVer. The Legisjaiure is the guardian ot the general’ vveltare. It ik its duty to secure public peace aid’ tranquility,- and to protect persons, character and property. But why? Ned because religion enjoins,* but because the interest of the body social demands it. Hence, social and civil neces-ity only should both prompt and limit legislative action; the p r omotk)ii of the morality which religion inculcates must be an inciden tal leriilt', not tire primary < bject. Thisi- the t;ue criterion to guide the law making power. To transcend it is fanati cism ,-becau-e H is the recognition of a principle, which vVould justify the civil authority iu taking charge of the consciences ol me i and enforcing moral reforms by law, which can only he legrimatefy done by appeals to r j a or*.- Hence, the danger and impolicy of attempting to aid the tcmpeiance cause by legislative prohibition ol the traffic in ai*deut spirits It i- not only w r ng as a principle ofltgis lation,-but the pifbl c sentiment being adverse to it, ihe law would not be enforced, iutempe ance would be undiminish ed, ir and tiie social evils aggravated, w’hich if would design* fO-suppress. li does nor follow, however, that there are not abuses connected with our retail license law, which are within ihe legitimate reach of the Legislative arm. Whoever will’ examine she criminal dockets of our Courts, will see abun dant proof, that the system needs the restraint of a more* rigid nd wholesome police It is the fruitful source of crime against life, person, property and the public peace $ and ihmelore if is tiie duty of the L gislalure to apply a remedy. 1 have given this subject much reflection, am satisfied hat, il the existing laws could be stfernly t nforced,* most of the evils connected with our license system would cease. Why are they not enforced ? Is it becau-e public sentiment is opposed to them ? Is it because good citizen? do not approve them l Is it because the penalties are too severe 1 By no means. But it is because their Violation is covered in secrecy and that they escape dis covery and detection The grand defect, iherefoie, is :p ----parpnt. It lies in the fai l, that the existing law requires the Clerk of the Inferior Court of each County, to grant, a? a matter of course, a license to every man who complies with its piecedent condirions. Hence, in too many instan|- ces, bad and unprincipled men obtain permission to retail, who defy the restraints ol law, if they ean conceal its vky [NUMBER 134