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LABOR IN CHILL Native Laborers are Muscular, Strong and Hardy. Chilian Methods of Working are Primitive, But Practical. From Theodore Childs’ article in Harper’s describing a coasting voyage in southern latitudes, we make this interesting extract about the native workmen of Chili: The next day we were anchored in the bay of Coronel. The Osiris was surrounded by lighters laden with coal, which was being rapidly shov¬ elled into the bunks by dark-skinned natives. The white mist that hung ■over us made the water look like dull silver; in the foreground were ships at anchor and small lighters provided with winches and nets for dredging op the bits of coal that fall into the water while the steamers are loading; in the background were the wind¬ ing wheels of the coal pits; the moles surmounted by trainB of coal trucks; the sickly sulphurous smoke streams of the inevitable smelting works; the small town of Coronel clustered along the sandy black beach; and behind, the greeu hills diapered with mule paths and patchos of red or yellow earth. The meals of the coal heavers on the foredeck interested us. Great bowls of beans, lumps of salt beef and fat, piles of biscuit, and gallons of coffee were served out to them. Each man took what he needed of the solids, chose his corner on the rail, over the hatches, or simply on the bare deck, and ate with no more comfort than a dog. Then each man produced a large violet mussel shell, which he used in lieu of a spoon to scoop up tho beans and drink the ■coffee. Let it be remarked that these coal-lieavevs earn high wages, as much as five Chilian dollars, or say ten shillings gold, a day, and their food gratis; and yet they remain little betler than good-natured brutes, taking no strong drinks while they are at work, but ready for any quan¬ tity of dissipation after sunset, im¬ provident in the extreme, and willing to work, and to work well, only when they have no money left to spend. While watching those strong muscular fellows, I had some conversation with the Russian timber merchant about his experience of men and things in Chili, the subject having been led up to by my remarking the frequent evi¬ dences of primitiveness in Chilian methods of working. Speaking of the great strength and hardiness of the Chilian native laborer, Herr C. said *hat this was still more noticeable in the more southern forest dis¬ tricts. At Puerto Montt, for instance, which is one of the most important timber ports, the work is done entirely by band. The trees are felled with axes, sawn into planks on the spot by hand, and the planks carried to the port from a dis¬ tance of ten or twelve miles balanced on the shoulder of a man, who goes along under his burden at a run. None •but native Chilians could do such work, and, given the absence of roads, and above all the nature of the work¬ men, all attempts to modernize tho methods of getting out the timber have failed. Experiments hatre been made in introducing North American machinery, but without success. The innovators have invariably lost their money, and the natives, accustomed to do everything with their hands, have in the end wilfully broken the machinery, in order to have done with it. I mentioned the fact that the Chilian government, as I had been informed, meditated the essay of Nor¬ wegian and Swedish colonists in these southern forest regions. Ilerr C. was of opinion that this scheme was utter¬ ly improbable, for the simple reason that Scandinavian colonists would re¬ fuse to live liko pigs, as the Chilians live. The present primitive methods are the cheapest and tho most practi¬ cal. Sir David Brewster, an eminent Scotch writer and natural philoapher, invented the philosophical toy called the kaleidoscope, in 1816. The name comes from the Greek and means “I see beautiful images.” This optical instrument is not only a pleasing toy, but it is of great use to patt eru de¬ signers and others to whom it supplies an endless variety of fiarures. The Best Way to Ventilate. Eight persons out of ten will en. deavor to rid a room of its noxious gases by making an outlet for the air near the top of the inclosed space. Tho result is that tho room is cooled, hut the impurities remain practicajjy where they were. The reason is tills: As the air of a room is heated it rises, but the impure gases, being generally heavier than ordinary air, settle to tho bottom of tlie room. A great amount of harm has been done, in schoolrooms particu¬ larly, by lowering the upper sashes in windows, thus causing cold drafts upon the overheated heads of tiic pu¬ pils. A room is best ventilated when tho heavy and impure air is drawn gradually away from the lower part of the room through an opening into a chimney, the heated -walls of which cause an upward current. An open fireplace is thus one of the best venti¬ lators known. When this is not con¬ venient, au opening covered by a grate should be made iu the chimney near tho floor. Low rooms frequently become so overrated as to re¬ quire an outlet near the top, but this should be used simply to cool the room, not to ventilate it. In close buildings occupied by animals, venti¬ lation can be secured by a close shaft six or more inches square, according to the size of the room, extending from within about twelve inches of the floor up through the roof of the building. The wind blowing across the top of this will cause an upward current, which will draw off the im¬ pure air. Interesting experiments can be made by testing the effectiveness of various kinds of ventilation. Let the doors of a room bo closed to keep out drafts; then with delicate tissue paper cut in long strips and held by one end, or with a lighted candle, note tho out¬ ward current of air through an open¬ ing near the floor iuto a heated chimney, or from the room into an open fire. Note also the outward cur¬ rent of the upper air when a window is lowel'ed, and at the samo time the downward rush of cold air to the floor near the wiudow. If a sleeping room has been closed all night, as too many sleeping rooms arc, go out into tho pure air for fifteen minutes; then go back into the closed room, and note the unpleasant change. The first seed of disease are too often sown in unvontilated bedrooms.— [American Agriculturist. Uow Danny Lost a Coat. He walked down to tho end of the pier where the stevedores were work¬ ing, and looked sadly at the water. “How deep is it here?” he«sked one of tho men. “I dunno.” “Do you think it’s deep enough to drown a man ?” ‘ ‘I guess.” “Well, anyplace is good enough for me,” he said, despairingly, as he began to strip off his coat and vest. “Are yez goin’ ter jump?” asked one of the stevedores. “Yes, I’m tired of life.” <* “Thot coat an’ wescott will fit my Danny.” “It will, hey? Well, your Danny can have it if some one doesn’t como along and jerk me out of the water.” “Jerk ye out, is it? Shurc, an’ there’s no danger of that. The last fel- ley that went over there wuz a gurrul, and she wuz bit in two paces with wan bite ov a big shark so quick that she never let a squeak out of her.” Tho young man who wanted to die walked to the edge of the dock and looked earnestly at the water. Then he put on his coat and vest and walked away. “Ef I had kept me mouth shut I’d had a foine coat an’ wescott fur Danny. It’s me mouth that’s always gettin’ me into thrubble. Giv us a band wid de bale, Moike.”—[New York Sun., A Personal Reflection. “When I look at our honored guest,” exclaimed the orator of the evening, “and remember how he rose from a humble position to be the pres¬ ident of this vast corporation I realize forcibly the truth of the saying that there is always room at the top.” The president of the vast corpora¬ tion, a gentleman with a large bald spot on the top of his head, made a memorandum in a little notebook, and the wages of that young orator have never been raised.—[Chicago Tribuno. FOR FARM AND GARDEN. FOWLS WITH SCARRY LEGS. The thick scabs, or scales, on fowls’ Jogs are caused by a small mite which burrows under the skin. To get rid of these small pests the legs may be washed in warm water and then ’.veil greased with a mixture of lard and kerosene oil, rubbing tho grease well into tho scales with a still' brush. If the roosts are kept greased in this way the fowls will be free from all kinds of vermin.— [American Dairyman. SALSIFY. Salsify, better known by its more common name of vegetable oyster, although to be found in the catalogues of all seedsmen, is not very generally met with in farmers’ gardens, The crop succeeds best in a light, sandy loam, well enriched and' thoroughly worked before the seed is sown. Tho method of culture is almost entirely the same as for carrots or parsnips. The seed should be sown as early as the ground can be worked in the Spring and the roots will he ready for use or market the following Fall and during the Winter and Spring, but the Winter’s supply should be dug and stored in sand before the ground freezes up, They may, however, if desired, be left in the ground like parsnips and be dug in the Spring.— [New York World. LARGE AND DOUBLE-YEI.KED EGGS. It is seldom that a donble-yelked egg will hatch, though instances have been known in which such eggs have produced chicks. When double-yclkcd eggs are found, it is to bo regretted, as they invariably indicate that the hens are out of condition—too fat. A hen in good laying condition will never produce an egg other than of the normal size peculiar to her breed, and if fat, she is entirely unfitted for laying. If a fat hen is killed she will be found full of eggs, so to speak, but they will be noticed to be of all sizes, and the poultryman will be amazed over tho fact that she did not lay; but examination will show that obstruc¬ tions of fat were the cause, and tlie lieu is then more profitable dead than wlion alive.—[Farm and Fireside. EXPERIENCE WITH TOMATOES. It lias been demonstrated emphati¬ cally that the tomato is very suscepti¬ ble to careful culture, and hereditary influence predominates over the plant as a whole rather than over the fruit. Heavy manuring does not lessen pro¬ ductiveness, and nitrate of soda and muriate of potash alone arc not profit¬ able manures for tomatoes on poor soil. Early setting brings earliness of crop and fruitfulness. Cuttings are not as good as seedlings. It is well to trim the plants lightly in late summer. Doubled flowered varieties bear ir¬ regular fruit, but a monstrous blossom upon a young plant may not mean that the plant will produce irregular fruit generally. Dark, cool weather in early autumn, and frosts are the worst checks to large tomato harvests. Start the plants, therefore, as early as possi¬ ble; attend to the following essentials: Careful selection and breeding, early sowing, frequent transplanting to bring stocky plants, and a rich, well- tilled soil. Varieties seem to run out. The best sorts are Ignolum, Favorite, Bay State, Atlantic, among the reds; Beauty, Mikado, among pinks, and Golden Queen among the yellow va¬ rieties. Tho Ruby and Clierain are the most promising among the newer sorts. The “Ithaca” is figured, as also two views of fields with different fertilizers.—[American Agriculturist. BREEDS OF CniCKENS. An agricultural journal thus sums up the leading points of preference in the leading fowls. The langslians lay best in winter. They give a goodly number of eggs, and are excellent table birds. T«e brahmas come next—the light class of this variety excelling the dark. The partridge Cochins arc tho best layers of the Cochin class. The buff, the best table fowls; the whites, blacks, and partridge follow the buffs for meat Tlie Iloudans and the whole French class are excellent layers and grand market birds. The Plymouth rocks are good layers and capital table fowls. So are Wyan- duties, but they will lay more eggs than the rocks, All the American birds are good, aud come near all-pur¬ pose fowls. The Leghorns, Minorcas, Spanish Andalusians, and Hamburgs are the fowls with big egg records, but they are not worth much for eating. The dorkius non-superior for flesfta qualities. The white Leghorns, Minorcas, Spanish and Iloudans lay the largest eggs. The brown Leghorns lay the most eggs of the Leghorn family, but they arc smaller. Tho Javas recommend themselves as table birds, and very readily assume fat. Tho Jersey blues are not highly recommended either as egg producers or for the table. The Polish are the handsomest of fowls, excellent layers, but not recom¬ mended for the table. The Hamburgs are persistent layers, but of no account for the table. The American Dominiques are the original American fowl. They are good layers and table birds, aud just the farmers’ fowls. The Game class are second to none for table use, and also possess a cred¬ itable egg record. GRASSES FOR HAY. Of grasses there are five that are usually grown for hay, counting clover. Tho latter is not strictly a grass, but on account of its value for pasturage and for hay it is considered with them. The five are clover, tim¬ othy, orchard grass, red top and Hun¬ garian or millet. For feeding out on the farm with all classes of stock, red clover stands at the head. It can be sown in the spring on wheat or with oats or Ly itself. It grows rapidly and gives a good yield if the season is at all favorable. In addition to mak¬ ing a good feed, whether pastured or harvested and made into hay, clover is one of the best crops to aid in build¬ ing up tlie fertility. Timothy is one of the best grasses for hay for horses,and if hay is grown for market timothy will return tho best profit, as it sells at a higher price than any other kind. As with all grasses for hay the quality is largely determined by the stage in which it is cut and the manner o| curing and storing away. It stands next to clover in feeding value. It can bo sown in the fall either with wheat or alone, or it can be sown in the spring. If the seeding is done in tho spring it will be quite an item to sow clover and timo¬ thy as early as the season ancl (he con¬ dition of tlie soil will permit. lied top makes a good hay; it ripens after clover aud timothy and is better adapted to growing on thin land than either of the others. It can be sown in the usual way. Orchard grass on reasonably good land makes a good growth and yield, tho only objection being its inclination to grow in stools, but this can be avoided by using plenty of seed and securing a good oven stand all over the surface. It is rather coarser than either timothy or red top aud ripens earlier, being ready to cut at almost the same time as clover. It is not grown as extensively as the other varieties, maybe because its value has not been thoroughly tried. Hungarian or millet makes a good hay, especially for cattle or sheep, and on good, rich soil, well prepared and in a favorable season, will give a large yield of hay. It is an annual and must be sown each year, and is not a profitable grass to grow on thin land. It can be sown tho latter part of May or the first of June, and care must be taken to prepare the soil in a good tilth before planting. It is always good economy with all grass, whether sown for pasturage or hay, to use plenty of seed, so that a good even stand may be secured, and the more thoroughly this is done, with care in the preparation of the Boil and the sowing of the seed, the better the results.— [Farm, Field and Stockman. FARM AND GARDEN NOTES. Never throw large quantities of seed to the fowls at one time. In breeding to improve the poultry it is very necessary that the male used should be as good as can be obtained. Broken rice can often be bought cheap, and makes a good feed for young poultry. It should be soaked nntil soft. To Break a Bog From Eating Eggs. Divide a heaping teaspoonful doses. of Break tartar off emetic into eight or ten of the this end of nil egg, empty a part contents and stir into the remainder left in the shell a dose of tartar emetic. Con¬ fine the dog in a room, or tie him, and give him the doctored egg. In an hour or two he will be tryiug to turn himself wrong side out. As soon as he is over tin; nausea, give him a second egg and a third, if he will eat it. When he refuses to eat the egg, and lets lie by him for several hours untouched, pry open his mouth and force the egg down his throat. Afterward you may trust him in your heu house. The object in tying the dog is to let him get nothing else to eat while he is under treatment, or he may think it was the last thing eaten that made him so sick. The idea is to convince him that eggs no longer will lie on his stomach. Bowdlerism. Inasmuch as we are likely to have use for such a word as Bowdlerize, it is time to become familiar with its meaning and origin. Thomas It is derived from the name of Bowdler, who edited an edition of Shakespeare, and another of Gibbon from which all the naughtiness was left out. A large amount of classic literature will have to be put through this process of Bowdlerizing in order to make it ac¬ ceptable to some fastidious folks of to¬ day. Ilawkes’ Spectacles. The reputation of these fine glasees is not of the cheap order. They have been used, en¬ dorsed, and warmly praised by the solid repre¬ Such sentative men of the United States. men recommend them as Senator-elect Jno. B. Gordon, Ex-Gov. Fitzhugh Lee, Gov. E. W. Wilson of West Va., Rev. II. C. Morrison, D. D.; Bishop Alex. W. Gregg, Chancellor Uni¬ versity or the South; Gov. R. B. Hubbard, Ex- Minister to Japan; Judge Simon P. Hughes, of Arkansas and many hundreds of others. These famous spectacles are sold in Mexico. nearly every town from Maryland Take'no others. to New Every pair Call for Hawkes’. warranted. SI00 Rewnrd. Si00. The readers of this paper will be ploased to learn that there is at least one dreaded disease that science has been able to cure in all it« stagey and that is catarrh. Hall’s Catarrh Cure is the only positive cure now known to tho medical fraternity. Catarrh being a con¬ stitutional disease, requires a constitutional treatment. Hall’s Catarrh Cure is taken in¬ ternally, surfaces actiDg directly tho upon the thereby blood and de¬ mucous of system, giving stroying the the patient foundation strength of by the building disease, and the constitution and assisting in doing up its nature faith work. The proprietors have so much in its curative powers that they offer One Hun¬ dred Dollars for any case that it fails to cure. Send for list of testimonials. Address F. J. Chknf.y & Co., Toledo, O. Sol d by Druggists, 75c. Money In tho Business. Tell Mrs. Wells that her, or any industrious person can make §30 a week address iu the the plating Lake business. Co., For Englewood, particulars III. A Plater costs Electric and know there is $3. I am the working business. now money in If afflicted with sore eyes use Dr. Isaac Thomp¬ son’s Eye-water.Druggists sell at25e per bottle. * 1 ftw fed A* jSSi ONE ENJOYS Both the method and results when Syrup and refreshing of Figs is taken; the taste, it is and pleasant to acta gently Liver and yet promptly Bowels, cleanses on the Kidneys, the effectually, dispels colds, head¬ sys¬ tem aches and fevers and cures habitual constipation. only remedy or Syrup its kind of Figs ever is pro¬ the duced, pleasing to the taste and ac¬ ceptable to the stomach, beneficial prompt in its action and truly « its effects, prepared only from the most and agreeable substances, its ent qualities commend it to all and have made it the most popular remedy known. Syrup of Figs is for sale in 50o and $1 bottles by all leading drug¬ who gists. Any reliable hand druggist will may not have it on pro¬ cure it promptly for any one who wishes to try it. Do not accept any substitute. CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP CO. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. N.T. LOUISVILLE. NY. NEW YORK. Every Farmerhis own Roofer CHEAPER than Shingles, Tin or Slate. Reduces Tour INSURANCE, and Perfectly Fire, Water and Wind Proof. lCORRUGATED te.J Catalogue. FOR at •Uft'lcw HN prices ‘ Our Roofing I* reedy formed for the Building, end Roofing can be applied till you by write any to ua one. for onr Do not Deacrip* bny any tlve Catalogue, Serlea H. AOENTS WANTED. KING COTTON Buyer sell your Cotton ° n JONHS Alll|5‘Ton V 11 N0T CHEAPEST Cotton BUT Scale. BEST k {ST! IB For term* address - ill ” |i ^ U w JONES or BINGHAMTON, BINGHAMTON. N. V.