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A STRONG MAN CONTEST.
Trial of Strength Between Two Men
of Muscle.
Sampson, who advertises himself as
the strongest man on earth, and an
athlete from Birmingham named Sir.
Montgomery, had a trial of strength for
money at Liverpool. Sampson, accord¬
ing to the conditions, was the first to
lead off, commencing with a barbell
weighing 172 pounds. This he lifted
from the ground with his two hands up
to his chest, and then over his head auu
on to his shoulders, following this up the by
bringing the barbell hack again to fol-
floor. Loud applause, of course,
lowed this, but it.was as nothing com¬
pared to that accomplished which greeted Montgomery feat.
when he the same
The Birmingham man, however, did not
pass through the ordeul by any means so
gracefully as did Sampson, there being a
certain amount of clumsiness apparent.
Balancing the barbell was next on the
list. As usual, Sampson did his utmost
without an effort. Montgomery, when
his turn came, rivalled his opponent,
after a desperate effort. Next the chal¬
lenger, by a supreme effort, hoisted over
his head with one hand the same
barbell. In response, the Midland
man did likewise, amid great reaching ap¬
plause, pitch. the excitement now selected by
fever Two iron bars
the rol'eree were now introduced, Samp¬
son leading off by bending the one sup¬
plied to him by striking it on his bare
arms and straightening it again in the
same manner. His opponent, amid great
excitement and a perfect din of applause,
followed suit. Now commenced one of
Sampson’s particular feats. Standing on
a chair, with bis feet strapped, he got
hold of the aforesaid barbell, and bend¬
ing backward dropped it on the stage. again
Steadying himself once more, he
bent back until his hands reached the
barbell, and by an almost superhuman himself
effort lie triumphantly recovered
and hoisted it above his shoulders.
Montgomery advanced to the front. The
act of putting it down he did very clev¬
erly, but in picking it up it was apparent
that he was in dire straits, and no soonci
had he hoisted it up than he fainted
away and had to be removed from the
stage. Mr. Henderson came forward and
stated that Mr. Montgomery was unable
to proceed any further, but that, as lie
succeeded in all his feats which had been
set him, he would be satisfied if Sampson
would break a shilliug which lie had in
his pocket. To this the ’‘Strong Man’ :
readily conceded, and it was scarcely in
Sampson's hands ere it was in two halves.
The umpire now came forward and an
nounced, amid tremendous applause, that
Sampson had won.—[Pull Mall Budget,
Lake Mysteriously Drained.
In the year 1881, without a moment’s
warning and with scarcely a tremble ol
the earth, the high and rocky strip ol
land which the separated city of the Manzonillo, large lake Mex¬ ir
the rear ot
ico, from the sea suddenly parted harbor. anti
the waters poured out into the
The immense amount of water which
poured through the narrow chasm may
bo better calculated by consulting tin
figures of R. Zappa;o, the civil cuginecr,
who declared that the volume represen¬
ted 1,000,000 gallons a minute through during
the three days it was rushing alliga¬
the bieak. The lake was full of
tors and the harbor swarming wish
sharks. When the monsters met ft watei
battle immediately ensued, and was
closely watched during the three days it
, lasted by almost the entire mentioned population that o!
Monzanillo. 1! may be
’’ the sharks finally triumphed.—[St. Louis
Republic. •
An agricultural school has just been
elected in the peninsula of Jutland to
which women are eligible. the The course of
of instruction includes treatment
milk for cream, butter and cheese, care
of cattle and poultry, chemistry, agri¬
cultural book-keeping and the calculation
of percentage and application of milk, weights fat,
and measurements in handling
feed, &c. Besides this the young women
arc taught kitchen gardening, cooking,
needlework and gymnastics. A class is
intended to last from January till April, pupils
and during the Summer the poorer
will be assisted in getting a profitable
market for nuytliiug they raise or pro¬
duce.
■■TUe Bible on IVnll Coatings.”
"And behold if the hollow plague bo in the walls
of tho houso with streaks, greenish
orreddish, then the priest shall go out of the
houso to the door of the house and shut u
the house seven days. * * * And he shall
cause tho house to be scraped within round
about, and they shall pour out the dust that
they scrape off without the city into on un¬
clean place.”
This matter of looking to the sanitary na¬
ture of wall coatings seems to be considered
of much importance of late. A supplement
to the Michigan State Board of Health con¬
demns wall paper and kalsomine for walls,
and recommends Alabastine as being sani¬
tary, pure, porous, jtermanent, economical
and beautiful.
To each of the first five persons in every
city and town, who write the Alabastine
Company of Grand Kapids, Michigan, giv¬
ing the chapter containing the above pass¬
age of scripture, will be sent an order on the
Alabastine dealer in the town for a package
of Alabastine, enough to cover fifty square
yards of wall two coats, tinted or white.
To test a wall coating, take a small quan¬
tity of it, mix in equal quantity of boiling
water, and if it does not set, when left in
the dish over night, and finally form a stone
liko cement, without shrinking, it is a kalso
mine, and dependent upon glue to hold it to
tho wall, the feature so strongly objected to
by sanitarians.
Continuing this sanitary wall-coating re-
form tho Tribune offices have been nicely
decorated with Alabastine. The effect is
pleasing, and the rooms are very sweet and
clean.— Detroit Tribune
HOW STATUES ARE MADE.
THE SCTTLPTOR’S ART AS PRAC¬
TICED HERE AND ABROAD.
The Clay Model and the Plaster Cast
—The Process of Malting a Marble
Statue.
In painting, mechanical dexterity is
quite a minor matter, and the painter is
comparatively free from any but artistic
considerations. In sculpture, on the
other hand, though the same application
of artistic principles is exacted and neces¬
sary,a large proportion of purely mechan¬
ical work falls to the share of the artist,
necessitating unusual care and skill.
What anxiety the sculptor feels while his
clay takes on form, when it is being cast
in plaster, and finally during its repro¬
duction in marble or the delicate process
of casting it in bronze 1
A painting practically passes through
only two, or at most three, stages in the
course of its development into completed
form; there are the sketches, the studies,
and finally the finished painting. In
sculpture the case is somewhat different.
There we have also preliminary studies
and sketches, but the clay model already
shows the work in its artistic comple¬
tion. The plaster cast is simply a repro¬
duction in marble or bronze. Thus, when
the statue is practically finished, it must
still pass through two more stages, in
which usually nothing is added to the
original work (except sometimes in the
plaster cast), but it is simply reproduced in¬
in other materials. But this process
volves no end of labor and anxiety.
The painter makes preliminary sketches
and studies, often many in number, for
his works. Similarly the sculptor. He
begins by giving form to his idea in a
small model from four to six inches in
height. This Is a mere sketch, roughly
blocked out, but it suffices to give an
idea of the position of the proposed
figure, or the composition of the group,
if there are several figures. The material
used in this first study is sometimes
modeling wax, but usually clay or plasti-
line. The latter, a kind of wax, some¬
what resembles putty, but does not
harden; unlike clay, therefore it does
not need to be wetted. Naturally, the
sculptor sometimes turns out these little
figures just as the painter often does his
sketches; not necessarily as studies for
larger works, but also simply for prac¬
tice. Thus the visitor to the studio of
John Rogers of “group” fame, for in¬
stance, can often see long rows of those
minute statuettes in the rough, filling
shelves that run around tho room.
From this preliminary sketch the art¬
ist usually prepares a larger study, gener¬
ally in clay, and, say, about one foot in
height. This is already very much more
elaborate than the first and allows the in¬
tent and conception of the sculptor to be
seen much more clearly. So, for ex¬
ample, the study of Beecher for Ward’s
statue of the great preacher, which the
writer saw at the studio about two and a
half years ago, was extremely suggestive
in its presentation of spirit and character.
Now, for these smaller models, which
have been wrought over into a suggestive
semblance of the work to be, there must
be evolved a large clay model of the size
in which it is intended to reproduce the
figure or group. But such a mass of clay,
if left unsupported,would collapse. Brian dan-’
with the precautions that are taken,
gerous breakdowns havaoccurred in large
or equestrian ^groups. But these would
occur only through the inexperience of
the sculptor. The clay is molded around
a sort of iron skeleton, with lead pipes
for the arms and legs, which are bent in¬
to the positions required. This model is
placed on a revolving stand, so that the
sculptor may have the light on any side
he wishes. The modeling is done with
tools of bone and wood of various sizes.
Some are about the length and thickness
of a carpenter’s pencil, and flattened out
at one end or at both ends; others have
a triangular wire loop projecting from
one end. The finer touches are often
putin with the fingers alone, and it is in¬
teresting to watch the artist at work,
picking off a small lump of clay at one
place and dabbing it on in another, or
producing delicate effects by deft digs
or sweeps with his thumb. Water is oc¬
casionally squirted upon the model to
keep it moist, and when the day’s work
is done the figure, after another sprin¬
kling from the hose, is covered with damp
cloths. Some sculptors, after thus
wrapping up their clay model, take
further precautions to keep oil the air.
At Ward’s studio a cylinder of black oil
cloth, closed on top and held in shape
above and below by stiff rings, is let
down from the ceiling over the model.
J. Scott Hartley effects the same result
by means of a metal cylinder which has
some resemblance to an inverted ash can
and which was invented by Walter Clark,
one of his pupils. Sometimes the clay
is mixed with stearine and glycerine, in¬
stead of water, but the latter is generally
used.
In this clay model the figure is worked
out completely to the smallest detail, and
when the sculptor has fashioned the pli¬
able material into exactly the shape that
he waDts, the whole is cast in plaster of
paris. A plan followed by some sculp¬
tors is to have the plaster cast made be¬
fore they have finished modeling; in
that case the work is completed on the
plaster cast, as good plaster Hiram can be pre¬
pared for this purpose. Powers
is said to have done all his modeling in
plaster, and invented some very ingenious
tools for his work. Ward, I am told,
when making the equestrian statue of
General Thomas, first prepared a careful
study of the horse, about one-third of
the proposed size. From this, by ex¬
act measurement, he manufactured a sori
of skeleton, three times a large, with
ribs, which he covered with burlaps.
Then he piled on the plaster, being
guided all the while by measurements model.
made from all points of the small
It was a very ingenious way of avoiding
the difficulties presented by the tendency
of the legs of large animal figures to
crack and crumble when modeled in clay.
A few artists, like Bernarovitch Fein-
berg, for instance, the sculptor at the
Eden Musee, finish their figures when
they are cast in plaster, but the general
practice is to complete them in the clay.
The next and last step is to reproduce
the plaster cast in the material in wuich
it is desired to perpetuate the artist’s
work. Marble or bronze is generally
used for this purpose, and whether the
statuary is hewn out of stone or cast in
metal the operation iu both cases is a
delicate one and requires a high degree
of mechanical and artistic skill.
If the material chosen is marble, the
process is as follows: The material is
placed upon a large ‘‘scale stone,” and
the marble block on a similar one.
Marks are then made on all the project¬
ing or salient parts of the plaster figure,
and each “scale stone” is also covered on
it3 front with a number of points, which
are the same on each stone. By means
of an ingenious contrivance the marble
is drilled full of holes corresponding to
the marks made on the model. The in¬
strument used for this purpose is what is
known as a "pointing machine,” which
is provided with arms that end in metal
“needles,” and which is placed between
the two “scale stones.” In using it, one
of the arms, which move in ball-and-
socket joints, is set to touch a point on
the scale stone, while the upper one is
pointed upon a mark on the figure. The
arms are then fixed in this position by
means of a screw, and the instrument is
swung around to the other scale stone.
Here a corresponding point is touched
by the lower needle, while the upper
one, of course, strikes upon the marble
block. This upper needle is made to
slide backward and at the point it marks
a hole is drilled into the marble. The
hole is continued to such a depth that
when the needle is protruded again to
its full length and touches the bottom
of the hole it marks a spot that corre¬
sponds exactly to the place on which it
was set on the plaster cast. This oper¬
ation is repeated until the marble is
covered with a large number of holes,
The “scarpellino,” or chiselman, then
cuts away the marble as far as the bot¬
tom of all the holes. After the statue is
thus roughly blocked out it passes into
the hands of a more skilful scarpellino.
The latter completes the marble statue
almost entirely, being constantly aided
by the pointing machine in making meas¬
urements. The sculptor then has little
to do more than to add the finishing
touches .—New York Times.
SELECT SIFTINGS.
Filberts originally came from Greece.
Koch’s lymph is a clear,reddish-brown
fluid.
It is said that a Chinaman never goes
crazy.
Thomas Jefferson invented tho hill¬
side plow.
Maryland’s State Museum has a petri¬
fied oyster.
The United States has more miles of
railroad than all Europe.
Beavers and otters ^re still trapped in
Northern New York in large numbers.
A lawyer of California has just received
§95,000 for five years’ work on one case.
Cincinnati (Ohio) physicians propose
the enlargement of the head as a cure
for idiocy.
Queens College, Oxford, England, has
just celebrated the 550th anniversary of
its foundation.
Farthings are legal tender in England
up to one shilling, but are frequently
refused if offered for even one penny.
Millionaire Crocker, of California, is
said to have four diamonds in the crown
of his teeth. The stones are valued at
$1500.
The skeleton of Tonti, the famous
French explorer, has been unearthed at
Starved Rock, on the Illinois River. It
was identified by the iron hand.
One of the employes of the Postal
Telegraph Office in St. Petersburg, Rus¬
sia, has invented a watch which will run
forty-five days at a single winding.
A goose at Tarrytown, N. Y., has
reached the age of twenty-two years and
is still sound in mind and body and ap¬
parently good for five years more, She
has furnished enough feathers in her life
to make three feather-beds.
Probably the most unique and expres¬
sive annual pass for 1891 is that sent out
by President John Hoey, of the Adams
Express Company. On thejface, delicately
engraved, is a skull, and about it in fine
letters is the word “deadhead.”
For many years it was believed that
the atmosphere had a great deal to do
with thread-making, and that Scotland. good
thread could only be made in
It is now known that it is ail in the
twist and nothing in the atmosphere.
The dolphin is said to be the fastest
swimmer in the seas; it has been ob¬
served to dart through the waters at a
rate decidedly greater than twenty miles
an hour, and it is often seen swimming
round and round a vessel which is sailing
at its highest speed. —-----
Potatoes vs Fish.
“My father,” says a Colorado did judge,
“was a stern, exacting man, who not
seem to think a boy on a farm needed any
time to go fishing or hunt woodchucks,
lie was also a believer in the free use of
the rod, which, as I used to think, often
spoiled the child. leave
“0*e week my father had to
home to be gone three days. He took tee
out to a field of potatoes and said, ‘John, I
I want you to hoe those potatoes while
gone. I shall he gone just three days.
You can do it iu that time if you are spry.’
“As soon as father was gone I went
out and looked the field over. It was
just the senson of trout fishing in our
region. I said, ‘Sho, I believe I cun hoe
that field in two days easy enough!’ So
I went off and fished all the first anddooked day.
‘•The second day I went out
the ground over, and said, ‘I believe if 1
get up and work real hard I can hoe those
potatoes in one day.’ So I went and
fished all the second day.
“The third morning I went out, and
the field seemed to have grown twice as
big in the night. I said, 'I can’t do it in
one day the best I can work, aDd father
will lick me for fishing two whole days, third
anyhowl’ So I went aud fished the
day.” finally
hoed The judge doesn’t tell whether he he has
the potatoes or not, but cer¬
tainly been a hard worker since then, and
perhaps the rod did not spoil the child
after all.
Mini persons household are broken down from over, Bit*
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