Newspaper Page Text
NEWS FOR THE
HOME-MAKER
By MILDRED HENRY. H.D.A.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STAIN
REMOVAL.
The removal of stains is a necessary
feature of the general care of clothing
and household textiles. Most stains may
be removed easily at home, if reliable
methods are known and a few simple
precautions taken. Prompt treatment is
one of the most important rules. Changes
in the character of the stain, brought
about by drying, exposure to air, wash
ing, ironing, or in other ways, often
make it necessary to use stronger chem
icals in removing old stains. However,
miracles should not be expected as th
result of amateur or even professional
efforts at stain removal. Very often th
staining substance has so attacked th
fabric that it can not. be removed with
out destroying the fibers.
Nature of the Stain.
The nature of the stain should be
known, if possible, before its removal is
attempted, because this determines the
treatment. If an unsuitable remover
used, the stain may be “set” so that its
removal becomes difficult or even im
possible. For example, if boiling water
which easily removes most fresh fruit
stains, is applied to stains containin
protein, such as those from milk, bloo'
eggs, or meat juice, it coagulates the al
bumin and makes it exteremely difficult
to remove.
Kind of Fabric.
The kind of fabric upon which the
stain occurs should also be known and
the method of treatment chosen which
■will affect that particular fabric the
least. In removing stains from fabrics
made from two or more kinds of fibers,
such as silk and cotton mixtures, the
effect of the stain removers upon all of
the fibers should be considered. N
chemical should be used which would in
jure the most delicate of the fibers.
Cotton and Linen.
Strong acids destroy cotton and linei
and even weak ones attack these fabrics
to some extent. Therefore, concentrated
acids never should be used in removing
stains from the fibers. When diluted
acids are employed, they should be neu
tralized afterward with a weak alkali,
such as ammonia water, and removed by
thorough rinsing; otherwise the acid
may become contracted upon drying and
destroy the fibers. Generally speaking
alkalis do not attack cotton or linen fab
rics to the extent that acids do.
Wool and Silk.
Strong alkalis dissolve both wool and
silk, and even washing soda or strongly
alkaline soap often seriously injures
these fabrics. The only alkalis that
should be used in laundering or remov
ing stains from wool and silk are the
milder ones like borax or dilute solutions
pf ammonia. The use of very hot water
on these fibers must be avoided, since it
turns both wool and silk yellow, shrink.'
wool, and injures the finish of silk.
Rayon and Similar Synthetic Fibers.
Since rayon and similar artificial fi
bers are manufactured by various pro
cesses, this makes a difference in the
stain removers and methods that can be
used. Many fabrics of this type must
be handled very caret if! ly when wet, for
water weakens them. Boiling is likely
to decrease their luster. Dilute acids
are not usually harmful to them, but
concentrated acids should not be used.
Colored Fabrics.
Bleaches and other chemicals strong
enough to remove stains will usually at
tack dyestuffs. It is, therefore, neces
sary to handle colored fabrics more care
fully than white ones. They should b<
treated rapidly and rinsed thoroughly. Ig
Women: "Build-Up"
To Relieve Pain
A weak, run-down, undernourished
condition calls for attention!
Such, a often enables
functional dysmenorrhea to get its
foothold. That’s one thing which
leads to much of women’s suffering
from headaches, nervousness, those
cramp-like pains. A good way to
relieve such pains, women by thou
sands have found, is by the proper
use of CARDUI. It stimulates a
lagging appetite, assists digestion
and assimilation; thus helps build
physical resistance to periodic pain.
Taken just before and during “the
time,” many women also report
that CARDUI helps to ease the
pain and discomfort of the peiiod.
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♦ NOTICE |
♦ ♦♦♦
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Y A
♦*♦ That whereas in accordance with amendment to ♦
A the Charter of the City of Summerville, system of *|*
♦*♦ Registration was set up whereby all persons liv- |
A ing within the corporate limits of the City of Sum-
merville, who are registered and have paid all poll
A taxes due the county and are authorized to vote for i
A members of the General Assembly, may register J*
A within the City Clerk’s office of the City of Summer-
A ville. This Registration is now operated as Coun-
A ty Registration and all persons desiring to vote for
A the next election of Mayor and Councilmen, must
♦♦♦ register by December Bth, 1939, or thirty days
♦♦♦ prior to the next election for Mayor and Council- A
A men. All citizens desiring to vote are notified to A
A see that their County Registration is in proper form A
Y and come by the Ci*y Clerk’s office, located in Mr.
*|* Hale’s store, and register there. :
❖ C. D. Pullen, J
A A
A City Clerk. *
►♦♦♦AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA*'
the color changes shade when treated
with an acid the original color can often
be restored by a weak alkali, such as
ammonia solution or ammonia fumes.
Acetic acid will often restore a coloi
that has been changed by alkalis.
Substances I’sed for Stain Removal.
Almost all of the materials used for
stain removal may be classified as ab
sorbents, solvents or bleaches, althougl
there are a few miscellaneous ones whos
action is different.
Absorbents.
Such substances as chalk, magnesiun
carbonate, fuller's earth and corn inea
are known as absorbents.
To use the absorbent powders, lay thi
stained fabric upon a flat surface am
spread a layer of the absorbent over
the stain. Work it around gently so a
not to pull the fibers. As soon as i
becomes gummy, shake or brush it off
and repeat the process until the bulk o
rhe stain is removed. Then apply an
other layer of the absorbent and adov
it to remain overnight, nr longer if nee
essary. This removes all traces of th
stain, and in the case of slight stains
the preliminary treatment is unneces
sary. Then dust or brush off the ah
sorbent thoroughly. If it is not con
venient to let the stain stand overnight
place a layer of cloth or brown pape
over the absorbent and apply a warn
(not hot) iron for several minutes. In
the case of stains -made by solid fats
which must be melted before they can br
absorbed, the use of warm iron is nec
essary.
Stain Solvents.
Water and such liquids as ether, wood
or denatured alcohol, benzol, acetone
gasoline, chloroform and carbon tetra
chloride are common stain solvents. Th
other solvents mentioned are particular
ly good for removing stains of a fattj
or greasy nature. Gasoline, naptha a-n<
ether are very inflammable and may b
the cause of serious fires.
Potassium Permanganate.
Potassium permanganate can be use.
in removing certain stains from all whit
fabrics except rayon. One or more rep.
titions of the treatment may be neces
sary in the case of persistent stains.
Hydrogen Peroxide.
Hydrogen peroxide, as obtained so.
medical purposes, has usually been mail
slightly acid, to give it better keeping
quality. For use in removing stain
make a small quantity of the peroxid
slightly alkaline with ammonia solution
Since hydrogen peroxide affects the fi
ber also, in the case of cotton, and line,,
materials, follow it by very careful rim
ing. Apply it to the stain with a med.
cine dropper, a glass rod, or a clea:
cork, or sponge the stain with it.
Oxalic Acid.
Oxalic acid is poisonous and should bi
used carefully. 'Hie bottle in which it n
stored must be marked “Poison” and
kept out of the reach of children. 'l
prepare the solution, dissolve as man?
of the crystals of the acid as possible
in a pint of lukewarm water. Put ini
a bottle, stopper tightly, and use a:
needed. Apply this solution to the staii
with a medicine dropper or glass rod an
after allowing it to remain for a lev
minutes, rinse thoroughly in clear water.
Neutralize with a solution of ammonia.
Hydrosulphites.
Hydrosulyhites are perhaps- the most
generally useful bleaching agents foi
stain removal, sodium hydrosulphite
usually being employed. Stable forms
are available under many trade names'
They should be kept dry in tightly closed
cans not moistened until ready te
nse. The powder may then be mois
tened and worked directly onto the stair
with the fingers, or it mav be dissolved
in water and the fabric wholly or par
tially immersed in the warm solution.
These compounds are particularly useful
in removing dye which has stained thi
fabric an I are effective on almost al
stains which are not greasv in nature
They can not be used on colored materia!
unless the treatment is very rapid and
the fabric well rinsed as soon as the stain
is removed. Even under such conditions,
the color of the fabric is often removed
with the stain.
GENERAL METHODS OF TREATIN'!
STAINS.
Sponging with water other solvent.
If the nature of the stain is not known
and it does not appear to be greasy,
sponging with a wet cloth may be effec
tive. However, it. is always well to try
the action of water on some inconspicu
ous part of the garment unless it is defi
nitely known that the fabric will not
water spot or the color be affected.
Spread the article on a flat surface
in a good light. Lay the stained ma
terial with the wrong side up and apply
the liquid to the back, so that the for
eign substances can be washed froip the
fibers without having to pars through
the material. A cloth folded several
THE SUMMERVILLE NEWS: THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1939
times to form a pad, or, better, a clean,
soft, lintless cloth which has been dipped
in the liquid and wrung until partially
dry. Do not have the cloth excessively
wet. L’se light brushing motions, spread
ing the moisture irregularly into the
surrounding fabric in order to preven.
rings.
Application of Chemicals.
Chemicals should not be used until
after water has been tried, unless it is
definitely known that water will not re
move the stain or that the fabric is un
suitable for water treatment. There is
always danger that chemicals will at
tack the fiber.
However, there are a few common
hemicals which are necessary to remove
some stains, and these should be kept
m every household. As some are poison
ous, they should not be kept in the fam
ily medicine cabinet or the pantry. Chem
icals most commonly used in removing
stains are Javille water, potassium per
manganate, oxalic acid, ammonia wate.
and carbon tetrachloride. The utensili
needed are a medium-sized bowl, a medi
cine dropper, a glass rod with a rounded
nd, several pads of cheesecloth or old
nuslin, a small sponge, and sheets 01
white blotting paper. Work rapid!
vhen using chemicals to remove stains
so as to give them as little time as po;
sible to act on the textile fibers. Many
brief applications of the chemicals, wit!
rinsing or neutralizing after each appli
cation, are preferable to allowing them
to remain on the stain for a long time
Stretch the stained portion of the gar
nient over a bowl of clean water an
apply the chemical with a medicir
dropper, as shown in Figure 1. Th<
■hemicals may be rinsed out quickly b.
dipping in the clean water. Anothe
method is to place the stained portio
wer a pad of folded cloth and apply th
•hemical with a glass rod as shown i
Figure 2. The neutralizing must b
borough, and should be followed b;
insing in several changes of water.
The chief difficulties encountered b;
the inexperienced are ring formation
and roughening of the fabric. Ring
ire caused by the excess dressing of tin
abric which runs back into the edge of
the damp portion and is deposited thei
rs the fabric dries. They are overconn
>y skill in handling. After a spot i.-
removed it is well to go over it light!,
vith a moist sponge or cheesecloth, ab
sorbing the surplus liquid and barely
lampening the surrounding fabric enougl
o spread the dressing out in an irregu
ar. indistinct line. It is sometime
helpful to go over the spot with a piece
f cheesecloth moistened in denatured oi
rood alcohol. Do not have the cloth too
noist, as some colors are affected by al
■ohol. Rapid drying is always a wise pre
caution in all cases of stain removal
where there is danger of ring formation.
A fan or a hair drier can be used to good
advantage or the garment miny be hun
where a good breeze strikes it. If it is im
possible to prevent rings by these meth
ods it may be necessary to wash the gar
ment or to dip it in gasoline. This gaso
line dip is the remedy generally used by
commercial cleaners. A roughened fabric
is due, of course, to too hand and too
much rubbing. Only practice can bring
the light touch which is part of the skill
of an experienced cleaner. The use of a
medicine dropper as described is a great
advantage.
For methods of treating individual
stands send for Farmers’ Bulletin No.
1474, IT. S. Department of Agriculture.
Washington. D. C.
GOD’S GREAT GIFT.
(By Mrs. Earl Miller.)
Again we are nearing the glorious
Christmastide, a time when we celebrate
the birthday of our Lord Jesus Christo —
God’s gift to the world. God gave us His
greatest gift, His only Son —-to be oui
Savior because He loved us.
Each year we try to show our love to
others by bringing our gifts. We plan to
give useful gifts and such as will best
show our love. First of all we should give
to our blessed Savior. Jesus said in His
word, “Inasmuch as ye have done it unto
one of the least of these, my brethren,
ye have done it unto me.”
Most of us have so many friends and
relatives we want to remember on Christ
mas that we have little left for the poor,
if any—and we are likely to give to the
poor what is left over after our Christ
mas list is finished. But remember what
Jesus said, “Inasmuch as ye have done
it unto the least of these, my brethren,
ye have done it unto me.”
Gifts to the poor are gifts to Christ. A
great many gifts are for appearance only.
Other gifts are just gifts in return for the
Bi
NERVOUS TENSION
Shows in both face and manner
You are not fit company for
yourself or anyone else when you
are Tense, Nervous, “Keyed-up”.
Don’t miss out on your share of
good times. The next time over
taxed nerves make you Wakeful,
Restless, Irritable, try the soothing
effect of
DR. MILES NERVINE
Dr. Miles Nervine is a
scientific formula co m -
Fs pounded under the super
jfca vision of skilled chemists
•(gC. in one of America’s most
modern labora
anSnf tones.
Why don’t yon try it?
IAI Lar * e Bottle (1.00
' f 13 Small Bottle 25$
Igpcwf Vw At your Drug Store
DR. MILES
nervine
gift that you received, but the gift with
out the giver is bare. Give from the heart
or not at all.
Are you ready to keep Christmas?
Keeping Christmas means far more
than giving and receiving present, hav
ing a big day of fun, and eating a big
dinner. One who does only that does no
really know how to keep Christmas. Do
you understand the needs of poor littl.
children in your community? Its a greai
art to be able to love them and make
them happy.
A superintendent of city missions, who
often, in person, distributed gifts among
the poor at Christmas time, was just set
ting down to his own Christinas dinner
when he heard of a poor family over thi
way that, had been’passed by in distribut
ing Christmas baskets. He hastily left
his own dinner, and filled a large basket
and started out to the home of the pom
family. He knocked at the door and a very
ragged, hungry little boy answered the
door. After taking a big look at the over
flowing basket, he asked : “Are you God i
Mamma told us God would send us some
thing.”
“No, son. I am not God. but God sent
me; I am His representative.”
“GHOST” GETS CASH.
BROOKLINE. Mass. —While student'
and teachers of the Choate school enjoyed
a Halloween party a sneak thief, pro!
ably dressed as a “ghost,” stole .$12,000
worth of jewelry, furs and cash.
mlwwi
2 Tu i
You, too, can enjoy constant hot water service for
little, if any, more than it costs you now to heat water
by some old-timey, non-automatic method. An Auto
matic Electric Water Heater in your home will run
on our lotvest rate —lc a Kilowatt Hour. I hen, you
can have hot water as easily as you have cold wafer
—-with only the turn of a faucet. No waiting. No
bother. No shortage of hot water. Come to our store
and buy now while prices are down.
TmS 32-GAL. L&H WATF.R HEATCI
' JF INSTALLED
J ( Slightly higher on terms of
REGULAR PRICE $104.05
IwliiM Hil
■ Georgia Power Company
SAFE ™ erica ’s
meeting the emergency Foremost Safety Tire
needs of Police Chiefs from Endorsed by Emergency
Coast to Coast ' Drivers Everywhere
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H. G. Ramey Garage
One Mile South of Trion Phone 100 W
•HERALDS OF DESTINY, AT ROME
“Heralds of Destiny," adventure sto
ries of civilization building and humani
tarianism taken from the annals, past
and present, of the Baptst and Methodist
ehurches, will be presented weekly ovei
Radio Station WRGA in Rome, lhe
programs will be heard at 8 o’clock on
Monday evenings, beginning Nos. b.
An eyewitness account of the recen
bombing of Chungking, the sacrifice an
old slave made in order to teach his peo
ple, the heroic courage of America s first
oreign missionary, and the inspired de
termination that carried a Revolutionary
era preacher on a quarter of a million
mile journey on horseback provide the
material for a few of the stories.
They are all true stories. Some of them
happened almost two centuries ago Oth
ers are still unfinished today. Jointly
presented by the Methodist Million unit
fellowship movement and the Northern
Baptist convention, the “Heralds of Des
tiny” stories are typical of the experi
ences of missionaries of any denomina
tion.
The series, presented by the radio sta
tion on a sustaining basis, was inaugurat
ed in 1937 by the Methodist church agen
cy. This year, the Northern Baptist con
vention accepted the invitation to join
in the sponsorship, thus adding a wealth
of material to the store from which ma
terial is drawn and increasing twofold
the interest in the series.
“Tungling, Okla. —Feeling ill, Paul
Butler. 15, high school footbal player,
asked permission of the coach to “rest
a' minute,” then fell over dead. Injuries
received in a previous game, about which
' he had told no one, caused his death.
anyway
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