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j SCHOOL NEWS |
EDITORIAL STAFF OF SUMMERVILLE HIGH SCHOOL
Editor-in-Chief Andrew Williams
Assistant Editor Vera Bea Hemphill
Society Editor James Allen
Sports Editor • Morris Dalton
Columnists Ophelia Watkins, W. A. Perry
REPORTERS
Eleventh Grade Bill Broome
z Tenth Grade Catherine Greene, Darty Stowe
Ninth Grade Jane Yancey, Jimmie Hudson
Eighth Grade Serena Wepf, Ralph Brown
Honor Roll—First Grade “A”
4 Betty Brice, Maxine Norton, Jane
Stephenson, Martha Tutton, Mari
lyn McCurdy, Ruth Denton, Joyce
Groce, Mary Lina Powell, Eva Jean
Davis, Sidney Lanier, Sims Haw
kins, Horace Hughes, Arlin Osby.
THE SENIOR PLAY
Come to see the senior play on
Friday night, April 4, at 8 o’clock,
won’t you please? Our seniors will
* appreciate your patronage and they
think you will enjoy their play.
Proceeds from this play will aid the
seniors in taking a trip to Savan
nah this spring. They also wish to
present a speakers’ stand for use
“ on the Summerville High school
stage.
“Mamma’s Baby Boy” is a very
amusing play and will be well worth
the price of admission.
Between acts the school band will
play.
During these last two or three
weeks we have had quests for our
column. We could not get all of the
article in. So this week we are put
ting in the articles that we could
not publish before due to lack of
space.
.♦ The articles of the past have been
very good and interesting. We have
enjoyed having these guests visit
our column.
Charles Garrett.
CHARLES WRIGHT WINS
“SPELLING BEE”
Charles Wright, of the Seventh
Grade B, Miss Sewell’s room, won
the grammar school spelling con
test. He will have to compete with
other contestants from this county
in order to select a contestant to
represent Chattooga county in At
lanta.
The Summerville grammar school
has been studying spelling every
morning all of this school term. We
hope he will win the county and
then the state spelling contests.
* Lots of luck, Charles.
Andrew Williams.
How Cotton Manufacturing
Became An Industry
After the Revolutionary war was
over, the Americans wished to man
ufacture their own cotton goods.
But England didn’t want them to
so she would not let any textile
machines leave the country.
Finally, an English mechanic
named Samuel Slater, came to
• America with “a machine in his
head.” He started this cotton mill
in Pawtucket, R. 1., in 1790. Slater
trained other men who established
♦ other cotton mills under his di-*
rection. Twenty years after Slater
started his first mill in Rhode Is
land, there were over sixty cotton
mills in New England, with more
being built.
With her early start, New Eng
land long held first place in the
cotton manufacturing industry, but
now her supremacy is challenged
by the cotton-growing states in the
’ South. Massachusetts still holds
first place in the number of spin
dles, but North Carolin is second.
Martha Roper.
✓
The Leather Industries t
The tanning of leather is a big
ind}iptry developed by the United
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States. American shoes are noted
. all over the world and are sold in
nearly every civilized country. Our
. hides and tanning materials are
now important.
Cattle, sheep and goats furnish
most of the hides and skins from
which leather is made. Large num
bers of hides are also imported
from Argentina, Uruguay and Can
ada. Large numbers of goat skins
are imported from India, China,
Brazil, northern Africa, Spain and
other Mediterranean countries
where shoes are plentiful.
The skins of animals are salted
and dried or placed in a solution of
salt. Tanning is the process of
changing skins or hides into leath
er. This industry was scattered
through the Appalachians where
the chestnut and oak trees were
abundant, and across the northern
United States from Wisconsin east
ward where the hemlocks were
found.
Formerly, every little community
had its local cobbler who made
shoes to order by hand. In 1750.
John Adam Dagys applied the prin
ciple of the division of labor to
shoemaking in Lynn, Mass. So suc
cessful was this start that by 1795,
Lynn was producing 300,000 pairs
per year. From Lynn the industry
spread to other centers such as
Brockton, Mass., which established
a reputation for the making of
men’s shoes.
Pauline Ash.
-
Goddess of Silkworms
In our geography we have been
studying the story of silk. The story
begins with Hoang-Ti, the third
emperor of China. He requested of
his queen, Si-Ling-Chi, to examine
the silkworm and to test the use of
silk from the cocoons. She collected
large numbers of silkworms and
cared for them herself, then dis
covered how to reel the silk and to
make it into cloth. This started
about 1700 B. C. For her discovery
she was called “The Goddess of the
Silkworms.” The Chinese kept their
secret for some time but it later
spread to Persia and countries of
Asia, and to Europe and the Ameri
cas. Silk forms the basis for an ex
pensive trade between the Mediter
ranean lands and the Monsoan land
of the old world. Only people of
high rank could afford this silk
From this discovery has grown the
silk industry of the world.
Eunice Smith.
Louisiana Purchase
The purchase of the French prov
ince of Louisiana was made by the
United States in 1803. In 1682, La
Salle, bearing a commission from
the French king for that purpose
penetrated the Mississippi valley ir
America and took possession of it
in the name of France. He called it
Louisiana after the French mon
arch, 'Louis XIV. The only outlet
for their products lay through the
Mississippi byway of,New Orleans
President Jefferson sent Robert R
Livingston and James Monroe tc
France to buy Louisiana. To the
surprise of the Americans, Napol
eon offered to sell not only a strip
but all of Louisiana. The offer was
accepted at once and Napoleon
asked $15,000,000, an amount
thought to be excessive. Napoleon
was about to start a war with Eng-
THE SUMMERVILLE NEWS: THURSDAY, APRIL 3, 1941
land and was glad to sell. The pur
: chase of Louisiana led to the ex
; tension of the northwest boundary
to the Pacific and later to the ac
; quisition of territory from Mexico.
'• Fay Cooper.
Paper-Making
Until 1859 linen and cotton rags
were the principal raw materials
for paper-making in the United
States. During the Civil war paper
was needed and it led to the dis
covery of paper. With the increase
of population and the rise of news
papers and magazines, cheap pa
per was in great demand. As they
searched for material they found
that wood pulp was the solution of
I the problem.
i About 90 per cent, of the paper
• today is made from wood pulp. The
trees that supply most of the wood I
pulp are spruce, hemlock and fir.
i There are two kinds of wood
l pulp, a chemical and a mechanical.
. The chemical is made by cutting
[ the wood into fine chips and cook
. ing it with chemicals. Mechanical
; wood pulp is made by grinding
blocks of wood against grindstones
[ until the wood is reduced to fine
; shreds. It is used for cheap grades
of paper. The best paper is still
I made from rags, but most grades
f are mixtures of the several differ
f ent kinds of pulp. The demand for
. paper is so great that we are being
[ compelled to import wood pulp.
. The pulp and paper mills are
[ largely concentrated in the eastern
L and Lake states.
Jo Smith.
The Invention of the Airplane
The first airplane to fly success
-1 fully was built by the Wright broth
, ers, Wilbur and Orville, of Dayton,
Ohio.
i Near Kitty Hawk, N. C., the first
airplane flight in history was made
, on Dec. 17, 1903. Orville Wright
; climbed into the kite-like affair.
’ The machine was held in place at
: the top of an inclined track by a
I wire.
After the engine was warmed up.
the propeller whirling in the stiff
wind, the wire was released and
the machine started sliding down
the incline and into the wind. Wil
bur Wright ran alongside the right
wing, prepared to balance it upon
. the tracks.
The plane lifted into the air. It
: flew 120 feet in twelve seconds and
settled down on the road without
damage.
It took the world five years to
recognize that the Wright brothers
i had actually accomplished what
had been long thought impossible.
Modern airplanes are capable of
remarkable performances. They can
■ carry loads of more than twenty
five tons, cover immense distances
without stopping, and rise to
heights above the highest moun
tains. Every day they fly from one
end of Europe to another, carrying
passengers and freight with safety
in all kinds of weather except fog
which makes it difficult to land in
v safe place.
Airplane control is simple, con
sisting of two levers operated by
the pilot. They are called the “joy
stick,” and the rudder bar.
Charles Wright.
Home
Home is that place where you can
relax from your cares. It is differ
ent perhaps from any other but the
individual can determine what his
home will be. The word “home”
embraces love, honesty, respect,
co-operation and something more.
Louise Tripp.
What Home Means To Me
Home is the place of abode of
persons bound by ties of affection;
a place where affection of parents
for each other and for their chil
dren and where the immature are
protected and guarded. The home is
a place where such character traits
as truthfulness, honesty, loyalty are
developed. Each member of the
family should co-operate with each
other jn making it a better place
to live. The more work or material
contributions we put into the
home, the more we love it. That
which comes to us easily, we value
lightly. Every member of the fam
ily has a responsibility in the suc
cessful home. No one member can
ever make a home successful, but
one unco-operative member may
ruin the joy of the entire family.
People judge you by the kind of
home you have.
Catherine Johnson.
I
The Home
The home is a place of abode of
persons bound together by ties of
affection; a place where affection
of parents for each other, for their
children and among all members
of the family is nurtured and en
joyed; where real personal hospi
tality is extended; where the im
mature and protected and quar
tered; a place where one may have}
rest, privacy and a sense of secur- I
ity; where one may enjoy his own I
individual kind of recreation and
also share it with others; a place
where one may keep his treasures;
where fundamental culture,. con- I
sisting of customs, language, cour
-1 tesies and traditions, are passed on
to the young; a place where regard
for others, honesty, loyalty, and
other worthy character traits are
I cultivated and enjoyed—a source of
; inspiration.’ i.' ’
Grace Hill Cohen. 1
What Home Means To Me
To me home means a place where
there is peace from the rest of the
world. A place of refuge, it is a
place that is kept together by the
ties of affection, of the mother,
father and children. It takes a
mother and father to make a home.
A home should be a happy and
wholesome place to live, something
beautiful to remember all your life.
Benita Reed.
What Home Means To Me
Home is a place where the mem
bers of a family live and associate
together, not only a place to stay.
The home should be a place of quiet
and peace. If the home is what it
should be every member of the
family pulls together. It is a place
where one makes sacrifices for an
other. The home is also, to some
extent, a place of production. The
home is the members bound toge
ther by affection and love. Home is
not a house, but the living that is
done inside the walls instead of the
walls themselves. “It takes a heap
of living in a house to make it
home.” If the home has the right
kind of living, it is a haven, a sanc
tuary and a source of inspiration.
Dorothy Riley.
What Home Is To Me
Home is to me a place where af
fection for one another is shown.
It is a place where love, loyalty and
devotion is shown.
In the home we find many prob
lems. Here they are worked out by
all the members of the family. Ini
the home, or must I say, in good
homes, many happy hours are spent
sharing each others’ pleasures.
To me some of the most import
ant things in having or creating a
happy home is, first of all, love;
then sharing each others’ joys and
sorrows, helping each other with
different tasks, sharing family rec
reations. There should be rest and
privacy when desired by any mem
ber of the family. Most of all, the
member should share one another,s
religious ideals, that is read the Bi
ble and talk of religion in the home.
After all, when Christianity is in
the home, it is usually found to be
a happy and successful home.
Curtis Mae Bush.
The Island Os Crete
The Island of Crete is situated in
the Mediterranean, 81 miles south i
of Greece. It is 165 miles long and;
from 7 to 35 miles broad. Its area is ’
3,326 square miles. The highest peakl
is 8,060 feet.
In 1821, Crete rose with the rest
of the Greeks, but did not obtain
independence. In 1868 and again in
1869 there were uprisings. Crete had 1
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been in an uproar for 70 years.
Finaly Great Britain, Russia,
France and Italy intervened and
Crete was granted semi-independ
ence. It was tributary nominallly
to Turkey, but it has a national
assembly and regular constitution.
In 1908 Crete took advantage of a
claimed a union with Greece, but
disturbance in Turkey and pro
again the four powers intervened.
A combned force made the Cretans
haul down the Greece flag, but in
1913 Crete was formally annexed to
Greece. This was soon afterward
recognized by the powers.
Its population in 1928 was 386,-
472 people, most of whom were
members of the Greek church. Here
are 3,500 Greek churches in Crete.
The few people who do not belong
to the Greek church are largely
Mohammedans.
Ancient Crete was the scene of
many of the adventures of the
famous Greeks gods and heroes.
Both Saturn and the famous Minos
dwelt here.
Eugene Taylor Jr.
Basketball
The seventh grade A and the
seventh grade B have been playing
basketball. The boys play the boys
and the girls play the girls.
We have a rule that if anyone
starts fussing during the game they
don’t get to play any more.
The first week we played, the
seventh grade A boys and girls won.
This week the seventh grade B boys
won and we girls of the seventh
grade B are hoping to win.
The forwards on the seventh |
grade B team for the girls are June
Hays, Hazel Hughes, Gene Reynolds
Pauline Ash and Eunice Smith.
The guards are Grace Anderson,
Grade Bynum, Jackie Allen, Martha
Roper and Jean Igou.
Hazel Hughes.
Kit Carson
Christopher (Kit) Carson, born;
in 1809 and died in 1868, was a
famous American frontiersman.!
He was born in Madison county,
Kentucky on Dec. 24, 1809. He was
an expert trapper, guide and soldier.
He served Fremont as a guide. In
1847 he was sent to Washington
with dispatches and received an
appointment as an American scout.
He was for a time an Indian agent
in New Mexico. During the Civil
I war he served in the army and
I was made a brigadier-general. Hej
! was a relative of Daniel Boone. He
I was with Fremont in two expedi
tions across the Rocky Mountains.
! Fremont said of him, “With me,
Carson and truth mean the same
thing’.” In 1854 he was appointed
1 United States agent to the Utah I
and. Apache Indians. Carson City,
Nev., was named for him. He died
at Fort Lynn, Colo., on May 23,
1868.
Houston Jackson.
SHOEMAKERS IN U. S.
Formerly, every little communi
ty had its local cobbler, who made
shoes to order by hand. Now, near
ly all boots and shoes are made in
factories. This factory system had
a small start as far back as 1750.
In that year, John Adams Dagys
applied the principle of the divi
sion of labor to shoemaking. So
successful was this start that by
1795, Lynn alone was producing
300,000 pairs per year. All of this
early manufacturing around Bos
ton was on a relatively small scale.
Hand labor was employed, and
there were almost no machines.
The first machine was one for
rolling sole leather. It was intro
duced about 1845. Elias Howe’s
sewing machine was adopted, to the
sewing of upper in 1851.
Have you ever stopped to consid
er how much the sewing machine
■has contributed to the develop
ment of the factory system?
Billie Speer.
THE PANAMA CANAL
The Panama Canal cuts across a
narrow isthmus between two con
tients and saves ships the long trip
around the southern one. In 1550
different European countries saw
the advantage of such a canal.
Spain, Portulgal, Holland and
■ France considered building it.
I Count Ferdinand de Lesseps, under
f took to build the Panama Canal for
the French, but the loss of his
workers to yellow fever forced him
to give up.
In 1902, the United States paid
the French $40,000,000 for the Pan
ama Canal. Colombia, to whom
Panama belonged, could not agree
j on terms satisfactory to both Pan-
■ ama and the United States. For the
! use of the territory surrounding
| Lake Gatun, the United States paid
Panama $10,000,000 and also makes
a yearly payment of $250,000.
Colombia has been paid $25,000,-
000 to her for the loss of Panama.
Panama is less than 10° from
the equator which makes it a true
tropical country. The climate is
generally hot and moist with a
heavy annual rainfall. The temper
ature averages 80° on both the At
lantic and Pacific, coasts. From Jan
uary to April it is a very dry sea
son, while the heavy rainfalls come
in October and November. The low,
swampy coastal lands near the ca
nal are unhealthful, for here are
bred the disease-carrying mosqui
toes.
Jackie Allen.