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ELBEETON GAZETTE. SATURDAY , JULY 14, 1866. A WAR IN EUROPE. It is a notable fact, says the New York ; Journal of Commerce, that though Europe seems to the Verge of one of the most calamitous wars that ever desolated the con tinent, there are comparatively few who know what it is all about. On this point even intelligent men are disagreed. We believe the truth may be stated in a single sentence, that the rival monarcks King William of Prussia, and Francis Joseph of* Austria, in their lu»t for power, have at last become hopelessly involved ; and Italy, after long waiting for the recofbry of the Venetian province, which still remained with Austria by tho treaty of Villatranea, now leaps at the opportunity-to strike at her entangled foo. Primarily, the responsibility for this state of affairs rets on the head of Bismark, tho leading statesman of Prussia, whose restless ambition was not satisfied with sup pressing constitutional liberty in the king dom (closing the doonfof Parliament, and muzzling the press), nor with despoiling Denmark, to obtain the harbor of Kiel; he claimed for Prussia the lkm’s, share of the plunder, in wanton disregard of the rights of her ally. The division of Schleswig and Holstein between them was unsatisfactory; she must have both the Elbe duchies for her own. While the German inonarchs-' are thus engaged in high dudgeon, Italy comes forward with her old cry, “ Home and Venetia,” and the entire population of thn Peninsular fly to arms. The popular enthusiasm becomes irrepressible. What ever may havejjeen the disposition of Vic tor Emanuel, lie must have felt impelled to join in the cry, if he would escape from rev olution. Few could have imagined, while the German quarrel waxed hot, and arma ments were daily increasing, that Italy was ho eager to mix in tho fray. The vast mili tary preparations of the latter were justified by the assertion that her frontiers were threatened. Apparently disconcerted by this new champion in the field, the Germans were half disposed to settle their domestic difficulties. Austria, on the one side, was desperately poor ; aud Prussia, should worst come to worst, might find herself confronted by the legions of France. Put there was no such thing as retreat. Blood was up. It was too late for a congress. All the par ties were willing to go into a congress or conference, but with the explicit under standing, in advance, that none of them would coucede anything. Austria declar ed that the proposed cession of Vcnotia was inadmissible, and Prussia hastened to settle the question of the duchies by marching troops into Holstein, and the latter justi fying herself in this step by the fact that Austria had referred the matter in dispute to the confederation, restoring the powers, in her view, “ to the positions and rights accorded them by the treaty of Vi enna." Doubtless site will endeavor to make of this a strong point in order to throw the onus of commencing hostilities, or rather of committing the overt act, on her neighbor. But in regard to this particular transaction the world at large will care very little, as one or the other would have soon discovered a pretext for knocking the chip from the soldier. Thus we think, in sur veying the present attitude of the belliger ent powers, that most intelligent men will agree with a recent declaration of of Lord Clarendon, in the Brittish Parliament, that “ Europe is menaced with a war uncalled for by national honor, and forbidden by na tional interests—a war for which there is no cauaus belli , and for which there is no justification. THE ELBERTON GAZETTE. WAR IN EUROPE. Actual hostilities have at last commenced between Austra and Prussia, The Prussians have been defeated by the Austrians at Bo hemia. Italy has also declared war. No other powers are yet involved. THE GERMAN QUESTION. London Punch publishes the following* lu cid explanation of the past history and present uspect of the German difficulty: Prussia was a robber, Austria was a thief; Prussia and Austria Stole a Danish fief. Prussia said to Austria, *• Leave the swag alone." Austria said to Pussia, When you drop your bone." “ Prussia said to Austria, # “You don’t mean to go ?" Austria said to Prussia, “ Out of Holstein ? No!" Prussia said to Austria, “ Wherffore do you arm?” Austria said to Prussia, “Os you in alarm." , Prussia said to Austria, “ f don’t mean to fight." Austria said to Prussia, “My intention quite.” Prussia said to Austria, « “Dropyour warlike game." Austria said to Prussia, “ When you do the same." Prussia said to Austria, “What’s the end to be V Austria said to Prussia,, “ Hit me and you’ll sec.” Prussia said to Austria, , “ Come, this brag won't do.” Austria said to Prussia, "Sir, the same to you.” ■ Prussia said to Austria, “ I’ll the Diet try.” Austria said to Prussia. “ Thank you, so will I.” • EXCITED STATE OF GERMANY. The people of Germany, though prov erbially slow of movement, are becoming greatly excited as the prospect of war ap proaches. M. Seinguerlet, the correspon dent of the Temps; writes as follows from Heidelberg, under date of June s>i For some days past the Bavarian capital has been the theatre of riotous scenes. Deplorable excesses have been committed by the populace. The landwchr have used, their arms and blood has been shed. At first tho popular passions were directed against some beer shops. In the midst of wild cries stones were flung against these shops, the windows and shutters broken, and tho furniture destroyed. The day be fore yesterday the shops of the butchers, bakers, and the houses o£ some Jews were attacked ; officers and gendarmes wore mal treated : showers of stones were flung at the landwehr, who firetj on the people. One man was killed and twenty wounded. This ferment has been attributed to the intimate relations which exist between the King aud Richard Wagner, hut those relations have had nothing to do in producing it. Tk: riot is in no way connected with politics, hut it. is au evidence of the revolutionary feeling which possesses the people beyond the Rhine. The Ultramontane party, who are working heaven and earth to make the joung king unpopular, and force him to abdicate, will take advantage of these de plorable street riots to gain their end. In Prussia, where 300,000 families have been deprived of their means of support, dis content is increasiug in proportion as want is extending. Already national workshorps, like those of Paris in 1848, have been or ganized for the purpose of finding employ ment for the people. Hunger is a had po litical economist, and as anew proof of this, some thousands of the Berlin workiug-men held a meeting outside the walls, in which they clamorously demand the expulsion of foreign artisans. In the provinces numer ous conflicts have taken place between the men of the reserves and their officers. At Cologne an officer who tried to arrest a mac belonging to the landwehr, who had not saluted him, was pelted by the market women with potatoes, carrots, and cabbages, and forced to take refuge in the guardhouse. Similar scenes have occurred in various other places. The antagonism between the troops of the line, who are far war, and the | landwehr, who are for peace, is very mark | ed. The threats of war have thrown the ssi whole population betweon Landau and Co logne into a feverish excitement. The re port of the sales of the coal mines of Saarbruck, which lias never been boldly denied, the withdrawal of almost all the troops, and the unscrupulous character of Count Bismark, have raised the suspicion amongst the people that they are to be transferred to France. Tlie agitation which began in Ilhenish Hesse b«s rapidly spread along the whole Rhine. The anniversary of the restoration of the province to Germa ny has been celebrated in the hamlets. A National Defence Committee has been formed at Frankenthal, and numerous meet ings have been held at Neustadt, Bingen, Ingelheim, &c. Energetic protests have been made against the possibility of dis memberment, and a general arming of the people has becu demanded. DIRECT TAXES IN THE SOUTH. The Secretary of the Treasury has trans mitted to the House of Representatives, in answer to a resolution, a report from the Commissioner of internal Revenue, from which it appears that the amount of direct taxes -by the act of 1861 apportioned to Virginia is §937,550, of which §379,491 has been collected; apportioned to North Carolina $576,194, collected $260,283; ap portioned to South Carolina $363,570, col lected $205,882; apportioned to Georgia $584,367, collected $54,421; apportioned to Alabama, $529,213, none collected; ap portioned to Mississippi $413,084, collect ed $*25,000; apportioned to Louisiana $385,886, collected $301,167; apportioned to Tennessee $669,498, collected $383,811; apportioned to Arkansas $261,886, collec tions not reported; apportioned to Florida $77,522, collected $5,712, collected $5,712; apportioned to Texas $355,106 collected, §47,423. The property held by the government, under sales authorized by acts relating to direct taxes, tvas purchased at prices amount ing in the several States as follows: Virgi* nia $32,268; South Carolina $65,392; Flor ida $6,168;/Tennessee $8,360. In Arkansas lands were struck off for tax es unpaid to bidders who never completed their purchases to the amount of $18,600. — The amounts received, from sales in the sev eral States are as follows : Virginia, $113,- 130; South Carolina, 28,433; Florida, $54- 599 j Tennessee, $122,717, Arkansas is not reported. The whole amount standing to s the crcdjt of the Arkansas Commissioners from taxes collected and the proceeds of sales deposited to the credit of the United States is $165,262.1 The Secretary of the Treasury in his let ter enclosing the above facts says: “ I avail myself of this occasion to express au opin ion, based upon my observation of the ope ration of the law, that an additional enact ment authorizing the assumption by the States respectively of the remainder of the direct tax due from each, would, in view of the preseu t impoverished condition of their people, prevent much hardship in individual cases and save from practical confiscation the property of many persons against whom the government has no grounds of complaint; while no public interests would’be injurious ly affected. Should this polioy be adopted, the collection of taxes under the present system might and ought to be discontinued until an opportunity for assumption be offered. Whether the amount realized from re sales of property bid in for the govern ment should or should not he allowed to the Stotes respectively in computing the taxes still due, is a questiou well deserving of‘con sideration, which I submit without com ment.” A conductor on the New York Central Railroad, who deemed it his duty inexorably to enforce the new law in this State prohib iting the use of free passes upon railroads, recently put off the cars at Utica a Fort Wayne (Indiana) editor who had a pass, but no money to pay his fare, and who thus tells his sorrows in an affecting letter to his wife : Utica, N. Y., May 31, 1866. Dear Wife: —Sell my t'other clothes for what they will fo&g, and remit at once. Had my linen dflSfet for supper, and my spare shirt will have to go for lgjging. May be able to make a light breakfast on a Ger man silver comb and a pair of shears that I chanced to have with me. Don’t know when I 6hall get home. It will depend a good deal on the walking. Don’t marry for a few months; there is a bare possibility of my getting back. " Simon. A quaint letter from Dr. Guillotin has been discovered. It reads thus: (i Mon cher: The punishment which I have invented is so gentle —so gentle that really it is only the idea of death which could make it disagree able. Indeed if one were not thinking of death, one would only experience the sensa tion of a slight and pleasant coolness on the neck, et voila tout l" A lump of gold taken ftom the North Carolina gold mines, weighing five pounds, is on exhibition at Statesville, N. C- It is the largest lump found in the State since 1828. NOTICES, &C. THE SOUTHER!; cultivator, For July , is before us. We wish it was before every farmer and gardner in the State, aye, and behind him, too, in well-preserved piles of well bound book3 for future reference and informa tion. We have never heard or read of a being bom without brain—but what is brain worth if not cultivated ? The man who neglects to cultivate his brain, ought to have none to cultivate, and the man who neglects to improve his land, ought nor to (and will soon have) none to cultivate. Unfortunately, it is not with brain as with land f Land can be taken away from one man and given, to another— brain can't—wilh it could. Maa is said to be lord of creation—the brute creation l Why? Because he has taind? What is aaiad ? Brain? No. The horse has braiD, so has the ox and the asst What then is it? What makes the difference? Cultivation! we assert — Cultivation s Cultivation! t CULTIVATION!!! and be hanged to you! Go, then, brute man, and cult’vate yomr Srain. —improve your mind! •' The ox knowetrh his owner, and the ass his master’s crib! \Yb at do you know ? IFe know that the secret of success in; Kfe is cultivation. Cultivation is improvement—im provement is progress, and progress is success! Now in order, reader, that you may progress in the right direction—be sure and cultivate thn Cultivator! . The New York Agriculturist for July is an our table. As usual, it comes to us filled with good advice and a great deal of useful inforra«tton to. farmers and others. This Journal undoubtedly takes the lead in Agricultural matters, and it would be well for farmers desiring t» cultivate their lands on correct principles, to refer to it for information. We would like to see it have a good circulation in this country. We are in receipt of Peterson's Magazine for August. We kail with gladness the return of our old friend to our sanctum. It has bee® »ur companion for years, and we would not be with out it. The present number abounds in good reading matter, in which it has ever excelled all other Ladies’ Books. A beautiful Fashion Plate, in colors, of the latest Parisian styles, and an unex ceptionable Steel Plate, entitled, “ Going to the Party,” together with numerous wood cuts, illus trating the various styles of dre§s, which will be very interesting to the ladies. Terms: $2.00 per annum for a single sub scriber, with great inducements to clubs. NEW MUSIC. We have received from the publishing house of W. Jennings Demorest, 4?3 Broadway, N. Y., the following pieces of new music; “ Waiting at the Station,” —Words by Mrs. M. A. Kidder .—Composed by 11. P. Danks—an amus ing serio-comic Song, containing a great deal of truth. “ Song of the Fairies.” Music by Willamina Vienna J. Detnorest, Words by Mrs. M. A. Kidder.. A simple, but very pretty Song. “The Chain of Love.” Words by W. Jennings Demorest, Music by Henry Tucker. A beautiful' and artistic melody, either for the parlor or con cert room. LE BON TON. We have received a copy of this Fashion Book for Ladies, for the month of July. If this copy is a fair sample of this Magazine, we oannot. speak too highly in its favor. The fashion plates certainly excel any thing of the kind we have ever seen, combining taste and elegance, and ex ecuted in the highest rtyle of art. Each copy contains patterns to correspond with the plates. Ladies who desire to keep up with tj!* fashions, should by all means subscribe to “ I.e Eon Ton."' Terms $7 a year.