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m m «o m - m m o ,
Vol. 2.
The Courier.
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JESSE E. MERCER,
Editor and Publisher.
iatiraadi Schedule.
BLAKELY EXTENSION.
Leaves Blakely daily at 7:30 a. m.; ar-
-rives at Arliugton at 8:30 a. m.; arrives at
Leary at 9:39 a. m.; arrives at Albany at
It :30 a. m. 4:20 arrives at
Leaves Albany at p. m.;
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.at 6:57 p. m.; arrives at Blakely at 8:12
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Couaiy Oirectory.
SUPERIOR COURT.
Hon. B. B. Bower. Judge; .T.AV .Walters,
Solicitor General; J. H. Coram, Clerk.
Spring teem convenes on second Monday
in July. Fall term cm sect*! ? fond ay
in Doeembcr.
C .0 UNT 7 OFFICERS.
Ordinary, A. I. Monroe; Sheriff. \V. W.
•Gladden; Tax Collector, E. 8. Jones; Tax
Receiver, Tlios. F. Cordray; Treasurer, C.
IT. Gee; County School Commissioner, J.J.
Beck; County Surveyor, C. P. Norton; Cor¬
oner, A. G. Gadson.
COUNTY COURT.
L. G. Cart ledge, Judge. Quarterly Au¬ ses¬
sions 4tli -Monday in February, May.
gust and November. Monthly sessions,
4th Monday.
COMMISSIONERS It. R.
John Colley, J. G. Collier and J. T. B.
Fain, Courts held 1st Tuesday in each
■month.
JUSTICES OF TIIE PEACE AND
NOTARIES PUBLIC.
574th District—R. J. Thigpen, J. P.; C.
F. Blocker, N. P. and Ex-officio J. P.
< onrts held third Wednesday iu each
month. J. P.
1123d District—J. L. Wilkerson, second
John Hasty, N. P. Courts held
Thursday in each month.
626th District—J. C. Price, J. P.; N. W.
Pace, N.P. Courts held third Saturday
in each month.
1283d District—C.J. McDaniel, J. P.
Courts held first Saturday in each month.
1316—Thos. W. Holloway; J. P. C. L.
Smith 1 N: P. Courts held 2nd Saturday
in each month. P. John A.
1301— Thos, H. Griffin, J.
Cordray, N. P. Courts held 1st Saturday
in each mouth.
8aker C'aunty Biraclary
SUPERIOR COURT.
B. B. Bower, Judge; J. IF. Writers, So-
lieitor General; B- F. Hudspeth, Clerk,
Spring term convenes on first Monday iu
May. Fall term ou first Monday in No-
veinber.
COUNTY COURT.
John O. Perry. Judare. Monthly ses-
, 3 lons held first Mondays—Quarterly ses-
•sions.
COMMISSIONERS R. R.
W W. Williams, T. H. Caskie, J. W.
COUNTY OFFICERS.
Ordinary, VV. T. Livingston; Sheriff, G.
G.’, Galloway Tax Collector, R. B. Odom
Tax Receiver, J, M. Odom; Treasurer, L.
G.!”owell; Surveyor, C. D. Brown; Coro-
uar B. D. Hall.
JUSTICES OF THE PEAt.E ASD AO-
TARIES PUBLIC.
> I
urday in each month.
900th District—G. T. Galloway J. P.;
each^month C ' 0U ' tS
S t ardavAn
Johnson* District—G D Lamar J P. h!
S. N. P. Courts held 3d Satur-
day in each month. *
1123 District—L.J. Mat his, J. P.;R .E
Mc6u!lua,v P. Courts held 4th Mature
njunrii, ^
55 m
L. G. Cartledge,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
3ILRGAN, GA • »
Will Circuit practice in the Ceur s of the Georgia
and other Courts of S. W.
by sjiecial contract.
J. J BECK,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
MORGAN , GEORGIA.
Pron pt attention will be given to all
business entrusted to his care, Collec-
tions made a specialty. Money loaned on
o.<iod security. feb 9 82.
GKHTffl HOUSE.
2/ifl undersigned bec/s leave to'call
the attention of the travelling public to
ihe above named house. Its fare and
accommodations will be second to none
My charges will be' reasonable,
me a call. F. P. Gbiefin,
ahg l7 ct. Proprietor.
A.W. Turner,
WHOLESALE DEALER IN
Takcco, Ciprs aid Snuff,
85 Kiulherry Steer!, 85 ,
Macon, Ga.
Send him your ord er s, and get the
best’goods for'th* 4 least money,
jul 13 83. tf.
: o:
Walchmaker and Jeweler
•o
Corner Broad and TV r asliing2on street, at
S. Mayer At Glauber.)
ALBANY, GA.
All work sent to me will be promptly
done and warranted. Satisfac¬
tion guaranteed where'others
fail. A nice selection of
JEWrEL Sj IE
always ou hand. jul. 6. ly.
PHILIP HARRIS,
In Ventulett’s Block.
Everythingjthat Give is kept'in 11 a before First-class
Jewelry store. me a ea pur-
cliasinglelsewhere. tilled No delivered trouble to show
goods. Orders and prompt-
REPAIRING {DEPARTMENT.
Ahead of all. 1 defy competition South
.or North. I claim to be the best Practi¬
cal Watchmaker alid Jeweler Sout h and in
Albany. Repairing ot tine Watches and
Jewelry where jewelers South and North
failed. Repairing of fine Watches a spec¬
ialty. In no instance have I failed. They
are now keeping accurate time. Be suie
to come to the right place; Phil. Harris,
u Ventulett’s Block,
Albany, Ga
nov 15 ^t
UEAITU PACEs’.musKJJi RCflHTV HSsSUiih. I flMPPUITV
I^V^Vh“ 9 0 weXh n ^aulrL^ ? n fl ^^^ r . 1 ^d e ^Oa:
jai’rJfo "fZ
lUel^&verr^atherf mothsT y^rrmD ^uid^orosn'ghotUd
CiuoLiuo. thoercut m iwa.
jPfQ'(\£\3CLY|\CT1'|[ ■P”PU I |0
wnr 8 B^*m”
Wrights IhoiahYecetablePilu
FOB THE
And all Bilious Complaints
Safe to take, Price being purely vegetable; All Druggists. no grip-
ins. 2b cts-
'JP’ BY _______ TIBIE«
O eTDAM^’Q I RVllM
QtATABI lEll I UllHIi | Dll lUiO | Q
■
ThebestRTmMy H AUF^i^^CENTURY D^iw-p*
for Con K h«, Gold.,
$
X® CcOwr 8t . Nrif. City.__-
LEARY, GA •• FRIDAY, FEBRUARY. 8, 1884.
FARM TOPICS.
, W. Ij. jonjes,
In our last the proper adjustment of
the several factors in farming was dis¬
cussed, and the disproportion of la¬
bor to the other factors pressed upon
the attention of the reader. It is a
matter of such importance that we re¬
vert to it again. The largest pruduc'
tion with the least expenditure is the
greatest problem. It is one that the
farmer should study day and night.—
If he hires a first-class laborer lie feels
the importance of putting a good axe
or hoe or spade in bis hands; he appre¬
ciates the necessity of providing him
with a good mule and jilough that he
may properly prepare for and work a
crop. But does lie appreciate the
equal if not greater importance of feed¬
ing the crop which that baud is to cul¬
tivate. Does not a guano note fright¬
en him a great deal more than his la
borer’s wages. Perhaps he reasons
thus; If a drought should come, the
guano will do little or no good., may
do some harm, and I will lose my mon-
ey- Very well: apply the same reason
to the labered; if drought comes and
cuts off the crop, is not the mouey
paid the laborer 1-st also? Is the case
any better? Is it not really worse? It
certainly is; for if manure is not appro 1
printed by the crop to which it is ap¬
plied. it remains in ihe soil to be used
by the next crop which follows; if ap,
plied to cottou and the cotton fails,
the succeeding crops of oats or wheat
or corn gets the benefit of it. This is
certainly true of pliosphafic and potas-
ic manures, for the soil holds these
verv tenaciously and will not suffer
them to be levelled out. Nitrogeuous
manta*' s are more liable to loss, it is
true, but farmers bay less of these
than ihe others. Is there anything
left to represent the labor expeml«d on
the cotton? Will it not require just as
much more labor to cultivate another
cotton crop »n the land? The labor,
then, in case of failure of the crops, is
a total loss; the manure used is only r.
partial loss, some loss in time as one
mu-t wait a few months to realize
from it in another crop, and possibly
a little h ss of nifrogeiions contents.
This advantage of manure over labor
constitutes then an additional reason
for substituting it for labor to the full¬
est pi•cticuble extent, and the reader
is asked to weigh it well.
Referring to the table in onr last
it will be seen that the human
labor requisite to cultivate a given acre
of land is quadruple that of the horse
labor required. Every one will con¬
cede, thereforejthat horse labor should
be substituted for human labor us
much as possible. How to do it is the
question. Ono obvious way is t*> use
a two horse plough in place of 2 one-
horse ploughs; the labor of one hand
is saved. This may be pushed still
farther by using three and four horse
ploughs in bieaking aud preparing
land. This substitution is quite gen¬
appreciated. But in bedding
l,uid * ml iu cultivating a crop, one
!lol ' se l'louglmare ..ill almost universal.
>>’ used. This is not, however, at all
necessary; riding and walking caltira-
Worked by tWO horses and 0116
lisnd, nnglit do this work just as well
and with decided saving of human
But these machines, says one,
costly. Let ns look into that point
,llit,le * Suppose one cost 5100.00,
at on that is $7,00 a year; wti-
mate the annual wraraud tear at 85.00
more, and the annual cost will be
Now compare this with labor
raved. A hand with ordinary one
horse plough will bed uy say one and a
half acres a day, or it wi 1 take him
sixty days to bed up 90 acres. One
with t"0 horse cultivator wi.l bed up
a row at one gn, and wi.l finish the 90
acres in 15 days, a saving of 45 days’
work of one band, worth 822,50, a
gain of 810,00 in bedding 90 acres of
land. Toe same plough can, moreov
er, cultivate the crop, c! a*ing a row
at on« go, or going over the crop in 15 |
day*, against 30 dey.s with a one horse I
sweep, its is customary, or a saving at
a h ploughing of the crop of the wo*k
of one hand 15 days, in tin ee plough-
j n og of 45 days, or $22.20 more,
Lm king at the matter thus, it docs
uot strike ns that the-e can be called .
Costly machines; we should rather
term them money saving implements.
^ ^ oW tjme objection i
tbttt they cannot be worked among
stumps, etc., hold good to any great
extent , because much ilie larger por¬
tion of the land now cultivated is de¬
void of these obai ructions. The chief
antecedent requisite to their use is
that the rows be laid off at uniform
widths, a matter very easily accom¬
plished with a “marker.” On very
small farms such machines could not
be used with stmo profit as ou large,
but they would pay eyeu on a two
horse farm.
The substitution of the mower and
reaper for the scythe auderadle we will
not discuss; scarcely any one fails lo
appreciate the saving of money by
these We will only call] to remem¬
brance, also. in this connection, what
we have previously said about the
great saving of labor from broadcast
harrowing of young crops, and tiie
chopping out of cotton by running
sweeps directly across the rows, mak-
iug hillside ditches with hillside or
swivel ploughs, etc., etc. Enough, we
hope, has been said to make our read-
ers think seriously about these matters
and to project the operations of the
present yen’ upon decidedly more
economical arrangements than ever.
Every dollar saved in the making of
a crop is just so much added to the
“clear profit” account. Of the other
two factrrs in farmiog, weather and
braii s: we Jisciresed the first iu our
thoughts for the last December num¬
ber. It becomes more apparent every
year that in view of the peculiarities
of our climate, greater stret-s should be
lairl upon winter crops. They require
less labor and are less affected by
drougth. Barley, iyc, oats, wheat,
liicern, clover and grass can be made
to feed the stock on u farm at less cost
than any summer crops, except the
millets, drilled corn and artichokes.
These last we would certainly add to
the winter ciops named above. Ex¬
cept to a limited degree we cannot
change climate: we must adapt our
crops, therefore, to it; also our methods
of cultivation—in other words, work
up to it. as it ieally is, instead of work¬
ing as if it were going to be just
what we wished.
Braines is the most important of all
foctors in farming, when pursued as
an intelligent calling, because its prob-
letns are so complex. Almost every
day new conditions arise an 1 new
adaptions become necessary. What is
best to be done is ever calling for the
nicest, mo-t di-c.imina iug judgment.
The farmer must observe closely,
think profoundly, act quickly—his
plans must be comprehensive and far-
reaching, taking in the end from the
beginning. But onr object just now
i.s.notto dwell so much upon the
amount of brains a farmer ought to
have, as to urge upon him the u-e of
his brains, to get him to think long,
caielully and profoundly upon the
operations he is about to initiate aud
the means and methods wherewith to
develop and complete them . He ought
to talk freely with his neighbors, at¬
tend the meetings of the county club,
read the best agricultural journals,
keep all the avenuvs to his mind wide
open, get the experience and thoughts
of the best t'armesr everywhere, and
and appropriate that which is
to Iris farm and liis work.
done, other things being equal,
lie will far outstrip his plodding neipli-
r who thinks he knows everything
about farming already, travels iu ruts,
and rejects all variations from the
beaten path as roads that lead to fail¬
ure.
As germane to a part of what was
Said above, attention is called to the
fact that'Febrnary is one of the best
months t<*. seed down clover and grass,
and those who have stiff or limestone
soils are urged to push these crops to
the front rank. L*t it be frankly
stated that the cultivated grasses,
proper, such as orchard, blue meadow,
oit, etc., will not succeed on poor or
even medium laud—it mnst be rich.
But {.hat fact, need not discourage,
beoau. e a good growth of red clover
*ill „n,b- any stiff soil rich enough
f or gr;os. Grass requires nitrogen-
oils manures, and these are expen-
yjve; clover does not requiie much of
them, but asks for mineral manures,
„ n j these are cheap, The 'Coimniic
met hod, tie.. is for one with poor
kli d to begin with clover. Break the
, iind deep, an Ibring ir in o very fine
tilth, incorporating witii it while
iug this liberal dress ings of plioSpho- j
lie acid, lime and potash; says acid j
phosphate and kainit *200 pounds each
and plaster 100 pounds per acre; then !
meal, harrow iu 200 pounds of cotton seed |
and sow 15 bushels of clover
seed will and almost brush eeitainy in very bring lightly. good This |
a
growth rapidly in clover. If it comes forward j
and will afford a cuitiog in
eaily summer, cut it and reimburse
yourself for the expense of preparation
manure, etc. After cutting h let it
aloue; , neither . . pasture . u«r mow, , but L
’ ’
, let . it bear a crop of . seed, , and then .
. break , and harrow the land thoroughly , ,
and , seed , down , . to grass. A . mixed . .
growth ... ot , rlo.or , W.l ,, fo _ . -
ow—‘he clover pmhom.n. « hr...
hot I lie gross will Anally teko foil pos-
of TT*.r'" suital.lemanure ”t will lust : , ." 1 a lifo nine.
Should the spring lie dry and the
clover fail to make a growth lire fire.
year, let it alone, and mow the next
spring , and , sow . in grass the .. second .
fall instead of the first. For stiff up- *
laud, , , orchard , grass is greatly prefera-
c„ down hervily, two or tlr.ee Irn.lrel,
j;r, a r:
lands red top (or herds) and white
clove. On rich lands a,ready seeded
pi oats 0 r wheat, clover may be s,wn
without additional preparation other
than a light harrowing before scatter-
ing the seed. In lands already set m
grass a top dressing should be apph d
every winter; this may consist of cot-
ton seed meal, well rotted stable mu-
nine or ammoniated phosphates. Let
it be remembered that w hen grass
is grazed or mown, a crop is thereby
taken from the land, and the land will
be just as surely exhausted by it as t
would be by a crop of anything else
grown upon it, If it is necessary to
manure successive crops of Cotton or
corn, it is equally lrecessary to manure
successive crops of grass. In other
w ords, it requires proper attention |hst
as mucli as any othercrop. Innumer¬
able failures have occurred, bee i use it
was. thought that sow,eg ihe sent was
l( ji tUut wa , necessary; after that the
f , ras8 W as expected to take care of it-
Self.
Comnosts for cotton and corn should
uow lie put up as soon ns pos.->ih e.
Judging from many inquires sent
it is inferred that the value of the di-
gestiou or cooking which or cuies in h
compost heap is not fully appreciated.
Some seem to think that, if the several
ingredients are simply mixed together
at the time they are put in the soil
that will answer every purpose. This
i« a mistake. Take cottou seed for in-
rtuHce. A plant could get nothing
from them tin il they are dead, and the
rotting which follows deatn lias broken
up tLe vegetable cells and changed its
nitrogenous compounds into ammonia
or nitric acid, its hydrocarbons into
carbonic roid, and no prisoned its
phosphoric acid, potash and othe-
mineral content-'. These valuable sub
stances arefouud almost exclusively iu
the kernel, and this is euclo.sed in the
hull, which is a very hard woody sub¬
stance that) t rotS very slowly. We
have had occasion recently to observe
that cotton seed hulls scattered upon
the soil, even after a lap.-e ofjtwelve
mouths, had produced no appreciable
influence upon the weeds aud grass
growing upon it. Aud what is true of
cottou seed is also true of the undiges¬
ted portions of the food which consti¬
tutes a large part of the animal excre¬
ment, aud almost the whole of the
litter mixed’with it Now, when cot¬
ton seed and maume are put in a com¬
post heap, heat is developed and heat
makes tiie rotting proceed quite rapid¬
ly; materials which, if scattered in
thin 1 lyers or in small bulk, or which
if buried in small quaurities iu the cold
Soil, wou’d take months to rot: would,
iu a pioperly arranged compost heap,
rot quite as much in a few weeks. The
chemicals which are mixed v/itli them
facilitate also the Sneaking np oi the
vegetable fib. < s and cells and hasten
the various chemical reactions which
eventuate iu supplying plant food in
fn the best possible shape or condition
for a crop. But even iu a compost
li-ap which lias been pur up two or
thre-e tnout s the change> alluded to
are not fully completed; em-ugh pkt t
No. 27
food lias been prepared, however, to
supply a crop in the early stagtta and
the process Continued more slowly iu
the soilsnpplie s the later demand. If
perfectly greep unrotted manure is
put in the drill at planting time, arnf
the spring is cold, the rotting may go
on too slowly to furnish food as •need*'
e l and the crop suffers is consequence >
—Soulln ru Cultivated*’,
What a Tariff for Revenue Mean3-
The . term ... “free ~ trade’' , ,/-* r miaoo- w^.-aT
is a
merastused , , in . political .... , discussions in
the United IT , ,,, btstes. . XT N.» such . .. thing , 8 is
pos-ihleiu this country. , No „ such
thing is contemplated. m Turf . dutible
, „ g**, , h ,
flM „, 85u .00(, .
m The average rate or i«ty
P ™.
, luc , „„ j 210 ^ Tli , ,„ t|
f M ^ . - . , .
current 0 , cll £3; .
r, 000,000. nn This is . probably , . , an ttnd
.. , r. . .
flse.il - , ytar ended , . June T oo^iflon 29, 1893 were
m 61g Tho wcretflry of t -
^rr* ,h “ r^Lr i
*• •<*»•«•
*iat after meet,ng he reqair-
tllWlre wer0 takeD ff0m thf)
dl|tifs 0H imp0rtH it WOull , 8ti(1 leavw
thc neceBf; , u ot
cent . TUe gecre *
tftry fttrniskea p , timaWt Ull . , he flsCttl
yeHl . 1884 i(J wllR!h 8ubitatltla ii v tbe
falM (!Ondit i 00 of receipts and ;
paildllu| . 08 j, re , 5llted . If , t | lere fore,
taiiff wero reduced so as to p rc -‘
Veutll „ „, rplM revollU0 prot ection to
thfteite|lt of 30 p#r wou | d hav< *.
| tocontinue . Thia j8 a V(l8t distHll( ,
^ ^ But r , dllcllou uf
j r|)Tenug |, y uutt i ug dowu tlie rec.ipts'
on importfl oonld be carri)|J much
beyond this and yet, by discrimina¬
i tion and property extern 1 iug fchs
! list, alh v all the industries which,,
j need government fostering protection
! much above 30 per cent. Wh la the
i government needs 8283,000.090
| annu-
a])y t() meet ludinHry exjteudifenres
and to provide f r the sinking fund,
nud rH,'8' » onlj/ 8120.000,000 or $131),-
()0() from intfftJal revcllUaH , h1I
appre i ienB i on8 aboil t f rt >e trade are
utter , y i, a3t!eS3 . A tariff for revenue
0(jly , g therefore a conservative ratiie.i
than a disturbing platform.
Advertising is Science.
But few people living in the Cdun
try have even the fiUutest idea Of thd*
extent of outlay for advertising jin the
cilits. The Chicago Tribune re¬
ceives for a column of advertising
820,000 a year. The New York Her-'
a'd for its lowest $38,723 and for its
highest. 8348,500. The New York
Tribune for the lowed, 829.754 and
for its highest, $86,GA8, and these
papers, it is stated, are never at a loss
for advertising. A very large propor¬
tion of couutry merchants, manufac-
factnrers, etc., d» not really believe
in advertising. They will admst it as
a theory hut not squarely as a prac¬
tice. Now they must not think that
the people who pay these great papers
sueh enormons sums are a clever, mis¬
guided set of fools to thus make these
newspaper establishments so rich, and
all for nothing. But would it not be
fairer to suppose that the advertisers
kn.iW Wbut they are about—that the
foolish ones are those who nr gleet to
employ so valuable an assistant in
their business® as the newspaper, and
who blind themselves with the blind
s n iment: ' It don’ip >y.” Iu propo*
tion to its circulation every newspape**,
every country weekly, pays the adver.
ti er, who patronizes its columns, just
as good returns as the great city daily*
Human nature is not different in the
country than in the cit»; the only dif-
fe.euce is that in the city the people
thoroughly appreciate tunl beiieve iu
the newspaper as a profitaoL aid to
the transaction and promotion of busi¬
ness.—Jefferson County Union. ;
Dr De -ms if i/s: Hissing is j
]y American habit..” LeFuai
this, dear brethren, end ever
patronize home indnst y,