Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

LUMPKIN &. JORDAN, Editors and Proprietors VOLUME 11. I apt. Edgell, of the Seventeenth Lancer*, when shot at Ulundi, fell hack into the arms of a comrade, a Dublin man, exclaiming at his last words, “See that the men sjiare the wounded. Spare the wounded. ’ One of his soldiers rode in the charge with a wooden pipe in his mouth, and when shot down asked with his latest breath, “Give the pipe to broth er.” Law, physics and divinity are well supplied with feminine members in the United States. The lady doctors num ber 530, \ dentists 420, while sixty-eight are preachers and twenty practice as lawyers. Some ladies adopt two or three callings at once. A lady living in St. Louis notifies on her door-plate that she is an “ elocutionist, poetess, washer anifironer.” The San Francisco Chronicle says tha the Paris Baron Hirsh, who is worth $20,000,000 and recently won SIOO,OOO in a lottery ticket, is almost rich enough to live in San Francisco. The existence of rich men in that city has rendered neces sary a course of scientific instruction for burglars. A professor of the art, a recent graduate of the State Prison, has begun a series of lectures on the subject, for which fifty cents a head is charged. The first night the lesson consisted of a trea tise, with a practical illustration, upon the operation of breaking open a safe. The outer door was opened in forty-five minutes, and would have been accom plished in even less time had not tbe pro fessor boon so unlucky as to break off bis drill. A goodly number of well-known, thieves and burglars were present in the public hall where the exhibition took place, and for fifty cents obtained infor mation which they could have got other wise only by monthsor years of study. At liie end of the lesson a detective appeared and cleared the ball of the most notorious of them. The ruddy planet Mars, now nearly at its brightest, is under close telescopic scrutiny. The two moons which for so many vewrs escaped telescopic detection have to be newly timed and rated. The astronomers at Washington hoped to re discover these minute bodies about the middle of October. But Mr. Common, of London, caught sight of them as early as September 21, when Mars was far from being at its brightest. He used a tele scope of tire reflecting sort, having a mirror three feet in diameter, and re garded by some (despite its inferiority to the Ross telescope hi size) as the most powerful telescope in existence. The in ner satellite lias since been rediscovered. Pliobos (for so the little moon is called) was about three-quarters of an hour ahead of its computed time, judged by the rating of 1877. Of course, astrono mers infer, as it is easier to suppose, that that the Washington astronomers calcu lated a period of revolution a few seconds too long, not that the little moon has really been accelerated in its motions. The annual report of the Chief of the Bureau of Statistics contains some interesting matter. The value of the •exports of domestic merchandise during the last fiscal year was greater than du ring any previous year in the history of the country. From ]S<>:3 in 1873 the I value of imports exceeded that of exports in an average of about $100,000,000 per annum. During the last four years, the excess of the value of exports over im ports has amounted to $753,000,000. The exports of merchandise during the last ten years have increased from $275- 000,000 in 1800 to $098,000,000 in 1879. The value of the exports of bread and breadstuffs during each of the last two years lias exceeded the value of the ex ports of any other commodity. During all the proceeding years in the commer cial history of the country since 1821 (except during the war between the States), the value of the exports of raw cotton exceeded that of any other com modity. From 1821 to 1860, cotton fur nished 50 per cent, of the total value of exports of merchandise, but, during the last two fiscal years, it has only amount ed to about 25 per cent. It must be re membered, however, that, while the for eign demand for cotton is regular and constant, a staple, in fact, like the crop itself, the demand for breadstuffs and provisions is exceedingly fluctuating and irregular, de|>endent upon contingenees upon which no man can safely build. ► A YOUNG man who had lost a bet of the oysters with three of his friends, said he wouldn’t pay it unless he was four stew, lie has since made a bet with nine of his friends, and says he in ten stew this time, if he loses. Later: He declares two of the bets off, and when he comes to lose and pay, it will appear that he eight ste'.y. s!;ule (f oiintj) {gazette. RISING FAWN, DADE COUNTY, GEORGIA, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1879. SOUTHERN NEB'S ITEMS. There arc 160,000 Baptists in North Carolina. Marriage license costsbut fifty cents in Memphis. The street railroad of Vicksburg is paying handsomely. The Hood fund in Atlanta now amounts to $2,652.02. Tramps are flocking into Florida for their winter quarters. Texas would make thirty-five states the size of Massachusetts. Anew town in Lauderdale county, Tenn., is named Pilljerk. A South Carolina man cut 22,000 shi ngles from one cypress tree. The cause of education is booming in many coudtics in Alabama. Chestnuts sell at twenty-five cents per bushel in southern Virginia. The sewerage question is the leading topic of interest in Memphis. The third crop of figs for 1879 is nearly ripe in Oglethorpe county, Ga. There were 113 deaths in New Orleans during the week ending Sunday. The wool clip of Texas this year is estimated at 22,000,000 pounds. The colored . Baptists are erecting a at Dallas, Texas. There were sixty-one vessels in the port of Savannah, Ga., Saturday. Alex. H. Stephens is a consistent mem ber of the Presbyterian church. Arkansas has a state society for the prevention of cruelty to animals. Over fifty new firms have commenced business in Atlanta, Ga., this year. A Texas boy sixteen years old is being searched for on the charge of rape. The Alabama Great Southern railroad will soon receive 100 new coal ears. A cotton gin with 175 bales of cotton burned near Dallas, Texas, Saturday. A Memphis gun store was robbed of SI,OOO worth of pistols Sunday night. Panthers are said to abound j r et in tlie mountains of western North Carolina. Some of the Arkansas papers advocate spelling the name of the State Arkan saw. The tendency of tlio j>cople of Georgia to emigrate to Texas is not so great as it was. A penalty of four per cent, lias been added to the delinquent tax list of Mem phis. The burden of the North Carolina papers is of heavy crops and new rail roads. The people of San Antonio, Texas, have subscribed $2,000 for an emigrants’ home. The enrollment in tbe public schools of Chattanooga, Tenn., last month, was 1,614. Colonel Robert M. Nimin, well known throughout Virginia, died at Newark Friday. A woolen-mill at New Braunfels, Texas, yielded a net profit of SBI,OOO last year. The Collierville Tribune is the latest addition to the democratic press of Ten nessee. The Grand Lodge of Tennessee, F. and A. M., met in annual session in Nashville, Monday. The expenses of the city government of Galveston, Tex., for October, amount ed to $9,446.08. There was an increase of forty in tlie number of post offices in North Carolina during October. Taxes have been paid more promptly this year in South Carolina than for many years before. V colored man in Tennessee goes to the State penitentiary for three years for stealing fifty cents. John Arnold, of Mineral county, W. Va., raised this year ten barrels of corn from one ear’s planting. The Council of Wheeling, W. Va., re uses to encourage the introduction of the telephone in that city. The Groesbeck New Era says that one fourth of the cotton gins in Texas arc 1 destroyed by fire every year. A widow seventy years of age, residing near Austin, Texas, takes care of a stock ranclxe and 300 head of cattle. Four calves were found near Talbot ton, Ga., with their throats cut. It is thought the deed was done by wildcats. Texas papers arc complaining of an in vasion of tramps from the north since the beginning of cold weather up there. During the first sevsn days of this month, 32,801 letters and packages were handled in the Columbus ( Ga.) postof fice. The registration of the voters of Charleston, S. C., closed Tuesday, the number being 10,777, against 9,586 in 1877. The Robesonian says there is a well in Robeson county. North Carolina, over 100 years old. which has never failed till this fall. The circuit court of Rockbridge coun ty, Virginia, granted a decree last week for the sale of the Rockbridge alum springs. A lot of NO Short-horn cattle, averag ing 1,570 pounds, were shipped for Eu roj)c last week by Francis Bell, of Au gusta county, Ya. Two men engaged in digging a well near Sherman, Texas, two or three days since, were overcome hv damp and died I from the effects. A contract has ltocii completed for the : erection of water works at Knoxville. “ Faithful to the Might, Fearless Agaist the Wrong.” Tenn., and the Dispatch thinks that gas works will follow. The Board of Health of Augusta, Ga., has advised tbe City Council to abandon pumps and Wells in the city as nuisances and injurious to health. The jailor of Yancey county, N. C., has been arrested for complicity in the recent escape of the two murderers, the Boones, from the Burnsville jail. The Rome (Ga.) Tribune says that it is impossible to get cars enough to liaul iron from Georgia and Alabama to till northern and eastern orders. Knoxville (Tenn.) Dispatch: There is hardly an idle mechanic in the city, or an idle laborer of any sort. All seem to be employed and at fair wages. The Observer says that every railroad running from Charlotte, N. C., has done a larger business this season than at any other time within their history. It will cost at least $150,000 to furnish the maimed Confederate soldiers of Geor gia with artificial limbs, as contemplated by an act of the last legislature. Last Friday the Eagle and Phoenix cotton mills at Columbus Ga., sold $45,- 000 worth of their products—Rescue plaids and ball sewing thread. James Rice, confined in jail at Ash land, Ala., for giving his step-daughter medicine to produce abortion, hung him self in his cell Friday morning. Orangefield, (S. C.) Democrat: A larger number of trains are employed now on the South Carolina railroad than at any previous time to move the freight. The Cincinnati Times says that dur ing the past six months five colonies have gone from Cincinnati to settle on lands in Tennessee and Alabama. Rev. W. G. Veal, of tbe Methodist Episcopal Church South, ot Texas, lias been deposed from the ministry on ac count of charges of gross immorality. The Lancaster, (S. C.,) Ledger says that a number of persons who emigrated to Texas last year are coming back to their old homes in Lancaster county. Texas exports $50,000,000 worth of exports annually, and the Groesbcek New Era says that if it were not for the imports the state would soon wax rich. Upon the resignation, last week, of A. Shaw, superintendent of the Richmond and Petersburg railroad, he was presented by the employes with an elegant gold watt h. A fire started in a cotton gin in Wins boro, S. C., tlie other day. and ’..ielore.it could be CheuWl cottage ftnd a colored Methodist church was de stroyed. Thursday afternoon a negro woman and her child were burned together in a house in Union county, S. C. The fire was caused from a wood chimney catch ing fire. A colored woman, about fifty years old and in feeble health, while alone in her residence in Richmond, Ya., last Satur day evening, caught fire and was burned to death. A meeting of farmers will be held at Hendersonville, N. C., this week to con sider the advisability of planting a large crop of tobacco in Henderson county next year. Carrollton, Ga., charges a license of $2,500 for the privilege of selling liquor in that town by the quart or less, and $2,000 for selling it in amounts more than a quart. The Gulf City Steamship company, of Mobile, Ala., lias advices from Glas gow, Scotland, that the fast steamship built for the company has just been launched and will soon reach Mobile. There are 754 patients in the Georgia State Lunatic Asylum. The current expenses of the institution amounted to $89,629,19, an average of expense per capita per diem of 32 9-10 cents. In Washington county, Mississippi, a colored man was elected circuit clerk over two white competitors. He was voted for by a good many white people on the score of superior fitness and relia bility. A. J. Killian, a quiet and highly-re spected citizen of Ellijay. Ga.. commit ted suicide the other day. He tied a rope around his neck, fixed it to the limb of a tree and then shot himself through the brain. The Raleigh (N. C.) Observer is of the opinion that the reports of the As sessors for the present year will show an increase of the valuation of property in that state over last year’s figures of sl,- 000.000. The city of Richmond, Ya., is asked to contribute $750,000 for a railroad up the James river, such road to be con structed under the auspices of the James River and Kanawha Canal Company. Nashville American: Lightning en tered the capitol Monday via the tele phone wires, and produced loud reports in the rotunda, in the comptroller’s of fice and in that of the clerk of the su preme court. The owners of established factories in Georgia complain of the legislative ex emption of new factories from taxation for ten years, and it is said that the valid ity <4 the exemption is to be tested in the courts. Lynchburg Virginian: One of the most remarkable results of the late elec tion in Virginia was that in which an old politician who had lieen frequently elected to the legislature, wa- defeated by his former slave. Charleston (S. C.) News: In the past three days three large steamships have passed out from this port for European port- with about 12.900 bales of cotton, and on a submersion of sixteen and a half to over eighteen feet. The law passed at the la-t session of I the Alabama legislature, prohibiting the buying of com in seed, has been deci ded uncoustitional by tlie circuit court in Lowndes uutv. Au appeal will lie taken to the preme court. The Journ savs immense beds of salt have been fold in the Elm fork of the Big 'Wichit tieventv-five miles west of Henrietta, Teas, 'two wagons loaded with 5,000 mnds of the salt sold in Henrietta 1 week at one and a half cents a pour. The Geoiii Legislature, at its last ses sion, enacteea law prohibiting the sale of immoral r obscene literature, and now it is rowed that the next grand jury will imfet all vendors of Police Ga zettes and oter similar illustrated papers under the la; Washingta (Ga.) Gazette : We were shown a S2O old piece a few days ago that was mae from Lincoln county gold. Some partiesinterested in the Sale mine sent some g<d on to the Philadelphia mint and rt uested that it lie made into money and ait back. Austin (Tk.) Review : The next Leg islature wil l probably supplement our penal code on a provision making it a misdemeanor it least, if not a felony, for a railway conoany to give, or for any one not a pid?mploye of a railroad, or a pauper, th acept, a free pass. Captain Crok, of Calhoun, Alabama, has imported sine premium Jersey cat tle from Euglsnd for his farm. His ex ample in this .latter has aroused a great desire on the iart of farmers to introduce blooded sto altogether to take the places of the onimon kind now raised, i During the recent session of Pasquo tank court, ii South Carolina, a negro swore a lie a 12 m. The Tarboro South erner says tie solicitor was instructed to draw a bill hr perjury ; the grand jury found it trio; trial and conviction at once ensued, am by 5 v. M. the perjurer was sentenced to the penitentiary for five years. Dublin (Ora.) Gazette : We learn that there is not a sufficient quantity of labor in the eounjy to house the cotton crop of the present year, and, furthermore, that some farmers in various parts of the county base resorted to very unfair means, and are actually going to the fields and hiring the laborers from their employers. Educational progress is apparent in many counties in South Carolina. In Fairfield county many districts have peti tioned the right of local taxation, and ‘A .onion that in** Pe titions wiK be a -cveral graded schools have already been cstablis’/l. ,H State and county courts iixyiclosed in Sau Antonio, Texas, lastweflr, in hon or of the circus. Families came from a distance and camped near the city for three days before the “big show,” and, when it came, theFe had to be three ex hibitions in one day to satisfy the anx ious sight-seers. The Mississippi Valfcv Cotton Plant ers’ Association hold meeting at Vicksburg this week. he president, in his opening address, said that if the planters of the sofcth would only raise the feed consumed by their teams, it would add to every year $32,000,000, which they now expend for this item. Dallas (Tex.) Herald: Two or three years ago an enterprising lightning-rod man, with prophecy in his soul and faith iu his heart, visited the Valley View neighborhood, in Cook, county, and red ded every house at good figures, taking notes therefor, payable when the railroad reached Gainsviile. It has reached Gainsville, and that agent wants his money. Little Rock (Ark.) Gazette: A com pany composed of ex-Senators Dorsey and McDonald and others have recently purchased silver mines in Colorado for the sum of $750,000, and the purchase money paid in cash. It is reported that both of our ex-senators have recently made enormous sums by lucky invest ments in mining stocks. Murfreesboro (Tenn.) Free Press : Mr. J. M. Yearwood showed us on ’Tuesday a red careless weed which grew on his farm in this county, it being twelve feet high, ten and three-quarter inches around at the ground end, and had limbs upon it that measured* seven feet in length. Mr. Yearwood stated that it had seed enough upon it to sow a ten-acre field. Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times: A farm er of McMinn county "’as arrested Sat urday by a F T . S. revenue officer for sell ing seventy-five cents worth of tobacco of liisown production. He was found guilty and thrown into prison, where he must remain until the Federal court con venes in Knoxville about a year hence. He " ill then be fined perhaps SIOO. Considerable interest is being mani fested in the South in regard to the man ufacture of sugar from the sorghum plant, which, with the new varieties of plants, promise to lie both practicable and profitable. The interest has attained such proportions as to warrant the or ganization of the Mississippi Valley Cane Growers association, which will hold its first annual meeting at .St. Louis, Mo., commencing on the 3d of Decem ber and continuing several days. Shelby (N. C.) Aurora: The first case of corporal punishment in this state since 1866 occurred in this place last Saturday. When General Holland, a boy, was convicted of an assault up on tho person of Julia MeSwain, .ludge Buxton informed his father that lie would not pronounce sentence if lie would thrash the boy in the presence of the .Sheriff. The boy’s father took him into the Sheriff’s office and executed the , sentence of the court. Clarksville (Tenn.) Tobacco I-eaf: For some time there has been doubt as to whether the < >wen-l>oi'o and Nashville railroad would run by way of Spring- field, Tenn., that place not being in the air-line by several miles, but the ques tion has now lieen settled on very favor ably terms to Springfield. The demand made upon that place for the diversion was $25,000. The committee appointed to raise the sum failed, and tendered the company as a bonus four acres of ground and a fine brick depot building, which Colonel Cole accepted, and now the Springfield people can rejoice. Richmond (Va.) State: It is sad to think that the burning of the Academic hall at Hampton was the work of an in cendiary black man. This institution is supported by the government, the State and the people for the especial benefit of that race, and it was a matricidal hand that applied the torch. An appeal has been made to the country for money to rebuild the hall and cover the loss, by Gen. Armstrong, and we hope it will not be in vain. This is among our most use ful institutions, and in the sueceas of its various experiments in race culture and discipline all have a deep interest. Charleston (S. C.) News: Tlie follow ing is about the present condition of the crop in this State : Weather for picking in October and November very favorable; some damage from the drouth, which lessened the ‘abundance 0 f the fruit; amount picked in the upper section of the State, seventyfive per cent., and in the lower and middle sect ons eighty to ninety per cent.; injury from rust, lim ited; tlie total out-turn for the State, while showing some irregularity, is ex peetd to about equal last year’s growth. Dallas (Tex.) Herald: Dallas has in deed a cosmopolitan population. The patient on the first bed as you enter the city hospital is a negfo, the next a Swedej. the third bed is occupied by an English man, followed by one in which a son of the Emerald Isles swears away the hours as he discusses what he claims is the ty rannical rule of the English government. The fifth bed is occupied by an Ameri can, who seconds the Irishman’s argu ments, declaring that a republican form of government is the best under the sun. A Hebrew occupies the sixtlbed, and listens .to the others quarrel. Nextis"a Polander, and last a Russian. A few days ago a Mexican was discharged from this institution. Punishing Violation of Marriage Vows. The Indians are very severe in their punishment of marital infidelity. Even Territory, the Choctaws, Creeks, Chicka saws, Cherokeesandtieiniu/iles, who have flourishing churches and schools, adul tery is a crime punishable according to their ancient law's. A citizen of Ala bama has just been circulating among these tribes, and says: The Creeks have no marital laws, but the Baptist Association adopted a memorial on the subject, urging the next council to pass a proper marriage law. Their custom allowed several wives, hut the churches Have so altered public opinion that it is rare to find a man with two wives. “ How do you punish a violation of marriage vow?” I asked an Indian law'yer. “ You see that man there?” “ Yes.” “ Well, his wife was taken by another man, and one night he went with some other men, arrested the betrayer, beat him senseless, and then cut his ear* ofl with a dull knife.” “ How did they treat the woman?” “ The same way. Sometimes they let her off easier than the man.” “ What became of the man and wo man?” “ They are living together as man and wife, and tlie injured husband got him another wife.” “ Was that your custom?” “ Yes; the chief made that law, and everybody followed it.” Sometimes they cut the woman), mose ofl by way of variety. ** If the criminal could hide out till after “ Busk,” the annual festival, he went free. Some of the tribes had cities of refuge, like the Israelites. The severity of the Indian custom of punishment prevents many violations of the marriage vows. The Creeks have drafted a memorial to the Legislature for the enactment of the Christian plan. If this is done the Indian lawyers will be §in to reap a rich harvest in the courts aving jurisdiction of divorce. Signs Attending Feigned Grief. The expression of grief has recently been a subject of investigation by an Italian physiologist, M. l’anlo Mente gazza, who has studied with great care all the contractions which suffering pro duces in the human face, and endeavored to arrive at an exact distinction of the Ehenomena of real from those of simu ited sorrow. All the forms of dolorous hypocrisy he exposes mercilessly. The following, according to M. Mentegazza, are signs of grief: 1. The expression is nearly always exaggerated relatively to the cause of the grief; 2. The visage is not pale, and the muscular disturbance is intermittent; 3. The skin has its nor mal heat; 4. There is not harmony in the mimicry of grief, and one sees cer tain contractions, certain relaxations, which are wholly wanting in real grief; 5. The pulse is frequent in consequence of the exaggerated jniscular movement; 6. A surprise, or imv object which viv idly attracts the attention, suffices to make the tragic mask suddenly fall off; 7. Sometimes one succeeds in discover ing among the tears, the sobs, and heart rending lamentations, the presence of a chuckle which expresses, perhaps, the malignant pleasure of practising a de ception; 8. The expression is eccentric, or is wholly wanting in concentric forms. TERMS si.oo ptrAssum, in A4ve. NUMBER 5. WAIFS AND WHIMS. Cashmere slippers are worn with fou lard wrappers. 'lhey are trimmed with large foulard bows. Only those, according the Elmira Arl vertiaer, with warts or blemishes on their forehead, wear banged hair. Golden-legged green beetles, that look like painted cockroaches, are seen on some of the new bonnet3. Black surah petticoats, bordered with kilt Waitings, are to be worn this winter, it is said. Very long and absolutely plain silk waists of plain or brocade silk are made for young ladies to wear in the evening. A Davenport lady is about to sue for a divorce on the ground that her hus band “has no style about him.” A member of a London ladies’ club was requested to resign for kissiug her brother iu the dining-room. Hoops are coming into fashion again. Hoops are things to put around women to keep them from bursting with vanity. “John! John!” shouted the farmer’s wife, “ the butter won’t come. Run, quick, and get me another sack of hair.” It’s not at all surprising that Adam fell. He had Eve constantly about him talking about a nude dress, anu she had oue every day. In a discussion with a temperance lecturer, a toper asked: If water rots your boots, what effect must it have upon tbe coat of your stomach? “Yes, Mr. Barkeeper; I am not like the rest who, when they owe you money, never show themselves any more; I re main faithful to you. Giv’s ’nothe: bottle! ’ Professor— “ Now, I ask you, as a practical miner, what spade do you think is the very best?” Third-year man (scornfully)—“Why, the ace, of course. (Sensation.) An exchange has an article on “ How to run a newspaper.” This should he read only by editors, as every other per son in the world knows just how a news paper ought to he run. • Knowledge is the right bower, and one of the showiest cards in the pack, vet iu the game of life, cheek is the iittle joker that is oftentimes the winner. “Money docs everything for a man,” said one old gentleman, pompously. “Yes,” replied the other one, “but money won’t do as much for a man as some men will do for money.” Mb, Txiomas Giinka it, is one of the most touching things in life to hear a Western hog singing to its youngest, “ There’s a litter in the mire, baby mine, baby mine.” That was an observing fellow, if he was but six years old, who said, “Papa, I wish you’d quarantine against Tom Jones cornin’ here every night to see Jennie. It’s got to be too epidemic.” The Boston Pod has invented anew gun for the use of the didn’t-kuow-it was-loaded people. The Pod explains that “it lets the charge out at the breech.” Russian ladies have just begun to take part in boat races, in Sara toff the first prize, a golden bracelet, and the sec ond, a golden breastpin, were adjudged to the two young ladies who handled the rudder. A Chinese maxim says: “We require four things from woman—that virtue dwells in her heart, that modesty plays on her brow, that sweetness flows from her lips, that industry occupies her hand.” The girls ought to be comparatively happy. They are wearing boy’s hats, boy's ties, boy’s cravats, and it is hinted that they contemplate a raid upon an other important part of the male’s ap parel-according to Dr. Marv Walker. A writer in the August Gentleman’s Magazine says that it is true of nations as of individuals that a sneer is almost as unpleasant, to bear as a blow, and that he is not sure that Dickens’ “Amer ican Notes ” did not do more to estrange for a time the two countries than the Alabama difficulty. At a social gathering in Ireland the conversation turned, by some accident, upon marriage. One of the girls, ad dressing u handsome young man, quite unconsciously, as she explained, said: “If I were you and you were me I would have married long ago.” \ Yorkshire trainer recently re vealed his method of meeting a conjugal storm. His plan, lie said, was to keep silence and nod his acquiescence to every thing, no matter what was said by his spouse. “Yes,” remarked one of Ins friends, “but then she lias it all her own way.” “Just so,” replied the Tyke, with satisfaction; “and nothing annoys her so much. There is nothing women hate like a walk-over.” The Postal Service In Europe. On the 31st of December, 1877, there were 58,546 post offices in Europe, with 223.517 persons employed, or one postal establishment for every 6,134 inhabi tants. These post offices are most thickly planted in Switzerland, in Great Britain and Ireland. A striking con trast to these two countries is afforded by Russia and Turkey; there being in the former only one post office to every 5,768, #nd in the latter, one to every 1,105 square miles. Altogether, 5,682,- 000,000 letters, papers, etc., were sent by post in Europe in 1877, 3,597,000,000 being letters or post-cards, 1,522,000,000 newspapers, and 563,000,000 patterns and the like; and the greatest number of letters, papers, etc., were sent, in Great Britain and Ireland, the total number dispatched being 1,483,075,000, or at the rate of 34.7 letters and 9.4 newspapers for every inhabitant.