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TWO HOME-MADE WRINKLES IN POULTRY APPLIANCES SAVE MANY A DOLLAR Small Poultrvmcn Can Make Appliances and Repairs That Help in Year’s Profits. Sinqle Comb Brown Leghorn One of America’s Earliest Breeds. By Michael Boyer Poultry Editor of The Kerin Journal. Copyright 1914 by The Eugene MrUurkln Co, If your capital la limited you want to be economical about fitting up and keeping your poultry plant in repair. There are dozen* of home made de yicea you can uae that aave not only time and money, but are beat adapt ed to your Individual needs. For instance, a spool Is as good as a pulley for many purposes. Some times you can't find your staples—a bent nail is lust as good. Or you want to stretch wire fence where there are few iost». A heavy wire run through the fence mesh will hold It up with few posts. These are things worth knowing, and yet they might not occur to the lets experienced poultryman unless pointed out to him. Mi Boyer has been through the mill, and In his article this week points cut m-ny wrinkles any one can grasp and adopt. The Single Comb Brown Leghorns Shown herewith are members of that famous breed, one of the earliest im ported to Amer ca. Tli • smalt poultr man generally I* a iiiati ii iin ll <->t capita! He cannot affor I inucli expenditure of money, and conaeguci tl> endeavors t matin factum with Ills own hands shut Is neeilcu While these "fixtures" may he crude at the same time they servo tli - |iuriMi.«>> I’rnbahl n pullci Is needed t.i car n rope that I- fastened to a wln d.iv nnd which Is Intended to raise sn I c -<• a window, nr open and shut the 111 1 1 door that In used us an ex it n' in* tov.li Hot there Is no pul lei to ' • II 1 i*l• *U l lie Ho •>. and s i-pool la ipoul Instead ll is done In i i: An ordinary woodon ap tv. li. comes wit I hreiid on 111 l< Ihnli neil to a heain. rafter nr some other ohiei t hi u.Jug a wire nail Tins nail h run through the oi piling oi tin- spool mill driven into a soil 1 ol Joel st'.l i When the ro|i or r rd Is drawn over the npo.il the latter revoivea and tip- same of lert i had ns with an Iron pulley. It is nei wiry to put up some wire n#t(lb * fencing. .mil lit the eleventh hour It ia discovered that the wire staple* haie been mislaid or all used up Som-thlnß must he done It will be found that small lath nails driven In the iHiNI. anil then lient over will sene the purpose .if staiileH. and some enp i* prefer this substitute t • the staple Tli' ip l« « long stretch of wlre-net tinK fcnrlnjt l<> •'»* put up, and pints air m .in i The purpose v.lll he serv e.t ly 111 ii nu i k Heavy wirn til roily.i tin- iii :>li ii ml tacking If onto tin- t"P ot tlu< | oily. Tina will hod up lie air. nnd the posts rin ho from six teen to tlilrt' two foot »|mri whloh will bo a (Toil saving. How to rtx a Cata. Htroig winds i»lny havoc with the (taioa in tlio varils, mil overs now and then tlloywi limn poll, one In tile foil t in fV cimtiiiu.il shaking loo>- ens up the tuitions There will be no danger If wire Is in»eil in place us the bottom This wire should tie run thimoth the fnitiie of the giilo 111 email gimlet hole being <u i mud. thronrh which the wire is pu »i'i and then lieiit over, on each aide ot the Rate, so na to form the letter "H. 1 The ladtom of the latter “l!" repre sents the part that rook through the frame of the gate, and the aides of the letter are th.* parts thHt eome down on each aide of the |Kiat. This holds the gate firm Little, clileha get Into the feed troughs and scratch out and waste considerate'* of their I >ed This can be avoided by basing feed troughs clorc.l Ml Ily chicks caun.it get on the Inside. Then on each ‘aide ot this trough, inch hole are laired and the holes a distance of an Inch apart When the chick wants to feed It runs Its head through one of these holes and helps Itself in feeding w hose cabbages t i the fowls so much Is lost when the cab bage la thrown on the floor. This can he overcome by taking some two Inch wire netting and forming a rog ttlar pocket This pocket cun tie huh pended Hum Hie cei tug by a rope, an t hung about two feet from the floor so the hens must jump up at tt The inesh being two Inches, (he hens can readily Rid at the cabbage, and none la wasted Stop Rooatera from Fighting. Cocks birds get to fighting through the fence A ' tgoroua male on one aide of the fen' e and an equally apuuky ore on the other aide, are almost sure to have a terrible battle Coming with great force against the wire they not only cut their combs, but very often so injure themselves that their days of usefulness are fended There 1s a way of stopping It Hate a double fence On the one aide erect a three foot-high fence, about mv (tit lies fmiii the iiuilli one Alter several unsuccessful at tempts to reach each other, these "lordly knlgiita" will give up the chHl inge, and there will be no further trouble 11 is worth more than the rost of the additional wire netting to do this. The setting hen In the regular lav ing house Is not onlv a nuisance, but a breeder of lice The way to over come this snxlety. and at the same time give the hen a more natural nest, and keep down the army of lice, Is to have a p.ace outdoors for broody hens. Take a barrel and lay it on Its side. To keep It from rolling dig out some dirt so the lisrrel wtil lav In a shallow ditch The excavat ed dirt can then be placed In the bar rel. and a nest hollowed out with the hand In the hollowed-out nest place tobacco sterna Instead of straw Over the barrel have heavy (looting paper, which will keep out the ralti In front of this barrel nest place a latn run. using the full length of the lath, and each lath an Inch apart After the hatch s o'. the nesting material can he removed and the barrel will become an excellent brood coop Such a -lace for t, t hen and her young chicks fa preft Ible to any other style of chick coop, pd will be more san itary. Keeping Fowls Warm fowls can stand considerable roll weather. In proportion to site they can stand considerably more than can mankind. Rut vhere there Is a large house, and the weather especially »t night is bitter the fowls need extra attention, just us we need an extra A BEAUTIFUL TYPE OF FOWL HINOLK COMB BROWN LEOHORNH Copyright ISH by The Eugene McOtickln Company. The single Comb Brown l.eghom was one of the original breeds In roduced Into America about 1830. It has a reputation lor htavt laying, and reaching the laying period at an (arly age. The hens are non sitters. Tills variety ts much admired for Its beautiful plumage and Is widely bred by lovers of fine poultry, and I* also sought after by those seeking good layers and early broilers, especially squab broiler*. Their eggs are white and larger than those of some other Leghorns. Opinions differ as to whether th# original Leghorns, aa Imported from Italy, were black or not. as. according io some authorities, other colors urc to la- found. The variety, however, flral appeared In America about 1835 It lias always I nd s reputation iih an excellent layer nnd a non-sitter, milking It necessary to use liens of other breeds for sitting purposes or to employ artificial meth ods. In plumnge, (he males have rich red and green feathers and the females soft brown. They are tired widely by fanciers cover In bed on such nights Now for No fowls, that "extra cover" can be bad In siiHpendlng a curtain In front <if the roost at night This curtain can be made of ordinary bagging or burlap. Tack one end to the celling, and In laytime roll It tip. At night, after the fowls have gone to roust, let tin- curtain drop down It should be long enough to reach to uhunt a foo from the ground It also should lie hung Bvi that it will be a foot away from the roost This will give anipl" spare tor (lie fowls lo Jump down (ho first thing iii the morning This cur tain arrangement will mean a great prevention from frosted combs an) j wattles. Summer and winter It Is best ti ; feed the mash Tood ibdooi This, 'l course, should he le I In troughs, ann after the fowls have finished their i meal this trough should be gotten out jo fthe way, or the fowls will roost on It and get it befouled. The writer hhh found the V shaped troughs the hes| and In the end of the trough, on one of the sldee. he fastens n hook. After the fowls have finished the trough Is tlii-n fastedeii to the wall the hook being Inserted In an eye that has been fastened to the wall. In this wav the fowls have more room und the trough Is kept clean Hundreds of little wrinkles similar to these given, will crop up In a pout tryinan’s exi erience. which will save both time Hud money, and it Is worth while Tor every one to study up de vices that will not only make the work more easy, hut which will add interest to the occupation. Next week l*rof. .1. Harry Lewis, head of th' l New Jersey State K\pert inent Station Department of Poultry Husbandry, Rutgers' College, New Brunswick, will contribute the tost of two articles on "Incubation.' The Illustration will lie "Pekin Ducks.”" Russian Novelist is in Last Stages of Consumption zegsr*: 'xc. it sgsfa MAXIM GORKI. St. Petersburg Maxim Gorki, the novelist who recently recanted to Rus sia, is (Mild to bo In the lust stages of consumption and the new s of hi* death I* expected lit almost any mo-, mcnt The doctors who attended hint at t'aprl and Naples nave htm up and advised his no panlon. Mtne Andre* yew*. to hate him return to Russia. She persuaded him to accept the par | don which the Russian government I cranted him. and In January he act out for Moscow b) easy stages. and by farmers, 100, meeting the re spective demands of each class, being used to Improve the general quality or flocks In I Ida way they have formed the foundation of a number of well-known American breeds, notable among the beat'layers. Attain Good Weight, The hens weigh us much a* R'% pounds, although 4 1 * Is a better aver age. Males go as high as 5'4 to t! pounds. The eggs are larger than those of other Leghorns, and koine high laying records have been credited to till* branch of the Leghorn family. The chick* are rapid growers and aro Is There a Baseball Trust ? Webster Describes Organized League As One What Happened When the American League Showed That it Had Become Aa Great a Baseball Power As the National League—Did the Two Continue to Wage Warfare on Each Other? (BY FRANK G MENKE.) New York le there a baseball trust? There In, nay we, "There ain't, assort Meat**. Herr* niann, Johnson, Tenet, et al. Well, then, let '* so« • A trust ' romtirkcd Mr. Webster, the well-known assembler of word*, "is a combination formed for the control of several generally competitive, corpora tion* under one direction. It's object la to reduce expenses, regulate produc tion nnd tie away with or otherwise overcome competition, and thus domi nate the market nnd ohtuin n maximum return for the capital Invented." lViesn t tlmt about fit the description Of Organized Base bap? What hapened about 10 or tl years ago when the American 1/eague showed that It h n d become mm great a baseball power ns tlie National league? Did the two league* continue to kage war fare on each other! Did the magnates continue the practice of paying lug hhl avie* to player* to keep them from jumping to the rival outfit? No, they did not. They combined force*. They figured that competition wasn’t benefit ing anyone but the player. "Under It* Wing." And what happened afterward? The two big league*, then combined, decided to take the minor league* "under its wing " In other woru*. It coaxed the minor league team* to join In ttie Na tional Agreement, where they would bo bound by ihe dictate* of the ruling power* of the two I* g league* The major league leader* pointed out to the mint** leaguer* the big benefit* the minor icnguers would derive from thl* action The minor* would get th«i protection" of the major* amt the mi nora would have the privilege of selling their *tar player* to the major leaguer*. It wne a beautiful little argument- and the minor* "fell" tor It. No* Love But. In passing It might he said that the major league*** sought out the mi nor Vaguer* and bound them up wth such an agreement, not *o much be cause the> loved the dear little minor leaguer* but because such an agree ment would prevent the minor leaguer* fivm some day ristng up amt asserting they were major leaguer*. In the same wa\ that the AtmAican League did In It»QL \ trust 1* * combination of several different corporations concern* or indus tries that are under one direction A* \v« view tt every Organised Baseball league 1* under the direction ot and must bow to the mandate* of the No tional Commission Knob league can make It* own minor rules, but when it comes to anything drastic it ts compeil ed to do just what the National Com mission dictate*. A tvust attempt* to crush out any competition that may arise. Isn’t that what Organised Baseball ha* done in the case of Lie Federal League? Haven t the> ezerted every effort to block the onward rush of the new league that thru tens to break up their monopoly In the baseball world? Decides on Shift. Before the Federal League assumed it* present powerful proportions the mn-j JiT league magnates. In cities where only one team operated, had not thought ot transferring a minor league fran chise to that c tv and providing contlnti ous baseball. Charles \Y. Homers, own- 1 THE AUGUSTA HERALD. AUGUSTA, GA. easily raised. They arc, however, difficult to con fine and genrally have to he fenced In by high fences or kept In by dip ping their wings. This Is due to their love of free Tange, on which they thrive well. Notwithstanding these drawbacks, the Brown la-ghorns make an excellent home flork to supply fresh cggH and meat for the table. To the breeder they offer excellent opportunitieH for the exercise of skill and care to get fine results. In fact, some notable exhibits have been seen of Brown Leghorns raised In buck yards. er of the Cleveland American club, and also owner of the Toledo American As- Hociirtion club, was perfectly satiafled to have the teams operate In their re spective cities. But now since the Fed eral* have shown that they really mean htiHiueN*. Homer* has decided to shift the American Association team from Toledo to Cleveland. lie* doing It not *o much because he want* to provide cd»v minus baseball for the Cleveland fans ns he 1* to forestall an Invasion of the Federal*. Charge Major Price*. Charles 11. Kbhets. owner of tho Brooklyn National and the Newark In ternational League club* never gave a thought to transferring the Newark team to Brooklyn, until It was rumored that the Federal would put a team in Brooklyn. Now he's giving serious thought to ran*!erring the Newark team to Brooklyn to play there when the Dodgers are not at home. Kbets real ises that the Newark club will not draw a* well in Brooklyn when competing .iK.itnst the Federal* a* It would have drawn In Newark where It had no com petition, but he l* willing to stand what ever xss Is occasioned simply for the sake of cutting Into the attendance of the Federal Leaguers. *1 he Federal lesguin will charge ma jor league price* for admission; the American Association and International League price* are somewhat less. And both Somrt'B nnd Kbbets figure that the fans given a choice of seeing the Fed i era I* perform at high prices and the [Class A A team* perform at moderate prices, will clKX'ie to pay the smaller , price. Room for Two More. Although Th * ago l* pretty well clut tered up now with major league club*, laving representation in the American, National and Federal League the ruling power* In Organized Baseball would have placed an American Association team in that city, transferring the Ht. I'aul franchise to Chicago. If Charles Wchb Murpliy bad not made a protest ami won. Organized Baseball wanted to put an American Association team In Chicago not because It felt that fan dom in Chicago would support It, but * mp v a* one way of fighting the Fed era * The organized People long have con tended there is room for only two ma jor Vague* And vet, they now are planning the organisation of a fourth big lf.tjue They are planing It not he eause they think there ts n demand for it. but simply to have It act a* a club gainst the Federal*. Aren’t these trust methods? What Will Happen? I ntil the advent of the Federal Lea gue the Organised Baseball people paid their payer* Just whatever salaries they wished, l it*' demands or the worth of the player did not rtgure. It was the magnate who decided—-and th.it de cision meant that the player got Just as small a salary a* , But wit n the Federal* came Hong and offered lug salaries the Organized People knew then it was a case of •‘loos ening up" or losing those player*. And 111 many cases they almost doubled tho salaries of their players. They did tt not because their payer* had doubled In value, In their estimation, but merely because they used trust methods. l i to the pivselit tune ihe Federal* Superior Quality Long-Staple Cotton Can Be Grown in America Former Danger! Removed—Manufacturers Must Now Dis criminate in Buying and Give the Farmer a More Direct Interest in Maintaining the Purity and Uniformity of His Crop. Washington. 0. C.— Long■ atapl* cot. ton of superior quality can hs grown to advent**# In many parts of our cot ton ball If Ilia farmer can h« given a more direct Interest In preserving ins purity and uniformity of hit crop. This Interest will com* only sa a result of greater da. rimlnatlon In buying on lha part of manufacturer*. Buyer* must cease takng Inferior mixed fiber ant paying a* much for It as for th* best and mostuntform, If they really wlan to nnoourag* the production of long-alapin cotton In America. These facts »r# brought out In th# department of agri culture’s new bulletin, ‘‘The Relation ol Cotton Buying to Cotton Growing." Formerly manufacturers have com plained that the supply of long-slap** cotton was Inadeguate and uncertain, soya the bulletin. The boll weevil was supposed to have made ll almost Impos sible to grow long-staple varieties, but this danger has been overcome. New early-maturing varieties of long-staple cotton have been developed. Improved methods of culture have made It possi ble to produce (owl crops of this cotton In many parts of the United States de spite the presence of the boll weevil Natural conditions favor Its production, and almost unlimited supplies may be grown If the farmers will only be en couraged to lake more rare In main taining their cotton at a high standard. The manufacturers who use the long staple cotton have the key to the prob lem. More general planting of long staple cottons cannot be advised until murketlng conditions are Improved. The department of agricultures advice to farmers regarding irecautlona necessary to maintain the purity and uniformity of their cotton Is of little value unless they own obtain a better market price by ob serving these precautions. The present tendency to buy long-staple cotton at flat prices like short-siaple cotton dis courages the farmer from taking great er care. On the other hand It en courgss carelessness ami tendencies that lend to th* loss of uniformity of fiber and degeneration of varieties. Inspection of the cotton In the field atiords a tnitcli hettrt- basis of Judgment regarding the essential quality of uni formity than the present method of pulling samples from the bales. Field Inspection should precede warehouse grading, especially with long-staple cot tons. Familiarity with a variety of cotton niakes It possible to recognize much smaller percentages of ndinlxture or degeneration than can be detected In the bale, thus affording a greater degree of protection to the buyer and manu facturer and at the same time offering a greater Inducement to the farmer to maintain the purity and untfoAnlty of his cotton. It rests largely with the commercial world of manufacture*-* nnd buyers to determine what kind of filler the farmer shall produce today. Many districts of the cotton belt, and the newly settled Irrigated regions of the Southwest are ready and adapted for the long-staple V. rtety If the market price warrants Its production. The presence of she boll weevil Is now an additional reason for growing long staple instead of short-staple cotton. The extra care and precautions that are have been waging a merry little war on Organized Baseball. The Chance* now are that the Federal* will rise to major league power—that In a year or *o they will demonstrate to the baseball public that they are worthy toe of Organized Baseball. And then w*hat will happen? Be.sebah warfare does not appeal to the magnate. And It detracts consid erably from his bankroll. Of course no magnate In Organized Baseball now wants to take In the Federal outfit. 100 to 1 Shot. But, If the Federate continue to show strength, If they continue to grab off the major league stars and continue to force the Organized people o pay huge sala ries to player* to keep them from Jump ing. It's a 100 to 1 shot that the Or ganized Moguls wnll do the only thing possible to save themselves from bank ruptcy-avid that is to wave the olive l.vanch In the general direction of the Federal*. And the>*ll wave it lustily, too. And. It's another 100 to 1 shot that the Federal*, despite their declarations now that they never will enter Organized Baseball will make n frantic grab for the spring, nnd so make hapebail even a bigger trust than It Is today. Incubation in the Natural Way There are two way’s to incubate eggs—the natural nnd the artificial. The natural wav is the cheapest for the small poultrvman, but almost impractical on the modern large poultry farm. Spring is, of course, the time when Nature gener ally inspires the hen to get broody, because of weather conditions. How to handle the broody hen is therefore a timely topic., and one of the very highest poultry au thorities in the country will next week write on this important topic. Watch fur the article, appearing exclusively in Tho Augusta llerald next Sunday. required to protect th# cotton against tha weevil tnuks It pwalbl# to produce k better staple Thus ih* growing of long-staple cotton, to sell at » higher price, may be considered as a means of securing w return for the Increased cost of production or the diminished yield thet may be raused by th# boll weevil. That the present system of buying I* seriously defective Is now widely rec ognlked. and radical reforms are being sought through legislation nnd oth#T wlse. Hut It Is highly desirable that reform# In the commercial world be considered In their relation to th* Im provement of the quality of the crop and not merely to secure higher prices for Inferior cotlon. There Is no prospect that suet, prices can be maintained by nny action that may he taken In the United Htates. The only secure basis for our cotton Industry Is In the Im provement of the product. Otherwise, we remain exposed to the danger of for eign competition. It Is much more Im portant to Improve the quality of iur cotton ernip than to secure high prices without such Improvement, since high prices for Inferior cotton will only stim ulate the rapdly increasing production of low-grade cotton In other parts of the world. The manufacturing world. In Europe as well ns In the United State*, seem* to he unanimous in the opinion that the eotton <*-op lias deteriorated In recent decades. The same complaint Is made regarding all of the principal typea of cotton Upland short maples, long sta ples. Egyptian, and Sea Island. While direct evidence on the fact of deteriora tion Is not easy to obtain, there Is cir cumstantial support for the Idea that deterioration haa taken place, for the system of buying has allowed changes that would naturally tend toward a de cline In the quality of the crop. The necessary jAecautlons of selection and for avoiding admixture of seed have been relaxed, nnd even planting of In ferior varieties has been encouraged. The general disregard of the essential ((Utilities of length, strength, and higher grade on the part of buyers has had tne natural effect of leading the farmrt-s to believe that the most desirable charac ter n cotton variety can have Is that of giving a high percentage of lint, "a long outturn at the gin.” This erroneous idea Is now firmly fixed in the popular mind, and Is not likely to he eradicated while the present system of buying continues. No matter how inferior In other re spects a variety may he, thousands of bushels of seed can he sold by advertis ing a high percentage of lint. Present Buying System. The fact that some of the varieties with highest lint percentages produce extremely short. Inferior fiber does not lnterfrt-e with the planting of such va rieties as long as the farmer can sell Ihree-tiuarter-nch cotton for us much us inch cotton or even inch-and-an-eighth cotton. The popularity of these short linted varieties Is a result of the pres ent system of buying. In former dec ades, when th# quality of the fiber was considered, nobody would have thought of growing such cotton or of breeding such varieties. In addition to their in ferior lint, the high percentage vare ties usually have smaller seeds and wwiker seedlngs, a very undesirable character from the agricultural stand point. It is easier to secure higher per centages by selecting variations toward Bmall seeds than to increase the amount of lint on the seeds. Manufacturers have assumed or hav* been led to suppose that the dangers threatening the cotton Industry were purely agricultural, such as the exhaus tion of the soil, change of climate, or attacks of the boll weevil, nnd this makes it harder for them to understatto Prevent and Cure ROUP COLDS Don’t let roup wipe outyourbirda and your protits. Use prgtte, Pills or Powdar. It purifies the system *nd not only prevents but cures ronp. colds, fever, catarrh, diph theria. etc. Toinsurs perfectly healthy strong, husky layers, add to the feed dally prnlt*> Poultry Regulator Refuse substitutes; insist on Pratts. Satisfaction Guaranteed or Money Back. 3M Get Pratta 160 Pagm llluatrated Poultry Book. Sold and Guaranteed by First-Class Doalers in Augusta and Vicinity. 3244. SUNDAY, MAnCH 15. that the primary causes of deterioration In the quality of the filter have been commercial rather Ulan agricultural. This does not mean, of course, that there arc not many other agricultural Improvements Unit need to he mad*, lint It doe* mean that th* manufactiA-er should take greater car* to see that the farmer ha* th# necessary Inducement to plant superior varieties nnd to adopt the more careful method# that are necessary to produce better fiber, Daily Pattern 9664 \J \1 4 9864.—A SIMPLE PRACTICAL SUIT FOR THE SMALL BOY. Boys’ Russian suit with Knlckerltock ers. Brown galatea was used in this In stance. The style Is good for gingham, kindergarten cloth, serge, linen. Ilnene, flannel, velvet, or corduroy. The lines ere simple but smart, and the design is easy to develop. The trousers ate in regulation knlckerbocker style. The pat tern Is cut In four sizes: 3,4, 5 and 4 years. It requires 3 1-3 yards of 44- inch material for a five-year size. A pattern of this Illustration mailed to any address on receipt of 10 cents in silver or stamps. No. •••■••••.<Size Name ...#••«.• Street end No. City State CHICKEN LICE All old chickens have lice unless reeular preventive measures are used. With one application of Lee’s Lice Kilter I have erften taken SOO <g or more lice by actual count from a hen whose owner thought his heoa bad notice. Chickens cannot do well ifin fca ted with vermin of any kind, and tha «—i easiest and best way to get rid of tbem *. is by tbe use of Lee's Lice Kilter, a liquid Applied under tbe fowls—to roosts, etc ; never directly to their bodies. No dusting, dipping or greasing. 15c. 10c and 11.00 cans. Sold by leudina , dealers Send for latest poultry book and new pamphlets. GEO. H. LEE CO., Omaha, Nib. Lee's Louse Powder ig bandy where a powder Is preferred. Lee s Germoaone ia the best poultry medicine Roup Remedy tSc, 60c. and SI.OO. SI