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SPECIAL NUMBER The Augusta Young Women's Christian Association. The Splendid Work This Association Is Doing for the Women of This City (*y Martha Brown Benson) The Augusta Y. \Y. C A. was or ganized in February, I9i>9. For sev eral years before this date, Mrs. A. G. Jackson had been, interest d in estab lishing an association here. As pres ident of the Ladies’ Auxiliary of the Y. M. C. A., she and her devoted board had done much for the welfare o' the young men of the city—-it was only to be expected that her thoughts often turned to her "little sister," in the community. When the National jßoard of Y. W, C. A. began to look into the matter of establishing an as sociation in Augusta, they naturally turned to one who had done such good work in a similar organization. Miss Adele Qisbro, representing the Na tional Hoard, spent some weeks in Augusta, enlisting the co-operation of various good women, active in church work and charities. Among many who helped to make the association 1 Possible, none were more prominent lhan the late Mrs. George It. fiibley. One of the earliest and most devoted friends, her memory will ever be 1 cherished by the directors and mem ;■ hers of the Augusta association. A mass meeting was called at St. DEVELOPMENT OF AUGUSTA’S PUBLIC WORKS OEP’T TRACED 01 COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WORKS Work Beinq Done on the Levee —Building Against a Flood of 400.000 Cubic Feet Per Second History of waterworks, STREET PAVING, ETC. Power Canal Was Built From 1875 to 1878—Pays Five Per Cent Net on the Cost of Construction. By Nisbet Wingfield, City Engineer ind Commissioner of Public Works.) Eor mliny years tho city of Außuxta •as been quit* active in the «onstrnc ion of permanent municipal improve lents. It is probable no city if he size and financial ability of An •. usta can equal ttiis city in a showing f meritorious improyements. Power Canal. The first lame under ikcn by tile cily of Augiista was Hie evelopmcnt of the water power in ie Savannah river. At the time Ibis •ns construi ted in 1575 in t STS, the loderri system or electrical develop tent was unknown The develop lent was made in (lie only way prae cal. that is by building; a diverting un at Ihtg in-ad of the slioals and irrying the water down in a point here the full fro nitliaf water to tho ver would have a sufficient power > run the mills. This was done, an ! le power canal lias furnished the vn oils Industries in Augusta ajiproxi ately 12,0l)(i horsepower. II was do* ded in tile beginning that Ihe de ilopment Was not made lor the pur >Se ft making money from the ra il Itself but that the increase n. xes, by reason of the development Mowing the introduction of cheaper Iwer. and tin- consequent increase in pulafion and business, would be ffielent return. Therefore the ex pttonally low rate of $5.50 per h. o. ir year was made, and all water pow sold on this basis. The total fn rae Is sufficient to pax .7 per cent t on the cost of the canal, which is $1,000,000. This power runs all the mills of the city and the street IlWay and lighting plants. Waterworks. Many years ago, the city hullt a int to furnish water in its citizens, ie source of supply was from Turk tt Springs, near Wrightshoro road ove Fifteenth street Water was aught to the city through wooden )es, that is logs xVith an opening red through from end to end This int Was built some years before the tatruction of the power canal. As • the power canal xvas built, the V having outgrown the crude dev el - ment at Torknett Springs, a new itply of wafer was provided for by (Iding the pumping station at end icanal near the present site of Lom .•d Iron Works. A standpipe was J cted near this point and power Jnp was put in which was run by ( ter taken from the second level ol t canal and emptying into the third (el. The water for consttrqfitton was een from a basin which was built t abovp Thirteenth street anil car el to the pumps at Lombard’s Jiough a 16-Inch pipe down Fenwick Jot. When the demand outgrew the (j.itlty of this station, a new sta h> was built on the first level of d danal, pbovc Thirteenth street. A sling basin xvas constructed which Jupied all of the space now eonsti t!ngf Allen Park. In periods of ri as ,-bly good water in the river tills eln Was filled and the supply was h off when muddy water came, amt p t left In the basin allowed to set - w In this way the water was par ody clarified by settlement of clav it eilt, which is the coloring mat tl As the Savannah river water, in WtlAtural State, carrii's in suspension ‘ye volumes of clay am} sill, it xvas pd that the xxater could not be oferty clarified by sedltnatlon only; ts'efore. where It became necessar;, tbxltend the plant on account of in ■Wd consumption, the entire sys was changed and a new pump w station was built above the city beif half-Way between the city anil at licks. A reservoir was construct ®k f P ortion of the city °f Augusta, 1 mechanical filter plant was ron n(ife<l at an elevation which madej thgSklble to run the xxater from the I usuVolr through the filter plant by dudly. After passing the filler plant j F '-cater goes to a small reservoir i taPef xb’ clear water 1 asln.” and they"’ 1 ' basin It flows to tile city' ■hugtv'ty. On ae■■mint of the ele-! bat*. <6 i large portion of Suinnie-- ! .ti'nv sixth ward of city of Au- J John’s Church, February, 1909, and the association definitely established. Mrs. A. G. Jackson was elected as president and the board of directors chosen' Worn the various evangelical denominations of the city. Augusta women responded admira bly and 800 memberships were se cured. Subscriptions were generally made by our citizens, ami the work auspiciously launched. Mr. E. C. Hill, at that time general secretary of the Y. M. C. A., was one of the earliest and most devoted friends of the work and did much to bring it favorably before the public. Such was the beginning. Has the Y. W. C. A. "made good?” Two branches of the work are such as “can be seen and bandied”—fea tures of which statistics can be given. The association operates a home for young women—this is not an ordi nary boarding house —but a home where the self-supporting, self-re specting girl can find comfortable lodging, simple nourishing food and the refined and wrolesorne atmos phere of a Christian home. All at a moderate cost. The restrictions are gustaf it was necessary to have an independent plant for the high ground which is all that portion of Monte Kano nnd Summerville above and west of Hickman street. At the clear water basin there are pumps which take tile water after It has been fil tered and carries it to a standpipe at the top of the hit] on Monte Sano avenue. From this point it is dis tributed to the territory described above. Owing to the large area cov ered by the city, it has been neces sary to lay a great many pipe lines and as a consequence we have a great er mileage distribution systtm per thousand Inhabitants than any city in the United Htatcs. We have now in the city system approximately 105 miles of mains. Sewers. With the exception of a porlion of the territory recently annexed, all por tions of the city have been supplied not only with sanitary sewers but with storm sewers to take care of al' rainfall. On account of the level pla teau on which Iho old part of the city extended, which made it difficult to gel a proper fall for the sewers, and on account of the exceedingly heavy rainfalls which sometime occur, it has been necessary to make these sewers unusually large and the cost las been correspondingly great. That portion of the city north of the canal, extending from the mills to East Boundary street, has been drained by sewers entering the river at various points. There were nine main out falls in tbe river and a number of smaller outlets. On account of the construction of the levee It was eon skil led best to change these openings so that . nothing .would go under the levee bank. To change the drainage we arc now constructing a sewer-on Eleventh street from Reynolds street to the third level of the canal and along Reynolds street an intercepting sewer is being constructed from Eighth street to Fourteenth street, so that all drainage wtiich heretofore has gone into the river will now turn back to Reaver Dam ditch through Eleventh street. We have in the city, up to date, 95 miles of sewers, 7H miles of which are storm and sanitary sewers combined, and 19 miles of sanitary sewers. Streets and Bridges. Of recent years vast improvements have been made to the streets through out the city. The first permanent paving put down was on Broad street from Fifth to Twelfth, when a sheet asphalt xvas constructed, tho Improve ment being paid lor jointly by tho abutting property owners and the city. This was followed by Relgian block pavement on Ninth street from Broad to Walker, and following this numer ous streets have been paved xvlth brick and several have been laid with small Belgian Mock land on concrete, the space between the blocks being filled xvlth cement, making a roadway prac tically as smooth as brick. The city owns and operates a stone quarry at the beginning of the canal, from which it quarries stone for macadamizing streets. This stone breaks up in such a way that it cannot lie used for any other purpose but macadamizing. In addition to the macadam streets there have been surfaced with gravel streets In various parts of the city, so that now we have n total of approximately 80 miles that hax’e been permanently Improved; other streets on which it has been Impossible so far to make permanent improvements, have been surfaced up with road machine and properly ditched, so that xvo now have a total of 180 miles of streets which can he used advantageously for traf fic. With the exception of the cost ot Broad street, which was partly paid lor by the property owners, all ex pense of the street improvements have been paid in full by the city out of the general fund. As fast as practical per manent masonry arches are being con structed over the canal on various streets. We noxv have masonry bridg e of tliis kind on Fifteenth, Thir teenth. Twelfth, Eleventh, Ninth and Twiggs streets. The city also owns Hie two bridges across the river, on, at Fifth street and the other at Thir teenth street. Many miles of curbing and sidewalks have been put in. the curbing being of granite, most of It from Llthonla or Stone Mountain. About ten years ago the city passed an ordinance requiring that cement side walks be constructed wherever new walks are laid or old walks have to he repaired. Following this general scheme we are fast getting all parts of the city paved with cement walks xvhieh adds greatly not only to the comfort of pedestrians hut to the gin eral appearance of the city. Since the extension of the city limbs of three years ago, necesasrlly a large portion of the street Improvement fund has been spent in the new territory. Roads in this section are fast being gotten into proper shape, so that many miles such as any careful mother places about her young daughter. There has been an average of 15 young-women in the home each month since its es tablishment, five years ago. A little calculation shows how far reaching work has been. While recommenda tions are required of all permanent res idents —-transient guests are always re ceived and the door never chut, night or day, against any young woman de siring temporary admission. Physical Culture. The association also operates a gymnasium which has proved most popular feature and one of the most help ul. Each director has been a graduate of a normal school of the highest class, Columbia University, Hr. Arnold’s and Sergeant's Schools. The teachings has been along the lat est and most approved lines, tactics, floor work, apparatus, folk aVtd fancy dancing, swimming, rowing, basket ball, tennis, etc. The classes have embraced women of all ages, young ladies, business women and matrons. When it. is remembered that a very small fee puts their instruction be fore our women, the question may of new' streets have been opened up for building. The city has recently constructed a fire-proof building in which to house the city prisoners. This is located n the upper part of the city near the river and there has. been provided • a farm of about 80 acres on which" the women and men who are not aliie l 'to work on the streets are employed. Vegetables and other food stuff for the prisoners are raised and hay, corn and other stock food grown and sup plied to the othdr city departments This arrangement has enabled the city to take care of its prisoners at a min imum cost and at the same time treat them humanely. There is scarcely any stlckness, adn since this arrangement has been in vogue the work obtained from city prisoners lias been greatly increased. In front of the passenger depot, be tween AValker and Telfair streets, there was a street dividing two blocks, one of whith belonged to the United States for site of the new postoffice and the other belonged to, the city., By arrangement with the United States government a portion of these two blocks and the street were laid off into a plaza which is oho of -The most attractive spots now- in the city. The old water works basin, which was on the ground between Fifteenth street and A’oung street on the east and west, and May avenue on the south, and the canal on the n'bfth, was shaped up and' made info Alf?n Park. *•> artificial lake was constructed by supplying water from waterworks train Improvement work of evt’y kind has been extended in every <iilection, so that tlie city is fast developing into a modern and model community as far as civic improvements .can make It. City Pier and Wharves. One of the mots important under takings in recent years has been the establishment of a modern river trans portation service. There are now un der construction two steel barges which will be self-propelled which will ply regularly between Augusta and Sa vannah. To meet the requirements o? the increased business which this new !jne will bring about, the city is now about to commence the construction of a new wharf and terminals. The elevation of this will be on a level with the levee and will be between the levee and the river, so that by the use of a hoist freight can be handled di rect from the boats to the'upper pie-. There will be a steel warehouse and railroad connection. From the lower wharf a driveway Will extend up to and over the levee for use of those de siring to handle freight direct from the boat to wagon. This will be located immediately below Fifth street, on thy river, in tire same location as the old wharf. It is expected t’o have this ready by fall. It is probable that no improvement of the many which have been under taken by the city in recent years iv as important, or Will be as far-reach ing in its effect as the construction of tile levee, which is now going for ward. The watershed of the river above Augusta is 7,295 square miles. Owing to the preclpltious banks and the hilly country through which the river and its tributaries flow above Augusta, all water that falls on this area is confined practically to the channel of the river until it reaches Augusta, which is at the foot of the hills. In certain periods of excessive rainfall the floodtide in the river gets to such a height that it overflows the bank and passes directly through the business and manufacturing portions of the city and also covers a large residential area. This low ground ex tends from the upper city limits to a point eight miles below the. city at New Savannah. After most careful sur veys and observations it was found that the only feasible way to prevent the flood from coming into the city was by building a levee along the river bank from high ground above Augusta to high ground below Au gusta, a distance of eleven miles. The route selected ~wns close to the- rtver bank from the point of beginning near Lake Olmstead to East Boundary street and theflee through the farm lands on the nearest high ground to the river. The work is now practi cally completed to Sixth street. At point of beginning concrete bulkhead was placed in the canal to prevent the water from coining Into the city from above if anything happened to the ca nal bank. The general construction of the levee is earth fill with the rive: side protected from erosion ,by pave ment. White streams are crossed back of the Sibley and King mills and Hawks dully, reinforced concrete bulk heads and gates have been constructed. At Southern Railway, at Sixth street, there will be a steel gate operated from concrete wing walls. The bank will be protected along the entire city front, a distance of approximately thtx o miles. This starts at the bot tom oi tip' river with heavy trench THE AUGUSTA HERALD, AUGUSTA, GA, well be asked why our classes are not even moye largely attended. Business Woman's Club. A very successful club has been formed among the young women members of the association. Formed primarily to increase the efficiency of its members, and incidentally to pro mote good fellowship and healthful recreation. This club lias been complimented by being elected a member ot the M. & M. Association. Work of Committees. Through various committees, the board of directors have endeavored to broaden the lives of the young women of ou r city—ever remembering tne motto: “I have come that they might have life and have it more abundant ly.” There have been cooking classes, millinery classes, classes in first aid to the injured, Ilible classes, vesper service, teas, receptions, exhibitions, lectures, many things to interest and benefit the members. Bible classes taught by Mr. Guille, Dr. Sevier and Dr. Jones have proved delightful features. stone and from this trench rock up the Slope flat paving stones are being placed. This work will extend to the top of the levee. The height of the levee is designed to carry one-third more water than the greatest flood We have so far experienced. The three largest floods of which we rave rec ord, have carried approximately 300,- 000 cubic feet of water per second by Augusta. Each of these floods came from different parts of the watershed, and if the.same rainfall bad occurred over the entire watershed, as hap pened two years ago in the tributaries of the Mississippi river, the flood .Would . ; have been largely increased. Therefore i.vve are building against a Tlbod ofqlOp.OdO cubic feet per second. The city; authorized, by vote, the ex penditure bl: $1,750,000 to be obtained by sdle'of bods, $1,000,000 of which have been •sold and Die balance will be stild as fast as the work can be done. As soon as the right-of-way can be obtained below Fifth street, the work will be pushed, contracts having been let to East Boundary street. There Mr. Nisbel Wingfield, Augusta’s Able Commis sioner Public Works >■ . ■ > Jr* lyfei .v ~ &yfi |§f:4 y ’ must ' 4 life A# .. I Mr. Nisbet Wingfield, Augusta’s able eity engineer and commissioner of public works, also chief engineer of the River and Canal Commission, Is a native of Dade County, Georgia. He was prepared tor college at Kirk wood, Ga., and then entered the Uni versity of Mississippi at Oxford, and afterwards he attended the Univer sity of Tennessee at Knoxville. He selected civil engineering as a profes sion early in life and so shaped his college courses. Mr. Wingfield started out as a rod man for the Texas & Pacific Rail road, advanced to level man, then transit man and finally was made resident engineer. Lter Air. Wingfield was in charge of a party on the location of the P. A. Road in Florida. He wasengineet of bridges on this road and had charge of the construction of all the bridges between Pensacola and Ma riana, including the bridge three miles in length across Escambia Bay. After leaving this road he became tne locating engineer of the L. N. O. & P. Railroad between Memphis and Vicksburg. He had personal charge of the bridge across the Yazoo River. After tnis work was complet' d he was on levee construction between Vicksburg and Memphis, under Cap tain Marshall of the United States army, later chief of engineers. Mr. Wingfield built the waterworks at Chattanooga, Tenn., and operated them for several years as general manager. While he was located in ChntfanAhsta he also had charge of the construction and oreration of waterworks plants in»Meiidian. Miss., and Little Rock, Ark. A; an engi neer lie has planned and constructed waterworks plants, or additions, in most o:' tile important cities of the South, including Austin, Texas. Mont The work of the general secretary is impossiule to adequately describe, or reduce to statistics. The associa tion is truly “the handmaid of the church,” one of its great aims is to "keep good that which is good." It is not a relormatory, nor a re fuge, but a help to the well rounded development of Christian character in young, women. Its mission is three fold, spiritual, mental, prysical. There are many Christian women who would like to act as “big sister” to the “little sister” of our city. The secretary is their deputy, the arained worker woo carries out their wishes and makes practical their dreams. Who can estimate the good that lias been done, the good advice, the sym pathy, the aid. spiritual as well as the aid material? Fresent Board. Mrs. Charles H. Phinizy has been president since Feb., 1910, and under her able administration the work has grown slowly and surely. Of great executive ability, she unites a rare talent for leadership with the charm and magnitude which makes devoted personal followers. was a tremendous amount of work and expense in getting the necessary right of-way, as the river bank was occu pied by the Charleston and Western Carolina Railroad termina's, a cotton compress, an ice factory and a great many other structures which had ro be moved. The bridge at Thirteenth street was extended by the addition of one span so that it would land over the levee. The same form of construc tion will be made at the Fifth street bridge. All sewers going through the levee are being changed so that in stead of opening under the levee as at present, the outfall will lie to Beaver Dam ditch, and the Levee will lie solid without a break except at points where the bulkhead and gates have been con structed. If we are not too much de layed by right-of-way trouble, it is ex pected that the city will be protected from floods by the end of 1915. All parts of the work is being pushed, good headway has-been made consider ing the many difficulties, and the work done is up U the standard in every particular. gomery, Ala., Birmingham, Ala., Knoxville, Tenn., Norfolk, Va., Macon, Ga., Tampa. Fla., Danville, Va., Clarksville, Tenn., Lexington, Ky.. and numerous smaller cities. He con structed sewers and street paving in Chattanooga, Tenn.. Atlanta, Ga., New Orleans, La., and many small towns. He also made plans for power devel opment on the Tennessee, Hiawassee and Savannah Rivers. In 1898 Mr. Wingfield was em ployed by the City of Augusta to build the new waterworks plant. While tilts was under construction it was decided by the city administration to have all of the public works of the city in charge of one man. Air. Wing field was selected for this position arid he has held it ever since, through all the various change of Politics. He is officially known as city engineer and commissioner of public works. Since lie has been in charge o that department the city has expended, in cluding the cost of the work done on th? levee, between $4,000,000 and $5,- 000,000. The character of the work has been first-class and cost less than that obtained by any other cit for similar work. Air. Wingfield has been a member of the American So ciety of Civil Engineers for twenty years, he is also a member of the American Waterworks Association and the American Society of Alunici pal Engineers. Every particle of the levee work is being done under Mr. Wingfield’s direction. He is an able official and so highly is he regarded that changes of administration never affect his status. There have been times when officers lost their official heads be cause of a change in administrations but Mr Wingfield go-’e right along undisturbed for Augusta needs him in her business. Her efforts have been warmly second ed by the board of directors, drawn from the various churches of the city. They have always acted with a re markable unanimity of purpose and warm feeling o' comradeship. No Debts or Obligations. The association has been scrupul ous in its business dealings. All of its accounts are promptly paid. Not a debt or obiligation stands against it. Its subscribers are mem bers are assured that whatever sums are entrusted to its keeping are faithfully and economically edminis tered. Pine Heights Tea Shop. No mention of the association would be complete without the Pine Heights Tea Shop. The efforts of the young ladies composing this “goodly company” are directed toward the building fund. So successful have they been that a good numbe- is al ready in hand. Nor should the interest and aid of many friends among our winter vis itors be forgotten. Familiar as the work is to many of them in other cities, they have shown a warm and A Rich Territory Will Be Open To Augusta By Rail To Elberton A Short Survey of What This Nearby Trade Territory Means Both to Augusta and to Elberton—High Time Augusta Business Men Began to Plan For Increased Territory and Trade. The imperial location of Augusta should comand the trade of the entire Savannah Valley. What part of it does She get? Her easy supremacy over rival cit ies in the matter of water rates on freight to and from tlie coast, would enable her to supply this trade to the great advantage of both the city and the territory. If she could but reach it. A great portion of the trade has lain at her very doors, year in and year out. practically, ever since the advent of railroads, but lacking these facili ties, it has gone elsewhere, to build up remote hut rix-al markets. Meanwhile, Augusta, wrsich is en titled to this trade by every reason known to logic, has stood silently by and xvatched it pass from her. The Railroad to Elberton. The railroad to Elberton has been an Imperative need for half a century. It is more imperative now than ever. From the upper windows in the Em pire Building can he seen distinctly, with the naked eye, tho blue outlines of Graves Mountain, In Lincoln coun ty. Do the people there come to Au gusta to trade? No. Their trade flows tip hill in stead of down. They go to far off markets where they pay more for sup plies and get less for their cotton, while they are in sight of the cheapest market to buy in and the highest mar ket to sell cotton in, in the entire south. It is a -ease of “thou art so near and yet so far.” They have railroad trans portation that takes them away from Augusta and they haven't got railroad transportation to bring them to Au gusta, and hence they go away from their natural market to sell their pro ducts and their supplies. They used to have to come here, but now they don't have to come and they don’t come. Its a strange state of af fairs, hut nevertheless, it exists, and you can’t rub it out. A Rich Territory. A railroad to Elberton from this city would open a scope of country forty miles in width, that is noxv destitute of rail facilities. It would puss through the counties of Columbia, Lincoln and Elbert, than which there are no bet ter in Georgia. Notwithstanding the fact that they have been cut off from their nearest market and the best market in the south, and their trade diverted to strange and remote markets, they are today in a most nourishing condition. What would they be if they couid utilize their God-given advantages? Could obtain the highest price for their cotton and buy their supplies at the lowest figure, and could reach their natural trading point within an hour’s time? Can you picture the transformation that xvould he brought about, the grand development that would follow, the increase in xvealth and population, the expansion In values and import ance? Far Reaching Influence. Besides the prosperous and flour- UNITE! IS I Nil) MAZE IN ENGLAND An American Recently Visiting London Was Struck With Saa Pace of Average Londoner, London.— An American recently visit ing London lias been struck with the s:ul face of the average Londoner. Aft el examining the physiognomies of several passers-by be lias come to the conclu sion that severe looks on the part of those he passed in the street are the rule, not the exception. This is the ex perience of nearly every stranger. The I-ondon scowl are “puckered eyes," “moody glances.”, “mouth drawn In tight lines, drooping at the corners." and a deep vertical frown drawn between the eyebrows. "Marmaduke.” <C. K. Jernitiglrim) so long famous as the satirist of "Truth" consulted on the question, said. "Laugh ter is a new Craze in England. It is within the last 2fl years that the general public in this country has learned to laugh and to understand that laughter Is not disreputable. The middle class, i. e the self-su porting and commercial class has rnadep a lot of new discoveries with in the last 2.7 years. It has discovered night-time, and it has discovered laugh ter—or Borne, laughter. There are wise and experienced pot it tofu ns who firmly believe even _ today that Gladstone would never have risen v io the eminece he at tained had he ever made a joke. The late King Edward when Prince of Wa'es, started the theory that it was not sinful to smile. The dinner fable of the Up per Ten of Upper Tooting used to he more solemn shun a funeral. Now it is "AUGUST A IN 1914” practical inte’rest in its progress in the Augusta association and the build ing fund is the larger lor their gilts. The directors have always found encouragement and enthusiasm in the unselfish labor of the young women of the Pine Heights Tea Shop. Greatest Need. The great need in a suitable build ing—a proper house and setting for all the good work projected. Will not the day soon come when Augusta will provide such a place, dedicated to the needs of her daughters: Help of Our Women Needed. Such, presented in a feeble way, is the scope, aid and need of the Augusta association. It is a great undertak ing, requiring the inter est, the prayers the sympathy, the gifts o our women. Surely there are several hundred wo men in our city willinz and able to help such a work “make good.” If they will but respond to the appeals, with t’ce aid of our subscribers, among the business men oT the community, such a wofk can be,done as will make our city attain more nearly the ideals, toward which each true dweller with in her bounds, ardefttly strives. ishing counties of Lincoln and Elbert, that are within a stone’s throw of Au gusta. the connection With the Sea board and the Southern systems at El berton wotild reclaim the progressive comities of Hart, Franklin, Haber sham and Rabun in Georgia and por tions of South Carolina, North Caro lina and Tennessee, that formerly were tributary to this city hut whose trade xvas diverted by the rail lines built across it running north and south. This territory noxv lias no outlet for its product to navigable water except in the most roundabout way. Cotton raised in the districts in question goes all the way to Norfolk for export, El berton alone shipping more than 30,- 000 hales annually. Here is a clear loss to both Elberton and Augusta on this business. The distance from Elberton to Augusta is not exceeding 75 miles, against more than 400 miles to Norfolk. Of course the excess in mileage is added to the cost of the cotton. In other Words, the producer pays the differential, which is the expense Of hauling 325 miles. Advantages of a Nearby Market. But this is not all. Not only the price of cotton is affected, hut corn, meat, fertilizer, bagging, ties, sugar, molasses salt and at! other articles ot merchandise that enter into the house hold. Augusta being the nearest point where cheap water rates of freight can he obtained is also the logical point xvhere supplies of lumber, hard ware, brick, lime, cement and all bulk goods can he shipped from the coast into the interior at the minimum .cost of hauling, which is the water rate of freight. Consequently the Elberton merchant tan not only obtain these articles in the Augusta market cheaper than else where, but he can save the difference in freight besides. Time has not been taken into con sideration. but it is quite an element to the merchant of a small town, all the same. It is a grep.t convenience to be able to go the city to adjust your account with your cotton factor and be able to see the wholesale trade, all at the same time and on the same trip. The Elberton & Eastern. The Elberton and Eastern railroad has built down to Tignall in Wilkes county and there it has stopped. The people of Lincoln county got together and raised enough money to continue the road to Chappell's church, in six miles of Lincolnton. It is a question whether it will stop there or come on to A.ngusta It is another question, xvhen it starts up again, will it come to Augusta, or will it go around this city and connect with the Brinson Road at St. Clair. Both of these roads have built into our territory and stopped just without our gates, it is up to the people of Augusta to find out their destination. As it stands at present, they are taking from this city trade that would otherwise come here and has come here in the past. These are questions xvell worthy of consideration. demoralizing the country. Prior to the revolution laughter was a new idea in Fiance. George Robey, the "prime min ister of mirth." is responsible for a great deal of the modern tendency to fri volity. The expansive smile belongs to tli e.stage. The Victorian .sotnbreness is passing away.” r— —i The first newspaper printed in the English language, wtfti its old-Engllsh type and its quaint account of events in foreign countries, was a pamphlet is sued In 1621. Its title, “Cbrrant or Nevves from Unite, Germanffe, France, and other - places.' is us curious as its contents. For many years it bad been supposed that no copy of the Cornint was in existence, but recently a copy of tills interesting document was discover ed. -Popular Mechanics Magazine. COULDN’T HELP HERSELF. Patience—Peggy is not the kind of girl to take a back seat. Patrice —She took one today, all right. "Where?" "She was with .Tack on ills motor cycle."—Yonkers Statesman. PLENTY OF FREE TRIPS. “VoUr wife needs to ride out in the open air.” "All right, doc. I'll drop word among the real estate agents that I might look at property In the suburbs.” — Kansas City Journal. NOT SO FEEBLE;"” "I fold TTnele Simon that lie was getting too old and feeble to attend to business." “Did- he take it kindly?’.' “He threw me out of the office.”— Boston Post-