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SPECIAI NU?/!BER Augusta One ot the Most Important Cotton Centers in the World Electric Used by Claussen Bakery is Modern and Efficient When the H. If,. Claussen Company decided to motorize their delivery system, they naturally gave prefer ence to tile electric wagon on account of its sanitary features, and by adopt ing the G. V. Electric, they certainly hit upon an ideal machine. The General Vehicle Company is the world's largest manufacturers of eelctric commercial vehicles, and has tin immense plant in Long Isloml City, N. Y. The latest addition to the plant of five buildings is shown here with. Over $600,000 was spent on this building alone. All machinery is operated either by compressed air or individual motor drive. .Everything is modern and in keeping with the production of high grade machines. The drop forge plant and foundry is on the ground floor, the machine shop on the second, the assembling plant on the third, body building plant COITON HISTORY IS LOST IN PAST Beginning of Weaving of White Fibers Into Cloth is Not Known; Record Back to 450 B. C. The beginning of the weaving of cot ton into cloth is loHt in the distant past. The ancient Egyptians wrapped their mummies in linen, by it is known that their priests wore robes of cotton when they entered their temples for the purpose of performing their rites connected with their offir. Herodotos, the ancient historian,, mentions cotton growing in India as early as 454) R. C. He speaks of cert lap STEWART PHINIZY, fERDINAND PHINIZY. JAMES TOBIN PHINIZY & CO. Cotton Factors 5-7 EIGHTH ST.. PHONE 347. AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. Established 1867. Consignments soljeited and prompt returns made. S. LESSER COTTON. Bagging and Ties Cable Address: “Lesser.” Augusta. Ga. Codes used: Shopperson’s 1881 Ed. Mover’s 37th Atlantic. Meyer’s 39th Atlantic. DAVISON ®> FAR.GO CoLLon Commission Merchants Mclntosh and Bay Streets Augusta, Georgia RUSSELL ALLEN, Inc. COTTON FACTORS Cor. Reynolds and Mclntosh Sts. on the fourth and the paint shop on the fifth. Each step in the construc tion of a G. V. Electric is watched over by experts of long training and experience. The tinished vehicle goes down a giant elevator to the spur track where the Iking Island Railroad, electrically operated, starts it on its way to the customer. G. V. Electrics built in this plant are being shipped to South Arfiea, Brazil, Australia, Canada and the Philippines as well as to nearly every state in the Union, almost daily. Firms using G. V. Electrics in the South have nothing but praise for these machines, and claim that for city work, city deliveries, and espe cially in the moving of merchandise requiring sanitary conveyances, they give greater satisfaction than any other method. trees of that country as bearing fleeces more delicate and beautiful than those of sheep arid their being us ed in the manufacture of cloth. This is the first record of the use of cotton,, but it was undoubtedly used many years before Heroditus wrote. Pliny, another Roman writer of ex c-ellet authority, states that the an cient Babylonians and Armenians wore robes of cotton next to then skins and Livy a little later, records that cotton awnings were introduced into Rome B. C. S 3. Caesar afterwards used cotton cloth to cover the forum and tile way leading from hie house to the Capitoline hill. This roof of cot ton was a great novelty and for tin; time considered one of the greatest wonders of the city. The generals of Alexander brought cotton back from their Asiatic campaign. We also know that the plant was cultivated long be fore the beginning of the Christian era. Knew Many Uses. Cotton was introduced into Europe from Asia and Africa by the Greeks and Romans, and was cultivated to some extent in the countries bordering Cotton Seed Becomes Valuable After Close of the Civil War Cotton seed as a valuable product dates back only to the close of th» civil war. Prior to that the seed was considered a nuisance, to be gotten rid of as expeditiously as possible. It. is true that some tried to use it even before the invention of the cot ton gin in 1794, sample of the oil was exhibited by the Moravians in 1770 and in 1830 a patent was granted on a pro cess for extracting the oil, but little came of such early efforts. However by 1320 the value of cotton seed pro ducts had risen to seven million dollars and this was but the beginning. Bays the Railway and Locomotive Engineering, "Speaking generally, peo ple now eat and wear cotton seed pro duels and do all manner of thfhgs with them. The lintels yield batting, wad ding and stuffing for pads, cushions, comforts, horse collars and upholstery, mixing for shoddy for wood in hat making and for lamb’s wool in fleece lined underwear; also for felt and low grade yarns used in making lamps and candle wicks, twine, rope and carpets also cellulose used in making artificial silk and writng peper, and as a basis for explosives. “But this Is not all. The hulls are used for feed, fertilizer, paper stock and stuffing. The cake and meal are also used in fertilizer, in dye stuffs, in feed for cattle, poultry, horses and on the Mediterranean. It seems that many of the present uses of the plant were known to those people, for they Placed great value on the seed, using it for illuminating purposes and as an article of food. Creighton’s History of Arabia states that the manufacture of cotton was introduced into Europe by the Saracens of Arabia.He also gives these people the credit for making the Europeans acquainted with the manufacture and use of paper. Cotton candle wicks were used in England as early as 1300 A. D. and this is probably the earliest use of cotton in that country. The develop ment of cotton manufacture in Eng land was very slow, ; ni t was nearly five hundred years after the introduc tion of the candle wick that the Indus try can be said to have fully com menced. England probably obtained her first raw material from Brazil. Found by Columbus. Columbus found the cotton plant growing wild in the lands he discover ed, and later explorers found it as far north as the land bordering on the banks of the Mississippi and Its tri butaries. The finest cotton goods of ancient times were made in India. Here the natives attained such skill in spinning that a single pound of thread would be 1115 miles In length The finest muslins were made by these people; some qualities wer e so fine that you could scarcely feel them In your hand, and when spread on the grass and cov t ed with dey they became invisible The early settlers of eGorgia and Carolina at first grew cotton in their garden for ornament, and It was not until after the revolutionary wah that any considerable attention was given to its cultivation for practical pur poses. (OTTO* BIN i BOON 10 SOOIN Not Only Dixie But the Entire World Has Benefitted By Eli Whitney’s Invention of Ma’ chinery When Eli Whitney invented the cot ton Kin more than a century and a quarter ago, lie solved the problem of the Southern states. His was a histor ical machine, and it has played a more prominent part in the development of tile agricultural resources of Dixie than any other one device. It is particularly interesting to note that an Alabama man—R. S. Munger— Improved the ginning process by his in ventions of more than a quarter of a century ago to further revolutionize the commerce of the South. As a result of this Invention and the manufacture of the products which followed. Augus ta lias long been regarded as one of tlie principal cities in the marketing of the cotton crops of the world. The purpose of this article, however, is not to tell the story of the cotton gin In its relation to the development of the South, and the effect it has had upon civilization in helping clothe the people of the world, but to trace the evolution of the gin from its small beginning to the machine which is today the back bone of one of the greatest growing in dustries of the South. Saw Gin Used In 1793. In 1796 when the saw’ gin had been in use for barely three years the South ern states produced 2,000.000 bales of cot ton against the 63,000 bales which were marketed in 1792. Since then the In crease lias been gradual up to the 13,- 000.000-bale crop of the present time. Cotton growing in the United States dates back to the year 1607, when tile English settlers at Jamestown, Va.. turn ed to experimenting with It and suc ceeded in raising a small crop. Exportation from this country dates from 1747, eight hags having been sent to England in that year. Small expor tations followed until 1770. when all rec ords were broken and the tickers in Wall street set busily buzzing by an enormous shipment of 2,000 pounds, in 1791 there was an expectation of AUGUSTA, GA. Consignments Respectfully Solicited. THE AUGUSTA HERALD, AUGUSTA, GA. swine, as well as in confectionery and flour. The oil enters the manufacture of lard compounds, white cottolene, Gutter oil, ‘olive’ oil, and oleomargar ines. "It is used in the packing of olives and sardines in miners oil, in lubricat ing oil, in paints, in mixing of putty, and in automobile tires. It Is an in gredient of soap, washing powders, etc. Altogether there are fifty-three pro ducts. Millions of capital and thou sands of persons are employed in the industries growing out of the use of cotton seed. In this connection The Manufacturers Record says, "Edward Atkinson, of Boston, who in his life rendered valuable service to the idus trial south in his statistical ■presen taton of conditions there took the ground a quarter of a century ago, as we recall it, that the cotton seed weighing twice as much as the fiber, would some day be worth quite as much,. "There certainly is encouragement for the belief that this prophecy will be fulfilled. The history of the cot ton seed industry i the last forty years is full of marvels. An exposi tion that would present objectively Its various steps, from the beginning, should be full of interest and instruc tion, and might be the means of giving a fresh impulse and impetus to dis covery. 189,316 pounds and this amount was raised to 17,789,803 pounds in 1800, Whitney’s gin being fairly credited with the Increase. At the present time the income from America's exportations of cotton to England, France, Belgium, Japan, Ger many and other foreign countries aver ages far moire than $290,000,000 a year. That, together with that retained for domestic use, is grown in 16 states. The average annual production is now 12,000.- 000 bales and that entire product is gin- 1 ned by the states of the cotton section j t>y 32,000 large and small glneries. whose gins w-ork from one to four months after I the crop is in the fields. Much More Cotton Grown. From the cultivation of. a few- acres in j Virginia that produced in 1607 a crop j not easily reckoned In pounds to the cultivation of thousands of acres with a crop not easily computed In bales, the growing of cotton increased in the Unit ed States. The production in 1860 was 2,160.000.000 pounds. In 1895 it was 4,- 596,000.000 pounds, or 9,467,900 bales of 484 pounds net. Nearly all of the large crop of 1860 was ginned by the four-muie power Whitney. During the war production greatly de creased and figures which attempt to show the amount grown are not too ac curate, owing to difficulties of the time. For a number of years after the war there was little or no improvement in the process of ginning. Steam had come to replace the mules very generally, thus permitting many of the gins to be ope rated more steadily and with better at tention. THE RECALL. 1 believe de recall ’ud help to reform me. What difference would it make to you ? Well. I t'nk I’d quit dis roving life an’ settle down an’ try to git back at some o’ de judges dat keeps sendin’ me up. Atlantic Compress Co. Compresses at the Following Places in the Augusta Territory Albany, Ga. Americus, Ga. Athens, Ga. Atlanta, Ga. Columbus, Ga. Cordele, Ga. Dawson, Ga. Fitzgerald, Ga. Macon, Ga. Millen, Ga. Savannah, Ga. Thomasville, Ga. Toccoa, Ga. Anniston, Ala. Dothan, Ala. Eufaula, Ala. Montgomery,Ala. Opelika, Ala. Troy, Ala. Pensacola, Fla. DAVISON & FARGO COTTON COMMISSION MERCHANTS AUGUSTA, - - GEORGIA. CABLE ADDRESS: “LYNDOUGH” P. O. BOX 619 MAIN OFFICE, AUGUSTA RIVERSIDE COMPRESS CO. AUGUSTA, = - - - GEORGIA AUGUSTA, GA. , :■ r ; V‘ ; '■ ' • I .' life, enfeL 1 Augusta,Ga. Plant Storage Capacity 20,000 Bales Compressed Cotton L. 6. DOUGHTY & CO. COTTON Augusta, Georgia. Spinners' W ants Supplied ||l ,j . '". ':^^£t^,'; ■jBC iilf'' •>;«*-,' „'§■ M v-\ "' *~' - ■* • COTTON COMPRESS “AUSUitA IN T3U» L. G DOUGHTY H. H. ELLISON BRANCH OFFICE, ATHENS