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SPECIAL NUMBER building and Construction Activity Unsurpassed WRICK USED BY | ANCIENT PEOPLE ■ne of the Oldest Building Ma terials Known to Civilized Mian; Its Use Dates Back to ■4009 B. C. ■ Hrick is one of the oldest building Baterials known to civilized man ■hey have been found as old as 4,000 B C., so that their use i 3 coeval Bith the birth of history, in the Biddle /.ges, with the rise of Gothic Behitecture, the use of brick greatly Bclined. It was not until the reign B Queen Elizabeth the manufacture Brain flourished in England, and it ■as not until 1025 that b.ick again Began to be made uniform size I The earliest record of a patent is- Bied by the United States patent of ■ce for brick-making is dated May B). 1800, and was for a brick and tile Biachine invented by G. Hadfield, ■esidence not recorded. Other pat ents issued about that time were, Ins to E. Miller. January 5, 1804, for I brick and tile machine; one to W. lodgson. Richmond. Va.. May 22, 805, for an apparatus for making lies, brick, etc., and one to ,1. F. lould, Newburyport, Mass., March 1, |BOO, for a brick machine. I The first patent granted for a brick liln was issued to H. Read, of Ken lingston. Pa., June 17. 1840. and the Irst for a brick dryer to S. M. Parish, If Balwinsville, N. Y., August 16, 1864. Character Changes. 9 Although the same process for mak ■ig brick and tile has been used for ■ges, toe evolution of the industry ■trough the use of improved methods ■nd machinery has brought about a ■ rent change in the character of the ■roduct. It is a long stride from the ■se of hand pick and shovel to steam ■hovel and uncovering the clay bed; Bom the old-fahioned ring tpit to the ■lachine that grinds, tempers and ■loulds; from the use of a hand mould ■o the machine with a capacity of ■OO,OOO bncks per day; from the open ■ir system, or a weather-beaten dry ■ng shed, to the utilization of artificial ■eat for drying; from the temporary ■o the patented continuous kilns, and Irom the poorly made product of ■ears ago to the firm, straightedged ■nd otherwise well finished product ■f today. if! With the settlement of any region ■he first type of clay product usually ■ emended is bricks, for structural Bvork. These have been ' made in ■early all of the southern states since ■n early date, and there has been a ■onsiderable increase in production Bince 1865. A Greater Center. I Augusta as a brick center ranks Basily among the best. Few cities Bave better advantages. Within a ra- Bius of fifty miles of the city are to Be fQtmd as rich a variety of shales. GEORGIA-CAROLINA BRICK COMPANY Howard H. Stafford, President. clays and kaolins as exist anywhere in the South, which are suitable for the manufacture of architectural terra cotta, electric and telephone conduits, tooling tiles and high clacs pottery. It is only a matter of time when such industries will be located in the Augusta district, which in addition to the raw' materials, can suuplv the fac tories with cheap fuel and electric ? ower. Aded to these are transporta tion facilities equal to any in the country. At present the district has several of the largest brick plants in the South, and there has never been a time when it was not possible to se cure the best grade of brick, get them promptly and at reasonable When the city was founded only corn man hand-made brick were produced, and Augusta even then was cous,iic uous as a distributing point, supply ing distant points and many large un dertakings with their brick and build ing materials. PLEASANTRIES OF PRISONS A Swiss prison appears to be the very place in which to spend a cheap holiday, as you have practically all you want —a comfortable cell, central heating, electricity, good food, a fair quantity of wine or beer and tobacco, and a library, says a Geneva corres pondent of the Philadelphia Record. You can learn a trade, have plenty of exercise and there is little work to do in return for all these advantages. Until a year ago at the Thorberg prison good conduct prisoners were even allowed out once a week on pa role, hut though no prisoners escaped this custom has been suppressed. Of all the Swiss prisons perhaps the jolliest is that of Kreuziingen, in the Canton of Thurgan. The inmates have weekly smoking concerts when the latest music hall songs can be heard and good music, with the result that at eveningsf the townspeople— Kreuziingen has nearly 6,000 inhabi tants—gather enviously under the prison walls and promenade in the street enjoying the free entertainment, espcially as some of the convicts have good voices. On these occasions there is no warden to prevent a conversa tion between the prisoners and their visitors across the wall, and thus the former learn the latest news. It is noticed that the prisoners are very polite when young women are present. Packets of cigarettes and other small uxuries—not on the regu lar menu—find their way over the, walls ,and this custom, though strict ly forbidden, is winked at. These These pleasant little soiree musicales are now threatend with extinction. It is only fair to the authorities to say that crime is decreasing, as the pop nation -increases in the country. BUILD WITH BRICK mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmtmmmaamßgmmmßammmm —iw———■■—ii—ih— nnwi mm' i Good from an investment standpoint. * . Makes a cool house in Summer and a warm one in Winter. Cuts out the paint bills. Makes low insurance rates. Beautiful in appearance. ) -r. Costs only a little more than frame. We manufacture both high grade common building brick; and red and buff dry pressed brick. THE HARDNESS OF WATER (From the American Magazine.) Here is a fact which is probably novel to the average man who has not spent much of his life thinking about motor speed boats. This is what we may call the hardness of the wa ter. AVhen a boat is running at speed. Water at fifty miles an hour is not the limpid liquid we are accustomed to bathe in. If you put your arm overboard from a hydroplane running at fifty miles an hour and strike a wave crest the probability is that you will break your arm or wrist, because at that speed the water has not time to give, not time even to change snapu and striking it is like striking so much metal. In the great hydraulic mining noz zles. where a stream of water under enormous head is used to wash down hill side, a swordsman in attempting to cut into one of these streams, will shatter the sword without being aide to penetrate the water. The stream is like a bar of iron. The fact that water at relative speed is so hard—- or that its intertia is so great, to he a little more accurate—is the reason why a skipping stone travels over the surface, and is the reason why a hy droplane boat slides over the surface instead of plowing its way through. The picture we must have in our minds, then, of a speed boat is that it is traveling not in water, as water, as we ordinarily understand it, but over th : surface of semi-solid, very much as a sled travels over snow. The hard ness of water at 50 miles an hour we might compare with the hardness of cheese—at rest. b IVE THE SUIL If you knew that it takes Nature ten thousand years to form a foot of soil, maybe you would have a higher opinion of Mother Earth and be more careful how you dvain your garden or field. If you saw a granary full of rat holes you would suspect a careless farmer. Rut a field left to wash away by the unchecked rush of surface water after a downpour Is fully as wasteful. The only difference is that here the waste is of plant food before it gets into the grain. If your gaVden or field is on a siope, terrace it; if on a level, plant it not in straight row’s but in circles. And in both cases tile drain it. Eor the stuff that washes away is precisely the stuff the your crops most need in order to astonish the natives by their tiniflinoss. Once gone it is expensive to replace. When you stop to think that every thing depends on the soil, clearly the soil is worth saving.—Seattle Star. SOME DETECTIVE. 'Phe constable in a small town received by post six “Rogues’ Gallery’’ photo graphs, taken in different positions, of an old offender wanted for burglary in a neighboring city. A fortnight iater the constable sent this messtage to :he city chief of police: “I have arrested five of the men, and am going after the sixth tonight.”— Exchange. TOO LATE. Are you prepared to put up that thou sand dollars into my proposition now? No. 1 gave it to my wife to go to the seashore with. Write Us for Prices. Capacity 75,000,000 Annually. FHE AUGUSTA HERALD, AUGUSTA, GA. T. J. DALY Contractor and Builder fc^-.fc'. ■'*s**&&* if The above are some of the residences built by me recently, and are acknowledged by all who have inspected them as being three of the handsomest and best built homes in this city. No contract too large for me to handle. Can refer to many of the leading business men and archi tects of the city. ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED, 604 13th Street. = * Rhone 2588**J Augusta, Georgia, U. S. A. . “AUGUSTA IN 1914"