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SPECIAL NUMBER THE AUGUSTA BAR’S INTERESTING RECORD The Augusta Bar Has An Honorable History Which Glitters With the Names of Those Who in Their Day and Time Illustrated the City, the State and the United States Gf*orge Walton signed the 1 )c<*laratlon of Independence. William Few and Abraham Baldwin signed the (Constitution of the I nited States, which it nitty he her* mentioned, was ratified by tlccgia. on January Jd. 17S8, in Augusta, tlu-n the state capital. Freeman Walker, Nicholas V\ aVe, Rob ert Walker, Robert Raymond Reid and William W. Holt were mayors of Au gusta. Charles J. Jenkins, Ebenezer Starnes, William W. Montgomery and Joseph R. Lamar became judges of the supreme ,-ourt of Georgia, and the latter subse quently an associate justice of the su preme court of the I nited fetates. George Walton. John Milledge, John Forsyth George W. Crawford, William Schley. Hernchel V. Johnson and Charles J. Jenkins were governors of Georgia. William Few, George Walton. Abra ham Baldwin. Joint Fosyth. Freeman Walker, Nicholas Ware, William H. Crawford and John >\ King became Baited Stales senators, and John bor svth. secretary of state. George W. * raw ford seeretar> of wav, and William H. Crawford, secretary *»f the treasury. The counties of Baldwin. Crawford, | Forsvth. Jenkins. Johnson, Miller. I Schley. Walker. Walton and Wave stamp \ipon the map of Georgia, the names of ; eminent Augusta lawyers; and the streets of the city answer back the stoiy ■ in Barnes, Carnes Road, Crawford, Cmn mtng. Davidson. Forsyth. Gannh!. HaJ 1 Jenkins, T.amar. Milledge, Miller. Motit gomerv, Schley. Starnes. Walkc-V, Wal ton Way, Watkins and Wilde. Not only in the sober scenes of the! court house were some of the lawyers ol the past pre-eminent. j Freeman Walk, r was the prince of I good fellows, and <s said to have been the original of that inimitable wag , Freeman l.azcnhv. <•’ |h<> “Georgia ; Scenes." Ills portrait bangs in the ] City Hall. and represents him as a ' striking!' handsome man, with an air of auiet dignity through which lurks in | his bright eve the spirit of merriment and humor. His epitaph, written by Ins , friend. Richard Henry Wilde, says: “Of cheerful temper and familiar man- | ner he was idolized by his family, j ' beloved by bis friends and t I admired by his countrymen. j \ noble monument. Many a wit abroad is acrid and sour at home: many a; thoughtless jest wounds the heart of a , friend; many a man is respected b> lu. ; countrymen for his abilities who is no j admired for himself. Richard Henry Wilde was the author, of that beautiful poem, My late m Like the Summer Rose." it was written in ; IWO, and for some tune there was .1 controversy as to whether it wete 01 gi; | mil or a plagiarism from the Greek roc' Mcaeus. The facts are that shortly after its appearance a scholar of that day translated it into Greek for the amuse ment of himself and friends, a sm * so-called critics, computing tins with the [ original charged Mr. Wilde withpugiai , j Sin The best authorities on Greek language and literature at once earn- | forward with the statement that the translation was not Greek poet is at a • but prose and mere modern Greek at that. and. further, that no fragments of Mcaeus were extant resembling .he! poem. The makiv of the translation wrote to Mr. Wilde, acknowledging him as undoubtedly the author, and express ing his repvet at the misuse made of ins Greek rendition of it. Ninetv-four years have now passed since the poem was written but it still sparkles like a diamond newly cut Its republication is always welcome, and it is here subjoined: My Life Is Like the Summer Rose. My life is like the summer rose, Thltt opens to the morning sky. And ere the shades of evening close. Is scattered on the ground to die. Yet on that rose’s humble bed. j The softest dews of night are shed. As though she wept such waste to see; But none shall drop a tear tor me Mv life is like the autumn leaf. Which trembles in the moon’s pale ray; Its hold is frail, its date is brief. Restless, —and soon to pass away. Yet when that leaf shall fall and fade. The parent tree will mourn its shade, The wind bemoan the leafless tree; But none shall breathe a sigh for me. My life is like the print which feet Have left on Tampa’s desert strand; Soon as the rising tide shall heat, Their trace will vanish from tHe sand Yet. as if grieving to efface. All vestige of the human race. Or that lone shore loud moans the sea; But none shall thus lament for me. Apart from their poetic beauty, the lines are remarkat k» for what we may call their wonderful mechanical execu :fon. Of the IfiS words, but .“J are over one syllable, and all but 1 - are pure Saxon, a most remarkable Instance of the sinewy majesty of the English lan guage. Richard Henry Wilde was truly a j many-sided man. He lose instantly on | his admission to the ha*/; served in con gress twenty years; went from Augusta to New Orleans, and there entering on an entirely different legal system. XHe civil law. the renowned code of the Ro mans. took rank with its most noted practitioners, the famous Sergeant S. •Prentiss and Judah P. Benjamin. Robert Raymond Reid also had decided ! literary ability. His tribute to his gentle! mother, while n life, and his apostrophe J to her memory are gems of eloquence- l They Vire to be found in his biography in “Bench and Bar of Georgia.” and arc well worth looking up and perusing, lie; could he humorous as Well as pathetic, j as witness his account of a dinner given him by the Florida BaV in its early days, j Wit and wine ruled the hour, one hug attorney who looked like Lucifer and drank like a Bub being particularly prominent. The grand finale is describ ed thus- "Toasts went on. One drank the judiciary, another ttie chief justice, another the memory of Julius Caesnf, another the memory of Noah, the drunk en lawyer gave the memory of departed friends, and moreover he sung ‘The Old 'aekdaw and the Young Jackdaw,’ and swore he liked no courts because they always made d d rascally decisions against him.” Tn the sober domains of the law the Augusta Bar has contributed much of Importance. Robert Watkins, assisted by his Iroth er George, complied “W ilkin** D'gest.” tbe oldest and now the rarest and most valuable of our hooks of that descrip tion. Out of this grew a duel between Robert Watkins and Governor .lame* Jackson. The governor had commanded a squadron of cavalry in the Revolution, was a terrible mnrtinent. and would brook no opposition from nnybodv. and Wat kins was equally a man of blood and Iron, always read*, to buek up his views with Powder and hall. The cause of the dif ficulty was the famous Yazoo Act which sold y o State’s western domain to :t number of'speculating land companies. A j great hub-hub ensued, an anti-Yazoo legislature was elected and Jackson ! made governor. Watkins had been di i rected to compile ‘ the laws of Georgia," and tin* governor ordered to pay him. He published in his volume the original Ya zoo Act. and also the famous Expung ing Act. which declared the original act had never been a law of Georgia and should l.e destroyed and forever held null and void. The governor contended that Watkins had not complied with bis undertaking, to publish “the laws.” but had inserted, a void act and refused to pay him. Watkins argued that tl»e> were both acts that had been passed, and it was none of bis business to discriminate be tween them as to their legal existence, that being for the courts and not a mere compiler, and stood out for his pay. One word brought on another, and the two fiery spirits soon met in a duel. The affair was conducted, according to a contemporaneous account, in the high est style of punctilio. While the seconds arranged details, the principals con versed “with great elegance and entire politeness” on general topics, just as if they were not about to kill one another. Then the seconds put tLeir men to the peg, and stated the terms of combat: You are to stand at a distance of ten paces; you are to fire fit. the word ‘Make ready, fire!’ a snap «s- a flash is to be counted a shot, etc. At the first fire both pistols went off bang! into the ground. The second was a blank. At the third. Watkins got better control of his hair-trigger, and the governor went down with an ounce ball in the Lip. He demanded another five, but the surgeons forbid it not being sure but that tbe ball bad entered tbe cavity, and be was ' ar red off the ground. Watkins assisted in this, and polite conversation was re sinned, the governor affably remarking. "D n it. Watkins, 1 thought 1 comd give vou another shot.” William H. ( Yaw ford, in conjunction with Horatio Mavbury. compiled, “Mar ian y & Crawford’s Digest,” the second of our ancient series and a work of au tLority to this day. William Schley compiled “Schley’s Di gest.” a learned work, still cited occa sionally in the courts. When the pro vince of Georgia became a state, it was deemed necessary to define how much a tlu« s’atiito law of England remained, and in 17Sl it was enacted that acts of parliament which “were usually of force” in the province on May 14th, 177(5 should remain of force in the state. But what were “usually of force” remained an i pen question, causing difficulties, and in IS;';’, the general assembly provided that “William Schley be and he is here i y appointed to arrange and digest the English statutes that are now of force in this state;”.and in 18-6 tiie work was approved and published. Mr. ScLby was also a many-sided man. Ids profound scholarship and legal learning going band in hand with entire practicality. He is prominent among the pioneers of cotton manufacturing in Richmond count.x ; was interested in IS3O in lielleview factory on Butler’s Greek, said to have been the first cotton mill In Georgia and in 18:*4 was one of the in corporators of Richmond Factory. Mo.*e than this lie labored long to build tbe Atlantic & Western, or state road, and when made goveror had the satisfaction »f signing the act authorizing that en terprise. Andrew J Miller also aided materially to establish the state road, anil was a strong friend of the Medical College of Augusta. He served in the general as sembly continuously from 1836 to his death in 1 and the legislature named a new county and erected a monument in his honor. Henry If. Gumming was the father of the Augusta Canal; studied that subject for years and never rested till he bad es tablished the legality of the project and saw the water turned in. Kncugli has been said to show the strong turn for industrial development •Town by tbe Bar. It is now some fifty-five years since 1 was admitted as an attorney at law apd solicitor in chancery, in Tennessee, the common law and equity courts being then distinct tribunals, and it is now within a few days of an even half-cen tury since T was received, on niv Tennes see licenses, at the Augusta Bar. Hon. Charles J. Jenkins, who had been at college with my father, introducing me to tbe court in the kindly fashion of that day. In that long tract of time I have seen many, very many, members of that Bar pass away. of some let me say a word. They rise before me fast and the magnitude of the subject forces me to be incomplete, Vnd brief. Ebenezer Starnes was an eminently sound lawyer, and for tbe four years he held the superior court judgeship, lias tbe record honor of tbe fewest reversals by the supreme court, only seventeen per cent. But, then, he was a Veal lawyer, and was a real judge, had neither friend nor foe when on the bench and decided with absolute impartiality. Lack of legal learning, while deplorable in a judge, is not an irreparable calamity, since the lawyers are there, one to give him all the law on one side and the other on the other, but an unfair, unjust, par tial judge is death to Mvl’ized society. The mob which, with howling and vio lence. works its will, and the unjust oc cupant of the bench who does by stealth what tbe other does openly, are alike toes to social older. \Y. AY. Holt was a judge on the order of Judge Starnes, and at the bar and among the people his memory still ling* ers in sincere respect. William R. Me Laws could examine a witness to perfection. If he had put him up. he first let him tell all he knew and then had him explain how he knew* it. who else was there, etc. If he was cross-examining, he reversed the process, and great was the laughter once when a witness who carried the case testified that he knew what he had said was so 1 ecu use Mr. Ho-and-So, who was a truthful man. had told him so. Bullying witnesses was not fashionable then, and is not legal now, it being the law that tho\ are “to he protected from Improper questions and from harsh or insulting demeanor.” (See Section 5870 of the Code of Georgia of 1910.) Any citizen whom a bullying lawyer affronts while on the witness stand has the right to appeal to the court for protection, and It is the duty of the court to give it. Richmond county lay in the Middle Circuit till IS7O. wh«n the Augusta Cir cuit was created, and James S. Hook was the last judge of the Middle Circuit before the change, and a pleasing writer he was an effective speaker and one of the most amiable of men. A devoted angler he was. also, and his exultant. ”T got him,” when he did land a big fel low*, rings cheerily still In my ears. Joseph Ganahl was the Juvenal of the Bar. His powers of satire were won derful. ami when in full play were the delight of his brother attorneys. John F. and William T. Davidson.. ' brothers, were a firm where John S. was the oratorical member: he could s ar into the blue empyrean as well as |my man T ever knew, one excepted; but \V. T was the lawyer, precise, well informed. untiring Boor fellow, lie work ed himself to death like so many bright American*, trying to do i* all at on* e. James K. and Char es W Harper was anot!**en firm of brothers, fine at com mercial law. particularly James K., and having a large clientage. iji Jj&t- '''%<■ -■ • '-v* V jtOl i. j nr f '' : G:c■' -»tt .sSßjp 358 . pPPII » V W Mr. Salem Duteher, one of the old est lawyers in Georgia, Is, as his name shows, of ihe old Dutch or Holland stock which settled New York about 1640, and is commonly called the Knickerbocker blood. His great-great great-grandfather, Barent Duteher, was u large land owner on the Hudson just above the city, and his great grandfather, William Duteher was a captain of cavalry in t!)e Continental army. Mr. D.’b father, a prominent lawyer of Albany, died while his son was an infant and the boy came to manhood in Tennessee, where he was admitted to the bar and practiced un tinl the outbreak of the war, when he entered the Confederate army, and is particularly mentioned for gallant ry and efficency" in the published re ports. At the close of the war he set tled in Augusta and has made it his home for fifty years. He has been long a prominent figure at the bar and active in legal matters. He urged a merger of the law and equity courts, and in ISS7 the Legislature authorized this, much to the improve ment of legal procedure. He has also written much in favoF of a revision of our penal code, having a special knowledge of its defects from having been solicitor general. He put forth a learned work caled "Expressions of Law and Facts, construed by the courts of Georgia,” which contains some 10,000 citations, and the idea of which has been kept up ever since in the reports of the Supreme Court of Georgia, under the heading “Words and Phrases." in conjunction with Mr. W. K. Mil ler, he long contended in the Bar As sociation t lint Richmond Superior Court should convene oftener than semi-annually, insisting that the con stitution did not inhibit more than two sessions yearly. The bar generally did not concur in this view; but it was finally determined to test the question, whereupon Mr. Duteher brought a test case in which tbe Supreme Court up- Court upheld the view entertained by Mr. Miller and himself! The decis ion is of far-reaching importance, and is only now developing its full sig nificance, shaping up to an abandon ment of the city courts as unneces sary and a re-organization of the Su perior Courts so as to allow each county to have, as often a* neces sary one court competent to try all 11. Olay Foster was line of a large family, all gone but a younger member I now as the Ixir. He could pick a Jury i with unerring skill ami was pretty cer- i tain to have Hie verdict In his pocket) when be sat down. It was in his office i that Associate Justice Lamar of the su preme court of the United States studied ' law. Many otherfe rise before me, Shews , make. Snead, Oakman, Gibson, Gardner, I Jackson, l’hinizy, Johnson, Gould, King— \ a long array. “The Knights ave dust, their good swords rust, Ttieir souls aVe with the saints we trust." In my long acquaintance with the law 1 have scon each of the three methods of selection of a judge used—appointment by the governor and confirmation by the senate: election bv the legislature: and popular election. The first is undoubted ly the best, and the latter the worst, method. As respects legislatuvs, who make laws, and executive officers, who en foree them, popular election accords with the fundamental principle of rep resentative government hut it is neither n correct nor a sensible theory that Judges should be so chosen. Wo do not manage our private affairs on tbe t rlnciple of selecting the most popular man. but the best qualified man. Sometimes the most skilful physician may he brusque and austere, and yet who but all idiot wou'd select his modi-, i n! attendant for anything but bis medi cal skill. The great function of a Judge Is. as set out in his oath of office, to “administer justice without respect to person," and "do equal rights to tha pool' uni the rich,” and to “faithfully mid Impartially discharge" all his du des. He must not fear the face of man, nor respect money, nor flinch from his diitv. to aid a friend'or hurt a foe. A hand-shaking, pledge-giving, votfe-gei ting Judge must almost of necessity come upon the bench more or less tled-up and tangled for and against people. It Is n practical impossibility for him to have the fairness and fearlessness of Sir Mat thew Hale, a jinlße In the time of Oliver Prom well, then master of England tin ier the name of Lord Protector. Tak ing up a case, he discovered that the Protector was porsonallv Interested In it and had commanded the sheriff to re- Itirn a Jury which could be relied upon ,to find in IPs favor. Turning that ccg THE AUGUSTA HERALD, AUGUSTA, GA Hon. Salem Duteher kinds of cases, thus saving largely in court expenses, lessening the burden of jury duty, and greatly simplifying litigation. As things are now, the city courts can only try some certain kinds ;of cases, while the Superior Courts can try any kind of case, and the ques | tion is why have two courts, two sets of court officers and court expenses, \ and double jury duty when one is am ! pie? i Mr. Duteher is also the author of | the dignified ceremonial now pursued j in our courts where all present rise as j the judge enters, in recognition of the ! majesty of the law, and remain stand | ing till the sheriff makes proclamation | that court is in session, when all bow I respectfully to the bench and resume their seats and the business of the day opens. In 1891 he codified the ordinances of the city council of Augusta, reduc ing to the brief compass of 119 pages a bulk of municipal legislation then extended to nearly 700, the concise ness and orderly arrangement of this j work making the model for subsequent city codes. j About the jjnie time, he was ap i pointed by council as a board to pre ; pare a new charter for the city, and { delegated by the board itself to pre pare a draft-tor it, but. owing to flie many changes made in it, over its , author’s protest, so much popular op- I position manifested itself that it was ! never submitted to vote. ! Still another reform contended for Iby Mr. D., aided by the late W. T. | Davidson. Esq., was that the oldest case should fee tried first, and, after ] much battliag, this just rule was ; adopted and.?how prevails, much to j the lessen!ngTof the law’s delays, i Mr. Duteher is still in active prac | tiee, and a year or so since was en j gaged in much litigation commonly i called the “cost cases" for the county 'of Richmond. There were eleven of i these cases nil hotly contested. The I county w’on five arid lost five and in ithe eleventh, the decision was In fa j vor of the county to the extent of half j the amount involved and against it j for half. Where the county w r on, i thousands of dollars aro annually sav ed to the tax payers; where it lost, the 1 tax payers still have to pay, but only until they see fit to demand the repeal of the special laws which impose the burden, but one case being beyond their control. i rapt jury out of doors, the brave old judge refused io try tlio rase till a fair jury hod been drawn according to law “upon which the Protector was highly ! displeased with him.” As lias been heretofore stated, it is ! ! not of a vital, over-powering importance that a Judge should be deeply learned, j it Is highly desirable, but not altogether j indispensable. The contending attorneys are there, each to advance the law on ; his side, and, thus enlightened, it is not. 1 ! as a rule, difficult for the judge to de- i termine where the right of the matter | Is. But It is indispensable that lie i ■ should decide fairly. ] There is a wide-spread and growing I belief in many parts of the United Slates ■ that judges generally do not hold up ■ well on this point, and the consequence is that popular respect falls off and the I cry of (lie Recall rises loud on the air. | It is not well that this should be so. , I-aw is the cement of society, and when respect for its administrators fails, so ’ ciety suffers most seriously. And it suf ; fers, mark you, not only in moral, but In material prosperity. Show me a land i where human life Is cheap, and 1 will show you one where everythig else Is dear. Show nte a country noted for Its strict Hdliereitce to law. and I will show you one strong and prosperous. Look at ’ France, Germany, England. Holland. The I citizen is safe there in life, person and I property. These are no new views. They are ns old as the Institution of government and inhere in the very nature of things Every lawyer worthy of the name knows them, but people generally, absorbed In the struggle for elxstence, are apt to be oblivious, and one duty of the bar Is ) to keep them alive and ever before them. The famous orator. Demosthenes, was ; an advocate as well as an orator, and in I one of his forensic addresses, delivered some -'..T00 years ago but fortunately preserved to us, thus treats the subject: rvesently, when the Court rises, every one of you sooner or later will return home, not heeding, nor troubling himself In the least. Whether a friend ot fill enemy will cross his path, whether a j small man or a mighty one a strong or n weak. Wherefore so? Because he Is I sure in his mind that the law Is Ms ! shelld, and under Its aegis none can hurt j him." But what gives ihe law Us strength? | If any man be wronged and cry out In be righted, will tiie laws run up and aid j him? No; they arc but written wurd*. and cannot do this. In what then con sists their might? In the enforcing of them; in tiie making of them effectual for the benefit of those who need them. Thus are tbe laws powerful by the peo ple. and the people by the laws. You should defend them, therefore, just tiie same as you would defend yourselves against injustice, and regard tiie wrongs of the law, by whomsoever committed, as matters of public concern; and there should be no public services, no influ ence, no contrivance, nothing whatso ever. by which a man who has trans gressed the laws can escape the penalty.” Our civil laws are generally very good, but our penal code has, for various rea sons, become in need of revision; and I regret to say that the judges of Georgia seem disinclined to lend their aid to Occupation Statistics For the 1). S. At the 13th Census, Which Was Taken in 1910, There Were 38,756,223 Persons 10 Years of Age and Over Engaged in Gainful Occupations in the United States, In cluding Alaska, Hawaii, Porto Rico, and the Military and Naval Stations Abroad. l . .. 1 . New York. At the Thirteenth Census (1910) there were 38,756,233 persons 10 years ol age and over en gaged in gainful occupations in tha United States, including Alaska, Ha waii, Porto Rico, and the military and naval staions abroad.,The gainful workers thus iormed 41.5 per cent of the total population (93,402,151) enu merated at tiiat census. These fig ures are contained in a report on oc cupation which has just been publish ed h.v Director William J.'Harris, of the Bureau of the Census Department of Commerce. The report was pre pared under the supervision of Wil liam C. Hunt, chief statistician for population. Gainful Workers in Continental U. S. In continental United States alone the gainful workers numbered 38,- 167,3;i6, wnich was 41.5 per cent of the total population (91.972.2GG) and 53.3 per cent of the population 10 years of age and over (71.580,270.) In the male population tne gainful workers numbered 30,091,564, wb.ch was G3.G per cent of all males and 81.3 of the males 10 years o; age and over. In the female population, the gainful workers numbered 8,076,772, wnich was 18.1 per cent of all females and 23.4 per cent of the females 10 years of age and over. Thus, in the total population of the United States, over two-fifths of all persons, considerably over three-fifths of all tiie males, but considerably less than one-lifth of ail the femmes were engaged in gainful occupations in 1910! and in the pop ulation 111 years of age and over, more than one-half of all persons, over four-fifths of the males, but less than one-fourth of the females, were gainfully occupied. In other words, of all persons 10 years of age and over, in 1910, more than every otaer one had a gain ul occupation; of the males, over four out of five were gainful workers, and of the females, almost out out of four was a gainful worker. The proportion of the total popu lation engaged in gainful occupations increased gradually from 34.7 per cent in 1880 to 41.5 per cent in 1910, the increase being least rapid from 1890 to 1900 and most rapid from 1900 to 1910. Of the male population the proportion engaged in gainful oc cupation increased from 57.8 per cent in 1880 to 63 3 per cent in 1910, while of tne female population, the iropor tion increased during the same period fro 10.7 per cent to 18.1 per cent. The proportion of the population 10 years of age and over engaged in gainful occupations increased from 47.3 per cent in 1880 to 53.3 per ceni in 1910, Ihe increase being least rapid from 1890 to 1900 and most rapid Ironi 1900 to 1910. In the male popu lation 10 years of age and over the proportion gainfully occupied increas ed gradually from 78.7 per cent in 1880 to 81.3 per cent in 1910, while the proportion of gainful workers in the female populat on 10 years of age and over increased from 14,7 to 23.4 per cent. Mississippi Ranked First. In the sevral states the proportion of tne population 10 years of age and over engaged in gainful occupations in 1910 ranged from 46.9 per cent in lowa to G 9 per cent in Mississippi The states having the smallest pro portion were lowa, 46.9 per cent; Kansas, 47 per cent; Nebraska, 47-7 per cent; Utah, 47.9 per cent; and Indiana, 48 per cent. The states hav ing the largest proportions were North Carolina, 60 per cent; Georgia, 61.5 per cent; Wyoming, 62.2 per cent; Nevada, 64.3 per cent; Alaba ma, 64.7 per cent; South Carolina, 67.6 per cent; and Mississippi, 68 per cent. Except in three states-—Arizo •. - v • • ' • ’ *s§*-• : ;• . \ ' ' * V ; Vm- ■ ’ 'C a ■ ——- ■ -,i„n this end. For over eighty years it has been the law that they should annually report suggestions for the emendation of our criminal laws, but they h a ve al lowed the statute to become a dead let ter. Jn 1911 I prepared a resolution which was unanimously adopted by the general assembly ' requesting each superior court judge In the state to report to the gov ernor by January Ist, till-, such de fects, omissions, or imperfections in the penal laws of this state as ills experi ence may suggest, accompanying same with any recommendation he have for tiie improvement of said laws,” and, bv enquiry of tbe executive office, learn that not one single report was sent in! All that was done was to have a sort of mass meeting of the judges, which shoved the affair off on a committee, na, Montana and North Dakota—there was an increase from 1900 to 1910 in the proportion of the population 10 years of age and over engaged in gainful occupations. The states showing the largest increases were Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Missis sippi. Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas. Agricultural Workers Lead. Practically one-third (33.2 per cent) of all gainful workers in the United States in 1910 were engaged in agri culture, forestry, and animal hus bandry. and considerably more than one-fourth (27.9 per cent) were en gaged in manufacturing and mechani cal industries. Thus over three-fifths of all gainful workers were occupied lr. these two general divisions of oc cupations. The remaining two-fifths of the workers were distributed among the other seven large classes o‘ occupations, namely, extraction of minerals, transportation, trade, public service, professional service, domes tic and personal service, and clerical occupations, no class furnishing em ployment to as many as 10 per'cent of all gainful workers. For the males as for both sexes combined, agricul ture, forestry, and animal husbandry gave employment to the largest pro portion of the gainful workers, 36.1 per cent, and manufacturing and me chanical industries ranked second, with 29 4 per cent. Domestic and personal , service was the principal field of employment for female work ers in 1910, 31.3 per cent of them be ing engaged in this branch of occu pations, as compared with -22.4 per cent in agriculture, forestry, and ani mal husbandry, and 22.5 per cent in manufacturing and mechanical indus tries. Distribution by Sex. There were 30,091,564 males engag ed in gainful occupations in continen tal United States in 1910, as compar ed with 8,075,772 females; that is, of a total of 38,167,336 persons engaged in all occupations in 1910, 78.8 per cent were males and 21.2 per cent were females. Of a total of 29,073,- 233 pei sons engaged in all occupa tions in 1910, 81.7 ier cent were males and 18.3 per cent were females. In 1910 there were employed in ag riculture. forestry, and animal hus bandry 10.851,702 males and 1,807,501 lemales; in the extraction of min erals, 963,730 males and 1,094 fe males; in manufacturing and mechan ical industries, 8,837,901 males and 1,820,980 females; in transportation, 2,531,075 males and 106,596 females; in trade, 4,146,582 males and 468,088 females; in public service, 445,733 males and 13,558 femalesj in profes sional service, 929.648 males and 733,885 females; In domestic and per sonal service, 1,241,328 males and 2,530.846 females: and in clerical oc cupations, 1,143,829 males and 593,224 females. •These figures show that in 1910 do mestic and personal service was the only general division of occupation in which the women outnumbered the men, there being in this general di vision more than t.wo women employ ed to each man. In professoinal ser vice there were four women employ ed Tor every five men, a large propor tion of the women being teachers. In clerical occupations one-third of the cersons were women; in manufac turing and mechanical industries wo men constituted one in six; in agri culture, forestry, and animal hus bandry, one in seven; and in trade one in eight of the gainful workers. Women constituted only 4 per cent of the persons engaged in transporta tion, 3 per cent of those engaged in public service, and one-tenth of 1 per cent of those engaged in the extrac tion of minerals. First Baptist Church, Augusta, Ga. "AUGUSTA IM 19U” which committee laid it away on th, shelf, where I presume it still repoS covered with dust and cob-webs. ** elf the members of the Augusta of tiie present day I need say little Th» a> t there to speak for themselves a 3 entirely capable of doing so. Quite ! hi mber of them are of the second an! sc sne even of the 3rd or 4th generation a lawyers. The younger members an more numerous than they once were an have as large a proportion of b’rirh' minds as I have ever known. Their V timate success is certain if they: Firat" study and keep studying; and ' second! stand like the rock of Gibraltar for theu clients. The attorney stands in tha place or "turn” of his client; he is the man himself, and may do all the man may honestly do “for the purpose ol maintaining the cause.” The Struggle For First ; Place Much Closer In \ Major And Minor Leagues s 1 New York. —With the close of the pro. fessional baseball season less than two months away the pennant races in both major and minor leagues are tightening 1 up in a remarkable manner when the scores of associations are considered at a whole. With a few exceptions here and there the struggles for first places are far closer than has been the rule for several years. If the claim that this is a poor financial season in baseball is correct it is certain that the charge can not be laid to one-sided flag races. In the major leagues at least six clubs have pennant chances, Philadelphia, Detroit and Washington are all in the American League race and the first four clubs in the National organization all figure as possible winners. The same situation exists in the Federal and International Leagues. The race in the Class A. organizations is also close. The Southern Association pennant struggle is one of the most in tereating in years, less than one hun dred points separating the first six clubs. In the Western League, Denver, St. Jos eph, Lincoln and Sioux City are all bundled and as season does not close until September L’7th any one of these clubs may prove the flag winner. Among the Class B leagues the average is not so close, New London has a good lead la the Eastern Association; Dayton In the Central League; Wilkes-Barre in the New York State League and Davenport in the Three I League. In the Texas League Beaumont, Houston and Waco are all in the race while Worcester, Portland, Lawrence and Lynn have a pennant chance in the New England League. The Class C. races are also proving of much interest to the baseball fans ol the respective league territories. Char leston leads the South Atlantic race with Albany having a fair chance if the lead ers slow up for any r reason. The Vir ginia contest is far closer for Norfolk, Newport News and Richmond arc closely grouped. Further north in the Wlscon sin-Illlnois League five clubs are in the flag race, there being hardly a hur.Jred points between the first and fifth teams. Bay City appears to have a safe lead in the Sputli Michigan League while Winni peg. Grand Forks and Virginia all have a chance to win out before the season closes o nLabor Day. The same can be said of Fall River. New Bedford and Pawtucket in the Colonial League while London and Ottawa are leaders in the Canadian League. A Few Facts Regarding the Different Sects London.—ln Hampstead, the Fiatbush of London, there are 1,606 women to ev ery man, whereas in Chelsea, tlie atrlsts’ quarter, 46 per cent of a dominating population of men are bachelors. On the other hand, in Kensington, Where the theatrical and vaudeville colony is lo cated, 35 per cent of the women are spinsters. 153,000 foreigners—exclusive of those naturalized—live in this city and 63,000 of them are Russians. 27,000 of London’s inhabitants are Welsh. Stepney, one of the East End bor oughs. has a foreign population of 56,000 and holds the record foe- big families, with 4.46 persons on the average in each. In Marylebone, which includes ultra fashionable Mayfair, the average is only 3.11 persons in each family. Only one-seventh of the total popula tion of London has the parliamentary vote, but. eliminating women and chil dren, every other male adult—s 4 per cent —can exercise the franchise. There is seating accommodation in London's theatres for 64,487 people and In the vaudeville halls for 76,730. The accommodation in the moving picture houses is estimated to be In excess of the above totals. The busiest spot In fashionable Picca dilly. the Broadway of London, for in one check of twelve hours, 31,335 ve hicles were counted and of these 21,613 were automobiles. WASN’T POP MEAN? She—l hear your father is very lib eral with you. He—Well, he gave me a liberal edu cation and then told me to shift for my self.