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DESCRIPTION OF FORTIFICATIONS OF EUROPE; THEATRES ’OF NATIONS Whether the Great War Now Devastating- All Europe Des tined to Last For Years, As Napoleon Predicted, or Only For a Matter of Months, is V" Hard Matter to Tell. “Watchful Waiting" London.—Whether the great wal low devastating all Europe is des tined to last for years, as Napoleon iredieted, or only for a matter of nonths, the military operations on and between England, France, Bel ;ium, Russia, Servia and >r one side, and Germany and Aus ria-Himgary on the other, will take place in three “theaters of war," the western “theater” where England, France and Belgium will meet the hordes of Germany, the eastern “thea ter” where Russia, Austria and Ger many will meet in battle, and the southern “theater," where up to now only the Servians and Austrians have been engaged, but where Russia may take a hand if her troops'get by the ■Germans. All of these war “theaters” which is how they are designated in military parlance, are hemmed in on all sides by cordons of fortifications. France, Germany and Russia have, since the Franco-Prussian war in 1870 for the most part, built strings of forts all along their frontiers. It was the Bel gian forts at Liege that gave such a shock to the Germans and caused the Kaiser's troops first pause and then lall back, leaving thousands of their dead on the field. All over Europe there are groups of such fortifications, vyliere there is bound to be desperate and sanguinary fighting. .These fortifications, classified ac cording to the nation by which they are owned, are situated as follows: France. Following the war of 1870, France constructed several groups of perma nent fortifications, parrellel to and two days march from the frontier, the Moselle group extending from Bel fort to Epinal; the Meuse group be tween Toul and Verdun; another group from Epinal to Toul. and a group extending between Longway and Montmedy. In addition to these forts, the French border in the south is closed by for tifications at Langres, Besancon and Dijon. Besides these, France has ample fortifications at Briancon, Lille, Bayonne, Brest, Donai and Grenoble. Around these forts would take place the decisive fighting of the Franco- German war, should the Germans suc ceed in defeating the French now in Alsace, *nd also get by the doughty Belgians. Should France be beaten back from the frontier, she still would have defenses at Paris, Dunkirk, Lo riegt, Cherbourg and elsewhere. \ Germany. Apparently more fearful of France than any other antagonist, Germany has concentrated most of her forti fications along the Rhine. There she has fortified Neu Breisach, Mainz, (Mblentz, Uermersheim and Strass burg. In Alsace the Germans have the fortified camp of Moleshein. In Lorraine they have the fortresses of Metz and Diedenhofen. On the east, against Russia. Ger many has the fortresses of Rosen, Konigsburg, Breslau and others. Should Germany be defeated on her frontiers, she still would have count less fortresses, including those at Co logne, Him. Magdeburg, Spandau, KuStrin, Kiel, Danzig and Neisso. Russia. On the German-Austrlan frontier, Russia has a line of fortifications at Warsaw, Rowna, Litowsky and Kowno. in addition to these, Russia has es tablished a score or more of fortified military camps along her frontier. Russia has a secondary line of for tifications extending through Vilna, Riga, Smolensk and Kiew. Besides these forts. Russia has massive de fenses at Varsaw, Odessa, Helsing fors and St. Petersburg. Austria-Hungary. The main Austrian frontier fortifi cations are at Cracow, Przemysl, Bud apest and Semlin. Also Vienna and otljer cities are strongly fortified. England. The entire coast of Great Britain is protected by fortifications, but it is scarcely within the range of possi bility that with the huge English f/eet on the sea. there will be any land fighting in the British Isles. Servia. Belgrade, the capital, is the only fortified city in Servia, but the coun try for the most part is mountainous, ayd the ridges and valleys form natu r. 1. defenses of the Balkans that would make it Hazardous for Austrians and Germans to att'tnpt to invade the country Supplementing the forts built along the frontiers of the various countries now at war, almost the whole of Eu rope is well protected by natural de fenses, mountains, rivers and valleys, iiirrow passes and defiles. The coun ts • along die French border, the east ern. oar*, o i Belgium and western Ger Croquet Sets 8 Balls, $1.50 \ Lawn Mowers, Rubber Hose Hedge Shears BOWEN BROS. 865 Broad St many is hilly and crossed by mountain chains. Three rivers and their valleys of prirbe military importance cut this hilly country, the Rhine and its wes tern tributaries, the Moselle and the Meuse on the French side and the Main in Germany. In the valleys of these rivers lie the principal lines of communication of the entire region. The Franco-German border may be considered in two parts, the southern or Alsacian frontier and border of Lorriane. The Alsatian border is formed by the Vosges mountain range, fifty miles long, crossed by seven roads passing through defiles, but the narrow nature of these passes makes their defense comparatively easy. That is the reason why both Germany ami France rushed their armies into l Alsace as soon as mobilization was begun and war declared. To the west of the valley of the Mo selle and separated frov it by the massive mountain formation of the Eiffel, is the rivar Meuse, coming trom France, and entering Relgian territory at Sedan. It flows through Liege and the Dutch province of Lim burg. v Thus there are three natural lines for any advancing army from Ger many into France, or from France into Germany, through the Trou de Belfort, the-Moselle valley near Metz or the valley of the Meuse through Holland and Belgium. All three pas sages are naturally well guarded by the rivers and mountains and easily defended. It is where the natural de fenses are weakest that ttie rival na tions have erected their chain of fir tifieations. V -the eastern “theater" of war, stretching from the Baltic Sea down to the Black Sea, comprising eastern Germany, western Russia and north eastern Hungary, is composed mainly of huge plains, cut up by big rivers and divided by the Carpathian Moun tains, forming a natural defense for Hungary against Russia. The Carpathians in their western part have an Alpine character _anc| are extremely difficult to pass by larfde bodies of troops and heavy artillery. The eastern 'part of these mountains is lower but heavily wooded. The southern of war is apaprently of secondary importance at this stage. It seems probable that the first great engagement of the war will take place in the west, between Ger many and the allies, France, England nnd Belgium. If a great battle should occur there and not bring the bel ligerents to terms, tke next decisive action probably would hike place In the east, either in Russian Poland or between Cracow- and Breslau. In all probability, Austria will remain whol COLD STORAGE Rosenthal’s Refrigerating Plant / Now Prepared to Take Care of your Perishable Goods. -r> " « Conveniently Located Terms Reasonable 13th and Market Sts. Phone 3216-W Ask For Rosenthal’s Weiners and Bolognas AT GROCERS AND MARKETS It is no Longer Necessary for You Lo Suffer Excruciating Torture While* having y*mr teeth worked upon. Posi tively without pain I can quickly and thoroughly perform the most difficult operations. Tdo only the highest class of dental work. My assistants are all thoroughly experienced and com petent, and work directly under my personal super vision. PRICES My prices are just about one-half that charged bv other first class Dentists. ALL WORK POSITIVELY WITHOUT PAIN. Fillings in Gold, Platinum, Porcelain and Silver and SI.OO Gold Inlay and Por celain Crowns, TERMS will he arranged to suit vour convenience. DR. WHITLAW, Painless Dentist Largest, Finest, Beet Equipped Offices in South. 842 Broad Street. Office Hours: Ba.m. to 7p. m. daily. 10 a. m. to 2p. m. Sundays. ly on the definsive, and the fate of the combatants in the southern “theater" be decided by the fighting on the west and east. ITALIANS IN ENGLAND. London, 4:50 p. m.—Enthusiastic suport of Great Britain and a desire to join the foreign legiin were ex pressed at a mass meeting of Italians Saturday afternoon. A group of Garl baldian veterans In red coats and caps occupied the place of honor on a plat form where also were many veterans of the Austro-Itallan war of lstiti. FLORIDA EXCURSION —-—via GEORGIA & FLORIDA RY. SEPTEMBER 15th. Phone 709 for further information. We are glad to announce that within about ten days the Hansberger Phar gnaey will have on sale the famous Bheron’s Candies. IF you have something that is intended for your eyes only, put it in one of our Safe Deposit Boxes Fire cannot reach it—burglars cannot get it and you will have absolute privacy because all our Safe Deposit Boxes are fitted with Yale Locks which cannot be opened unless you help. These locks ha\ r e double mechanism that requires two different keys to unlock. You have one key and we hold the other—and both must be used at the same time or the box cannot be opened. . - - p ■■ M Crown and Bridge Work, $4.00 per Tooth up. THE AUGUSTA HERALD. AUGUSTA, GA. GARDEN HOSE Large shipment of Garden Hose just re ceived direct from faetorv. Hose Reels, Hose Pipes, Large assortment Lawn Sprinklers. THEO. G. McAULIFFE 115 Jackson Street. UNION SAVINGS BANK Comer Broad and Eighth Streets, Depository United States Court, Northeastern Division South ern District of Georgia. %. ■'>* * p. , BLANCHARD & CO, UNDERTAKERS & EMBALMERS 1368 Broad Street. Phone 3138, Efficient Service Guaranteed Good Roads for Telephone Talk nnHE good roads movement has not been confined to the * highways. The Bell Telephone system has covered the country with “good roads” for telephone talk, reaching every nook and cor ner. There are more than 12,000,000 miles of these “good roads” in the Bell system. Some of them are strung in single pairs or in aerial cables from pole to pole; others are hidden away in underground conduits; they reach the heart of each industrial and commercial center of the nation and to the most remote habitations. These “good telephone roads” of the Bell system, all oper ated by one system, under one policy, forming one continuous system of intercommunication, connect more than 7,500,000 telephones for universal service. Big Drop in Pianos and Player Prices Now is your time to buy a Piano. You have been waiting and looking for bargains and this Ih your opportunity. High grade new and u*ed Pianos 1-3 to 1-2 off. We have more pianos and Players in store than we»need, and more on the way, and have received instructions from the various manufacturers we repre sent to cut prices and reduce stock. World’s Choice Pianos For Little Money $350 Reliable Rradley, dark mahogany, new ~sl2B $375 Prescott, figured, mahopeni, new $l4B S3OO Mason, carved V' . >gany, new $123 S3OO Conservatory, mahogany, used $96 $375 Harvard, carved mahogany, used ~ ...$195 $350 Bradley & Co., dark mahogany $l4B $350 Bradley & Co., dark mahogany, carved $l5B $450 Beautiful Bailey, Cir. Walnut, new $248 $350 Electric Piano, Oak Mission, used $385 SBOO Electric Piano, dark oak, used $250 SSOO Gordon & Son, Cir. Walnut $285 $450 Gordon & Son, Figured Mahogany $270 $550 Kranich & Bach, Figured Mahogany $325 $350 Stodard, Figured Mahoguny, used $155 $350 Kingsbury, oak case, used $95 S4OO Kingsbury, Mahogany, used $l5B $450 Haddorff, Mahogany . ..$325 S6OO Newton Player, mahogany $295 Do not handicap your home and children by denying them a Piano; give them an equal chance in life with your neighbors. Secure one of these great bargains and have music and happiness in your home circle. You can make a first payment of as much as you wish and arrange terms for balance. Play while you pay. We have many other good bargains in fine Pianos and Players of leading makes. Our liberal guarantee goes with each sale, also the Manufacturers’ warranty. Store open evenings during this sale. All Pianos and Players marked in plain figures. Organs, sls, $25, S4O, SSO. A. A. Thomas Piano Co. No. 639 BROAD STREET. AUGUSTA, GEORGIA Formerly of Thomas St Barton Co. COAL AND WOOD We are the only Coal and Wood deal ers in Augusta whose sales slips are good for votes in M. & M. Contest. B. A. DIAL Phone 25 J and 2701. 639 11th street. SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY THREE i|a|