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FOUR Bigger Demand For American Cotton Reported ORIENT COTTON BUYING AT ’FRISCO BREAKS RECORD Purchases Seem Limited Onlv by Ve»- *el Space. San Francisco, Cal. —Japanese and Chinese manufacturers are buying cot ton here aa never before and tbe quan tity they seem willing to purchase Is measured only by the amount of vessel space they can engage. Their mills are reported running to capacity. The price they pay, however, is 8 cents per pound, while it ia estimated that it coats between 9 3-8 to 9 5-8 cents per pound to produce cotton. Csermany Is understood tb be bidding from 18 to 20 cents, with practically no orders be ing filled, and her own stock near the vanishing points Cotton acreage in California only re cently has been developed, and It Is generally believed that It will be re duced next year. Cotton Outlook ia Much More Hopeful. Experts view Range of Price* With Satisfaction.— Think Cotton Ex . change Trading Helps.—Price Better Than Predicted.—Southern Men Mol lified, but Want Government Aid.— May Be Troublesome In Congreae.— Outlook for Larger Consumption. (New York Commercial.) (From Our own Correspondent.) Washington, D. C- — The reopening of the New York Cotton Exchange and Ihe resumption of cotton trading else where has undoubtedly caused a great deal of satisfaction In political circles. This, of course, Is a marked change from the days when cotton exchange operations were regarded as of doubt ful moral and commercial status and when “cotton exchange legislation” was the order of the day. It, how ever. represents the prevailing point of vtow, for there is an unmistakable feeling that the resumption of tracing is having a distinct effect in raising the price of cotton above the level that had been expected. Anything that will put cotton to something over n normal figure Is considered whole some Just at present Price of Cotton. Thn fact that much of the bullness on the Exchange has been done at prices ranting from 7c to 7t4c Is plain ly taken as a very good argury for tho future. The cotton pool managers based their operations on sn assumed lending power of 8c per pound for cot ton. In reality this was equivalent to 4tyc, because the actual lenders of the cash were safeguarded to the ex- I tent Of an additional margin bf l-4e, which with nn assumed value of 8c left only me a si he baala on which money was to he furnished To have cotton go from 1c to 1 >4*c higher than the rtc limit means that the proposed advances arc safe beyond any question, so that there need be no worry or hesitation si to the security afforded those who are willing to put up thr necessary rail), ao long as the price on lit© Ex change remains what it is today. In view of the circumstance that sales at (C’and 5V4c have occurred nt some points in the South during tho su spension, tho 7Mic rate syetns to many almost Ideal as compared with what might have been, at»U is currently spoken of, as a great demonstration of what the exchanges can do. Views of Southern Men. The fact remains and la recognized hero that all this says nothing as to what Southern representatives will say or do when Congress reassembles. They talked, during the latter days of last session, of a ltWcent level ns tho proper one to its established by the action of the government, ami there was almost continuous demand for some action that would furnish rush on a footing of certainly not legs than 8 cents. The prevailing view among cotton farmers i« Indeed, Mint about 8 to 10 centp Is. p lore cost of production price, which must be realised In order to cover actual b.itluv ■' Incurred In rais ing the crop. For these reasons It la fully expected that the re opening of the session will witness s renewed de mand on the part of rotter man for some action based on 8 or Id cents ns the sbsuluto mint ) um tlmt the planter can think of allowing himself to ac cept. Some evidences are apparent of an attempt to establish the existence of combination to hi ep prices down, first on the part of English spinners and more recently on Ihe part iff American mill men. There is, thus far. not Ihe least support for any such claim so far as can be learned, and it Is likely that the statements on that score will ha mere assertions or will at most come altnplv to a I’oneresslonsl "in vastigatloii" of the familiar variety. Call for Aid Still Strong. Although there has been some abate ment of the more ultra of the amounts for governmanl intervention in tha cotton market, the outcry for assist ance of one sort or another is stilt strong. The cotton warehouse plsn and the Insistence upon huge govern ment deposits In Southern banka in the cotton states are the two features of the policy that are now moat urgent ly voiced Representative Henry's measure for the deposit of government funds in the Southern banks has a privileged position on the calendar of the house, and It will probably be next to Imposall'la to prevent a discussion of the subject unless there should ha tome large deposits In the South mean while. Apparently there Is a atrong prevailing impreselon that such de posits will be mads but as yet abso lutely no announcement haa been made. Impressions to tha contrary notwith standing, aven If it had been. Ihe ques tion would remain at what rate of in terest loans would be provided. There Is a prevailing view turning many of the Southern bankers that loans havs already been extended almost freely enough, unleaa what is desired is to afford funds for the purpose of car rying over a large part of the crop in the expectation of higher prices This is not an operation that would he like ly to help the planter much, it la said, as it la the broker. Investor or specu lator who wants to get means for car rying the cotton Future Prospect Good. The real relief to the cotton grower is now looked for in Improved condi tions of consumption, and these are now believed to he promising. It ts asearted that purchases will grow mom thlg time on in the New England reg ion, mill men having show n a distinct Increase in disposition to buy As for the English spinners their supply Is reported to ba much lower, while con sumption of cotton goods will necessi tate greater activity in the spinning region and hence large pureAtnso*. While cotton under present conditions cannot regain Its former price every ei.on, the situation la regarded by ex perta aa entirely hopeful, barring un looked-for developments abroad. Bureau to Give Insurance—Private Underwriters Adhert. to Former Posi tion. Three Steamers to Take Cargos! to Berlin.—State Department Give- Ae suranoes That Vessels Win Not Be Detained by England Government War Rlak Bureau to Insure Cotton.— Arrangements have been perfected whereby the movement of cotton to Germany has been assured Tbe follow ing developments in the situation were learned yesterday: The War Risk Bureau of the Treas ury Department has announced It* willingness to accept war rl*k in surance on ships and cargoes of cotton hound to Bremen. The steamer Greenbrier whioh has Just been given AmrSican reg istry and sold to the Coast Steam ship Company, will take a cargo of cotton from Savannah to Bremen, as 111 tig about December Ist. The American Cotton I.lnc has an nounced that the steajner Carolyn will arrive nt Savannah late next week and load a full cargo of cot ton for Bremen, sailing about Nov. HOth, while the ateamer Berwlnd Is to sal] on December 6th. In the case of the Berwlnd the destination has not been definitely fixed, but will be either Rotterdam or Bremen. The State Department h»« given assurance* that England will not hold op American ships with car goes of cotton to Germany. After many difficulties the exportation of cotton to Germany has been ar ranged J. H. Oans, of the Gans Steam ship Co., who, with Henry Nnnnlnga & Co, of Savannah will act an agents far ihe American Cotton I.lne, yester day stated to a representative of The Journal of Commerce that the War Risk Bureau will accept all Insurance offered them on cotton exports to Germany. “All this talk that Insurance cannot be secured on cotton to Germ.my la In correct,'’ said Mr. Gan* “I was in Washington this week and was told that I the bureau would take nil war risks on American ships. In addition to that 1 received assurance from the State De partment that England would not hold up American ships with cargoes of cot ton to Germany." Mr. Guns staled that several private underwriters had also agreed to accept war risk insurance on cotton to Ger many. hut that those underwriters with British affiliations were still refraining from taking such business. The American steamer Carolvn was chartered last week to take a cargo of cotton to Bremen from Havanriah. Mr. Oans said yeslerday that the Carolyn would tie ready to load the latte*- part of next week arid would gel away from Savannah by the end of the month. The Carolyn Is to be followed hy the eteam er Greenbrier, which haa Just been given American registry. The Greenbrier, formerly a British boat, was In the service of the Unit ed Fruit Company for many years. Ap plication for American registry tout made Inst month, but It Is understood that the final details, placing the vessel under the American flag, were not com pleted until yesterday The Coast Steam ship Company Is the purchaser of the Greenbrier. Reports from Germany have been to the effect that cotton landed at Bre men was worth 21 cents a pound, while the prevailing figure here is 7'4 cents a pound A prominent forwarder eald yesterday that cotton freight* were rul ing around $1.60 per hundred pounds, Hg»tn»l 20 to 30 cent* per hundred pound* nt this time lasi year. The high freight rate le attributed to the coet of steamers. It being reported that the uwiters of the Carolyn were to be paid at the rate of $20,000 a month for the vessel. Questioned whether reports were true that stearne.rs could not safely make th* voyage to Bremen due to the removal of aids to navigation In the ItarlxW ap proaches and the presence of mines, Mr. Gnus eald "The la*t steamer with cot ion from Savannah to Bremen—the Nor wegian steamer Aurora—reached Bremen six weeks after the declaration of war and after being examined by the Brit ish authorities at Dover, the Aurora was allowed to proceed to Bremen, whete she landed her cargo safely. The Aurora lias since arrived at Chrlstlansand from Bremen." KorNgome time shipper* of cotton have been endeavoring to secure war risk ln surunce on exports to Germany In an effort to fill orders from Germany, but the underwriters have been adhering to their ftist statement that a declaration roiii England indicating that shipments of cotton would not be held up must be first secured befora they would consent to accept war risk tneuranc# The cotton shippers pointed out that England had not Included cotton In .Ither list of contraband and that th« State Department had gone on record in announcing that It "perceived no legal oi stncles towards the Insurance of cot ton m Germany," but the underwriters refused to accept this statement a« final. GERMANY AND AUSTRIA WANT AMERICAN COTTON BADLY. Miy Uta Schoonara In Cotton Trada. — tiaimar Ownara Oamand High Prlcaa for Chartara.— Shipping Intareata Fig uring on the Uae of Sailing Vaaaala to Taka Cotton to Germany.—War Rlak Bureau Willing to Taka Inaurance.— Coverage With German Coa. The difficulty of aeeurlng ateam ton nage combined with the urgent demand from Germany for ootton haa diverted attention In the paet few daya to the uae of aalllng vaaaela In the tranaatlantlo tr *ha certainty that the War Rlak Bu reau of the Treasury Department will accept all tnauranoe on cotton car* or a to Uremen haa attmulated demand for Am erican veaeela to carry cotton to Ger many, hut effnrta to aecura American ateamera for l.lecetnhar and January loading have not been aucccaaful due to the ht*h rates demanded hy owners A large number of ateamera owned hy American companies have been charter ed out In the past two months to carry general cargoes to Scandinavia and Italy while several large veaeela of the Amertran-HnwaJlan Une are taking coal to South America This chartering haa removed preatloslly all the boats avail able for the transportation of cotton to Germany unless shippers were wilting to pav the high rales demanded for steam ers emptoyed In the rgular services of Amrtcan I'nes. In ordrt to secure some advantage of the high price that cotton ta now com manding In Germany owners of salt ton nage have been reuursted to charter tlictr veaeela out and It was learned yesterday that at last three schooners Will soon be charatered for th# cotton trade and mors charters of the earn# nature will follow. It la declared that at the present time aalllng vessels will have the advantage over ateamera in taking cotton to Ger many A factor In th» chartering of the schooners yesterday discussed the situation aa follows •T understand that the shipping peo ple who are p anning to put several steamers on the berth for cotton to Ger many are to charge from $1.75 to $2 per hundred pounds, while with the uae of aalllng vessels the rats can be low ered to $1 per one hundred pounds. "Steamers leaving this country for Germany will he forced to carry suffi cient coal for the return trip, therefore the osrgn apace la diminished to the ex tent of at least *OO tons Ths cost of American steamers for the cotton trade te very high end owners will only let thetr steamers out on a time )>aals "It ta due to this atata of affairs that 1 have looked Into the matter of using American arhoonet > to cam cotton to Germany, There ta no doubt that sail ing vessels of the fore and aft type can make the voyage acmes In twenty-five daya. especially when leaving Savannah where the benefits of the Gulf Stream THE AUGUSTA HERALD, AUGUSTA, GA. oan be qulokly used, while the voyag* from Galveston would be somewhat longer. Thus we will he enabled to secure schooners for the transatlantic trade at a very low rate, so that we will be in a Position to offer shipper* a rate of one cent a pound on cotton to Germany. “As to the matter of securing war risk Insurance. I have been advised that the War Risk Bureau at Washington will accept Insurance on sailing vessels as well as steamers “The hardest proposition In connec tion with the use of schooners will be ,he difficulty In securing crews. I have found few cat tains willing to take the voyage to the English channel, fearing danger from m'nes, but this matter will be remedied "With the sailing vessels taking full cargoes of cotton to Germany, good re turn cargoes are assured. The demand for dyestuffs, sugar beet, seed and pot ash will furnish good return freights." Inquiry among Insurance underwriters Indicated that they would not be strong ly Inclined to accept marine Insurance on either hulls or cargoes of cotton sent hy schooner across the Atlantic, It be ing declared that loss from water dam age would be extensive. It was pointed out, however, that the Inability to secure marine Insurance here would not deter the dispatching of the vessels, as the consignees In Germany could arrange to Insure the hulls and cargoes with Ger man Insurance companies. The schooners for which chartering negotiations are now being completed, will have a carrying capacity of 6,000 to B.ooft bales of cotton. The Austrian Ambassador, Dr. Dum ba. said that Austria would require Am erican cotton, and would purehaae to the extent of $60,000,000. would require considerable tonnage, and In this direc tion It Is said that sailing vessels cah be sued to advantage. lIIEIN 11. 5. m DOCS, ‘RESULT STUDY American Navy Officers Have Watched Deadly Work of European Gonflict---No De velopments. Washington, D. C.— While Ameri can navy officers have watched with critical eyes the deadly work of tor pedoes fired from submarines and of contact mines in the European war, nothing has developed as yet which indicates any radical change in Irat llcshjp construction to offer greater defense against underwater attacks. The problems presented are not new. 8 hey have been studied by naval con structors of every power since the Russlan-Japanese war when many fine ships fell victim to mines and torpedos. Proposals of many sorts have been discussed. Some have been adopted; but the theory of warship building still clings to concentration of offensive power in terms of larger .guns, bigger and swifter ships and wider cruising radius, even at the ex pense of defensive armor. The heavy losses sustained by the British navy by submarine attacks has brought up for renewed discussion the subject of armoring the bottoms of warcraft. Recent Issues of English nervlce Journals havs noted a plan to rover the entire bottom of a battle ship with four Inches of armor plating. II was urged that th* experiment he tried with an old ship which should be subjected to actual test with ths explosion against her hull of the most powerful modern torpedos. The ship also would be driven Into oontact mines of various types to determine their ef fect, It was said. Four Inch Armor. American naval experts believe ther* Is little doubt of the result. They say four Inches of armor would resist any known torpedo or mlnj successfully. To equip a ship In that way, however, the enormous weight of the armor would require a reduction In weight elsewhere and the only way It could he accomplished would be to reduce the Blze and number of grins, the thickness of surface armor, the weight of engines and coal capacity and be cause of thla last, the else of the ships themselves. With armored bottoms battleships would become elow, heavy i vessels of small cruising radius and I their usefulness as Instruments with which to strike swift, terrible blows at distant points before word of their coming had gone out, wonld vanish. ! Cruisers and swift merchant vessels would lake care only to keep out of range of their guns The terrific power of the modem dreadnaught would be a thing of the past. Protection. It I* not impossible, however, that some degree of protection for the bot toms of battle craft will bs considered in future. Heretofore constructors have relied almost wholly upon In creasing numbers of watertight com partments to keep torpedoed ships afloat. The loss of the British bat tleship Attdacloua. one of the moat modern fighting machine* in the world, has shed new light on the subject. De tails of that disaster are lacking but many believe the Audaclou* ran into a mine Which sent her to the bottom. Her compartments kept her afloat un til her crew was rescued; but one by one they gave away under the increas ing pressure of the water and finally she went down. Navy officers are unwilling as yet to predict what effect on naval con struction that will have. They aay it !is a question of balance between of | fens* and defense In battleship con -1 structlon and th* old axlon that the i greatest defense lies In the htgheet ! capacity for offensive work at 111 holds good. It appears certain, however, that | in planning new ships, th* eubject of armored bottom, or at least partial ar ! n’or for the midahipa section* of th* bottom, will be carefully weighed. ARMY FOOTBALL SQUAD OF 52 ON WAY FOR * MATCH" Weit Point, N. Y.—-The army foot ball turn loft here today for Phila delphia for tho annual game with tho navy tomorrow, In tha party baaldo th” f>: cadets comprising the football squad wore Lieutenant Charles IX Daly, head coach, and hi* assistants Before leavlnc the coaches Rave the namaa of the players in the flrat string of substitutes. The composition of the team which will start the contest al ready has been announced. The battalion of cadets cave the team a rousing send-off on its depar ture. Most Beautiful Girl in California I ,;X, MISS CLARICE URE. San Francisco, Cal. —Miss Clarice Ure, 18, brown-eyed and with hair the color ot gold, has Just been pronounced the most beautiful girl in California. She was selected by Jules Guerin, the American painter, who is the director of color of the Panama-Pacific exposition, as the prize winner of a molded golden apple, tho, beauty prize offered by the Califor nia Apple Show. Mayor Rolph of San Francisco presented the apple to Miss Ure. Over 600 girls from all parts of California were entered in the contest. Miss Ure is a native of San Francisco, where she lives with her parents. She is an accomplished pianist and an artist. Dameßumor and Sports of 1915 Dame Rumor certainly has been a busy dame since the baseball season closed a few weeks ago. Here are some of the deals and shifts she has figured in: There will be peace in the baseball world. Ira Thomas will manake the Yanke. Weeghman will buy the Cubß. The Jersey City franchise In the In ternational League will be transferred to Syracuse, N. Y. Eddie Plank has been signed by the Yankees. Eddie Plank has signed with the Chicago Feds. The Ward family, of Brooklyn, will buy the Yankees. Phillies, the Jersey City club and probably the Staute of Liberty. Connie Mack will become president of the Athletics. Connte Mack will quit baseball. Hugh Jennings will be fined SI,OOO for some sort of breach of faith. Frank Farrell will be ousted from the Yankees. Miller Huggins will be fired as man ager of the Cardinals and will manage the Reds. Waivers are to be asked on Jack Lapp and Ira Thomas of the Ath letic*. Eddie Collins will manage the Yan kees. Prank Baker will be sold or traded. Larry Jajole will be released. The Feds will Invade Cleveland, Cincinnati. Philadelphia, Detroit. Washington, Toronto and possibly Belgium. An International League team will be placed In Brooklyn. The Brooklyn Dodgers are to ba sold. Charlie Murphy will be on his old Job as president of the Cubs. Chief Bender will play with Cleve land. Harry Davis will manage the Ath letics. Mika Donlon will manage the Yan kees. Jack Dunn also will manage the Yankees. If peace is declared Fielder Jones will do the thing. Roger Feckinpaugh also will man age the Yankees. John Ganael surely will be the next Yankee manager. The Baltimore Internationals will be transferred to Richmond. V*. Fred Clarke will not manage the Y inkees next year. The Cardinals will be sold. Jim Jaffneyy will sell his Boston team. Jaffnev will buy the Yankees. All salaries in the big minor league clubs will be cut J 5 per cent. Th# minor leagues will break loose from organiaed baseball. Hank O’Day will be cann#d. Ditto for Joe Birmingham. The same thin* for Charley Heritor. Ping Bodte has Jumped to the Fere. Grover Alexander has Jumped to the Feds. Wilbert Robinson wilt qutt thf man aging of the Dodgers and will manage a Federal League club. WlUte Mitchell, of the Naps, has Jumped to the Feds. Catcher Whallnr. of the Cubs, has Jumped to the Fede. The Federal League will not re- mime business at the old stand—or any other stand—next season. Garry Herrmann yearns for peace. General Joffre has Jumped to th© Feds. (P. S.—-More upon request). At The Grand PRIMROSE AND WILSON’S George Primrose, who is appearing again this season with his old part ner, George Wilson, declares that he learned to dance when he was little more than a boy and a telegraph op erator in a suburban railway station. “I think I began it involuntarily,” says Mr. Primrose. "I would hear the keys a-clicklng and subconsciously I would duplicate the ticking with my feet on the floor. When I first no ticed myself doing this I was using my right foot entirely for this pedal teleg raphy, when I proceeded to educate my left foot along the same lines, with out having any idea at that time of becoming a dancer. Of course, all this was done while I was Bitting at my desk. “Then I got to doing it when I walked about the office. It developed the muscles of my feet wonderfully and almost before I knew It I was dancing telegraph messages all over the place. The rhythm of the ticker Is not vast ly different from musical rhythm when you come to analyze it." Mr. Primrose's “educated feet” have been his fortune. They have given him the name the world over as “America’s most graceful dancer.” They have been his means of livelihood for nearly 40 years. He has never had a corn, a bunion, a callous or the slightest trou ble of any kind with his feet, which, he says, is due to the fact that he always kept his pedal extremities In action and always wore one kind of shoes. AltlMugh It Is many years since he was a telegraph operator Mr. Prim rose is still able to send or receive a clicked message as adeptly a* the most expert operator, and he still composes and executes telegraph mes sages with his feet when practicing about the theater. Primrose and Wilson’* minstrel* will be seen at the Grand tomorrow, mat inee and evening. THE TRAIL OF THE LODEBOME PINE." Eugene Walter'* dramatization of “The Trail of the Lonesome Pine." which cornea to the Grand next Fri day, matinee and evening, with Elea nor Montell In the role of June, will surely charm you. for all who have read John Fox, Jr.'s, delightful atory of the Virginia hills found Jane a most fascinating hook heroine. Miss Montell lends to the character of June a winsotneness that adds to the prim itiveness of the wild mountain girl who has mad* an Idol of the solitary pine far up the mountainside and around which the story of the play mores. Do your Christmas shop ping early and avoid tha rush* There's no time like the present. It will pay to say "I saw it in The Herald.” EIIM Will SHfIT TEIS COWS THRONE FLEECY STAPLE MUST PAY RANSOM INTO THE COF FERS OF WAR. Nation Rings With Cries of Stricken Industry. By Peter Radford. Lecturer Nations] Fanners' Union. King Cotton has suffered more from the European war than any other agricultural product on the American continent. The shells of the belligerents have bursted over his throne, frightening his subjects and shattering his mark ets, and, panic-stricken, the na tion cries out “God save the king.” People from every walk of life have contributed their mite to ward rescue work. Society ha 3 danced before the king; milady has decreed that the family ward robe shall contain only cotton goods; the press has plead with the public to “buy a bale”; bank ers have been formulating hold ing plans; congress and legisla tive bodies have deliberated over relief measures; statesmen and writers have grown eloquent ex pounding the inalienable rights of “His Majesty” and presenting schemes for preserving the finan cial integrity of the stricken staple, but the sword of Europe has proved mightier than the pen of America in fixing value upon this product of the sunny south. Prices have been bayoneted, val ues riddled and markets decimat ed by the battling hosts of the eastern hemisphere until the American farmer has suffered a war loss of $400,000,000, and a bale of cotton brave enough to enter an European port must pav a ransom of half its value or go to prison until the war is over. Hope of the Future Lies in Co operation. The Farmers’ Union, through the cplumns of the press, wants to thank the American people for the friendship, sympathy and as sistance given the cotton farm ers in the hour of distress and to direct attention to co-operative methods necessary to permanent ly assist the marketing of ail farm products. The present emergency pre sents as grave a situation as ever confronted the American farmer and from the viewpoint of the producer, would seem to justify extraordinary relief measures, even to the point of bending the constitution and straining busi ness rules in order to lift a por tion of the burden off the backs of the farmer, for unless some thing is done to check the inva sion of the war forces upon the cotton fields, the pathway of the European pestilence on this con tinent will be strewn with mort gaged homes and famine and poverty will xtalk over the south land, filling the highways of in dustry with refugees "and the bankruptcy court with prisoners. All calamities teach us lessons and the present crisis serves to illuminate the frailties of our marketing methods and the weak ness of our credit system, and out of the financial anguish and travail of the cotton farmer will come a volume of discussion and a mass of suggestions and finally a solution of this, the biggest problem in the economic life ofl America, if, indeed, we have not already laid the foundation for at least temporary relief. More Pharoahs Needed in Agriculture. Farm products have no credit and perhaps can never have on a permanent and satisfactory basis unless we build warehouses, cold storage plants, elevators, etc., for without storage and credit facili ties, the south is compelled to dump its crop on the.market at harvest time. The Farmers* Unions in the cotton producing states have for the past ten years persistently advocated the con struction of storage facilities. We have built during this period 2.000 warehouses with a capacity of approximately 4,000,000 bales -ind looking backward the result? The remarkable damage wrought by- German automobile torpedoes on the British navy has excited widespread Interest In this silent destroyer. In a very complete article on the torpedo in warfare by a technical expert in a special war Issue of the Scientific American, the writer gives the follow ing interesting description of the fir ing of this submarine foe; In the present stage of its devel opment there are three methods by whleh the automobile torpedo Is start ed on Its destructive flight First, it may be discharged through the side of a battleship or cruiser at a depth of from twelve to fifteen feet below the surface of the water from a tube contained within the hull of the vessel; second, it may be discharged from a launching tuba n>—-ted on the deck of FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 27. would seem encouraging, but looking forward, we are able ta house less than one-third of tha crop and warehouses without a credit system lose 90 per cent of their usefulness. The problem i* a gigantic one—too great for the farmer to solve unaided. He must have the assistance of the bank er, the merchant and the govern ment. In production we have reached the high water mark of perfection in the world’s history, but our marketing methods are most! primitive. In the dawn of his tory we find agriculture plowing with a forked stick but with at system of warehouses under gov ernmental supervision that made the Egyptians the marvel of civ-t ilization, for who has not ad mired the vision of Joseph and applauded the wisdom of Pharoah for storing the surplus until de manded by the consumer, but it* this age we have too many Jo sephs who dream and not enoug'rf Pharoahs who built!. RAILROADS APPEAL TOPRESIDENT The Common Carriers Ask for Relief—President Wilson Di rects Attention of Public to Their Needs. The committee of railroad ex ecutives, headed by Mr. Frank Trumbull, representing thirty five of the leading railroad sys tems of the nation, recently pre sented to President Wilson a memorandum briefly reviewing the difficulties now confronting the railroads of the country and asking for the co-operation of the governmental authorities and tho public in supporting railroad credits and recognizing an emer gency which requires that tha railroads be given additional rev enues. The memorandum recites that the European war has resulted in general depression of business on the American continent and in the dislocation of credits at home and abroad. With revenues de creasing and interest rates in creasing the transportation sys tems of the country face a most serious crisis and the memoran dum is a strong presentation of the candle burning at both ends and the perils that must ultimate ly attend such a conflagration when the flames meet is apparent to all. In their general discussion the railroad representatives say in part: “By reason of legisla tion and regulation by the Fed eral Government and the forty eight states acting independently of each other, as well as through the action of a strong public opin ion, railroad expenses in recent years have vastly increased. Nc( criticism is here made of the gen eral theory of governmental regu lation, but on tbe other hand, no ingenuity can relieve the carriers of expenses created thereby.* President Wilson, in transmit ting the memorandum of tbs rail road presidents to the public, characterizes it as "a lucid state ment of plain truth.’' The Pres ident recognizing the emergency as extraordinary, continuing, said in part: “You ask me to call the atten tion of the country to the imper ative need that railway credits be sustained and the railroads helped in every possible way, whether by private co-operative effort or by the action, wherever feasible of governmental agencies and I am glad to do so because I think the need very real.” The conference was certainly a fortunate one for the nation and the President is to be congratu lated for opening the gate to a new world of effort in which everyone may co-operate. There are many important problems in our complex civili zation that will yield to co-opera tion which will not lend them selves to arbitrary rulings of commissions and financing rail soads is one of them. The man with the money is a factor that cannot be eliminated from any business transaction, and the public is an interested party that should always.be consulted and happily the President has invited all to participate in the solution of our railroad problems. a destroyer; and third, It may b« dis charged from the nose of a submarine It la the secrecy and Invisibility o| torpedo attack which Invests It wttl such deadly moral and physical effect and for this reason submarine tor peel» attack is far more effective, both li Its ability to get home upon the eneni] and In Its disconcerting effect upoi the morale, than whe nit Is delivers from a battleship or cruiser, or fron the swift torpedo boat or destroyer Broadly speaking, the torpedo tuht fitted In the larger ships <an h< brought tnto use only in the latei phases of a hard-fought engagement, when the enemy’s gunfire has been eb leneed or greatly reduced, and his ship, have been so badly cut up that thd have lost their maneuvering powei and it is possible for the enemy t draw in within easy torpedo range-