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SUNDAY, MAT z\.
Our Country—By Our President
A DEMORALIZED CIVIL
SERVICE
It was bad enough that the federal
offices should be emptied wholesale upon
a change of parties in the administra
tion to make room for the partisans of
the successful leaders, as they had been
when Mr. Lincoln came to the presi
dency,—as they had been at every
change of parties since General Jack
son’s day; but that had at least given
strengthen and solidify the administra
and matte the President in some sort
master in the counsels of his party.
Now a new and sinister sign was add
ed that the official patronage of the
government was to be used, not to
strengthen and solidity the administra
tion, but to give secure political pow
er to local managers who were to be
permitted to dictate ot the President
whom he should appoint to office.
In one state after another there
emerged some one man, —a senator, a
representative, a federal official of high
office,—who was recognized as the
President’s only adviser with regard to
all appointments within his State; and
all federal office holders within that
State became by natural consequence
his sycophants.
In the South these petty masters
were too often the political adventurers
who had been drawn to their places of
preferment by the temptations of the
process of reconstruction, when the ne
groes waited to be used, or men who
were themselves the subservient tools of
politicians in Washington.
General Grant himself felt the de
moralization of the system very keenly
and desired its radical reformation, but
was easily imposed upon by men whom
he trusted, and he trusted men without
discrimination.- He had great simplic
ity of character. He judged men shrewd
ly enough when he saw them in action,
but had little insight into their real mo
tives and character when associated
wit a them in counsel.
It seemed to him unnatural, unfaith
ful, as it had seemed to General Jackson,
to doubt or distrust his friends—not so
much because he was a soldier and ready
with stout allegiance as because, like
most men of simple nature, he deemed
others as honest as himselt, and suspic
ion a tiling for rogues to harbor.
The President had alienated, more
over, certain men whose support he
could not afford to dispense with. He
had set his heart upon the annexation
of Santo Domingo to the United States,
and bad come to an open breach with
Mr. Charles Sumner, chairman of the
Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs
upon the matter.
That and many other things, great
ar.d small, had driven Mr. Horace Groe
lev also into opposition, the erratic,
trenchant editor of the New York
Tribune.
M’\ Sumner seemed to a great many
men in the country to stand for the
older, better, more elevated traditions of
the Republican party, which General
Grant seemed to be fast drawing to the
lower levels of self-aggrandizement and
power.
Mr. Greeley wrote editorials every day
which told like sharp blows upon the
consciousness of all the thousands of
plain men the country-sides through
who looked to the Tribune for guidance
as to an oracle.
It was no light matter to have such
men set against the administration.
It v. as the more embarrassing be
cause there were large matters of pol
icy, as well as scattered items of mis
taken action and vague fears for the
civil service, upon which an opposition
could concentrate.
At the heart of these was the dis
franchisement of the white men of
the South. It was plain to see that
the troubles in the Southern States
arose out of the exclusion of the better
whites from the electoral suffrage no
Ales* than from the admission of the
-most ignorant blacks.
It was no doubt in part because the
South could not use its real leaders in
open political contest that impatient
men and radicals had been driven to use.
secret combination and all the ugly
weapons of intimidation.
THE “LIBERAL
REPUBLICAN” REVOLT
The processes of reconstruction were
made by those who managed them to de
pend as much upon withholding the suf
frage from all who had participated
with ary touch of leadership in seces
sion as upon the use of the negroes as,
voters and the radical amendment of the
southern constitutions; .and it presently
became evident thav there was a rap
idly growing number of thoughtful men
in the Republican ranks who thought it
high time to grant a general amnesty
and bring affairs to a normal condition
again in Southern society.
Mr. Greeley was strongly of that opin
ion, and it took form and bred concert
of action rapidly enough to play a de
termining part in the residential cam
paign of 1872.
Tn 1870 the question had taken very
definite form among the Republicans of
Missouri, and the party had split asun
der there Into a radical and a liberal
faction. The radicals wished for the
present to maintain the disqualifications
Imposed by the Constitution of the State
upon those who had identified them
selves with secession during the war;
the liberals demanded “universal am
nesty and univedsal enfranchisement,”
and won in the state elections.
The leaders of the successful revolt
were Mr. Renjamin Gratz Brown and
Mr. Carl Schurz. Mr. Brown had been
politician, editor, soldier, senator these
twenty and with the success of
his p->rt> _ecame governor of the State.
Mr; «9churz was a member of the
Senate, a man but just turned of forty
but bred since a lad to the role of ag
gressive liberal in politics—an exile from
his German home because of his partici
pation in the revolutionary movements
of 1849. He was an orator whom op
ponents not prepared to join frank issue
found it prudent to avoid in open con
test. Mr. Lincoln had named him min
ister to Spain in 1861 nut he had pre
ferred the field and entered the army;
and at the close of the war had been
sent by the legislature of Missouri to
the Senate of tne United States.
The Liberal Republicans of Missouri,
thus led. called upon men of like views
e\erywhere to join them, and their ranks
for a little seemed to fill upon a scale
which thieatened to make them a for
midable national faction.
The form the presidential campaign of
was to take was determined by their
Initiative.
In May, 1872, a national convention
ot their partisans came together at Cin
cinnati, at the call of the Missouri lead
ers. and nominated Mr. Greeley for the
presidency, Mr. Benjamin Gratz Brown
for the vice-presidency.
These were nominations which the
country found It hard to take seriously.
Mr OtNtof-l irregular genius, useful as
it was in the trenchant statement of is
sues and the sharp challenge of opinion,
v/ns not of the kind prudent men were
willing to see tried in the conduct of the
government. He was too much a man
of impulse, without porse or calculable
lines of rctlcn.
Mr Brown the country did not know,
except as a picturesque Missouri soldier
and politician The names of much more
statesmanlike men had been proposed in
t* convention, but it had acted like a
great mans meeting rather than like
the organ of a !>arty, upon Impulse
and haKtlly oonaldered policy rather
than with prudent forecast or real
knowledge of the true ground* of ex
ptd'ency.
It* platform exhibited the *ame char,
acterletlo* of half-formed opinion and a
hurried compromlee of Interests. It con
demned the existing adminletratlon a*
cor upt In It* u»e or the patronage and
nbdolutely disregardful of constitutional
limitations In it* u»e of power In the
States, and demanded the “Immediate
and abHOlute renewal of all disabilities
imposed on account of the rebellion," In
th-? belief that unlversul amnesty would
“result Ir complete pacification in all
part* of the country,” hut Its formula
tions of policy were vague and evasive.
It was framed to please ail elements
of a mixed opposition, and to make as
acceptable as possible its closing Invl
tatlton to “al patriotic citlaens, without
regard to previous political affiliations."
to Join with Its framers In purifying the
government.
By Woodrow Wilson
RE-ELECTION OF GENERAL
GRANT
The Democratic convention, which met
in Baltimore early in July, accepted both
the platform and the candidates of the
Cincinnati convention, though the Demo
cratic leaders liked neither.
The platform spoke no recognizable
Democratic doctrine, except, indeed, in
its advocacy of the maintenance of the
public credit by a speedy return to
specie payments, and the candidates
were men whom no experienced poli
tician could hope to see mected.
But the split in the Republican ranks
evidenced by the Cincinnati convention
was the only sign anywhere visible to
the Democratic leaders of a change in
public sentiment likely to weaken the
party in power. Without the coalition
they knew themselves helpless: with it
they hoped to make at least show of
strength. Such allies might be worth
the weak candidates and the inconclus
ive declaration of principles that went
with them.
The “Liberal Republicans” had given
from the whole campaign, as they
had expected.
The result was what every one who
had the least sagacity in reading the
signs of political weather perceived from
the first it must be.
The Democrats added but one hundred
and thirty thousand to tfheir popular
vote off our years before, though the
number of voters in the country had
greatly increased and for the first time
in the history of the government every
State chose its electors by the direct
suffrage of the people.
The Republicans added six hundred
thousand to their vote, and General
Grant was elected for a second term by
an overwhelming majority in the elec
toral college (286-63.)
The congressional elections which ac
companied the choice of President gave
the Republicans again, moreover, their
accustomed two-thirds majority in both
houses.
All things stood as rierore; the oppo
sition were yet a long way off from
power.
Mr. Greeley survived the elections but
a few weeks. He had not seen how
hopeless his candidacy was. He was
turned of sixty and had been broken in
health. All his years had been full
of such keen and unremitting labor as
robs a man at least of his elasticity. The
sudden strops of utter defeat, touched
almost with farce, so that men laughed
to see ho wcomplete tt was, was more
than hi could bear.
On the 29th of November, 1872, before
the electors had voted, he died. The
few votes that would have gone to him
were given as the electors pleased to
men who had bee his allies iv> the novel
coalition he had led.
And yet, though the coalition had fail
ed, the Democrats were nearer their day
of success than they dreamed.
Within two years the Republican ma
jority of nearly one hundred in the
House of Representatives had been sup
planted by a Democratic majority al
most as large, and the men who had led
the party of reconstruction found their
season of mastery gone by.
The country had begun to see with
how radical a demoralization (he war
party it had trusted was beginning to
be touched, and how impotent the
amiable soldier they haw put at the head
of the government was to guide or bet
ter it.
General Grant had found that the ap
pointment of men to political office upon
the recommendation of politicians and
personal friends, though the friends were
his own and the politicians men whom
the country honored and whom he would
have deemed it a reproach upon himself
to distrust, was a very different matter
from promoting officers tested under his
own eye in camp and field.
THE CREDIT MOBILIER.
The leaders of Congress perceived
plainly enough the movement of opinion
out-of-doors, saw the service of the gov
ernment steadily sinking to a lower level
of efficiency, knew’ what influences were
at work to debase it and what con
demnation must come upon them should
the use made of the patronage come
fully to light.
On the 3d of March, 1871, according
ly, they put through Congress an Act
which authrized the President to frame
and dminister, through a emmission,
such rules as he tought best for the
regulation of admissions to the civile
service.
The President accepted the Act with
cordial approval, with an obvious setise
of relief, indeed; and with complete in
diference to the distress of the politic
ions proceeded to establish and enforce
a system of competitive examinations for
office.
But the politicians were stronger in
Congress than the President, and after
two years of painful exclusion from the
use of the patronage induced the houses
to withhold the appropriation necessary
for the administration of the President’s
new’ system of appointment.
They had not yet learned how’ hard a
master public opinion was to be in that
matter.
Possibly the mere demoralization of
the civil service would not by Itself have
brought upon them the bitter discipline
of defeat w’hich they presently under
went. Other things w’ent along with it
w’hich stirred the country more deeply;
which made Congress itself seem corrupt
and the party which controlled it with
out a watchful sense of honor.
The year 1869, in which General Grant
became President, had been marked by
the completion of both the Central Pa
ficfic and the Union Pacific railways, the
two lines begun in 1863, the one east
ward from the Pacific, the other west
ward from the Missouri River, which
when completed at their point of junc
tion at last bound East and West to
gether across the long plains and the
high passes of the Rockies upon which
so many a slow’ caravan nad lost its way
and its precious freight of human lives.
In 1867 the company which had under
taken the construction of the Union Pa
cific had acquired by purchase the char
ter of a corporation organized in Penn
sylvania in 1863 upon the model of the
great French Societe Generale du
Credit Mobilier, for the placing of loans,
the handling of all marketable stocks,
and the transaction of a general bank
ing business.
The French company had come very
near to getting into its hands the whole
brokerage business and mercantile credit
of France; the promoters of the Union
Pacific Railway bought out the Pennsyl
vania company in order to obtain a suit
able instrument for conducting the fi
nancial operations connected with their
undertaking.
Congress had made immense grants in
aid of the Pacific, railway, regarding its
construction as of no less importance to
the government than ro the commerce
and material development of the country,
because It would bind the two coasts
of the continent which had hitherto been
almost like separated countries together
by a great highway along which au
thority and the influences of opinion
could travel as well as trade.
Its subsidies had taken the form of
six per cent gold bonds; $16,000 for every
mile of rails upon the prairies or the
coast plains beyond the mountains, from
$32,000 to 48,000 for every mile through
the passes of the mountains or the dif
ficult country between range and range
—besides twenty-five million acres of
public land along the line of the road.
ANOTHER FINANCIAL PANIC
The Credit Mobilier wan a perilously
close connection between a (Treat finan
cial undertaking and legislation by
Congress; and In the presidential cam
paign of 1872 It was openly charged by
the Democrats that Mr. Colfax, the Vice-
President. Mr. Henry Wilson, the Vice-
President-elect. the Speaker of the House
of Representatives, and a number of
senators and representatives had ae.
cepted gifts of Credit Mobilier stock In
consideration of legislative and other
services to be rendered the company.
Uoth houses appointed committees of
Investlgstlon. The revelations which
ensued filled the country with uneasi
ness and disgust.
Against the more prominent officials
accused no proof of conscious wrong
doing was found. Only two members
of the House and a single member of
the .Senate were found to have de
liberately engaged In transactions which
touched their Integrity and honor
But many a detail came to light which
showed that members carried very
easy-going consciences in such matters,
accepted favors without looking too cu
riously into their motive or significance,
though more often of their personal in
terest than of the public honor, and felt
very slightly the responsibility of their
posts of trust. It was open to any one
who chose to believe that less had been
told than had been convert'd up; that,
with but a little more probing, it might
have been possible to unearth many an
unsavory intrigue.
The discredit of the ruling party in
the houses was steadily deepening.
The painful impressions left by the in
vestigation were heightened by the de
liberate action of the houses during the
very session which saw it instituted
and concluded. They did not scruple to
pass an Act which increased the com
epnsation of senators and representa
tives and which was made to apply re
troactively to the sessions of the past
two years—an Act whlcn the country
very bluntly dubbed a “salary grab” and
deemed quite in keeping w::n the reputa
tion of a Congress which had
but did not expel the members whom its
own investigation had shown to be guilty
of corrupt connection with the Credit
Mobil ier.
Other impressions, well or 111 founded,
supervened which confirmed tne coun
try in its distrust of the men who were
in control of affairs.
In September, 1873, financial panic
once more came upon the country with
a rush, amidst abundant trade, admist
every sign of prosperity, when wages
were good, employment readily found,
factories busy, prices normal, money
easy. Railways had oeen built too fast
in the West.
Within five years no less than sl,-
700,000,000 had been spent in railway
construction, to be pushed forward
through a new section of the country;
and not a new Pacific railway only but
shorter lines also by the score in reg
ions where as yet there were no people,
in order that parts of the country other
wise inaccessible might he opened up to
quick settlement and profitable use.
Such roads could not reasonably look
to make a profit for twenty years to
come. They were built with borrowed
money. Their bonds filled every mar
ket, at home and abroad. Some new
roads there were which were only ex
tensions of older lines of established
earning capacity; but the older portions
could not earn enough to pay for the
new.
Certain as the prospects of profit
when the country should grow and
settlers come *o dot the lines of rail with
towns, flank them wdth farms, and put
factories at every point of vantage, their
construction was for the present purely
speculative, and the processes of growth
upon which they depended to keep them
from bankruptcy could not sufficiently
hurried to save their credit.
A POLITICAL UPHEAVAL
Early in September, 1873, the financial
break began to come. One by one bank
ing and brogerage firms in New York
which had advanced money to western
and Canadian railways began to an
nounce their inability to meet their ob
ligations.
Oii tne morning of the 18th Mr. Jay
Cooke, the agent of the federal govern
ment, with $4,000,000 of deposits from all
parts of the country and $15,000,000 of
ihe paper of the Northern Pacific Co.,
declared himself unable to meet his
debts, and the “Street” knew that the
end had come. Firm after firm, com
pany after company, went to the wall,
some of them reputed the strongest in
the country, and a long, slow' winter of
panic ensued w'hose effects the business
of the country was to Teel for years to
come.
Men who did not know how to reason
upon such matters or how to distinguish
the real forces that governed thecredit
of the country were inclined to attribute
this sudden sweep of calamity across a
money market apparently prosperous
and at peace to the financial legislation
of Congress.
On the 12th of February, 1873, an Act
had become law which, it was said, had
“demonetized” silver and upset values.
The act had dropped from the list of
authorized coins the silver dollar of 412 1
grains, which had hitherto been the
standard silver dollar of the coinage, and
had authorized, iln partial substitution,
a “trade dollar” of 420 grains.
No silver dollars of 412V6 grains had
been coined since 1808; since 1853 there
had been no silver dollars In circulation
the act simply made what was fact also
law, and had passed without objection.
But when the financial crisis of the au
tumn of 1873 came many persons recall
ed .he “demonetization” of silver effect
ed at the opening of the year, and made
shrewd theories about te hcauses of a
panic whose expiation was obvious and
upon its face.
The Republicans In Congress had had
the ill fortune to alter the law of the
currency upon the very eve of a financial
disturbance, and those who did not like
their conduct of the government and sus
pected them of more corruption than had
been proved were at liberty to add this
to the list of things they had done
amiss, to the damage, of the country.
The congressional elections of the au
of 1874 went heavily against them; the
House was lost to the Democrats; their
majority in the Senate was retained
only because the Senate was guarded
by its constitution against sudden
change.
The impressions f that oautmn and
the events of the next year lost them
also the local elections in many of the
Northern States which had so far seem
ed their safe strongholds. Even Massa
chuscts chose a Democratic governor.
The country could not overlook the
evidences of demoralization at Washing
ton. In 1875 it was discovered that there
was concerted action in the West be
tween distillers and federal officials to
defraud the government of large
amounts in requeset of the internal rev
enue tax on distilled spirits, a “wlskey
ring,” as the newspapers called it, which
did not hesitate to use a portion of its
fraudulent profits to make good Its op
portunity and its immunity oy political
corruption.
Mr. Belknap, the Secretary of War,
was accused of accepting brbies in dis
pensing the patronage of his Depart
ment, and, upon, impeachment on that
charge, resigned his office as if in con
fession, to escape punishment.
Venality and fraud began on all hands
to be Husjected, even where they did not
exist, and mere inefficiency began to ir
ritate the country as if ft were but a
part of the general decadence of offi
cial honor.
The President himself saw how ill,
how discreditably, and with how incor
rigible a tendency towards serious and
even criminal misconduct, the adminis
trative brunches of the public service
operated under his hand, arid with tlie
simplicity and frankness .which were
characteristic of him—the simplicity and
franklehh which unscrupulous politicians
played upon to betray him, —acknowl-
edged his failure and longed for release
from duties In the performance of which
he knew that he had blundered.
Jlis eight years of power had cost his
party its predominance.
(To be continued next Sunday.)
CHICHESTER S PILLS
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SOLD BY DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE
Thtw tiny CAPSULES
*'• Kptrior to Baltim
of Copaiba, Cubabi or
L Injections, and
RELIEVES in falOtf
'24 HOURS tha Vi/
same ditmei w»*h
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by atl druyffith.
SANTA?
CAPS Ul£S
JUIDY.
int AUGUSIA HLKALU, AUUUSIA, Urt.
Profit in the Tractable
Goose and Her Offspring
Leading Features in the Breed
ing of Geese for Feathers and
Meat
Ease in Rearing Goslings,
Their Quick Growth and
Their Freedom From Disease
(By M. L. Longfleld, Author and Practi
cal Poultryman.)
The Kmden is the general utility
breed. Ganders are good husbands
and protective fathers. Laying begins
in February. Hatching claims the
gravest importance. Goslings are
thrifty and not menaced by disease.
Food needs are simple— plenty of
grass and water, plus corn. Feathers
add to value. Waterfronts desirable
but not necessary.
Ever fowl has its staunch advocate.
Judging from the ratio reared of vari
ous kinds, the goose stands third In
popular estimation. Jn consideration of
its intrinsic qualities, this is surprising.
Of all poultry, the goose is hardiest, it
runs the gamut of temperature extremes
in the temperate climate undisturbed.
Whereas chickens, guineas ami turkeys
must be environed with watchful care
lest disease assail. The goslin early
achieves independence. Of all tin? ills
to which the formers are heirs, it claims
no inheritance. Pip, grapes, roup, cholera
and their kind pass by the gosling. LI
is because it is a genuine vegetarian?
Provide the gosling with water, a good
range and a home at night, and it is
happily sufficient unto itself. Nothing
else outstrips its babyhood proportions
with such seven-league boots, as the
gosling. Today it greers you, fresh from
the shell, a pump, talkative, responsive
bunch of golden down; next week, a
faded, gawky feature wobbles to meet
you, clumsy, yet still trustful and
friendly.
There is something substantial and
practical about the goose, a certain re
liability that should commend it to poul
try-raisers apart from its profitable as
pect. The flighty guinea and (he irre
sponsible turkey at times try the poul
tryraiser’s soul sorely. The goose, quiet
and capable with her healthy brood after
tlie first few weeks, is dependable and
trustworthy.
In goose-raising, as much importance
attaches to the selection of a variety as
with chickens. The demand of the near
est market usually swings the decision.
Iu New York, Philadelphia and Balti
more, the white command best prices
alive. Consequently, nearby sections
favor a breed of this color. <>f the seven
varieties, three are most common. The
large Toulouse is prolific, but its gray
feathers are inferior. The Chinese goose,
slender and white, or perhaps brown,
with knobbed bill, is noisy and small.
The Emden seems to be the “general
utility” breed, for besides its abundant
thatch of white feathers, it weighs al
most as heavily as its gray relation, the
Toulouse.
Selecting the Breeders.
A flock may number from three geese
and one gander to thirty geese and ten
ganders, dependent upon the fawner's
resources in grass. The prevalent size
numbers twelve, from which the farmer
may average seventy-five goslings.
Flocks are assembled in December, like
wise all changes made threine. If young
geese are wanted, they should be taken
from the first-hatched goslings. Indi
viduals are selected for size, shapeliness
•and proportion. Young ganders and
geese are distinguishable only by experi
enced persons. The male t arries a high
head on a long neck and utters a call
not so shrill as that of tlie goose. He
may be larger also. Otherwise, no nota
ble difference exists. In the laying sea
son, when the female develops a dewlap,
the sexes are plainly apparent. Breeders
should always be marker? to insure them
from being mistaken for well-developed
goslings when the final separation takes
place in December.
Qualifications of Goose Mothers.
When geese establish a reputation as
layers of large and many eggs, and as
sensible mothers, they are good for long
service. Some familien record keeping
certain geese for twenty years. Few are
prmltted such longevity, but it is possi
ble and the elder mothers are undeniably
best.
After the flock Is chosen and has been
tested, unnecessary alterations are un
wise. The goose that lays small or de
formed eggs, 'or proves to be a frivolous
parent, should be disposed of. For va
rious reasons, ganders are often changed,
chiefly to improve the stock and to in
crease the size of the offspring. To in
troduce one strange gander into the flock
is to invite dissension. The old ones
flay him unmercifully. The better policy
is to make a clean-sweep of all ganders
at once. Equality makes for peace.
The family life of geese abounds with
interest. The gander chooses one mate
to whom he devotes himself assiduous
ly. He is jealously suspicious, whence
many bloody battles with other ganders.
Tie accompanies her faithfully. When
they walk together, he stalks ahead. He
has been seen to block her way delib
erately when she evinced an intention
to choose her own direction.
During the winter—the season of
courtship—geese begin the need more
oversight. Most growers agree that over
fat geese produce the greater number
of infertile eggs, and guard against such
conditions accordingly. Thin geese on
the other hand, defer laying which
makes late broods. Tills in turn cur
tails weight, at shipping time. The
profitable medium Is the goose of aver
age weight laying early In February.
Such eggs may be set in March. The
goslings break the shell in time for the
earliest tender grass. From this hatch
ing come the best breeders.
Care of the Eggs.
The goose-house, in deference to that
fowl’s Htrong attachment for Its quart
ers, should always have the same loca
tion. Any style of architecture suits
the goose. The nest is the Important
feature. Box-like . 16x22 inches,
built side by side on Tne earthen floor,
with a liberal filling of hay, straw, dead
pine leaves or other litter, are an ex
cellent accommodation The eggs should
be collected dally, and marked with Ink
or indelible pencil with the date of lay
ing. This enables the raiser always to
set oldest, eggs first, for in this business
as with all poultry, the older the egg for
incubation, the weaker the youngster.
In saving the eggs till brooding time,
certain safeguards are needful: Eggs
should be set on end, turned often and
TRADE MARK REGISTERED
PHOSLIME
FOR
COTTON
Use It
And Get Results
IMMEDIATE DELIVERY
Prices F. O. B. Phoslime, Fla., In Bags.
CARLOAD
$9.00 Per Ton
WRITE FOR BOOKLET
FLORIDA SOFT PHOSPHATE & LIME CO.
B °* OCALA, FLORIDA
BUFF ORPINGTON BUCKS
I 111 ! j |||!!|' IJmH .
It is rare, that any fancier seeks to
originate a new variety of ducks. Breed
er are generally satisfied to continue
with one of the old-fashioned varieties
that have been selected to meet the re
quirements of their particular market.
A decade ago the late William (V>ok,
famed as the originator of all the Orp
ington fowls, spent much time in per
fecting a new utility duck, one that
would compare favorably with the Pekin
as a layer, and with the Aylesbury for
weight. Iji the course of his work he not
only produced Buff ducks, but a Blue
variety, and both are now largely bred.
Mr. Cook atached the name “Orpington”
to these ducks, after the tviine of his
country place In England.
Breeders are very enthusiastic over
their heavy-laying qualities and their
protected from drying and sudden ex
tremes of temperature. A flannel-lined
box or old feather-bed in an unheated
room is often favored, the eggs being
covered with pillows.
Natural incubation Is to be preferred
to artificial. For the purpose of getting
more eggs from the flock, at least two
hens should be set coincident with each
goose. Each may cover five or six,
depending upon size of hens and eggs.
One goose can hover the resultant hatch
ing of her own and of the hens. For
every dozen set, one goose may be
broken from sitting to resume her sec
ond laying. These last eggs, laid in
warm weather, unsupervised. usually
hatch phenomenally well. Though the
goslings face life to be supported on the
tough grass of June, they grow rapidly
with supplemental feeding and become
worthy, if belated, members of the sea
son’s flock.
Normally, a goose egg hatches In 28
days, but it may be prolonged. Tardy
goslings may require aid to emerge from
the shell, biit It must be cautious, else
permanent injury results. These un
fortunates lack stamina, but may out
grow the discrepancy.
Management of Goslings.
Goslings are removed from the nest
lest they be, crushed. The second day
restores them to the mother, who is
given a roomy coop with sod floor. For
food they like a liquid mixture of meal
and bran In a pie-plate, often replenish
ed. Uoarse sand is accessible. Hard
boiled egg, chopped grass, bread crumbs
in milk, etc., are not needed by Emdens.
Goslings revel In sunshine and grass,
flanked with wale* A wire-topped
coop with slat sides, Bx6x2 feet, which is
easily moved, is efficient in confining
the mother and allowing tlie goslings
range for a week. Thereafter they may
trudge abroad with their mother, at
tended by a proud daddy. Most raisers
limit goslings to the lawn or small lot
for ten weeks, when they graduate to
the pasture--and independence.
Water fronts are not absolutely es
sential t>> successful goose-raising, but
add to the fowl’s comfort. Parasites
are not so troublesome if then* is un
hampered access to water, and the plum
age is cleaner.
In August, and thereafter at periods of
seven weeks, the flock is plucked of Its
Miller’s Antiseptic Oil, Known as
Snake Oil
Has perhaps relieved more sufferer*
than any other known remedy In the
same length of time. More than 100,-
000 bottles sold In the past four months
under an absolute guarantee to give
satisfaction or money refunded, and
only three bottles have been returned.
Many have testified that they had been
forced to give up their work, because
they could not use their limbs. Home
could not even raise their arms above
their head, have been restored and are
now praising this wonderful oil that
other sufferers may be relieved. No
wonder this (treat oil treatment has
sprung; Into such tremendous popular
ity In so brief a time, and so much
praised today by the thousands
throughout the south. For Rheuma
tism. Neuralgia, Lumbago, stiff and
aching joints, or any kind of an ache or
a pain. It Is said to be without an equal.
For Sore Throat, Croup, Diphtheria
and Tonsllltls and for cuts and burns,
It has been found most effective. This
wonderful rn-w oil remedy that Is pro
ducing such remarkable results
throughout the country Is now for
sale by all leading druggists. Accept
no substitute, for there 1h nothing like
It. Golden red color only. Every
bottle, guaranteed; 35c and 50c a bot
tle, or money refunded.
T. G. Howard. (Adv.)
LESS THAN CARLOAD
SIO.OO Per Ton
early maturity. On record from Cali
fornia shows that a flock commenced to
lay at the age of sixteen weeks. An
other record shows that two ducks laid
258 eggs in six months, which is greatly
in excess of the average duck's produc
tion.
The plumage of this variety is a soft
buff over alj, wdth the exception of the
male, that has a seal brown head several
shades darker than the body color. The
bills on both sexes are greenish yellow.
The aim has been t•> breed only those
laying white eggs, and to this end care
ful breeder* are hatching only the whit
est eggs. A few years of this select ion
will produce the desired result. The
weights required of these ducks are six
to seven pounds for males, and five to
six pounds for females.
“ripe” (ready to bo shod) feathers.
Three pickings from 75 fowls aggregate
at least 50 pounds of choice feather at
65 cents.
Plucking and fattening have n close
connection. Immediately after the last
“picking,” goslings should bo fattened.
When full-fledged they add on more
weight till after another shedding, and
are therefore rendy for shipment. With
their sale, the.’ farmer pockets his most
profitable fowl and least troublesome
crop.
K)ur rooms » mi-mw}
.ever looked .j j ||p S
Of course, you want your furniture A/,,,
and hangings to harmonize with the
finish on your walls, ceilings and wood
trim—well, simply finish them with
VELOUR FINISH
This is a durable oil paint which dries with a soft, water
color effect. It may he successfully applied to plaster, wood
work, wall-hoard, canvas, burlap or any other wall coverings
also to steam and hot water radiators. Eighteen beautiful
tints to select from; will combine harmoniously with any
furnishings. Velour Finish may he used as appropriately
in the parlor or living room as in the bedroom.
We guarantee this finish to he lasting and sanitary. If it
becomes soiled, you can wash it with and water.
F. W. DEVOE & C. T. RAYNOLDB CO.
New York Buffalo New Orleans Houston Boston
Savannah Pittsburg
Founded in New York in 1754. The oldest manufacturing concern in th«
United States. '
Grain Planting Means
A Richer South
more grain the South plants, the
more quickly she will be in an in
dependent position on other crops. In any plan
of diversification, grain will always take the
prominent part. Wherever grain in planted, the Deer
ing binder is needed to harvest it.
We say, buy a Deering because the Deering binder
has been building its reputation for almost three
quarters of a century, and we know that it will d,*
any work required of it.
Come iri and let us show you the machine.
E. L. MORRIS
716 Ellis Street.
Farm Implements, Machinery, Wagons, Buggies, Harness.
FLEMING & SANFORD
737 REYNOLDS ST.
FIRE INSURANCE
Also write best Accident and Health,
Automobile or Liability Policy on th«
market.
Phone 2123.
A NOTRE DAME LADY'S APPEAL.
To all knowing sufferers of rheumatism,
whether muscular or of the joints, scia
tica, lumbago*, backache, pains in tne
kidneys or neuralgia pains, to write to
her for a home treatment which has re
peatedly cured all of these tortures. She
feels it her duty to send it to all suf
ferers FREE. You cure yourself at home
as thousands will testify—no change of
climate being necessary. This simple dis
covery banishes uric acid from the blood,
loosens the stiffened joints, purifies the
blood, and brightens the eyes, giving
elasticity and tone to the whole sys
tem. If the above Interests you, for
proof address
Mrs. M. Summers, Box R, Notre Dame,
Ind.
'C'OR Weddings
A and other func
tions we promptly
produce proper ap
parel ; at modest
prices, too!
TSie John B. Jones
Company
CAPITAL $25,000,000.
INCORPORATED.
DIRECT IMPORTERS
AND TAILORS.
, SALESROOMS—
No. 811 BROAD STREET
AUGUSTA, GA.
Read Herald “Wants"
FIVE