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HUN CHANGES VIEW ON PEACE
THE COVENANTER
, LETTERS
Important Sections of Treaty
Are Taken Up In Today’s Let
ter, Which Deals With Article
Four
The Council.
The Council is the principal organ of
the League; for while its functions are
almost entirely confined to supervision
and the making of recommendations, the
sphere In which it can do this is large.
Now the responsibility for carrying out
the objects of the League rests mainly
upon the five larger nations. On their
co-operation its effectiveness depends.
Without them it would be powerless.
They must be kept constantly in close
touch with one another, and hence in the
small body which meets most frequently
and in which the most intimate confer
ence takes place, they must always be
present. But although that body pos
sesses no legal authority to direct the
action of the members, yet if it were
composed exclusively of the representa
tives of the five largest nations those
five gould, if they agreed together, exert
such an influence as practically to rule
the league, and in fact the whole world.
It is important, therefore that the smal
ler states should be represented on the
Council, and that the states having seats
there should not always be the same.
To accomplish this result the assembly is
empowered to select from time to time
the stales that shall send representa
tives; and since in the assembly the
small states will far outnumber the
large ones, and each state has one vote,
the states to have seats will practically
be selected by the smaller members of
the League. In order, moreover, that
important action affecting any smaller
state may not be taken in its absence
it is further provided that in such a case
the state shall be specially invited to at
tend. Thus effectiveness by the pres
ence of the larger states is combined
with fair consideration for the smaller
ones.
No “Executive” Power.
It is noteworthy that in revising the
draft of the Covenant the name of the
Executive Council was changed to Coun
cil, because it is not in fact entrusted
with executive power. Apart from mat
ters relating to the organization of the
League—such as the appointment of the
Secretary General, and of permanent
commissions, and the naming with the
approval of the Assembly, of additional
members of the Council —its functions
are almost wholly advisory of supervis
ory. Thus it is to formulate plans for
reducing armaments, to give advise on
restricting the private manufacture of
arms and on the means of resisting ag
gression upon the integrity of a mem
ber of the League, to propose steps to
give effect to an arbitral award, to for
mulate plans for a permanent court
of justice, to endeavor to effect the set
tlement of disputes between two mem
bers of the League, to conduct inquiries
in such cases, to publish facts and
recommendations if it fails to reach an
effective decision of a dispute, to recom
mend military contingents in case of an
attack upon a member of the League, to
make recommendations to prevent hostil
ities between non-members, and finally
to supervise the prohibition of trade in
white slaves, opium, etc., and the ad
ministration of international bureaus.
When It, Action Binds.
The only cases in which the Council
has power to take action that has a
binding effect of any kind upon the
members of the League are three. First
if a plan for a reduction of armament
Is voluntarily accepted by the members,
no one of them can exceed it during the
period for which it has been adopted
without the consent of the council. Sec
ond. if in case of an inquiry Into a dis
pute the Council makes a recommenda
tion which is unanimous (except for
the parties thereto) no member of the
T.eairue can attack another member that
complies with it. And third, if a mem
ber chooses to accept a mandate over a
backward territory it must do so on
(he terms agreed upon hv the members
of the I.eague or fixed by the Council.
In two other cases the Council has
power to take action that has a binding
effect, but not on the members or tne
I.eague. It can determine conditions on
which an outside power may join the
I.eague. either for the purpose of set
tling a particular dispute, or perman
ent lv. and in this last case It can regu
late' the military equipment the new
member may possess.
Not a Super-Soveretpn.
We mav observe that only in matters
of procedure and appointment, and In
publishing facts and recommendations in
a dispute where it cannot make a report
with any binding effect, can the Council
act by majority. In all other cases, even
where it only gives advice. Its vote must
be unanimous. The only exception i.s that
in deciding a dispute the votes of the
parties thereto are not counted. The
t'nited States might thus be prevented
by act of the Council from attacking a
member of the League when all the
other members of the Council thought we
were in the wrong Save in that case
no action of the Council, which must
be unanimous, even the making of
recommendations, can take place unless
the United States concurs. The fear,
therefore, of a supersovereign, a loss of
our national sovereignty, or a Council
that rules the world, is the result of
inaatentive reading of the document or
of an overheated imagination.
Hit AWAITING
BACKING OF moon
HEADS IN STRIKES
Chicago.—With the ninth day of the
telegraphers* strike at hand, both sides
today were claiming the "victory was in
Nipht." It was hoped by officials of the
union that decision would he reached
today by the American Federation of
Labor, in session at Atlantic City, N. J..
as to whether aid should be extended
to the striking keymen. S. J. Konenkamp.
president of the Commercial Telegraph
ers Union of American, stated it was
jossible Samuel Gorapers. president of the
American Federation of Labor would ask
President Wilson to Intercede In behalf
of the strikers
Chiefs in the Chicago offices of the
Western Union and Postal companies
stated they were handling all business
without inconvenience.
harvarddegreeTbig
MEN OF GOVERNMENT
Cambridge. Mas*.—Rear Admiral Wm.
S Sima, Major General Knoch H. Crow
der, Henry P Davison chairman of th*
war council of »h« American Red f.'roa*
and the late Robert. Bacon, former sec
retary of state and ambassador to France
were awarded the honorary decree of
Doctor of Laws by Harvard University
today.
Amonar other honorary degrees confer
red were:
Master of Arts. Lieutenant Colonel
Theodore Roosevelt; Lieutenant Colonel
Chgrlae W Whittlesey of Pittsfield, com
mander of the 'lost battalion": Major
George O McMurty. who served with
Colonel Whittlesey: Major Waiter W.
Manton of Detroit, a medical officer;
Captain Arthur O. Cable, of Chicago,
former secretary of the aircraft produc
tion board; and Colonel Albert T. Per
kins of Bt. Louis, an American engi
neer.
80,000 WANT FARM*.
Washington— More «... 80.000 soldiers,
many of them still over-seas, have noti
fied Secretary lane of their desire to ob
tain farms under the plan endorsed by
him and now being considered by the
house public lands committee.
THE AUGUS PA HERALD
(ASSOCIATED PRESS.)
VOLUME XXVI, No. 171
JUDICIARY ASSAILED BY
THE LABOR FEDERATION
Feeling of Huns
to Peace Terms
More Favorable
(By The Associated Press.)
German feeling toward the peace treaty appears to be
taking a more favorable trend. Although the peace delega
tion headed by Count von Brockdorff-Rantzau is represented
as decidedly opposed to acceptance of the revised allied
terms, the latest dispatches from Weimar where the German
cabinet and national assembly are considering the treaty,
reflect a different viewpoint. w
The majority socialists, the present dominant political
force in the German republic, are declared in these advices
to be more favorably inclined toward the treaty than at first,
while the clericals and the democrats of the left wing are
reported to be swinging in the same direction. One report
from Berlin represents the people of the capital as resigned
to the future, desiring only to see the treaty signed and the
suspense ended.
In the meantime, however, rumors of
an exciting nature are printed in Lon
don newspapers, it being said that the
British grand fleet is prepared to sail on
short notice for German waters, and that
British dirigibles are already near the
German coast if not over GermajLJaUiL—
The dirigible ft-34, WhlrTr fW r nrrnsn
were intending to send out on a trans-
Atlantic voyage late this week, is said by
one report to be over the Baltic, armed
with bombs and machine guns and ready
for action.
Her sister craft R-33, is reported to
have left last night on a cruise which
will include the Kiel* Canal.* One thing
definitely known is that the R-34 will not
start on her projected trip for American
until the German situation is cleared up.
Only minor affairs are being taken up
by the minor officials of the peace con
ference in the absence of President Wil
son in Belgium. Efforts are bieng made
to adjust the railway communications be
tween Fiume and Triest and Vienna to
the satisfaction of Italy, Jugo-Slavia and
Czecho-Slovakia. This problem seems
quite difficult and may be left over to
be considered by the league of nations.
The attempt of Spartacan and com
munist adherents to stir up rioting condi
tions at Weimar, seems to have been defi
nitely defeated, as no disorders there have
been reported since Wednesday morning’s
futile attempt to break into the castle
where the cabinet members are quart
erd.
Paris. —While admitting that it has lit
tle direct or comprehensive information
regarding the German attitude toward
the signing of the peace treaty, the Am
erican delegation to the peace confer
ence is optimistic in its view of the sit
uation. In common with peace confer
ence circles generally, the aeiegitei are
not disturbed by the newspaper reports
from Germany of an unfriendly nature
toward the revised terms.
BRITISH PREPARING
FOR NAVAL ACTION
London.—Morning feature
British naval and other preparation!* in
the event of Germany refusing to «ign the
treaty of peace and print under big head
lines several unofficial reports which were
current during the night.
The gTand fleet has again been placed
on a war footing, it is reported and ready
to sail for German waters at a moment's
notice. It is also stated that the dirigi
ble R-34 has been diverted from her
trans-Atlantic trip, equipped with bombs
and machine giTtis and has been sent or is
going to the Baltic.*.while her companion
aircraft, the R«SS, similarly equipped U ft
Wednesday night for a cruise which will
Include the Kiel Canal.
A telegram from Copenhagen reports
the arrival there of a dozen British cruis
ers and several destroyers prepared to en
force the blockade.
According to some reports the R-34
which is now over the Baltic is neither
armed or loaded with bombs, but is un
dergoing a final trial preparatory to her
Atlantic voyage.
The Daily Sketch says the R-34 was
over Berlin at 4 o'clock Wednesday aft
ernoon.
HOUSE PASSES THE
WIRE RETURN BILL
Washington.—After reconsidering Its
action extending government-fixed tele
graph rates for six months, the house
today, without a record vote passed the
amended senate bill providing for return
of the telegraph and telephone companies
to private control and repealing the law
under which those properties and the
cable systems were taken over by the
president.
The measure now goes to conference
for straightening out of differences be
tw.*n th* two houses aa to th* tlm* the
nontrrrt of the companies shall be re
limiulshed. a* It epasead the senate the
measure provided for Immediate return
but thle wm amended by th* houee so
reed at the end of the calender month In
which the president signs the measure.
THE ONE PAPER IN MOST HOMES—THE ONLY PAP-R IN MANY HOMES
PLIGHT SAVINGS
FACING IGEPEAL
Washington—Repeal of the daylight
saving law effective with the turning
back of the clocks the last Sunday in
October, was regarded as certain today
as the result of action yesterday by the
senate and house. The former adopted
a repeal measure as a rider to the ag
ricultural appropriation bill while ihe
house passed a straight repeal law and
sent it to the senate.
The senate bill .now goes to conference
but it is expected the senate will adopt
the louse measure, making it unneces
sary for the conferees to consider tie
agricultural bill rider.
A WHOLE
STAR-CHAIN OF
GOOD THINGS
COMING
TO YOU IN
THE
COLUMNS OF
THE
AUGUSTA HERALD.
WE BET YOU
CANT GUESS
THAT’S FIRST.
Re? The Augusta Herald Tomorrow
SERIOUS DICERS
IN GIVING ROADS
BACK TO OWNERS,
STATES WOOLLEY
Old Point Comfort, Va. —Return of the
railroads to private operation during the
re-adjustment period would occasion a
necessity for increased freight rates that
would mean a rise in prices in this coun
try “the apex of which no man 6ouM
predict,” Robert M. Woolley, a. member
of the interstate commerce com r.. lesion
declared in an address here today l efore
the annual convention of the Virginia
Bar kers’ Association.
Owing to the cut In -ailroad revenues
censed by diminishing traffic dip‘ng the
readjustment period and other condi
tions. said Mr. Woolly, ihe Interstate
commerce commission would he forced to
grant an Increase in ra.es if the loads
were returned to permit them a fair
l evel ue. For these re-.idjustment con
ditions would prevail he said, regardless
of whether operation of ,»u» roads was
retrJntu by the government or relit: -
quirked to the owners.
“ls» t it far sound *r economics" raid
Mr. Wolley, “to take are of any deilcit
from carriers out of the treasury whose
coffers are replenished vhroip.'i taxes
levied where they can heat he home,
then to force by their return ail in
crease in rates?”
The opinion Is held by railroad offi
cials generally said Mr. Woolley that a
rate increase of at least per retd
would be necessary upon leturn of the
roads. This, he declare.l, would mean
another swing through Up “vicious »h
--cle” of mounting prices estimating that
such a rate advance would be reflected
“four-fold” in the prices of finished
commodities to the consumer. At the
end of the “circle” he said when labor
and raw material costs had been raised
to a level commensurate -with the rate
advance, the railroads would find them
selves In exactly the same position as
before the advance and the interstate
commerce commission upon a showing
of inadequate revenues by the railroads,
must again authorize an increase in
rates. This process, he said, would ul
timately render American Industries
powerless to compete with those of lOu*
ropean countries once ihey were restor
ed to normal.
Air. Woolley concluded "that the three
(Continued on page two.)
OH, KIDDIES!
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, THURSDAY AFTERNOON. JUNE 19, 1919
Ip
Labor Heads Charge
Courts Are Creating
a Serious Autocracy
Wilson Sees War’s
Devastation on His
Trip Over Belgium
Brussels— President Wilson who reached the Belgian
capital last night after a day’s trip from the border which
took him through the district devastated by the war began
the second day of his visit to Belgium this morning by motor
ing to Charleroi with King Albert. The king expected to
show the American executive the destruction wrought by the
Germans in the mines at Charleroi and supply him with
documentary information of the wholesale and systematic
destruction practiced by the Germans.
The president 1 was not accompanied on
the Charleroi visit by Mrs Wilson who
was somewhat fatigued after yesterday’s
trying Journey.
A luncheon at Ihe American legation,
the appearance of the president before the
Belgian chamber of deputies and his re
ception by Cardinal Merrier at Mallnes,
were a few of the features on today’s
program.
The president and King Albert set out
on their trip to Charleroi at 9 o’clock.
They were accompanied by M. Jan par,
the minister of economics and a numer
ous suite. •
On stepping out of the palace thin
morning the president found several
thousand persons assembled there who
clamored for a speech. 11«• responded
with his first public talk, which was con
fined in o few words.
(FULL LEASED WIRE.)
My friends," said ihe presldi-nl "in
coming her* personally I have merely fol
lowed by own heart „ n( | hr , Krt of lhß
.i Hn people towards Belgium "
.11 •a* ,h « president hud tnel
and T , "’ , \ r ; s ” f ‘n® Belgian cabinet
lb. ear n n, { herder. **V calling Itrsl,
for ll.* l nr ,l diplomatic route
M«!ln» h :.o P day' <J< '" t ‘ U “° n h,m •«
J l "' general council of the Belgian Is-
I resldenV wYi H '• message to
"Ti. i* , Wllm>n I" which It says:
Of v ;i«n^ 0, .S3 r * y r ®P"d | a'es any peace
defini. and "walls the reign of a
of labor t Hnd' l IhS" U , r i' Uf ', hf ' HOV «relgnly
Wilson": nrlnc l p h |ea" rlUmP " ° f
the United s».:: , '*! Ih ""*Tvenllo„ of
■lftheworkin* w,,r '*■»' adds:
brsakfsnf on » rtl T, A { n< ‘ r i*HnH had
of K!„ra r Hw
ss
simple whit© f |r**N Y ore h
p r^e 1 h " r:: r . • Th* Xu!" ■
[mrodu'Timna'' /V*'"
•d l nr , t r.* ®»valcad* hall-
IS*® f’* rTril ' the visitors to study at
cose rang* some p l( „, of destnicllnn
wuh lh*" «T.V a "h y . I, ' h ~. h Nleuport
m.l 1 f, rsf hslf UrcHldcnf VV’II «...
riding with King Albert fob
L" W /'L C ft2 n .F»-“ h ®"' ilml Mrs Wilson
•nd walkrwi through vvh.it hnti i lAan ~ *
canal"' N "' UP " rl "'® IhS
The only houses that were Inl.ci
JWB InhablUbl. were one or two frame
sharks whleh were recently ereelVd f,.r
the entertainment of tourists ' f
..-V 0 /; Mleuporl eastward along the old
2 of trenches to Dlsmude where ti e
JJflfJ* m A on * J ,ni * almost touched p M . h
” 'f® party alighted at one or two
places to examine the nature of .7*
Al1"lhM „: , rt"^",:' -n, l a° n '" w * rrt Y,,r '"
\ mL'dJJSa iar!"vw
'|Tm Ja*" at lemn f a r * rolll 'l he s**n
aU ' rnpt loward reclaiming the
Ih ereTr!*!Ttai £.*,? country Here «„d
til "" encountered but nl
sosmtng hope -
lessnens yvr+n, however Hhowed «
h.v* r t.L.: h ; r ;ec,:d '
rM.ur.nea, drinking pl.c,' „,d
A semblance of civil mvanimmi ....
been restored In this dlitrM ?i !
I Ht 'P."f r ®'l before the p re'll
d'd 'for 1 Rclgtum """ '° r wh "'
«f T 7ii.sl," . " rTllmn •"<» » number
lo lh ® f, rnwfi
that gsthf>r»*f| to wolrorns the nsrtv rh«
Tmia '’Lhi.W', Wmr , on the
rproN hsttlsflsld is utmost romplstrd
bul enough remained to add lo the de
pre.slon of the king and hla gue.t.
Hcoree of battered and broken tanks on
•both side* of Vpres served to jusllfy "is
vard^ t * ,t ** °" *" ,h " Unk in - *®®
The parly lunched In nlrntr style In the
"hou.l forest ThlS pfec, nf woods*
like all others In thet mnr Is but the
ekelelon of a forest which vran well h,< k
?/ ,h ® «»"■ At Menln, where
£ ""Tii 0f destruction was leas marked
the people gave the parly the first real
greeting „f the day. The town was
decorated and apparently ail the Inhabl
•Mj* w ® r ® lh® etreele, Hchmda were
either dismissed or th pupils were
brought In a body to Join In the demon
strations
From Routers, lh* scene of much hard
fighting becatige of Its strategic Import
ance, the routa turned northward toward
tCogtlnucd on rags Two.j
HOME
EDITION
American Federation Condemns'
“Usurpation Power” By
Judges and Recommends That
Injunctional Decrees Be Dis-<
regarded As Violation of
Rights Given By Constitution
Atlantic City, N. J. —The
America n of
labor in a resolution adopt
ed at its convention here to
day condemning what were
declared to be “usurpations
by the judiciary” of the gov
ernment’s legislative and
executive powers, recom
mended that organized
labor disregard injunctional
decrees of courts on the
ground that such decrees
violated rights guaranteed
under the constitution.
The memorial demanded that judges
who exceeded their authority Hhould be
promptly Impeached. It aavertod that
"our courth anil have been die
ragardlni? the right* of Ihe people and
exercising power* more tyrannical than
any iiHHumnl by the moat tyrannical des
pot ever known to hiHtory."
The r«‘ftoJutlon churged further that th©
• our tii had Huhordinated the IcgiHlatlvc
and executive departments of the de
partment through their will
The courtn were described an "a nin
iKler influence which In napping the life
from our institutions and creating the
worst nort of an autocracy."
A recommendation presented bv th©
federation's executive council wan Adopt
ed as part of the resolution commend
ing the supremA courts or the states and
fin* United States have sonic of their
powers taken away from them and bo re
organized.
LEAGUE OPPONENTS
OF SENATE HEADY
FOR A SHOWDOWN
Washington.—rians lo force a shnor
•lown on th* league of notions In the
senate before signing of lh* peace Ireaty
it Veraalllea were further considered to
day at conferences of !• ague opponents.
Ueveral proposals were under consid
eration Ob* would rail for a teat vot#
in the hght over Senator Knox's reso
lution, proposing to serve notice 'hat
the senate cannot accept .he league
covenant as now moo. p« rated In th*
treaty. Anolh*r suggests xassage of a
reaolutlon declaring the war at an end.
and atlll another prnposea a round-robltj
to ahow lh* strength of those opposing
the league.
It Is not considered likely that a defi
nite course will be decided on until to
morrow. League opponents do not hope
for a vole on adoption of th* Knoa reso
lution but they believe thev can got It
Into such a parliamentary situation that
a teal vote can be had. The round robin
plan in held In reserve as a last resort
should the league supporters block all
other efforts for an expression of aenat*
opinion before th* Herman delegates glvs
their decision on the treaty Monday.
Those supporting the league will fight
any attampt for a record vote ah thla
time, contending It would b- misleading
snd would constitute undue Interftrenca
with the peace conference.
Adoption of the Knox resolution re
garding the league of nations and th*
peace treaty would be Interpreted as an
uncalled for effort by the senate to dic
tate to the peace conference. Senator
Thomas, dmocral, Colorado, said today
In opposing the measure The Colorado
senator declared the proposal that the
eenate declare Itself now against ac
cepting the league as enlertwlned with
the peace terms was Improper and un
wise
Before Henalor Thomas spoke. Senator
Hpenmr, republican, of Missouri who had
not previously acknowleaged hla views
regarding the league of natlona, Intro,
duced a resolution proposing that the
senate declare that under any league plan
adopted application of the Monro* doc
trine must be reserved entirely for na
tional determination The resolution
went over without action.
Th* Hpencer resolution would declare
the Mnrtro* doctrine “en essential ns
tlonal policy" and ihat "the necessity and
extent of Its application and enforce
ment are matters to be determined alone
by th* United States"
(Continued on Page Two )
Augusta Market
Today’s Today'*
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