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PEACE TREATY ACCEPTED BY THE COVENANTER LETTERS Today's Story Treats Articles Five, Six and Seven of the Peace Treaty Voting Rules. Procedure and the appointment of committees in the assembly and the council are to be decided by a major ity vote, almost all other matters re quire unanimity. The functions of these bodies being debated; and if it were required for the appointment of committees one member could pre vent gathering the information needed for intelligent discussion. The object of demanding unanim ity for other matters was really to still the alarm of people who did not understand that the organs of the league are given no substantial power to direct the conduct of the members. But the provision is by no means in consistent with the principle on which the league is based— that of automatic action by the members, specifically set forth hi the covenant itself, and beyond this conferences with a view to' voluntary concerted action by all the members. For the last purpose a unanimous vote is not inappropriate. The Automatic Principle. It may be well to explain here more precisely what is meant by automatic action on the part of a member of the league. It denotes action that is automatic so far as the league or its organs are concerned, not in regard to the constitutional branches of its own government. Under Article XVI, for example, if one nation resorts to war against another in disregard of its covenants the other members of the league agree immediately to subject it to the severance of all trade and financial relations, and to prohibit an intercourse between their citizens and its citizens. This is automatic in the sense that it is a direct and immediate obligation, wholly inde pendent of any action by any organ of the league. It is not automatic in the sense that the severance of re lations takes place automatically without any action by the govern ments of the several members of the league. Nor does it determine what branch of a national government has power to put it into effect. That de pends upon the constitution of the nation. With us it would require leg islation. and therefore action by con gress; but congress is under a moral obligation, like that imposed by ev ery treaty which pledges the gt>od faith of the nation, to enact the leg islation required. The league will obviously need a considerable body of men to carry on a voluminous correspondence among the members, to record the proceed ings of the different organs, to collect such information as they may require, and to assist the various committees and standing commissions. In fact the convenience of the representa tives. and the ease of working the or ganization will be greatly promoted by the efficiency of such a secretar iat and its chief. This is especially true because in popular governments —and no others are expected to be members of the league—the men who hold the high offices of state change frequently, and hence the represen tatives in the council and assembly are not likely to remain long enough to be thoroughly familiar with the details of previous transactions, but must depend for much information upon the secretariat. In order, therefore, to render era cient service the secretary general and his subordinates should be per manent. fully conversant with the his tory and condition of international re lations. but not themselves political persons. Their duty is to serve the league, not to direct it; and in view of the large influence that any per manent expert, with the details of a matter at his fingers’ ends, can exert over a changing body of political su periors, it is of the utmost import ance that the secretariat should be as free from bias and from political mo tives as possible; so that their object may be the success of the league as an institution, not the special inter est of any particular member. If rightly administered the secretariat may well become one of the most im portant and beneficial organs of the league. Geneva Ideal Seat. Article VII needs little comment. It confers upon the delegates to the council and assembly, to their com missions, to the secretaries and to the buildings they occupy, the freedom from interference by local laws and local officials conferred by universal custom upon ambassadors and em bassies in foreign lands. Ir order to ensure for the league complete inde pendence from influence and pressure by any great nation, and still more from any suspicion of such influence, it was wise to place the seat of the league in a small and traditionally neutral country. No better place could have been selected than Geneva. w Villi Ml SEEK NO REPRISALS Oil AMERICANS LIVES El Paso, Tex.—Villa will make no re prisals upon American property and lives in Mexico because American troops drove his men back from the border Sun day night, a courier from Villa s camp near Villa Ahumada who arrived here last night on an important mission de clared. They also had a communication from General Felipe Angeles for Brigadier General James B. Erwin, district com mander. The courier said Villa was afraid the Carranxa soldiers would fire into El Paso to force American troops to cross and it was for this reason that he remained outside of Juarez three days hoping that the federals would come out from town and give battle in the open The courier said that the first Villa knew of the American expedition was when he heard bursts of shrapnel, whereupon he ordered his men to leave for the foothills at once. Villa was more than a mile from town at the time and left Immediately for his base near Samalayuca. It Is not reasonable according to the courier, to believe Villa's men would snipe across the border into El Paso when Villa hesitated to attack Juarez for fear bullets would fall In Bl Paso arid bring about complications with the United States. The courier said Villa did not partici pate in the first night's fighting but led his men In person Sunday evening Villa had 2400 men' in his entire com mand but only l«on participated In the attack, he said. The Villa officer stated that Villa lost seventy men In the fighting and had 110 wounded. He had nothing to say about Villa's future plans. RUSSIAN CRUISER SUNK BY BRITISH SUBMARINE London.—The Russ Sen ennsrr Oleg was sunk on Wednesday by a British sub marine. II Is announced in a Russian wireless dispatch received today. The entisar Oleg was a sister ship of the Bogatyr, the latter having been bollt in 1»«1 and the Oleg in IMI. r .«he was 41* feet In length on the water line and 2* feet In draught. Her armanent con sisted of twelve als-lneh runs In the main battery, eight 11 pounders and H three pounders with two torpedo tubes. Her crew comprised MS men. HUNS, IS LONDON REPORT THE AUGUSTA HERALD (ASSOCIATED PRESS.) VOLUME XXVI, No. 172. NOSKE NEW HEAD OF HUN MINISTRY Italy to Accept the Wilson Plan on the Dalmatian Territory Peace Seems lo Be Nearer Than In Many Months (By The Associated Press.) Signing’ of the peace treaty by Ger many was indicated strongly in reports from Germany today. Premier Scheidemann, an opponent of signing, and his cabinet have resigned. Dispatches from Weimar say the new ministry will be composed of those favor able to signing, headed by Gustav Noske, the minister of defense and including Mathias Erzberger. An unconfirmed report received in Don don through Paris says that the Ger man national assembly has voted to ac cept the peace treaty. Previous reports had been that the assembly woukl take no action until Saturday. The Germans, according to reports from Paris, have requested further time with in which to decide on their attitude to ward the peace terms. The present time limit expires at 6:49 Monday, Paris time. From the current German dispatch it would appear that the majority socialists, the independent socialists and the cen trists are in favor of signing the treaty, with the German national are! democratic parties opposed to it. As the first three organizations form an overwhelming ma jority in the national asscpibly, it appears the new cabinet will be effect, receive a mandate to meet the demands of tho entente. A situation has arisen in Italy that threatens to complicate the work of the peace conference. Premier Orlando last night submitted the resignation of his cabinet following an adverse vote in the chamber of deputies on a motion by the premier for a secret session at which the PALMER PROBE IS MARKED BK CLASH Washington.—Public inquiry into the charges mad,* against Attorney tJeneral Palmer in connection with his adminis tration of the alien property custodian's office opened before the senate judiciary sub-committee today with a clash be tween Senator Walsh, democrat, of Mon tana. and former Attorney General Mor ton E. Lewis, of New York, regarding statements as to the right of the custod ! ian to sell alien property, i Mr Lewis testified last week at an ex ecutive session of the committee width Is considering Mr Palmer's nomination and Senator Walsh contended he had neglected to give the committee a full statement as to the law regarding sale of property. "It was my purpose," Mr Lewis said, “to make a statement in correction of my statement last week and to apologize for the fact that entirety unintentionally I had left an impression on the committee which at that time was my understanding of the law.’" Senator Overman, democrat, of North Carolina, asked If In view of hls service as attorney general of New York, Mr. Lewis did not think tt improper to quote only part of the act Mr. Lewis explain ed he had come Into the case hurriedly without full opportunity to examine the statues. "As for myself,” said Senator Walsh, -J accept unreservedly your statement Yon will realize, however, that w» wifi scarcely be able to rely hereafter on anything you may say." Mr. Lewis appeared as counsel for Har vey T Andrews, of the Bosch Magneto Company, whose plant at Hprtngfi'-ld, Maas., was seized and sold hy the alien property custodian He read Into the record a number of reports in support of charges that the property was sold at much below tts value Attorney General Palmer Interrupted Mr. Ifwlb several times to ask that he put the complete balance sheet of the company Into the record and not pick par agraphs at random from prospectus pre pared In connection with the sale Senator Walsh also frequently Inter rupt to remind Mr Lewi* that certain documents he was offering already were tn the record. He reed a number of newspaper article* to show that the price of magneto stock on the Now York stock exchange advanced from «S laat January to 104 on June 11 THE ONE PAPER IN MOST HOMES—THE ONLY PAPZR IN MANY HOMES! AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, FRIDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 20, 1919 foreign policy of the kingdom would be discussed. The resignation has not been accepted by King Victor Emmanuel as vet, how ever. and it may be that Signor Or lando wHI remain in office for the purpose of carrying on the work of the peace eonle-rence in which he has been one of tho most prominent figures. Should Premier Orlando quit office there apparently would be a considerable de lay in the settlement of the Adriatic question. In his address before the chamber prior to the note the premier «ud that the situation at present was grave and that Italy was facing “the most acute phase of the immense crisis arising from the war.” Meanwhile, not withstanding the signs that Germany will accept the peace treaty the allied forces are prepared for her refusal of it. Marshal Footi, it is re ported will be in conimond on a front ex tending from the Rhine to the Danube should a forward movement be necessary Swiss advices say that Italian forced have begun to occupy Vorarlberg, i n the extreme western part of Austria, in an ticlpation of a refusal on the part of T Germany or Austria to meet the allied terms. Switzerland, is prepared to maintain her neutrality having called out troops to guard her northern frontier. SSb 111 LEAGUE SPEECH i Washington.—A warning that the league of nations may end the separation of church and state and bring the civil ized world under the domination of the Vatican, was given in the senate today by Senator Sherman, republican Of Illi nois. wbo declared the Roman Catholic Church would be represented |„ thK league assembly by twenty-four vole* out of forty-five. “ « ar, y <we." said the Illinois sen.ilor. the occupants of the Vatican believed in the Inherent right of panal authority to administer civil government So far as a layman can discover the ivatlca* still believes It ought, and would jlf the power permitted, assume to admln f Istcr ecclesiastical and civil government as its Joint, exclusive and paramount "Of the original thirty-two member na tions signatories to the tiro posed league twenty-eight are Christian nations and "f other faiths Of these twenty, eight Christian nations, seventeen are Catholic nations, either a majority or an overwhelming preponderance of the popu lation being of that religious faith, and eleven are Protestant. The Catholic mem bers fire Belgium, Bolivia Brazil Cuba Ecuador, France, Guatemala. Haiti ip.n duras, Italy. Nicaragua, Panama. ' Peru Poland, Portugal, Uruguay and Ozecho- Slovakla The seventeen nations will lie represented In tlx- league In all human probability, by Catholic delegates " urnan V '?, h J lro * 1 represents In Its mem bership nlther a maporlty or slmost an entirety of the several population* The swav over those people and their Implicit I faith In the Infallibility of the lic*d of this great religious organization Iz su preme Ft Is a power for good. I cheer fully hear witness to Its support of stable government, and above all Its steady op p°aH?n. ,*■ ftmlallßtio stats, disorder and Bolshevism In Its various forms snd manifestations But the head nf the proclaims and teaches hls Infal libility. The separation of church and state might continue. The peril lie* in the claim of papal power never shlnred never disavowed The temptation to enl fores that belief might hreek down every hftrrter built up by centuries of struggle and sacrifice. "Khali the United States commit Itself to the mercy of s power from which our ancestors delivered us? Shall we risk entangling ourselves and our posterity In the tolls ws have Inherited through their wledom and the warnings they left to guide ua in the duties and perils of our (Continued on page five.) Instructions to Paris Delegation Comes Close on Heels of Or lando’s Resignation From the Cabinet After Failure to Get Backing of Deputies Paris.—The Italian dele gation to the peace confer ence has been directed from Rome to accept the 'proposi tion for th* settlement of the Dalmatian controversy made by Premiers Clemen ceau, Lloyd George and Pres ident Wilson, according to the Paris office of Reuter’s Limited. Paris.—The resignation of Premier Or lando’s cabinet should the king; of Italy decide to accept It, would, according to conference circles, reeult in the indefinite postponement of the Adriatic question as It would Involve the appointment of a new set of Italian delegates to the peace conference. This raises an additional question as to who will Hign the German treaty for Italy on Monday. Rome. -“Remain faithful to our duties toward thp allies” was a passage In the address or Premier < >rlando. which turned the tide against the premier ami resulted In the adverse vote whieh had its sequel In the resignation of the Orlando cabinet. The premier’s words aroused the. anger Jind hostility of %e deputies, several shouting across the chamber at she gov ernment bench from which the premier was speaking There was s great tumult and cries of "the allies have never been faithful to us. Why should we be faith ful to tSkcmf* Signor Orlando s fateful utterance so stirred the deputies that the remainder of hls speech received but little attention. The IntraiiHigeant socialists, led by depu ty Modegiiani, were especially violent, while the discontent of the others waa I voiced by Francesco Nittl, former minis ter of the treasury. Dealing with the political, economic and financial Hltiiatbm of Italy In regard to peace with Germany and Austria. | Signor Orlando said: "These have been solved in a manner i such uh we can. on the whole, feel satis- I fled with, lb sides, we have obtained the determination of our northern frontier formed by the HigniMeant barrier which I nature placed as Italy’s bulwark. "Regarding the eastern Adriatic fron tiers, Italy has not refused to discuss I such solutions as an capable of Insuring an agreement of ail the great lowers, but I failing which Malay remains firm In d**- 1 mandlng those territories granted her by a solemn pledge of validity which was acknowledged by our allies, who declared that thc.se same territories were to he as signed to Italy as a reward for her en tering the great struggle." Rome . The Italian government resign ed last evening after sn adverse vote against It In the chamber of deputies I'remler f>rlando. in announcing hls resignation and that of the cabinet said King Victor Emmanuel had reserved de cision as to accept awe. The « hamher of depatio* had, by a vote of 259 to 70. rejected I'remler Orlando’s motion In favor of dlsnissfftg the ques tion of confidence which related to the foreign policy of the government, In secret session I'rlor ft the vote I'remler Orlando in addressing the chamber said "Italy's peace with Germany and Aus tria has been solved in a manner with which on th* whole. 1 f**l satisfied." Insisting on the ner«geity of a secret session, the premier declared that the government n*ed« d greater oonflden<ve and would treat his motion for a secret session as a question of confidence. The socialist Immediately opposed this. Hlgnor Orlando In hls adores* sakl Italy 4 * position had been (smsiderably ag gravated by international events during the second fortnight of April fie re ferred to I'reslderif Wllwon, a message regarding the Adriatic question The Italian delegation at the peace confer ence, the premier added, had followed this policy "First Maintain with firmness ad the essential points of the ffsllsri claim*, without which Italy is convinced peace will be neither Just nor adequate to the immense sacrifice* suffered "Mec*md K'-rnaln faithful in ymir du ties toward the allien "Third Avoid any blind form of ob stinate fritrarialgeanre Indeed facilitate conciliatory suggestions capable of pro ducing accord in the conference over the problem concerning Italian front Ire s" Hlgnor Orlando urged parliament to separate the of foreign af fairs from the internal policy of the coun try, the latter being virtually absorbed In the grava question of the high »ost of living Mast history showed, he said, (Cootlftotri On Past FlvaJ ;<FULL LEASED WIRE.) Erzberger Has Lead Place on Armistjce Body SCHEIDEMANN REGIME RESIGNS AND NEW GOVERNMENT IS BEING FORMED—PRESIDENT EBERT ALSO REPORTED ABOUT TO LOSE HIS PLACE Coblenz.— Gustave Noske, the minister of defense will succeed Philip Scheidemann as head of the German ministry according to a Weimar dispatch received here today. Ma thias Erzberger, of the German armistice commission will succeed Count von Brockdorff-Rantzau as head of the Ger man peace delegation, the message adds. Early advices had indicated that four members of the Scheidemann cabinet were insisting: upon the signing of the treaty, and it is presumed here that this caused the fall of the ministry. Pari*.—lt is understood here that the fall of the Scheide mann government entails the fall of President Ebert. The national assembly probably will take measures to select a successor to Herr Ebert. Weimar.— The cabinet, although it has resigned, will continue in office temporarily until President Ebert has been able to form a new one. Pari*.— The Scheidemann government in Germany has fallen, it was learned here today. News of the event, re ported during the morning, was confirmed later by military advices through Coblenz from both Weimer and Berlin. Gustave Noske, the minister of defense, is said to be forming a cabinet in succession to the Scheidemann minis try. The downfall of the Scheidemann government was made known by the American delegation to the peace con ference. It is believed to assure the signing of the peace treaty by Germany, as Philipp Scheidemann, the premier, was understood to be the chief opponent to acceptance of the revised peace terms. Paris.—Ail report* concerning change* In lhi* German ritbinfit are premature, hhvh mii official German wireless rn<‘S*age *ent from Naum at one o'clock this aft ernoon. The message adds that the national iHHHnliiy failed to get a majority of Its members to favor signing the peace ternia. The text of ttie mAMUige reads "The national assembly at Weimar tried to constitute a majority In favor of signing the peace treaty. That wum Impossible because of division among the. part I oh. “All new* regarding change* in the 'ablnot la premature. Washington, D. C.—Kali of the German eablriet wum not unexpected by official* bore. who km hi today they had hail In formation that a coalition cabinet of ho elallHtM and Independent socialists was to be formt-fl. Welrnar (Thursday, June 19, by The Associated Pres#.)—The German cabinet will faJI tonight, It la learned from au thentic source* fount von Hrorkdorff- Kar.fzau. the foreign mlnlHter. and Phll- Ipp Bcheldemann, the chancellor with a f< w others, will resign because they will not sign »he treaty. Gustav Noske, min ister of ifefen **■, or Her man Mueller, ma jority social! vt lesder. will he chosen chancellor by President Kbert, It Hi salh. Nonke ih very i-opular. not only with the right wing of his own party, hut with the conservatives, since he was able to protect property during recent disorders In liorlin. He la unpopular and even BORDER SITUATION CONTINUES QUIET El Paso, T•**•,—-With Mexican federal troops moving to a numbar of districts where A merle* ns are Mt work In Mexico snd with local officials of both sides tnk Ing a more optimistic view of the situa tion ms a result of announcements from Washington that the Washington federal government would act to Protect Ameri cans from any possible violence, the situ ation on the border appeared more qulst today than for some time past Five hundred Mexican federal troop* started yesterday to protect the American Mormon colonies near *'u sas Grande* Hcattertng hands of Villa men have been reported from various point* along the border, but little Importance Is at tached to their appearance as It U thought they axe merely straggler*. HOME EDITION THE VVEATTIER and vicinity: Local thunder showers. • haled by the radical* of his party and th* independent socialists, because of the rig or with which he suppressed disturb nnres. A meeting will he held late to night to determine the members of the new cabinet The new cabinet, according to report, will sit until 3 o'clock Friday morning, and will presumably settle the question of signing the treaty. It Ih oxorrted to accept the aided terms, although experts Who have considered the treaty have unanimously rejected It as impossible. Several members of the old cabinet will retain office, among them being Mathias Krxberger. Kduurd David and Colonial Minister Eiell. Huron von fUchthoftn said fids after noon that tiie new cabinet will sign the treaty, but "on candltion". Although he did riot state what condi tions were meant, It is believed that they will bo In the form of demands upon the Jgntente, the ranting of refusal of which would not hinder the signing of tiie treaty. NACE GIVEN FREEDOM BY A COURT-MARTIAL Ayer, Maas.—Private Pan! Deafer Niue, whotic answer to a charge of desertion was that he had been kidnapped and hold prisoner on hoard s tier man sub marine was given bis full freedom today a/U-r the finffTVig of the court martial ac quitting him was approved by Major- General H P, McOiin, commander of ('amp Devon*. He disappeared from f'arnp Devctis in May, 191 k. and on October Iffh reported to the military authorities at Fort Story. Va. In the Interim, he said, he wan held try the Germans who sought to ob tain airplane secrets from him He whs finally freed about two mile* off f’a|»e Henry, Va , and swam ashore from the submarine, according tn his testimony. VESSELS FOR THE PACIFIC FLEET LEAVE IN AUGUST Washington, D C.- Vvswls of th* prna *>nt Allsritlr flest whlrh ar* to h.. assign ed to th* now Pacific fleet probably will leave for tlie ateel roaal via the Panama tlanal early In August. In rnaklna 'hi* arinmjnoemnnt lo<lny Ihe navy >li|utrl. ment aald Hecretary lianlsla probably would be a paaaenaer on one of the bat tb-eblpH unlean Home unforeseen circum stance made thla plan Impracticable One of the ships of the new Pacific fleet will he the superdreadnauaht Ida ho, the newest development of the navy. ASSEMBLY] ACTS UPON] DOCUMENT, SAY WIRES London. The German j national assembly at Wei- j mar has accepted < treaty, according to an Ex- ] change Telegraph dispatch 4 from Paris. < If the national assembly at Weimar has taken the ac tion reported in the forego ing agency dispatch, it has passed upon the peace treaty a day earlier than the last direct advices from Germa ny and indicated. Dispatches from Berlin received Thursday night stated that the assembly was expected to make its final decision on the treaty on Saturday. It was added that in all probability the assem bly would decide to order that a plebiscite be taken. London.—A Reuter’s dis patch from Weimar states that a meeting Thursday of the centrist members of the German nationaT assembly decided by a four-fifths ma jority in favor of signing the treaty of peace with reserva tions regarding responsibil ity for the war and the honor of the German nation. The German national par ty, it is stated, is unanimous ly resolved against signing. Fifty-six members of the Ger man democratic party voted against signing the allied terms while eight others vot ed that the treaty be signed conditionally and one was in favor of signing without con ditions. Coblenz.—Four members of the German cabinet fa vored acceptance of the re vised peace terms, according to the correspondent of the Cologne Zeitung, telegraph ing from Weimar. They were Mathias Erzberger, Johan nes Bell, Gustav Noske and Eduard David. The Frankfort Zeitung ed- t itorially has taken a firm po sition in favor of acceptance of the treaty. Paris.—lt is reported here that the Germans have asked for a further extension of the time limit within which to act on the peace treaty. London.—The signing of the peace treaty by German/ an Exchange Telegraph dis patch from Copenhagen quoting advices from Wei mar says, is as certain as if the signatures had already been put to the document. S. S. IMPERATOR EXPECTED TO DOCK DURING DAY New York. The steamship I m per a tor bringing Dr. Kpltacio PeHOA, president elect of Brazil, was expected to dock hero shortly after .1 o'clock. An official official welcoming delegation from Wash** Ington, headed by Breckinridge Long, third assistant secretary of state, is A New York to receive the distinguish*# S#uth American as the nation's gueflf. The Brasilian warship Sao Paulo Is In the harbor and a dinner in Dr. P*ssoa’* honor will Is* given aboard the vessel to night A special train will take the. president-elect and his party to Washing* ton tom of ro i Dr. Pernsoa left Fra rice on the French cruiser Jeanne d’Arc, but was transferr ed to the Impcrator nt sea when the war ship became disabled, STARS AND STRIPES STAFF ON WAY TO AMERICA Pari*.—After sixteen month* of con stant service with the American expedl- J tlonary forces the personnel of the Btorsi and Stripes, official newspaper of the American expeditionary fortes, compris ing 145 men and two officer*, left Pari a this morning on the way home A small force remains behind to liquidate strag gling amounts. A check for approximately 3, SAO. 009 francs It Is announced, will soon he om Its way to the United Staten treasury at. Washington, representing the net profit* of th** publication at the time of tta* suspension List Friday. This surplu*. it Is hoped, will be turned over to lb* French war orphans.