Newspaper Page Text
SUNDAY, APRIL 22
Gutson Borglum to Begin Work of
Carving Confederate Memorial on
Stone Mountain Next Tuesday Night
. Pictures of Central Group of
' Figures to Be Projected
on Mountain Side
ATLANTA. Ga.—Work on -the most
stupendous piece of art ever to be
undertaken in the history of the
■world will be begUn next Tuesday
night when Gutson Borglum, noted
sculptor", will start his huge task of
carving a Confederate Memorial on
Stone Mountain, near Atlanta. This
huge monument, if completed accord
ing to plans will tower above any
other monument on earth.
On Tuesday night, Mr. Borglum will
project on the side of the mountain
the pictures of the first and principal
group of figures which he proposes
to carve. The large panoramic monu
ment will extend 1,109 feet from left
to right and 200 feet from bottom to
top, If completed.
Mr. Borglum( providing weather
conditions are favorable will have
the outlines of the central group
marked out In white paint in time
for the gathering of southern gover
nors and prominent men and women
from all seotions of the country, ,to
be held in Atlanta next Friday and
Saturday, at which time the gigantic
project will be formally inaugurat
ed.
Ready to Begin Operations.
Having devoted the whole of his
leisure time for the past eight years
to preliminary wotlc, and having
overcome difficulties which would
have crushed the resolution of a
less dauntless man, Mr. Borglum Is
now ready to begin actual opera
tions.
Hie private engagements as a
sculptor are nearing completion.
k When he finishes a commission for
the city of Newark and another for
the city of Chicago, which will bo
very soon, he intends to take n<£
more commissions, but to move to
Atlanta, and devote his whole time
for the balance of his life to ear
ning through the Stone Mountain
Confederate Memorial.
When the- meeting is held next
Friday, he hopes to be able to show
the southern governors and their
representatives, and the prominent
men and women assembled her#
from ail parts of the country, an
outline In white paint on the tower
ing mountain of the central group
of figures which are to he the first
ones carved in the living granite.
Staggering Obstacles.
In a gtneral way, the world has
been told of the magnitude and
splendor of this groat project, but
in the working out of it to its pres
ent stage there have been innumer
able details and staggering obstacles
of wlsiOb the world knows nothing.
‘‘lt took me six months to con
vince Sam Venable that the thing
was feasible,” * said Mr. Borglum
Tuesday.
t Mr, Venable is the gentleman who
owns the mountain. Having been
ai! over it, and having been en
gaged in the granite business prac
tically all his life, and having stood
on the mountain summit and looked
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down over the awful precipice on
the northern side, Mr. Venable's
skepticism is somewhat natural'.
But Mr. Borglum convinced him,
and now the ambition of Mr. Ven»
able’s life is to see the great proj
ect carried to completion." He has
done his part, and more by making
a deed to the whole of that portion
of the mountain required for the
purposes of the memorial, and has
personally financed, with Mr.
Borglum, practically all of -the pre
liminary cost.
Many Others Skeptical.
Mr. Borglum has found it diffi
cult to convince others that
the project was feasible. The Idea of
carving a granite picture 1,100 feet
long and from 100 to 200 feet high
on the face of a granite mountain,
was something naturally calculated
to raise a reasonable doubt as to its
feasibility.
But now everybody seems to be
persuaded that the ihhig can be
done, and all minute details have
been worked out by Mr. Borglum
and his technical advisers, and pub
lic interest at the moment turns on
the questions. "When will work
start?” and “How is the project to
be financed?”
Mr. Borglum was invited in 1915
by some ladies belonging to the
U. D. C. to come to Atlanta and
pass judgment on their idea of carv
ing on Stone Mountain a bas-relief
statue of General Robert E. Lee.
He looked at the north side, which
does not slope off gradually like the
other three sides, but drops in a
precipice almost a thousand feet
from summit to base, and the Idea
struck him:
"A statue of General Lee would
look about as large on that stupen
dous background as a postage stamp
on a barn door.”
Sculptor Challenged.
And with characteristic bluntness
he told the ladies just that. And”
then and there they abandoned their
plan and challenged him to produce
some greater plan, in keeping with
the magnitude of the granite prec
ipici .
And he produced the plan, or the
idea, of utilizing the whole enormous
sweep of the mountain side as the
background of a picture in enor
mous panorama, and full bas-relief,
of the leading military and political
figures of the Southern Confederacy,
flanked on rights and left by infan
try, cavalry and artillery.
And today he Is ready, after eight
years of waiting and eight years of
work, in the course of which the
major portion of the World war In
tervened, to b p gin actual operations.
And Thesday night he will pro
ject on the face of the first and
principal group of figures.
His initial problem, after working
out his idea, was to get the figures
planted on the face of the precipice
in the right proportion, and the right
location. He first conceived the
idea of painting on glass window
panes, on the side of a studio look
ing towards the mountain, a minia
ture picture of his project, group
by group, and of standing behind
Johnson, Reynolds 4
& Sikes
942-944 ELLIS ST.
PHONES 820—821.
this picture and “sighting” through
it to the face of the precipice, and
having men suspended by steel ca
bles with brushes and white paint
to skftch in the outlines, while be
directed them by te ephone.
Finds Plan Not Feasible.
Experiments demonstrated that
this was not feasible. Then he con
ceived the idea of a projection lan
ters which would throw the picture
on the face of the precipice, and
keep it there while men suspended
by cables sketched in the outl nee.
But this Involved the problem of
men working at night, against the
face of a stupendous precipice, with
the wind howling around them, not
able to ste what they were doing,
and blinded by the light of the mon-
Bter lantern behind them.
And so the problem evolved in
somewhat this form:
To put on the mountain at night
an outline of the figures i—to pre
serve this picture until daylight; to
have It then sketched in; to step
back 1,000 feet or more and survey
Us proportions, and its location': to
rub It out if necessary, should any
thing be wrong, and project and
preserve and plant it in again; then
to begin the actual carving.
How could this be done?
The first thing necessary was to
get a lantern which would throw
a picture 800 fret. Mr. Borglum
consu ted the largest American jpati
ufaeturer of lenses. cameras ahd
lanterns. They figured and figured
on hts problem and came back with
the answer that a clear-cut, well-de
fined picture could not be projected
more than 300 feet. They cited nil
sorts of difficulties, even at that dis
tance.
It happened that Mr. Borglum had
in his studio, in Stamforu, Conn.,
an immense camera lens from a
camera ho bad once used to take a
picture 18 by 20 Inches. He and an
assistant rigged np behind this lens
a powerful electrict light and com
menced to experiment in throwing
pictures through it from an impro
vised lantern s'ide. They found that
the lens woutd project a distance of
500 feet.
Mr. Borglum chanced to make the
acquaintance of Edward S. Porter
president of the Precision Mach'jte
company, which manufactures the
well-known “Simplex” motion pic
ture propection machine. He enlist
ed the interest of Mr. Porter to such
an extent that Mr. Porter focused
the entire resources of his technical
staff on the production of a lantern
slide machine which would throw a
picture on a granite mountain preci
pice from a distance of 800 feet.
(This, by the way. being the very
clossest approach Mr. Borglum coukl
make to the mountain without los
ing all perspective.)
Lantern Is Produced.
To make a long story short. Mr
Porter produced the lantern. He
came to Atlanta with it and accom
panied Mr. Borglum to Stone Moun
tain and put it up. Mr. Borglum
in the meantime, had built a wire
line a distance of nearly a mile to
bring eelrtric current from the
nearest powtfr line. They rigged up
the lantern, which Is an immense
thing, and slipped a slide into It, and
turned on the current, and instantly
the slide cracked from the intense
heat of the current. But they kept
on experimenting until they got a
slide which would stand the heat
reasonably well, and to their inex
pressible delight they saw the tiny
picture magnified n thousand tirms
and projected through space to tho
black wail of the granite precipice
800 feet away.
And then and there Mr. Bbrglum
was confronted with another prob
lem, which was to "fix” that pic
ture on the granite and hold it
there until assistants could let them
selves down by cables In daylight
and sketch In the outlines with
white paint.
And he commenced figuring on
the Idea of Immersing the precipice
In a bath of nitrate of silver, which
Is the chemical used to sensitize
photographic plates; and of putting
the picture on that sensitized sur
face. and of preserving It there with
‘‘developer’' nrd “hypo" and the
other chemicals used in photog
raphy.
Problem Solved.
And at last ho solved this prob
lem, and satisfied himself by numer
ous experiments, that his solution
was feasible, and now *he Is r'arty
to throw his first picture on the
mountain Tuesday night, and hold It
there by the photographic process
until day’lght allows his assistants
to sketch in the outline with white
paint.
Meanwhile, In his studio In Stam
ford. In his spare moments, he has
made In clay the miniature models
of the principal groups which he
papposes to carve In has-'reiief on
life granite precipice He has photo
graphed thfsn models pn lantern
slides. He will use the slides to
project the groups upon the side of
the mountain, exactly as a motion
Picture is projected from the small
lens of a motion picture machine up
on the screen.
The lantern slides are about the
else of a kodak picture of small di
mensions—say two by three inches.
Hut the picture they project upon
the mountain Is of such stupendous
proportions that the figure* in the
picture will be literally In scale with
the mountain itself.
The central group will show Pres
ident Jefferson Ha vis, General Rob
ert E. I.ee, General Stonewall Jack
eon, Genera! A'bert- Sidney John
•ton and one or two other outstand
ing figures of the Confederacy.
Some idea of the Immensity of
the has relief can best be conveyed
by the following figures:
The head of the horse of General
T,es will he thirty feet In height
from tip of ears to tip of nostrils:
while the figure of General I.ee will
he 120 fe,t in height from the crown
of his hat to the heel of his hoot.
Will Dwarf Sphlnxea.
The fuee of the larg *t of the
sphinxes of Kgvpt Is about twenty
feet wide and this la consider'd
the world’s most stupendous monu
mental worlf. But the hend of Gen
eral I.ee’s horse on the face of Stone
Mountain will b» ten feet higher
than the width of the sphinx’s sac-.
To the right of the central group,
aa you. look at, the mountain, will
he a group of cavalry commanders.
Including General l"orrest. General
Stuart. General Moaby and Oemral
Wh'eler. and flanking them a troop
of horsemen numbering some forty
or fifty figures. Above, and to the
right of the cavalry wll' be a ma
jestic artillery group In similar
sea!., •
To th* left of the central group
wll he the Infantry, atrrtrhlrg on
to the distance to the extreme lift
limit of the psnoramn regiment aft
er r’glmeet, ail of them marching,
swlft'y, thirsting for the fray, cncti
figure exrpr'ssinc the Indomitable
courage of the Confederate army,
From the left to the right will cov.
or a str'frh of Mb') fert, and
from the top of the top fleuri- to
the bottom of the bottom figure wilt
cover a height of 2'!<i feet.
Idea of Mspnltude.
If you w’sh to visualise the mag-
Ail Night
Wrecker Service
Phone
821
THE AUGUSTA HERALD, AUGUSTA, G-..
nitude of this picture carved out
of a granite precipice, remind your
self that the Candler building Is
hardly as high as the height of the
Panorama at its maximum height.
And be mind yourself that‘from
base to summit Stone Mountain
,here, on the northern side is a little
under 900 feet, or about wire a#
high ns the Washington monument,
and abopt four and one-half time
as high as the Candler, building
The Candler building could he
stood up on the ground at the base
of the mountain, on thi9 side, and
pould hardly reach up to the first
big ’ bulge” where the naked moun
tain face stands out above the tree
tops fringing its foundation.
If a sculptor were to hang sus
pended on this precipice and attempt
to ski tch the outlines of a group of
fissures, he would have a perspective*
about the same as the perspective
of a fly on the side of a warehouse.
Hence it was necessary to project
the figures upon the precipice frqm
a point the proper 4 stance away
from the mountain, and to mark In
the outlines from this projection,
and to measure them carefully from
a point bthlnd the projection point,
so ns to get them exactly in tho
right proportion and'the right loca
tion.
Each figure in tho principal
groups win | le ( n perfect ratio to
the figure of the man which it repre
sents. That is to say. if the figure
of General Lee was <S feet in height,
a model wil be made of him on
horseback in exact life size, and trie
figure on the mountain will be pro
portlonptely larger. Assuming that
he was 0 feet in height, standing
In his stirrups, his figure on the
mountain will lie twenty times that
high or 120 feet In height. And tho
figures of Davis and Jackson ami the
others in that group will be In exact
proportion, larger or smaller, taller
or shorter, as the case may be.
So that the whole panorama,
j when finally carved out in full has
rtdief, will present the appearance
of a stupendous and sweeping pictlre
of the 'actual men It represents, as
. though photographed from life and
engraved In granite.
A thousand years hence, or ten»
thousand years, when towering sky
scrapers may have crumbled Into de
bris, when only tho fragments of
our present civilization may remain
to tell the story of what we are to
day, tills eternal panorama will
stand out triumphantly upon tho
granite precipice, undestroyed and
indestructible.
Be'ow it will be found a mammoth
temple cut Into the mountain, IRO
feet long. 60 feet wide and 40 feet
high; leading np to tho entrance a
granite stairway cut into the moun
tain: looking into the temple a ma
jestic procession of windows, thir
teen In all, representing the thirteen
states of the Southern Confederacy.
At the mountain’s base will be
found a tranite stage in the semi
circular bend of tile precipice, and
facing this stage will be found a
gigantic amphitheater, immeasura
bly greajer than the dim»>-slons of
tho Roman Coliseum.
And historians of that day, should
humans then exist and historians
meditate, will wonder what man
ner of spectac'es were here present
ed to audiences of a dead and
buried past.
And searching alot.g the base of
the mountain th»y will find two
vaults cut into the granite, and in
them the last remaining dust of
two immortals—
Samuel H. Venable, the man who
gave the mountain to make a memo
rial to the cause which “rose so
white and fair, and fell so pure of
crime,” and,
Gutzon Boatlum, the man who
dreamed, when he looked upon that
mountain, the greatest monumen
tal dream oj all the agts, and trans
lated that 'dream into eternal and
undestructible reality.
sq.oo P „ v
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APRIL HOG NOTES
Instructions By State Col
lege of Agriculture
By W. S. RICE, Professor of Animal
Husbandry.
Ga.—The majority of the
spring pigs have now been farrowed.
After a litter is two weeks old, the
sow should be on full feed. Visually
the best ration to give her is the one
which is the cheapest and most pro
ductive of a large flow of milk, How
ever. the importance of feeding a ra
tion that is stimulating to milk pro
duction Is so great that economy be
comes of secondary Importance. The
amount of milk a sow gives deter
mines the rate of development of her
pigs durtnlg these weeks. The cheap
est gains that a pig will over make
will lie during the suckling period... |
.Feeds which are high in protein]
and mineral matter are necessary, be- I
cause milk is a muscle and bone
building food. Feeds high In these
two constituents are usually condif
sive to milk production. Such feeds as
tankage, shorts, akimtnilk or butter
milk must be used along with corn.
The following combinations aro good
and suggest the proportions by weight
in which the feeds should be given:
1 One part corn plus two parts
skimtnilk or buttermilk,
2 (Four parts corn plus one part
shorts) plus ten per cent tankage.
3 (Two parts corn plus one part
ground oats plus one part fehorts) plus
five per cent takage.
4 Three parts corn plus two paits
ground oats, plus ten parts sklmmllk
or buttermilk.
Pasture is a very valuable addition
to the regular ration. Succulent feeds
have the same effect upon milk pro
duction of a sow that they have upon
the dairy cow. The average dally
milk production of a sow during the
lactation period ia about five pints.
The average sow will lose from
.twenty-five to forty pounds of weight
during this period. A sow which has
a large litter and Is a heavy milk pro
ducer will not lose so much weight if
she is fed three times daily. Bo sure
to keep fresh* water before tire sow
and pigs at all times.
When the pigs are about three
weeks old a creep should be con
structed to which nil pigs can go and
eat from low troughs at. frequent In
tervals. A small quantity of shelled
"corn, shorts- and ground oats are good
feeds to keep in those troughs.
The male pigs should be castrated
when six weeks old or about two
weeks before weaning.
WEAN PIGS AT
EIGHT WEEKS OF AGE.
The usual time for weaning pigs is
when they are eight to ten weeks old.
If they have had up to this time the
advantage of a creep and good ra
tions, they will scarcely miss their
mother’s milk. Reduce the sow's ra
tions a few days before weaning. This
precaution will tend greatly to elimi
nate the conditions that favor inflam
ed udders or caked teats at wcunlng
time. The following (rations nre sug
gested for pigs at weaning time:
1 Corn, two parts;.
Shorts, one part.
Sklmmllk, one part.
2 Corn, five parts.
Shorts, three parts.
Tankage, one part.
The shorts nnd tankage m.ay be fed
in a slop, lint just ns good results nre
obtained by feeding from a self-feed
er
Be sure to keep the pies on pasture
If you have not planned a summer
pasture. It Is not yet too late to do so.
Cattail millet can be sown and will
make one of the very best summer
pastures. Followin'* Is the grazing
Seven days only to make
State and County Tax Re
turns.
rotation for hogs, which Is advised by
the Extension Division of tile Georgia
State College of Agriculture:
HOGS GRAZING ROTATION.
Field and Pasture Arrangement.
Permanent pasture 5 acres Bermu
da and carpet grass, Lespedeza clo
vers.
Rye. oats and -rape, followed by
peas and corn year.
Rye, oats and crimson clover, fol
lowed by soy beans and corn second
year.
Oats and wheat, followed by peas
and beans broadcast, third year.
Rye, oats and rape, followed by
peas and corn fourth year.
5 Acres.
Rye, outs and crimson clover, fol
lowed by soy beans and corn first
year.
Oats, wheat, followed by pcac. and
• l jim .-.nil
soy beans broadcast, second year.
Rye, oats and rape, followed by
peas and corn third year.
Rye, outs and crimson clover, fol
lowed by soy beans and corn fourth
year.
6 Acres.
Oats and wheat, followed by peas
and beans broadcast, first year.
Rye, oats and rape, followed by
peas and corn, second year.
Rye, oats and crimson clover, fol
lowed by soy beans and Corn, third
year.
Oats and wheat, followed by peae
ami soy beuns, fourth year.
6 Acres.
Alfalfa.
Rape-spring.
Sorghum or cattail millet late sum
mer.—Two acres.
\
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motor .cars
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Come by and let us show you
all the models that were exhibit
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We will be delighted to show
and demonstrate these cars to
you.
HOWARD HOLDEN MOTQR
COMPANY
621-523 Broad St.
Phone 357.
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The Want Ads of Tho Her
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hundreds of bargains every
single day.
Many of your merchant’*
sxtra special sales are adver
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IT S EAST!