Newspaper Page Text
BWIDAT, FEBRUARY r.
THE FARMERS’ FORUM
Small Farm Industries
By L. S. Wolfe
Many farmers of the South neglect
one of the most important features of
the farm, that is the building up of
the small industries of the farm, such
as the apiary, pigery, garden, orchard
and the flower garden.
The apiary would take very little
oi the farmer’s time, tn fact would
not interfere with his work at all, be
cause it would be a pleasant little job
for the women of the family. Then
the busy bees cost next to nothing
and are very profitable, because they
•are more than self-supporting. Be
sides the pin money the women can
get from the honey it adds much to
the farmer’s meals.
Pigs are a source of great profit as
they eat almost anything. Of course
it Is advisable to select a good hearty
easily kept breed; but even some of
the less thrifty breeds can be made
to pay handsomely. The pigs can
live and get fat following the fatten
ing steer, rooteng up old gardens,
drinking extra skim milk front the
creamery', in the orchards and pas
tures, also eating scraps from the
tables. Every farmer knows the ad
vantage of raising his own meet why
not raise hogs for the market?
If you have a real good breed
you could sell them for breeding pur
poses to your neighbor or even ship
them, and get good prices. There is
always a good market for pork.
Another industry to which so little
attention is paid, especially in the
South, is the raising of poultry,
Chickens and eggs are always iq de
mand and at good prices.
Of course every farmer has a few
old hens and running around
over the ploce; but no special atten
tion is given to them. If the farmer
would select a good breed of prolific
layers and good setters—gather the
eggs dally and set them regular, he
could make a good profit. This is
another one of the small industries
that could be run during the spare
moments of the day by the women of
the family.
Then the vegetable garden and the
growing of small fruits is often left
alone and neglected, to grow by them-
THE POULTRY CORNER
Need of Southern Corn
The Coming Season
Farmers in this section of the
south, I am sure will be interested
in the following article from the pen
of M. G. Kains, In the American Ag
riculturlst. Following this plan msana
a greater com crop for the south and
better farms:
The south is able to grow corn.
Testftnony is in from every south
ern state, proving corn to be one of
the moat useful and profitable crops;
it shows, too, that corn is the basis
of successful southern farming. With
more demands all around, higher
prices for food, clothing and other ne
cessities, and all wooial requirements
greater, it is now out of the question
to farm profitably on purohased corn.
When labor was abundant, cotton
high and corn cheap, a different order
of things could rule. But this or
der has changed. Corn now comes
first in the list and calls for atten
tion from every southern land tiller.
Cotton is not to he replaced, but
corn is lo have more general em
ployment. More corn means better
fed animals, ' more animals and a
more profitable system of farming.
The southern pork barrel must be
kept filled. But everyone knows
that cotton will not fill it. The pork
bkrrel is associated with corn, pas
ture and forage crops. Because of
this, I want to urge a stronger in
terest in com this year, net only f&r
larger acreage, but for better pre
peretion of soil and closer attention
te the details of cultivation, that not
oaly a larger total yield may -be pro
dueed, but that a far greater pro
duction an acre may also be secured.
I shall, therefore, oontinue to talk
corn and write about com for the
tenth with more urgency than evqr.
I' have grown oorn too many years
net to appreciate and understand its
wonderful possibilities; and nowhere
have I been so well pleased with the
crop as la the south. A com crop
rightly and -wisely raised Is not only
profitable but most satisfying. Not
a single southern farm can afford to
ignore corn this year. Besides, it
is sot fashionable to farm these days
without giving oorn a conspicuous
plaoe In the farm plans.
Aiid right now, I want you to think
about corn for this ooming year. It
is not one bit too early to begin ac
tive planning; in fact, now is the
right time-}® begin the preparation
on many lands if that work has not
already been done by good, thorough
fall and winter plowing. The old
method of ridging up a few furrows
will no longer suffice In the modern
com field.
Corn lend should have tillage of
the beet and moat effective sort. To
be at tea beat com requires deep till
age and 8 to 10 Inches le not too
mseh. Q, however, this land of yours
that it te go in oorn le aocustomed
J selves and very often little is planted
!in them. x small truck garden pays
| better than tne main crop in many in
stances. And then the many crops
of the garden come on when the far
mer has nothing else to market—why
not take advantage of this for a
source of profit?
Hotels, restaurants and housekeep
ers besides fruit stores, and markets
will always pay a good price for fresh
vegetables. Then again there is the
farmer's own table to consider. Its
! lots easier to work when you know
jyou have a good substantial vegetable
dinner awaiting you—grown by your
own hands, too. Why sell cotton and
buy food when you could plant a gar
den at such a little cost?
Plant a few good apple, pencil, pear
plum and pecan trees around your
place, of course not where they will
shade too muen of your crop; but in
i the lots and pastures. They will be
ia source of great pleasure to the fain
lily and fruit can be readily sold at
I good prices. They need practically no
I cultivation after they once start to
i bearing except the ground should be
opened up around the roots and some
fertilizer applied: but this takes iffljy
little time. If you get trees free from
disease yoti will have little trouble
from that source. Insects can now be
fought better than ever before. Your
State Entomologist will advise you
free of charge.
Flowers geautify a place wonderful
ly and there are very few women
who do not raise a few of them —why
suggest to the women of the family
that they get some good varieties and
cultivate them. Besides being a great
source of pleasure they can be profit
ably raised. Many florists get rich, in
a good number of our smaller cities
there are no florists and there is al
ways a demand for flowers, for funer
als weddings, etc. Why not sell them
and make the profit.
All of these small industries of the
farm could be developed and the far
mer could easily make them a source
of a considerable income.
to shallow plowing, it will not do to
plow it deeply all at once. Several
plowings must be resorted to that flip
seedbed majl be gradually deepened.
An inch or two deeper at each plow
ing will do the stunt. But the en
tire field should be turned just as
deep as its condition will permit this
year.
If your soil has been fall or win
ter plowed, an occasional disking will
be just the kind of treatment, this
land will need; and this work you cau
keep up until planting time. This
continual condition; it will keep the
surface soil loosened up, enabling
water to get down deep into the sub
soil; and by preventing evaporation
it will hold the water in storage in
the soil for the growing season later
on. You know corn requires a good
deal of water, and even though the
amount of rainfall is large in the
south, much of the water is lost and
the crop suffers during mid-summer.
A big storage supply, secured during
the winter and spring season, cornea
in handily when hot July and August
are on.
Keep Seed and Fertilizers in Mind.
You should give close attention to
seed at this season, also. If your
supply has not been selected earefal
ly, if it is mongrel and of inferior
stock, then it will he money in your
pocket to get seed from some corn
breeder or good farmer who has been
growing seed with some skill and
who has taken more than the usual
care of it during the winter season.
But test your seed, even if you buy
it. A big crop of corn means a
right start. Com of low vitality and
of Indifferent germinating power is
not fit for seed purposes.
You will at this time also give
some thought to fertilizers; but Just
remember that fertilizers pay little
when the land is illy prepared. To
dribble a little fertilizer dope in the
hill or row is not a promising per
formance if you are after a big yield
of com; on the other hand, if the soil
has been well plowed and the seed
bed thoroughly prepared, fertilizers
will usually be responsive, even if bul
a small quantity is used.
The best land for corn is an old
pea stubble or a crimson clover field
The pea stubbie can be plowed early,
thus admitting of one field of corn
to be planted early in the season.
The crimson clover can either be pas
tured off, thus supplying hogs, cattle
or other live stock with early spring
pasture, or It can be made into hay.
in the latter case it means late plow
ing, but it is still in time for ensilage,
if it is your good fortune to possess a
silo.
Get out of the habit, also, of plant
ing com so far apart. Rows 6 feet
apart, with single talks in them from
3 tot feet, is a waste of effort and a
SCIENTIFIC DAIRYING
MEANS MORE MONEY
We are gradually getting away
from the idea that a man must h?
rich before he can engage in scien
tific dairying. Farmers are learning
that scentifle dairying consists in
making the best use of what they
have, and that they don’t need ex
pensive stock and equipments In or
der to make the business a scientific
one.
What we most need is for the great
mass of farmers to understand this.
Of course the dairy cow for the dairy
but with the common cow on our
farms the business of dairying can
be made a scientific one, for it only
includes gettting the most possible
out of that common cow and breed
ing her so that the grade of the herd
will be raised.
At the Minnesota Experiment Sta
tion are forty yearly records of com
mon cows. These cows were not se
lected by breed or type. They were
rather selected with the object in
view of having a true representation
of the native common cow. In round
numbers these cows averaged 275
pounds of butter in a year, or about
125 pounds more than the average
cow in the state is yielding. This
means about $25 less per cow than it
is possible to make the average cow
produce. This differenc is due sim
ply to different methods of handling
and feeding. More generous feeding,
better balanced rations, more regular
ity in feeding and milking, and
especially more comfortable quarters
for the cows would do for the com
mon cows on the farm just what It
has done for her at the station. Just
consider what $25 more per cow an
nually would mean for our farmers.
And the increased returns would be
nearly- all profit, too—Northwestern
Agriculturist.
Fashion in blood lines is continu
ally changing. By carefully studying
the records and analyzing the blood
lines of the winners, students of the
breeding groblem and practical breed
ers can foresee the change in fashion,
that is likely to occur. The breeder
who can do so and take advantage of
the coming change will reap the
greatest advantage from it. The safer
way for the average small breeder,
however, is to breed in the best of
those old, well-tested, successful pro
ducing lines that have been most suc
cessful in producing speed with uni
formity in the past.
GOVERNMENT WHITE
WASH RECEIPT
We publish again at the request of
many subscribers the following recipe
for white wash, which has been test
ed and found good.
Slack one-half bushel of unslacked
lime with boiling water, keeping It
covered during the process. Strain
ft and add a peck of salt dissolved
in warm water. Add also three
pounds of rice put In boiling water
and boiled to a thin paste; one-half
pound of powdered Spanish whiting,
and a pound of clear glue dissolved
in warm water. Mix all these well
together, and let the mixture stand
for several dptys. Keep the wash
thus prepared In ft kettle or portable
furnace, and, when used, put it on as
hot as possible, with painters’ or
whitewash brushes. This whitewash
has been found by experience to an
swer on wood, brick and stone near
ly as well as oil paint, and it Is much
cheaper.
WHERE THINGS GROW.
In the production of corn Illinois
was first, having harvested a crop of
298,620,000 bushels.
Kansas carried off the honors lu
winter wheat as she has for many
years. The total yield for that state
was 78,186,000 bushels.
Minnesota was first in the produc
tion of spring wheat, having a crop
of 68,557,000 bußhele.
Minnesota was also first in the pro
duction of barley, her crop of that
cereal reaching 82,800,000 bushels.
lowa was easily the leader in thu
produotlon of oats, harvesting a crop
which made 110,444,000 bushels.
lowa also produced the largest
crop of hay (6,460,0#0 tons,) and
loroed New York out of first position,
which she hae held many years.
Michigan produced more rye than
any other state, a crop of 8,704,000
bushels.
New York retained the lead in the
production of potatoes, her crop
reaching 34,850,000 bushels
The largest crop of tobacco (195,-
600,000 pounds) was raised in Ken
tucky.
North Dakota produced the largest
crop ot flax seed, 13,770,000 bushels.
sure start for a small yield. A little
calculation will show that you won’t
have ears enough, even if large, to
make a satisfactory yield. Put the
rows closer together; 4 feet- apart Is
ample. And have a stalk of corn
on an average tor every 24 inches.
This will mean business. It will
mean more oorn, less work and more
profit. All hands new ter a greater
southern corn crop.
THE AUGUSTA HERALD.
Be Careful About Your Seed
By J. C. McAutlffe
Therd used to be an old proverb
about never mind the weather so the
wind don’t blow aid the man who
framed it was quite a genius. Cold
weather, rainy weather, most any'kind
of weather, ’cept the windy kind, is
not so bad. But when the wind
comes tearing down over field and
forest and through the streets of
cities it is something fearful. To the
farmer windy weather brings trying
times.
In many sections of the country the
land becomes as hard as though pack
ed by heavy rollers. Sometimes it
stops farming operations and severely
checks the growth of plants that may
now be up and growing. It is prac
tically impossible to get seed to germ
inate under conditions like those
named and fanners should plan to
avoid putting seed in the soil at such
times.
During the spring there are many
days when it is almost impossible to
do anything for the wind, but there
is an old story to the effect, that the
east wind is the only one to be avoid
ed generally. From time immemorial
it is said that men and animals abhor
east winds and everything on earth
is- ill-humored during such days. In
this connection it would he a good
idea for folk in general to try to
guard against this ill-humor and
smile, no matter if the wind does
blow.
These days there are so many idio
syncrasies till men are pretty apt to
believe nearly everything, in a meas
ure, for really it seems that folk who
can tell straight tales are generally
able to back up their stories with some
Bort of a corroboration which will
make it seem plausible to those of
us who do not know better.
Speaking about the way folk are
doing things at present brings hack to
my mind some incidents connected
with the operation of a business in
which farmers are decidedly interest
ed —that, of seed growing and seed
selling. It is true that I am interest
ed in the work from a pecuniary
standpoint to a certain extent, but I
am far more interested in it from a
matter of principle. Though I have
Capons and Their Value
By L. S. Wolfe
Poultry raising Is Increasing very
much in popularity all over the
south; better stock is being raised
and more Intelligent methods are be
ing utilized than In (he past. But
very little attention is being paid to
the use of the making of capons. It
Is really surprising how many farm
ers do not even know what a capon
is. A capon Is a male bird with his
testicles or reproductive organs re
moved.
Capons demand much better prices
on tho market than cm ordinary fowls
inasmuch as their meat is uperlor in
tenderness and flavor. Southern ci
ties that are annually visited by
northern tourist ought to be good
markets for these castrated birds.
Then begins their value as an edi
ble they are almost Indispensable to
poultry raisers as care-takers of large
broods of young chloks. They can
care for more, and in a better way
for the chicks, than a hen can be
cause they are larger and have more
plumage. Neither hens nor cocker
els will associate with a capon and
as they naturally desire company
they will take care of young chicks
and go with them until the chicks
grow up and leave them. When a
IN CLEAN DAIRY WORK
KEEP AWAY FLIES
Especially In dairy work what Is
worth doing at all Is worth doing
well. No half way work will answer
the purpose. The same party that
needs the above advice Is also open
to the parting shot about the parade
ground for armies of flies. Who has
not seen .the separator and especially
the churn left for an hour or two ia
the hot sunshine after the regular
work was done, a sort of gathering
place for all the files in the com
munity. Not only does such careless
ness destroy good quality of iho milk
and butter but It causes the fly nuis
ance to accumulate and double their
force. Clean rooms and implements
are repulsive to flies, while dirty hab
its cause them to multiply. Here is
where the stitch In time saves nine
and a good way to take time by the
forelock is to have a tub of water
half full into whioh the implements
een be plunged as soon as used. This
[Will greatly discourage the fly nuis
ance and give you time to attend to
any Important matters that cannot be
put off and it prevents the milk from
drying on the churn or Implement
and thus making it very much hard
er to clean.
Kvery one who manages dairy
rooms should ba conscientious and
energetic in the fight with the fly
nuisance using first cleanliness ss a
preventive then such devices as wire
or mosquito nsttfng to keep them
Conducted By
J. C. McAULIFFE
had numberloss opportunities to da
so I really doubt if 1 have ever re
ceived enough money from the sale
of any seed sold through my writing
to pay for answers to correspond
ents. What l have sold has been
done through advertising.
However. I want to caution farm
ers against buying so-called improved
seed without careful Investigation and
inquiry. There is on the market much
seed that is really unfit to plant and
several seedsmen are handling them,
even some farmers, but thank good
ness, most of them are ignorant of
the fact.
But to illustrate this matter clearly
I wish to call attention to one par
ticular instance where more than one
seedsman is' involved. In this case a
party had some hundred and fifty
bushels of Mexican June corn for sale
and It was offered to a seed house at
a price where profits could be divid
ed, but in each instance the response
came that western grown Mexican
June corn could be purchased at a
much price.
This western grown corn is all
right for the territory west of the
Mississippi river, but in the eastern
half of the cotton belt it will do noth
ing, but bring profit to the seedsmen
It will not do half as good as Georgia
raised corn and consequently is not
really worth one-tenth as much for
seed, though Georgia Mexican June
corn can be purchased for about twice
the price of the western product.
I’m free to say that I’m going to
warn farmers whenever I can and
wherewer I can against impositions of
this sort. Any Georgia farmer knows
much more valuable native rye than
others and the same applies to most
other grain.
It will be a good thing when farm
ers get to studying this matter and
act accordingly. So be careful from
now', for seed are important.
Don’t buy too large an incubator for
the first attempt. One-hundred-egg
size is large enough if the hatch hap
pens to be a failure.
FOR PROFIT
AND PLEASURE
hen hatches out her brood take them
from her, give them to the capon,
shut her up and very soon she will
go hack to laying. .
Capons will take chicks of any size,
at any time and under almost any
circumstances. They are especially
valuable to the poultry raiser where
Incubators are used. The greatest
trouble In this method being the
raising of the chicks after they have
been hatched. Capons attain greater
weight as well as better moat than
other fowls, They can ba distin
guished from other male birds by
their greater also and smaller heads.
The larger breeds are the best to
bo made oapons for meat produc
tion while the nmaller and more ac
tive breeds make better care-fakers.
The operation of making capons or
capnnizlng Is comparatively simple
and the average person can perform
Jt with a little practice. The instru
ments required are a caponlzlng
knife, a pair of separators, a pair of
pinchers, a scoop spoon and a small
hook. The knife and pincers are
usually combined and the scoop
spoon and the hook are made to
gether very often. Sets of these In
struments can be bought at & prlco
from two dollars to five dollars.
out and never spill or turn out any
milk or slop near the dairy,
i Health and physical vigor are two
main points that are generally sought
in poultry. Whatever will produce
these should be apparent In the pen
of stock frem which eggs are select
ed for hatching. There are pens
where all requirements are satisfied
except cleanliness, and even this may
not dissuade a buyer If he sets his
eggs somewhat early In the season
and is carefui to keep his own pens
clean.
If the large farmer who allows his
birds unlimited range has advantages
as a poultry keeper ha has also some
disadvantages, and there Is no doubt
that with the reported results of re
cent research to guide him, the small
land holder can now have his in
nings. And he will find himself dn
as safe ground with only a few acres
devoted to Intensive poultry culture
as If he had a realm stocked at the
rate of only a few birds to the acre.
The roving hen is, indeed, said to
he a rolling stone, gathering no moss.
Her food is cheap; She finds lor her
self most of what she requires, but
she eats much that is not productive
of sggs or flesh when she runs over
a large area and is not dependent on
her owner to supply exactly the right
kind and quantity of food for the pro
duction of the maximum number of
eggs. The rations of the free-range
hen cannot ho regulated with the
same degree of nicety that is pos
sible with the hen in an Indosure,
WHITE BREAD ABOLISHED
IJ\ UNCLE SAM'S DOMAIN
MINNEAPOLIS.—By a ruling of
Secretary James Wilson, of the de
partment of agriculture, white bread
is abolished in the United States of
America.
The golden bread—the kind our
mothers used to make—will be the
result of this ruling—in place of the
wheat bread our wives and sisters
make.
Beginning Monday the millers all
over the country must stop bleaching
flour. But the bleached flour still in
stock may lawfully be disposed of un
til June 9.
There will be as much difference
between broad made from unbleached!
flour and the present bleached flour- j
bread as there Is between angel cake
and sponge cake. The flour will be
of creamy color instead of clear
white, and the bread will be light
golden in color. Bpt there will be
no difference in flavor.
Millers think they have the laugh
on Chemist Wiley, of the agricultural
department., who is responsible for
the ruling against bleaching materi
als. They have figured it out that
|dotlium nitrate, the chemical most
commonly used, is so little harmful
and is used in such small quantities,
that the consumption of 10,000 loaves
of bread baked from the bleached
flour would not kill a man—that Is,
the sodium nitrate wouldn't.
Figuring further, they say that If
one began to eat bread on tho day
he was born, at the rate of half a loaf
a day, and if he couid retain in his
system all the sodium nitrate, he
would be 55 years of age by the time
lie had consumed his harmful share
of nitrate.
But Chemist Wiley gets back the
laugh with the admission that the
bleaching materials are not in them
selves very harmful, but that the ob
ject of the ruling Is to make the flour
look natural.
Evidence taken at the bleaching
hearings brought out the fact that
the wheat grown in the northwest
niakog a flour almost as white as the
bleached product. Thu first, run of
the mill, likewise, is whiter than the
later run. On the other hand, tho
wheat grown in the latitude of St.
Louis and In tho more southern
states makes a yellow' flour.
Likewise It was brought out that
tho flour made from tho durum, or so
called macaroni wheat, requires
blenching before It Is mixed with the
ordinary variety. As the durum wheat
Is about 20 cents cheaper a bushel.
It. Is clear why the millers like to
bleach and mix this product.
,
THE CWf-AT
TAMPA BAY HOTEL
. j. t TAMPA, FL OHIO A
roufliH Yf/n
Winter Season, 1909
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Fireproof Httc! in AM Ftort(l;i
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t’.jflh, V bit) *•»''!»
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Mailt) *i, '• •’ n ’ /?’ T* 1 ffS <•
K’MPA HACJ »'♦
FLORIDA' STATt FAIH ASSOCIATION
ft'irii'sry ;»ml March.
MAM RKSEMVAfIONS CAHI f
To The Bunding Trad©!
We are pleased to advise that the eapaolty ot our Keystone
Lime Kline has been increased to now the largest in the louth, en
abling us to offer the famous
“KEYSTONE” WHITE LIME
in this territory for prompt shipment.
“KEYSTONE” Is the highest, priced, but the strongest, whitest
and best Lime for Brick Work and Plastering, It is packed in the
best cooperage.
We can soli you good TENNESSEE LIME at lower prloea.
Let us quote you Delivered Your Town, car lots or lees.
Carolina Portland Cement Co.
SOLE DISTRIBUTORS. CHARLESTON, S. C.
Fire, Fire, Fire!
You are safe from fire, wind and weather when yon buy
our roofings. Tin, Corrugated Iron, Rubber and Composi
tion Roofings. Our price is the most interesting part of it
Augusta Builders Supply Co.,
643 Broad Street. Telephone 821.
More Surprises, More Satisfaction, Better Goods.
Babcock Buggies have not only improved in grade and
material used, but the finish is always the highest class. No
matter what others claim, nothing better, The highest
quality of material throughout, the best painting, the beat
trimming anti the price moderate; in fact, all you want in a
fine vehicle—comfort, durability and style.
H. H. GOSKERY. 749-751 BRO4D STREET.
SUNDAY, FEBRUARY T.
The millers will bleaching
flour intended for the export trade.
Foreigners are accustomed to the nice
white appearance of the bleached
flour and will demand it. There has
been protest in England against
American flour, the complaint being
that Inferior grades of wheat and
even whole wheat were being worked
into flour that, by the bleaching pro
cess, was made to appear as of high
est grade.
It has been calculated that wheat
flour bread and crackers, pastry and
similar products constitute 19 per
cent, of the total food of the average
American family.
Digestion experiments with healthy
men have shown that the fine flour
bread is more digestible than the
breads made from the whole grain.
IOTICE TO HERALD SUBSCRIBERS
Beginning Saturday, February B,
1909, The Herald issues new receipt
cards to the weekly paying subscribers
and requests that every subscriber
shall get one when carrier or collector
calls to collect this week.
Notify the office If carrier does nett
leave card. WM. T. MeKENDREE,
Manager Circulation.
AN AGREEABLE CHANGE.
It was during the third act of a
melodrama.
"Aha, exclaimed the villain, "the
plot thickens!"
“Good!” cried a gallery godlet, "It
has been awfully thin so far.”—Ex.
Just the Thing
YOU’VE BEEN
LOOKING FOR.
Stork Folding Crib
Tho most convenient
article in the* form of a
crib ever put on tho
market.
Made all steel, white
enameled with brass
vases. When folded it
is only 4 inches wide
and weighs but 18
pounds; can be adjust
ed to fit any bed, wood
or iron; ean bo opened
or closed in a moment
and when not in use
may be folded and put
under the bed or any
small Rpaee.
Light, clean and san
itarv, while the price in
within easy reach of
every one.
Georgia Carolina
Furniture
Co.
904 Broad Street.
Formerly
J. L. Bowles Fur. 00.