Newspaper Page Text
SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 5.
THE FARMERS' FORUM
To Start With Livestock
IN THE SOUTHLAND
We may not be able to say that
“live stock men, like poets, must be
bom, not made;” but It is certain
that if they are to be made, the mak
ing must start while they are young.
In other words, it is extremely rare
that any man ever becomes a good
live stock man who does not as a
boy grow up In the correct care and
management of live stock. This is
the greatest obstacle which we have
to overcome —to acquire the habits
and knowledge of the successful live
stock grower. At present our farm
ing habits are not those which suc
ceed in the growing of live stock. To
succeed with live stock it will never
do to entrust to others that which
we can do or look after ourselves.
“The eye of the master fattens his
cattle” is a saying which illuminates
the spirit of successful live stock hus
bandry. This Is not in keeping with
the habit of our farming, a large part
of which is done by the manager and
renter and not under the eye or by
the hand of the owner. This and
our lack of experience have been re
sponsible for more failure in live
stock husbandry in the south than all
other causes combined.
We may put down 'the following as
essential conditions for going about
the growing of more live stock, in the
right way:
Silage and Cattle Feeding
By FELIX WILLIAMS
After a few years’ experience with
gilage I am thoroughly convinced
that it is the best dairy feed and the
cheapest. I don’t see how any dairy
man can get along without it, at the
present price of grain feed. I am
sure I would have to go out of the
dairy business if it were not for sil
age.
I speak of corn as a silage crop
because I am sure after trying many
other crops that it is the best and
the cheapest. On well-prepared, lib
erally fertilized upland we easily
grow ten tons per acre. It costs us
one dollar and fifty cents per fpn to
grow it and put it into the. silo. We
give com enough distance so that it
will have ears on every stalk, and
the, 'ears are generally heavy. When
it comes out of the silo it. is bright
and juicy, and you can see the grains
of corn in every handful.
There are some special varieties of
corn for silage which give better re
sults than common ear corn. Among
these are the Virginia Ensilage and
the Eureka or Improved Cocke’s Pro
lific. The Virginia Ensilage has some
THE POULTRY CORNER
MUCH PROFIT IN POULTRY
By P. X. SHELTON
Poultry can be made a source of
great pleasure as well as profit. Let
us consider, from a business stand
point, the mission of the hen. I am
writing about pure bred chickens—-I
have no time for mongrels, and there
is no room on my farm for them.
I prefer the American breeds to all
others. Why? Because they are
the dual purpose sowl —producing
both eggs and meat. The matter of
choice among these is merely a fancy
as to plumage. My choice is the
Barred Plymouth Rocks. First of all,
let the beginner settle on some pure
breed and keep no other. This is
from a farmer’s point of view and
not the fa(ncier’s, who keeps many
breeds). This will bring the ex
pense of fencing, housing, etc., down
to a minimum. Begin with a small
flock. If circumstances will not per
mit of a dozen, get a trio, and in
crease the flock, as one gains ex
perience. If you do not like chickens
and are not willing, or cannot give
them close attention, better turn the
task over to some one else, for the
hen requires a great deal of waiting
on to make her a success, I com
menced four years ago with sixteen
Barred Plymouth hens, all pure
bred. I bought two Barred Plymouth
Rock roosters, the best I could find
not kin to the hens. I started in not
to produce show birds, but egg pro
ducing hens. The mission of the hen
is to produce eggs. If it were not
for 'the eggs she lays there would be
very little room on the globe for
“Biddy.” It is a well established
fact that many hens, beauties though
they be, do not lay enough eggs in a
year to pay for their feed. In breed
ing for egg production two things are
necessary—trap nests and a leg band
on every hen. Each band must be
numbered differently, thus enabling
one to keep a correct record of the
number of eggs laid by each hen.
I never inbreed ?s this is sure to
result in weak chicks and is almost
sure to result in weak chicks and is
almost sure to rob the pullet of the
vital «power to produce eggs abund
antly!
I bjve pens 20x30 feet inclosed with
wirp netting for my breeders, and an
open field of five acres for a flock of
fifty hens. No roosters ran with
this flock of fifty hens,'as their eggs
are sold on the market Pen No.
1 is used for raising roosters for tho
(1) The personal attention of the
owner to the feeding, care and man
agement of the live stock.
(2) A determination on the part
of the owner to learn by reading and
observation all possible about the
breeding, feeding and management of
the live stock kept.
(3) A ’thorough preparation and pro
vision, before procuring the increased
live stock, for raisftig an abundance
of feed for it and for giving it the
best of care.
(4) A start made with a few ani
mals and no more added until It has
been demonstrated 'that the trial is a
success.
Even in those sections where hired
labor is the most experienced and re
liable it is a well-known fact that
success in live stock raising is rare
when the owner does not live on the
farm and give his personal attention
to its management. How much more
important is it, therefore, that here
in the south, where the hired labor
is neither the most intelligent nor re
liable, the owner of the live stock give
his personal attention to its manage
ment. We need more live stock on
our farms, hut it should and must
belong to and be oared for by the
men who live on and own those farms
if the best results are to be obtained.
peculiar virtue which makes a finer
quality of siiage. Cows seem to rel
ish it more than they do any other
sort. But the Eureka has always
made for us a better tonnage. It has
lots of fodder, always to ears to the
stalk, and it grows very tall.
I had often read that silage would
cut out half the expense of feeding.
I thought it an exaggeration, but it
is a fact. Besides that, it will in
crease the production one-fourth and
in many cases, much more.
The silo economizes in many ways.
Com for the silo is preserved when
it contains the most nutriment; it is
hauled directly to the barn, Is ’quick
ly chopped fine and packed into a
small space, and is ready for use any
time.
A silo is not an expensive thing to
build and there is no trick about put
ting one up. Any farmer can take
ordinary farm hands, and by follow,
ing the plans sent out by the depart
ment of agriculture to every one who
asks for them, build a silo that will
preserve silage perfectly.—Progres
sive Farmer.
coming season. In this pen are kept
ten of the best hens, with a record of
not less than 200 eggs each in one
year. I mate them with the best new
blood I can procure. The other five
yards of ten hens each wi’th records
of 200 eggs per hen in a year, are
mated to roosters produced from pen
No. 1. By this method I keep up
the standard of egg production. Only
the best egg producing pullets are
kept in these pens, and second best
go into the five-acre field to take the
place of old hens or are sold to sup
ply the demands of customers ut ?1
each.
I do not keep trap nests in the five
acre lot, because these hens being the
direct descendants of birds of proven
power for egg production, I am sat
isfied 'they will do their part, if I do
mine. I supply fresh water at all
times and it is kept in a shady
place.
The five-acre lot is planted to chu
fas, sunflowers and kaffir corn. Hens
can’t hurt these crops, on the con
trary, they benefit them. When ripe,
cut a few heads of sunflowers or kaf
fir com and drop them on the ground.
Then hens will do the rest. The chu
fas must be turned over with a plow
or pulled up.
When chickens are moulting I feed
heavy on sunflower seed once daily.
Hens in pens are fed kaffir com, sor
ghum seed and Spanish peanuts, with
an occasional feed of wheat bran.
Plenty of grit and powdered charcoal
are kept always before them. Each
pen in turn is let run out in the af
ternoon.
Keep plenty of straw or leaves in
pens and feed grain therein. Have
houses tight on North, East and West
sides and slatted on South side. Clean
daily In warm weather and once a
week in cold weather. Use plenty of
whitewash and kerosene on walls,
roots and nest boxes to keep down
mites.
I use incubators for hatching eggs.
The old setting hen with broken eggs
and a box full of mites is something
of the past. When chicks are dry
put them in the brooder. I use a
home made brooder which for this
climate I like euqally as well and is
much cheaper than other brooders.
Take any tight box 2x2 feet square
and deep enough to hold a gallon jug.
Make a lid and tack strips of bloth
to it, so they will hang down to bot
tom of the box. Fill a gallon jug
' THE GENTLEMAN FARMER,
• I'd like to hill the taters, I’d
• like to hoe the corn;
I’d like to rake the driveway, I’d
1 like to mow the lawn.
> I'd like to pick some beans for
‘ grub (I know we need a
' lot),
' I’d like to feed the horses; but
1 ft’s too darn hot.
1 I’d like to paint the fences, or
■ clean the horses' stalls;
• Or fix that leak upon the roof-or
• kalsomine the walls.
I'd like to fix the stovepipe, and
and all that sort of rot;
I’d like to clean the hen coop; ■
• but it’s too darn hot!
■ I’d like to—oh, confound the
thing; These everlasting
’phones
Are nuisances this weather! Hel
lo! Yes! That you Jones?
What? Eighteen holes with you?
Why sure! I’d Just as lief
as not;
Bu't say! You’d better start Be
fore it’s too darn hot!
—New York Sun.
THE LARGEST COTTON
MILL IN THE WORLD
Danville, Va„, will have the iargest
individual cotton mill corporation in
the South, and one of the largest in
the world, following the consolida
tion of the Riverside Cotton Mills and
the Dan River Power and Manufac
turing Company, effected at separate
meetings of the stockholders held
there a few days ago. The new com
pany will havo a capital stock of $7,-
000,000, with nearly $1,000,000 sur
plus. Four and a half million dol
lars worth of stock is preferred, pay
ing 6 per cent interest. Plans for
the merger were adopted at recent
meetings of the boards of directors
of the two mills, practically no oppo
sition developing among the stock
holders, says a dispatch to the Rich
mond Time-Dispatch.
The two concerns have been prac
ticaliy owned and controlled by the
same interests, and the success of
both has been marked. The River
side company, the parent mill, was
established twenty-eight years ago,
and has regularly paid 10 per cent on
both common and preferred stock.
The Dan River Mills were established
about eight years ago, and their
growth has been equally satisfactory.
Additions and improvements costing
more than $1,500,000 are now in pro
gress there.
The mills own 1,200 acres of land
near the city, asjd have three dams
across Dan River.
Pullets too well fed will not lay as
soon as those fed for healthy growth
only.
PURE BRED POULTRY
IMPORTANT JUST NOW
One might as wea try to make good
flour from poor wheat or good bread
from poor flour as to try to raise fine
chickens from poor breeding stock. It
Is an Impossibility. Yet how many do
we see working year after year along
this very line trying to breed hlgh-scor
ing, fine looking specimens from a lot
of scrub breeders. What are the re
sults? They can be calculated aa well
before as after, for like produces like
in a marked degree, with but slight vari
ations. But the valuable points will
show In breeding the beter class of
stock. We would much rather use an
ordinary Individual specimen bred from
a carefully bred and selected strain of
fowls in our breeding yards than the
very finest we could pick from a lot that
had been bred In a go-as-you-please man
ner. No fixed type no two chickens any
where alike, etc. How many beginners
foolishly spend the first two or three
years In the business by using cheap
stock to start with, trying each year to
lng new blood Into their stock. One
Improve their stock on hand by lntroduc.
year It looks one way, the next year
an entirely different way. Thus they
go until they have become fully con
vinced that they can reach no satlafac
tory basis with such a mode of proce
dure.
Then they drop their conglomerated
mixture In disgust and proceed to pur
chase a trio or pen from some acknowl
edged established breeder at a fair price
and are soon on the road to successful
breeding. The old and oft-repeated say
'ng of Davy Ortv-kott, “Be sure you are
right and then go ahead,” may well be
with hot water, wrap a clath around
the jug to keep from burning the
chicks and set the jug in the middle
of your box. Put. chicks around it
and put on the lid. In very cold
weather spread a few sacks over 'the
whole. Cut a small hole 3x4 Inches
at the bottom edge so the chicks can
run in and out in the day time, fix
a slide door to this and your brooder
is made. The jug must be refilled
with hot water morning and evening.
I feed chicks dry oa’t meal flakes
for two weeks then change to crack
ed corn, millet and kaffir com.
I subscribe to several poultry jour
nals and read them too. This en
ables me to keep abreast of the
times. Whenever I get hold of a
tried and proven cure for some of the
many diseases of chickens I paste l't
in my hat, but I have learned by sad
experience, that the ounce of preven
tion is worth all the cures.—Rural Ist.;
THE At) OUST A HERALD
Saving Sweet Potatoes
By w. F. MASSEY
If you grow many sweet potatoes
(and every Southern farmer should
grow enough to have a constant sup
ply for the table all the year through
and every day in the year), you
should make a potato house. Such
a house should be about 10 feet wide
! and as long as needed. We have
j some here that hold 5,000 bushels.
; Sink the house two feet in the ground
' in a location where no water can get
| in. But if water is certain to rise in
:an excavation in winter, then build
I entirely above ground. Set posts for
the walls and sheath Inside and out
side, and cover the outside with tar
paper and then weatherboard it. This
will give a dead air space to keep
out, cold. Make tlio side walls six
feet high and put on a double-pitched
roof, with a ventilator in thtf center
that can be opened and closed. Floor
over from the eaves to make a sort
of ooek-loft aboV?- that will be use
ful for onions and will keep cold out
from below. It will be best to put
slatted shelves on each side of a con
tral walk, so that the potatoes will
not be in too large a heap. Or you
can gather and put them in the venti
lated truck barrels and pile these in
the house.
Dig these when the soil is dry, and
THE NEED OF WINTER
LEGUMES IN THE SOUTH
The following is as strong a state
ment of the greatest need of most of
the soil in the Southern states as wo
have read. It Is understood that by
‘‘Winter legumes” is meant Crimson
and other clovers and vetch. Wo
would also include the summer le
gumes like cow peas ftnd Soy beans.
The beauty of the winter legumes is
that they make the soil work and
earn nitrogen, while otherwise it
would be an idle spendthrift.
It is my belief that a proper under
standing and application of winter le
gumes would mean more for the ma
terial prosperity of the South thaD
any other one thing. Properly used
they would he a gTeat, if not the
greatest, factor in conserving our na
tional resources. They would con
serve the natural fertility of the soil
(our greatest asset) better than any
thing else, because they naturally fit
in with our king crops—-cotton and
corn. It would increase the humus
content faster than any other rota
tion. It would improve the soil and
give a cash crop each year. My
brother ims some naturally poor sandy
land which gave two tons of Crimson
clover hay per acre, and now promis
es from 00 to 75 bushels corn per
acre. Winter legumes used properly
will be a gTeat help toward conserving
our forests, as with good land there
would be less desire for virgin soil.
THE LARGEST OF CHICKENS
The largest chicken bred and recog
nized by the American Standard of
Perfection (the guide to all thorough
bred poultry breeding) is the Light
Brahma; weiguts are, cocks, 12
pounds; cockerels, 10 pounds; hens,
9*£ pounds, and pullets, 8 pounds.
They have pea-combs and feathered
shanks. Their body color is white
with black stripe down the center on
each feather on neck, and black tails.
Inside of wings black, not showing
on surface when wing is folded. The
next range in size comes these varie
ties, all of the same weight: Dark
Brabams, Black, Buff, White and
Partridge Cochins, the weights being
just one pound lighter than the Light
Brahmas, all through. All feather
legged varieties, Che Dark Brahmas
are tho same in characteristics as the
Lights. The coloring is a black pen
ciling on a gray ground color, the
penciling being very narrow and con
forming to the edge of the feather in
shape. The male has a black tail.
The female’s tail is black, except the
two top fea'thers, which are penciled.
Cochins are next in size; weight,
cocks, 11 pounds; cockerels, 9
pounds; hens, 8% pounds, arid pul
lets, 7 pounds. The Cochins are noted
for their extreme full feathering with
very short legs, which makes them ap
pear to be almost a solid ball of fluf
fy soft feathers from head to toes.
applied here. Parties just starting to
breed fine fowls cannot be too careful In
malting their selections. It maters not
whether you are going into the show
room or not, the chances are that In
the course of ths-ee or four years breed
ing you will become dissatisfied with
your stock In hand, unless you have
used care In selecting the starters. What
does a few dollars amount to, well
Invested at tho start. Hupposa we do
spend |lO more than we had expected
tc had we purchased cheap stock. What
Does it amount to on a season’s produo.
tiou? Huppose we raiae one hundred
chicks from the stock purchased, It
would only he 10 cents more per head,
and who would not give that much
more for something fine? Y«:s i three
times that amount.
An acquaintance of ours told us the
other day that he had purchased addi
tional fine trending stock last winter
ard that ids crop of young stock was
good enougn to mue your eyes watei.—
Southern Purotsiu
Conducted By
J. C. McAULIFFE
do not let them be thrown Into heaps
in the field, but merely left along the
rows to sun well. When all are in,
start a fire either means of a box
stove and pipe running the length
of the house, or by a furnace and
fine like a tobacco barn if on a large
scale. In fact, an empty tobacco barn
well chinked can bo made to keep
potatoes very well, but will need
more winter firing than a well-built
potato house. Run the temperature
in the house up to 90 degrees with
the ventt’ator open, and keep this up
dany till the potatoes havo sweated
and dried off. After that there is lit
tle difficulty in keeping them, if sound
when stored. Watch the house in
cold weather ami try to keep it as
near as possible between 40 and 45
degrees, no higher nor lower. You
will seldom need fire heat to do this
in a well-built house with dead wall
and loft, with the sides banked partly
outside. You can then ho ready to
take advantage of the market and get
v-e best price. If wanted to keep in
warm weather open up the house and
ventilator at night, and close up be
fore sunrise to keep the heat out. In
this way it is easy to have potatoes
nil the new crop comes in.—Progres
sive Farmer. »
Small oats should not be given to
poultry, as they carry too much husk
for the amount of grain they have.
Eggs are advancing in price and
will continue to do so, for the time
is here when only the most prolific,
hens will lay.
Weed out the profitless fowls. The
poultry buyer will take them and he
is the only one who can get any mon
ey out of them.
blackhead, the disease that takes a
big slice off the turkey crop, gets Its
name from the dark colored head.
However, this condition is not always
present. Sometimes the head retains
Its normal color until the fowl Is near
ly dead, when It turns white or yel
lowish color. It is very difficult to
know the trouble In time to save a
flock, because the parasites that cause
the trouble become so numerous In
the intestinal tract before bird shows
signs of being out of order. Five
years ago one of our neighbors lost
all of her turkeys, old and young,
with this disease. She quit raising
turkeys entirely for two years, clean
en up internally and externally and
started again in the turkey business
and since then has not been troubled
with blackhead.
They will conserve our water courses
and power, because wisely used they
will almost prevent soil erosion, the
great agricultural sin of the South.
A regular conservation congress.
Enough; you know by this time what
my hobby is: winter legumes.
FOR PROFIT
AND PLEASURE
Their general outline might be de
scribed as round, being short from
head to tail with high rounded back
in female and full back in male, tails,
very short; in fact, the tail of the
female scarcely shows at all. They
are bred In four varieties, Buff, Black,
White and Partridge. in form of
penciling the Partridge Is the same
as the Dark Brahmas, but the color is
penciling of dark brown upon a sur
face mahogany red. The Brahmas
and Cochins are all feather-iegged va
rieties, the Cochins being much more
profuse than the Brahmas, The
Cochin has a small single comb.
The next in size are the Orping
tons, Buff, Black and White, all smooth
shanked varieties. Weights are,
cocks, 10 pounds; cockerels, 8 1-2
pounds; hens, 8 pounds; pullets, 7
pounds. Comb single of medium size,
5 points. In shape the Orpingtons
are rather shorter than the Plymouth
Rocks, but not so blocky as the Wyan
dotte. Legs rather large and stocky.
The skin and flesh is white, as is the
case with all fowls of English origin
or make-up. The Buffs should be
clear buff throughout, the Blacks solid
black, and the Whites solid white.
The Buffs have a tendency to throw
some black in tails, so when a little
of it shows up there it shoid not be
considered an indication of impurity
of blood. Breeders of these varie
ties should advertise.
The Buff Orpington has done won
ders since Its importation from Eng
land. The fowls; are exceedingly at
tractive and the pullets begin laying
when five months old, keeping at. It
without break usual to pullets of
most, breeds. An average weight for
a bird at maturity is nine to ten
pounds hence it is evident, that as a
table fowl they will closely approach
the famed Plymouth Hock. As a lay
er they equal the Leghorn and they
make excellent mothers. They ap
pear to be quite as hardy as the Ply
mouth Rock, hence will do as well
m cold sections. Both fowls and eggs
are scare in this country, and conse
quently high in price, but if the breed
keeps up the reputation It always has
had, more breeders will handle It, so
that In a year or two eggs will be
within range of the poultry man's
pocket-book.
Maybe the houses and coops are
shy on fresh air these hot nights.
The chickens can't be healthy in a
house where the air is fouL
STRAW HATS IN STYLE
TILL SEPTEMBER 15
Edict Has Been Issued By
the Mayor of Chicago.
CHICAGO—The proclamation issued
l*y Mayor Bus3e a year ago, effective
only lor that year, because of the un
usual warmth of last September, has
been going to the Chicago ash ap to
day, will survive until September 15.
The decision was reached after the
mayor had received a long distance tel
ephone message at his summer homo at
Fox Lake.
“Straw hats will be in stylo until the
15th of the month," was the message
that came from him.
Do you deem it necessary to issue a
proclamation to that effect’* ho was
aslced.
“I Issued one last year; that suf
fice,’* replied Mayor Itusse.
Let’s encourage the Augusta team
by backing every hit they make from
now till the season closes.
HOLIDAY NOTICE.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 6TH, LABOR DAY
Being a Legal Holiday, the Banks of Augusta will
be closed.
Augusta Clearing House Association
By Eufus H. Brown, Manager
JUST IN
Our Newest Fall runes of Wall Papers are just
in. Whether your preference is decided or indef
inite, there is some design in our immense stock
that will just suit your taste, purse and require
ments.
I. G. Bailie & Co.
Summerland Springs
The Gcorffia-Carnlsna Summer Resort
Near Columbia and near Augusta, Ga., with reduced rates
to Summerland, S. C.
Cool nights, mountain scenery, mineral spring; Golf, Tennis,
Croquet; Pool and Billiards; Roller Skating and Dancing; Large
Pavilion; Beautiful Parks; shady walks and drives; Crystal
streams flowing over gray rock, under rustic bridges. Inviting
nooks, comfortable resting places. Many attractions for visitors.
MODLRN COLONIAL HOTEL
The Summerland Inn built, upon a natural terrace on the great
peach ridge of South Carolina. Standing above the surrounding
country commands a view of the beautiful Saluda Valley, view
ing In the distance highlands and mountain ranges from which
come the cool breezes. Tlie hotel is modern with all the latest
improvements. nigh ceilings and deep cool piazzas. Splendid
service, good cooking, and clean linen. Tables served by white
girls.
Exceedingly low rates to those coming early in the season. Free
baths to all guests.
For information, or references when desired, write to
THE SUMMERLAND INN
Or Messrs. R. Sinclair & Son,
p, O. Batesburg, S. C.
yna|
Hi- ii^ii
SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE
AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
Elllcfent Service Reasonable Rates
Roofings! Roofings!! Roofings!!!
Roofing tin —$2.25 per roll and up. Painted tin shingles, $4.00 per
square. Paper and Rubber roof ngs. Painted and Galvanized Corru
gated Iron, at close prices. Mantels, tiling, grates, paints, etc. I buy
In carloads, at carload rates and sell accordingly. See me before
placing your order.
DAVID SLUSKY
1009 Broad St.
nnipif Red and Buff, Dry Pressed
DI9I wr\ anc i Comiron Building
LARGEST STOCK. PROMPT SHIPMENT.
Georgia—Carolina Brick Company
Write for Prices. AUGUSTA, GA.
Howard H. Stafford, President.
PAGE SEVEN
FRENCH DON’T LIKE
NEW TARIFF Li
PARlS—French trade is up in arm*
against the new United States tariff,
which penalizes us to a greatly increas
ed extent. Thus, French exports to tha
United States will pay henceforth very
nearly $4,000,000 compared with $2,675,000
as heretofore. The increase on wines is
roughly from $1 to $2 to over $4, $6,
and nearly $lO per dozen bottles of
champagne for example spirits and
liqueurs will now pay $2.00 inste \ of
$1.75. * Chambers ol Commerce are urg
ing the government to act in the matter,
but it Is not clear what can be done, as
the maximum tariff Is already applied to
French goods in America. If France re
taliated by applying her general tariff
on the American produce, her trade
would be penalized still more by the
enormous general tariff of the United
States.
up and down
’ ’ stairs is hard work for a
woman. It reauires seventeen
times more labor than walking
the same distance on a level.
A Wall Set Extension to your
Bell Telephone, located on the
other floor in your home, will
save your wife useless steps.
SI.OO PER MONTH
IN RESIDENCES
CaU Contract Department
Oh