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~ T''^' ANIMALS IN PALESTINE The people of thle -country, who sometimes complain of the quality of our meat, would be badly oft Indeed If they had to live In Paleatlne and eat the Inferior meat served there. The following regarding domestic animals of the various kinds, by Consul Thos. R. Wallace of Jerusalem, will be read with Interest, especially by raisers of line market live stock. The average number of cattle kept In the Jerusalem district Is 38,000; sheep. 13 8,279; goats. 228.900. Cattle, excepting those used as work animals, and all aheep and goata are taxed by the government and officials are Bent out yearly to number them. The local supply of mutton and goat flesh la not more than half sufficient for the present markets, and yearly, during the fall and winter months, thousands of these animals are brought to the Jerusalem district from the surrounding country, snd some times by steam from quite a distance. Mutton and goat llesh are more gen erally eaten than beef. The supply of beef Is sadly deficient. In summer and fall pasturage 1s very scant and the local cattlo become very thin. As near aa can he aacertalned tho supply Is about half the amount necessary. Tho demand for beef has been steadily In creasing In Jerusalem since the num ber of Jews has been Increasing. Jews and foreigners consume most of the beef. Few hogs are rnlsed, the greater part of the population being Moham medans and Jews, non-consumers of pork: The cattle are very small and tho moat la Inferior tn qunllty. An Im portant reason for this Is tho lnrk of pasturage during tho larger part of the year, and aa animals arc seldom sod exespt when plowing, thny barely exist for months during enrh year. Another reason Is that on account of tho pov erty of tho peasant he works his ani mals—cowa as well as oxen—at plow ing and thrashing out grain whan they are very young, which, of course stunts and dwarfs them. The milking properties of tho native cows are very poor. The sheep are the fst-talled kind snd aro of medium size They seldom acquire much fat on the body, but the tall, which la disk shaped. Is of solid Townlte <to farmer) —What age Is yotir cow? Farmer—Two years. Townlte How ran you tell? Farmer -By Its horns. Townlte—How stupid 1 am. Of course It has two horns. Pure food laws have brought about some distasteful farts about things we've been eating and drinking, but they corrected many of the evils, and milk needs talking about more than anything else you buy for food. THE COMMON CHICKEN MITE Ily H. C. Pierce. The worst parasite of poultry j against which the poultryman and farmer have to contend Is the "com- ; mon chicken mite” or "red chicken' mite." There are other spectee of j mltee which attack poultry, but they do much lees damage This blood-’ thirsty peet causes great loee to the! poultry Industry of the country by killing adult fowls and chicks and cut- j ting down egg production. It not only attacks poultry but horses and even men as well. Hens which are attacked by mites cease laying, become poor in flesh, dumpish, and listless In action. The feathers roughen and drop out. The head and comb become pale and the bird preaente a sickly appearance These symptoms are caused by the Irritation and loss of blood due to nightly visits of hordes of these hungry paras 1 tee. It seems hardly believable that fowls could be killed by such small pests, but they are so many In numbers that their total capacity for blood la enormoua. Their ravages are most pernicious on sitting hena. as here they may have access to their host at all times, causing a rapid loss of blood. Attacks upon sit ting hena often result In the hen leaving her nest or In her death, spoil ing the hatch in either case. Even If the hen does withstand the ravages of the mite, the newly hatched chicks are attacked as soon aa they emerge from the shell and are often killed In a •hort time. The best remedlee for ml tea ara cleanliness, sunlight and spraying with disinfecting solutions. The At the recent cement show held In Chicago. Mr. A. C. Wllmarth. one ot the largest apple raiser* In the south west, exhibited a crate of blue apples which were grown on his farm near Mountain Grove. Mo. Mr. Wllmarth - * applea attracted a crowd. It la be lieved they are the flrst of the'.r kind. Scientists at the exposition suggested that perhapa the cement used In filling a hollow In the tree on which they grew might be responsible. fat and almost boneless. The weight of these tails as seen on carcasses In tho market la from 6 to 18 pounds, while In the Lebanon district they often reach 40 pounds. The wool Is coarse and straight. The natives weave coarse cloth and rugs from It, and most of the surplus finds It way to tho American carpet factories. Camels are still the chief beasts of burden. They are tho single-hump variety, and are raised only by Bed- Plowing on the Plains of Sharon. oulns. There are two breeds, one a heavy animal for work purposes, and another used for riding, which are slender and agile and can easily out distance a horse. I>argo herds of fe male camels are kept solely for their young and milk, only a few In each herd being broken to carry loads. The oilTMl boys who pasture these animals often live on camel milk solely for many days at a time. Tho Bedouins eat the flesh of the camel and, as a mark of distinction, slaughter a camel when a noted guest visits them. Camel flesh la also eaten by Mohammedan peasants and the poorer classes of Mohammedan city people of Jaffa and Gam. The skins are used as rawhide to sole the shoes worn by peasants. Egypt Is the best market for young camels: and many are there purchased by the govern ment for military purposes. The peasant and elty people only keep the males for work animals: In addition to carrying loads, they are used for plowing and for turning oil mills and for lifting water and for Irrigating purposes. SOMK “FLY" INFORMATION. Whore !h tho fly born? In manure and tilth. Whore docs the fly live? In all kind* of filth and ho carries filth on hla feet and wings. Where does tho Ily go when he leaves the manure pile and tho spit toon He goes Into the kitchen, the dining room and the store. What doe* he do thsro? He walks on the bread, fruit and vegetables; ho wipes his feet on the butter and he bathes In the milk. Hoes the fly visit patients sick with consumption, typhoid fever and chol era infantum? He does, and he may call on you next, carrying the Infection of thene rilt'eiutes. \\ htt tfUuMifiMi floes tho fly carry? Typhoid fever, consumption, diarrheal diseases, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and. In fact, any oommunlcable disease. Do not let any surplus cooks eat up the profits. Keep enough for breeding purposes and no more. poultry house and flttlngs should be »" built as to be easily cleaned. The walls should be smooth and as free from crncks as possible. Nests, roosts and dropping boards should be easily removable to allow spraying of their entire surface and the walls beneath them There are several preparations for the eradication of mltea of which I two good ones are here given: Fcsel Soap—Shave or chop one 10-1 cent cake of laundry soap Into one pint of soft water. Heat or allow to stand until a soap paste Is formed. Stir In one pound of commercial cresol 1 and heat or allow to stand until soap! paste Is dissolved SMr In one gallon of kerosene. For use dilute with 50! parts of water, which will make a milky colored solution. Commercial cresol Is a coal tar by product and may be obtained from the druggist at about SO cents per pound. Care should be taken not to get any of It upon the hands or face !aa It will cause Intense smarting. Kerosene Emulsion.—Shave or -hop lone-half pound of hard soap, add to a ; gallon of soft water, place on a tire i and bring to a botl to dissolve the soap. Remove from the Are and stir j in w hile hot two gallons of kerosene. This make* a thick, creamy emulsion j which may be kept as a stock solution. | For use dilute with 10 parts of soft water. It la belter to apply It hot If i possible. Extreme care should be taken that these mixtures do not come In con ' lact with eggs that are sold for table purposes. Eggs sprayed with cresol soap solution taste of carbolic acid. INDIANA MAN WINS COHN PRTZ.E. At the national corn exhibition held at Columbia. N. C.. Charles Short of Oreenaburg. Ind., was awarded the Indiana grand sweepstakes trophy cup for growing the best ten ears of corn. The cup .offered by the Indiana Corn Growers’ association te valued at 11,000. This is the fifth ttpne Indiana has taken the cup. Com growers from many states entered samples in the contest. ? SI ‘-^ "Sl ‘■.^2: MODERN DAIRY EDUCATION TWENTY-TWO YEARS AGO THE BABCOCK TEST FOR BUTTER FAT WAS GIVEN TO THE PUBLIC, SINCE WHICH TIME THERE HAS BEEN A WONDER FUL ADVANCE IN DAIRYING. BY H. L. RUSSELL. The Babcock method of testing cream Ij now recognized throughout the leading dairy sections of the world. It has been adopted as a standard method by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemlsta and In the United States and Canada has com pletely superseded all other methods. It la practically the only test used In Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and has been Introduced Into Argentina In South America. In Aus tralia and New Zealand It was gener ally adopted as a basis of payment for milk even before it was In the United Htataa. In England It Is used con siderably and Is used to some extent In Finland, Russia and Northern Ger many. While this record shows its practical predominance over the major portion of the dairy world, Its effect on dairy advancement Is of general historical Interest. It Is noteworthy that an Invention of a machine of a method sometimes transforms an Industry and exerts an Influence that Is historically of the greatest importance. Ell Whitney's cotton gin was an economic factor In the development of the Civil War. The Impetus it gave to cotton culture made possible the Industrial development of the South, and the Inevitable result was the expansion of slavery. The evolution of the twine binder paved the way to the settlement of ths illim itable stretches In the valleys of the Missouri, the Saskatchewan and the Red River of the North, converting these prairies that were once a part of the great American desert of our boyhood geographies, Into the granary of the world. Just as the economic and even the political history of the great northwest may be written in terms of wheat, made possible by the Invention of a device to garner the grain, eo the Babcock test and cream separator are the two inventions tn the dairy world that have determined the course qf dairy advancement. The economic needs of a business greatly stimulate Invention. The Mc- Cormick reaper, the Marsh harvester and the Appleby knotter of the twine binder were all produced by the stimulus which economic necessity made apparent. The development of the railroad made necessary the Inven tion of the telegraph, by which trains could bo safely dispatched. Cooper ative dairying, stimulated by the In WHAT TO FEET) THE POTT/TRY. The following Is an excellent ration for fattening poultry: 1 port corn meal, 1 part oat flour, 1 part barley meal, 1 part beef scrap, 8 parts buttermilk or skim milk. This makes what Is called slop feed, as It Is thin enough to pour. The best feeding result are had with crato j feeding. The birds, flve or six In number, are placed In a slat coop. The bottom Is of lattice work, and that makes It self-cleaning. There Ib plenty of room In the coop, but the Idea Is to prevent exercise. The crate should be put In a pro tected place, but not In a houee. Under a tree or at the aide of a building Is a good place. If It Is where other fowls cannot molest them. They are given no food for twenty-four hours previous to the feeding period, which should last from twro to three weeks. The milk will be euflVctent to allay their thirst. Feeding In this way has brought gains of from 25 to 85 per cent. It costs from flve to seven cents’ worth of grain to put on a pound of gain. But If It did not pay from a feeding standpoint It would In other ways, for the flesh of a Mrd fattened In this way Is far better, being much whiter In appearance and more Juicy and much more palatable. For laying fowls, milk furnishes the 1 animal protein that is necessary. In this way It takes the place of beef ■ scraps, which Is a packing-house product and somewhat expensive. It j has been demonstrated that for every quart of milk a hen will drink, she will lay an extra egg. but of course the Inability to drink much limits the egg production.—W. A. Ltpplncott FORMULA FOR WHITEWASH. This has been published before, but as It Is constantly being asked for we give It again. Take a half bushel of unslaked lime, slake It with boiling water, cover It during the process to keep In steam, strain the liquor through a line sieve and add to It a peck of salt, previously dissolved In warm water, three pints of ground rice boiled to a thin paste and stirred In while hot. Add five gallons of hot water to the mixture, stir well and let stand a few day*, covered as nearly alr-tlght as possible. It can be colored by adding cchra lamp black, ground keel or blutng to suit The first dairy school In America. ; ventlon of the centrifugal cream separator, needed a method of pre [ cislon like the Babcock test to measure milk values. If Dr. Babcock had not succeeded when he did In producing the simplest and most effective test, some other name would soon have been associated with a test, for under the stress of economic pressure, it had to come. The Babcock test can well be called The Founder of Modern Dairy Educa tion. To train the factory operator how to use the test properly, It was necessary to give him specific Instruc tion. This need was apparent the moment the test was devised. In the winter of 1890, a few months after the test had been made public, the Wis consin Dairy School, the first school for dairy education In America, opened Its doors. Its first session was attend ed by two pupils. The next winter seventy were crowded into a little room In an old wooden building at the University farm, the Instruction being given by Dr. Babcock and H. B. Gur ler, now of Macon, Miss., who was the first practical dairyman In America to use the test. The success of this school enabled -Prof. Henry to secure appropria tlon from the Legislature for the new I>r. Stephen Moulton Babcock, In ventor of the Babcock test for bntter fat. Tho main hnlldlng, ITlram Smith Hall was the first In America to be constructed for dairy education. LIMING THE SOIL By B. H. Hite. Nothing In agricultural science or practice may be mentioned with more assurance than the beneficial effect of lime on easily puddled stiff clay soils. This Is so nearly a matter of common knowledge, the wonder Is that anyone will worry along with such soils year after year, and even from one genera tion to another, while the possible in crease in yield In a single year will often pay for the necessary lime. Manure spreader with lime hood. Lime may Improve loose sandy soils by making them more conpact and more retentive of moisture. For this purpose some form of carbonate of lime la usually recommended, and ih much smaller quantities than for clay soils. Clay soils will stand more lime and, for almost every purpose, require more lime than sandy soils. The Im provement of sandy soils will often be much greater If the lime Is applied to a green crop turned under. Lime hastens * the conversion of the vege table matter Into humus, and this with the lime helps to fill the open spaces between the sand grains. It Is claimed by those who have given much atten i tlon to light sandy soils that there are Ino other types of soils that will re spond quite so readily to liming, pro vided the necessary vegetable matter Is supplied. Few owners of the smaller poultry plant know what percentage of profits their flock* do yield. Many of these ma? know how much they spend for feed during the year, and how many eggs the hens laid within the twelve months, but further than that they cannot give any figures of the cost of production or the actual profits from the sales. Adopt business methods in your poultry plant. Hogs cannot be raised profitably on corn alone. dairy building, and on January XI, 1892, the dairy school opened in the new quarters with a registration of about 100. This building, named Hiram Smith Hall, in honor of Wis consin's veteran dairyman, was the first In America to be constructed for dairy education. From that time to the present its capacity, although re peatedly enlarged, has been taxed to the utmost every year. From It have gone forth over 3,000 buttermakers and cheesemakers to all parts of this and other countries, trained in the science as well as the art of dairying. Practically every state and province In America In which factory dairying assumes any Importance has now or ganized dairy instruction on a more or less definite basis, and In all cases the Babcock test Is an essential feature In the curriculum taught. The cow, from an economic view point, Is simply a manufacturing plant through which Is run so much raw material in the form of nutrients to turn out the finished products, milk and cream. Many of these manufac turing plants are run at a dead loss, but their owners do not know it, as they are too Indlfferpnt to taka the trouble to keep books so they can find It out. This is one of the lamentable defects In farming as a manufacturing enterprise. In any other phase of In dustrial activity, such negligence of business methods would spell bank ruptcy. The Eabcock test and a pair of scales make It possible for every farmer to keep accurate accounts with each cow In his herd, and where this Is done It does not take long to con vince the owner that the cow that does not pay her board had better move on. But as yet the major portion of dairy farmers have not risen to the point where they test each cow’s production. A man who learns how to use and does use the Babcock test, soon begins to take and read agricultural and dairy papers, to attend farmers’ meet ings, to study balanced rations, to put up a silo, to ventilate his barn, to test his herd for tuberculosis. He learns that It pays to farm by scientific rather than by rule of thumb methods. With this adjustment to twentieth cen tury conditions and the attainment of economic Independence come not only better barns and better herds, but better homes, higher standards of liv ing and a fuller and a more inde pendent life. RURAL SCHOOIs HAS MISSION. The training of country children to grow two bushels of corn where one bushel grew before Is a commendable thing. To bring this about many changes may be made In the programs of most country schools. Arithmetic problems may be worked out In terms of corn and potatoes and cows. Read ing may be largely confined to the subjects of Interest to country boys and girls. Essays on farm topics may be written In place of the usual pars ing and other grammar work. This will lay a foundation for much prac tical work In the later years of school life. Older students trained in the ele mentary principles of agriculture could conduct germination tests of corn and grain. Herds could be test ed. rations could be worked out for live stock, records could be kept of poultry, garments could be made for home, and the art of cooking could be cultivated. These and many other practical things could he worked out with the school house as a center. Added to this Is the social pleasure that could be obtained by everyone In the community when- a permanent Interest In the school was established. Basket socials, evening entertain ments. picnics, school house fairs, lec tures, and moving pictures would make the rural school a real factor In the social Improvement of the school district. The country school has a mission which should not be neglected.—Ray P. Spear. CORN—ITS VALUE TO MANKIND. \ The tremendous acreage planted to corn last year developed the ever present pessimist who talked about ' over-production and a consequent I lowering of prices to the Injury of | the farmer’s market. These people I do not know that last year the United 'States Imported 26.500.000 worth of i oats, more than 22,000,000 worth of potatoes, 21.000,000 worth of peas, over 2 2.000.ft00 worth of beans, 28,000,000 worth of sugar, 25.500.000 worth of tobacco. This Is money paid to foreigners which should have gone into the pockets of the American farmers If they had raised enough of } these several products. As long as ! our population increases as rapidly as j it does now there is little danger of over-production of farm products. THE SWINE LOUSE The hog louse Is a common parasitic pest on swine and one that requires vigorous and patient treatment to eradicate. The hog louse Is one of largest of the lice that attacks do mestic animals. They are readily seen traveling about on the bristles, usually on the neck, back of the ears, moving with a peculiar sliding motion. The eggs, or "nits,” are small, white, oval bodies attached to the bristles. Hog lice may be found on almost any part ifp t_\r7¥ iSSw 3r/f^^ lllffl fe* iro Y// M/mmWim IfflfJfiS Vat for dipping hogs. of the animal’s body, but are most common about the neck, ears and back of the elbow. These are blood-sucking parasites and, by biting the hog and abstracting blood, they cause a good deal of Irri tation of the skin. The animal rubs on posts and other objects and the coat looks rough and harsh. The parasite and eggs are easily found upon exam ination. The parasites are transmitted from one animal to another by contact, or by contact with Infected bedding or quarters. PROPER TILTH IN FARM SOILS. "One of the surest methods at the | disposal of the farmer for improving the tilth of hts soil Is by the addition of organic matter. Measures should be used to promote alternate freezing and thawing as well as wetting and drying, organic matter should be add ed to the soil and alkali should be avoided. When those who are en gaged In dry-farming learn to keep their soil In good tilth, the great In dustry will have fewer failures and many more successes.” —D. F. S. Harris. FARM WOMEN. "Farm women hold a peculiar and important place In the world. They are creators of new wealth; for by their labors the poultry Industry has assumed one of the most important places In the list of farm outputs; millions of pounds of butter annually vouch for their unremitting toil; the home garden, shelves heavy laden with filled fruit Jars —all these bear testimony to their thrift. ‘She looketh well to the ways of her household.’ ” Mrs. A. M. Kepper. DANGER FROM THE HOUSE FLY By Miss Josephine Scott. Just as soon as the farmer finds that some pest Is destroying or damaging his crops he begins at once to try some means of destroying that pest. He makes this attempt because he can see with his own eyes that his crop will be cut short or even destroyed If the destroyer Is allowed to go on un checked. When It comes to some danger, the result of which cannot be seen, we often let It alone, simply be cause we cannot see the damage done. You remember that for a long time It was not known that malaria Is con tracted only through the bite of a cer tain kind of mosquito. When this fact was established, then we began to study about the mosquito, which were malarial and which were harmless, and the conditions under which the ma larial kind breed. It has been proved, also, that yellow fever Is not contract ed by contact with yellow fever pa tients, neither Is It carried In clothing; but that a moscpilto which abounds In yellow fever regions conveys It by Its bite. The danger of the common house fly to mankind was unsuspected until about twenty years ago. Later, during the Spanish war, It was clearly shown that the cause of the spread of typhoid fever, which killed so many of our men, was due to flies. This Insect Is so active In the spread of typhoid fever that It Is often spoken of as the “typhoid fly.” The fly Is responsible for diseases which can be spread by FOR THE FARMER’S WIFE. OIL OF CEDAR will destroy bed bugs. They will not stay where It Is applied, nor will they return when once banished. TO KEEP ANTS FROlil SUGAR— Make a heavy chalk mark ail around the box In which It is kept half an Inch from It FOR COCKROACHES Sprinkle hellebore where they congregate at night. They will eat It and be poi soned unto death. If you would be strictly up-to-date and are determined to get the most out of your business, you will not teed mongrel stock. Nothing pays so well or la so satisfactory as the best bium tmf IP tjf ML “ i). 'i .*>i _nu. .tL. _ By N. S. Mayo. Dipping the anlmslj three or four times at Intervals of ten days will usually free them from these parasites, provided the steeping quarters are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. In dipping to kill lice, the coal-tar dips of the creollne type are better than lime and sulphur. If the hog wallows ' are kept well filled with water, to which some of the creollne dips are added every ten days, the swine will usually free themselves from the lice. Another good way of combating the parasites Is to tie gunny sacks or other coarse cloths around rubbing posts and keep these cloths saturated with crude petroleum. There are many coal-tar "dips” on the market. They are made from the products of the distillation of coal tar and have a variety of trade names. Creollne Is one of these preparations. They are all dark-colored liquids with a strong coal-tar odor and when mixed with water form a mllky-whlte or slightly brownish emulsion. We have tried several kinds with excellent results. Practically all druggists have these dips, but we would advise using a dip made by a well-known and re liable firm. These dips should be used at the strength of one part of the dip jto forty or fifty parts of water. If rain water Is obtainable It Is preferred to “hard’’ water. These dips should be used warm. There should be a dipping vat on every hog farm. They may be made of wood, galvanized iron or cement. They are set in the ground at a con venient place so that there is good sur face drainage away from the vat. A good size for a large vat Is ten feet long on top, eight feet long on the bottom, one foot wide on the bottom, and two feet wide on top. The end where tho hogs enter should be per pendicular and the other end Inclined, with cleats, so that the hogs can emerge after swimming through. The : entrance should he by a slide. Such a ! tank Is very useful wherever hogs are kept In numbers, as frequent dipping tends to keep the hogs healthy and | free from parasites. ; ROOST FOR CHICKENS. Take a cart wheel and stab the axel Into the ground, or cut the axel In two, bolt it to a post and set the post In the ground. When the chicken house needs cleaning, all you need to do Is to 11^ lift the wheel off and It Is out of the way. Then, too, If there Is a chicken on the other side from you that you wish to catch, Just turn the wheel around. —G. Dover. The last United States census shows that there are 307,706 women farmers In this country. The number has gained since the census was taken and promises to Increase. Many women have homesteaded claims In all of tho western states and have made suc cesses of farming. the taking In of germs with food or drink. Some of these germs are dys entery, cholera, typhoid fever and tuberculosis. During the civil war there was an outbreak of gangrene among some of the wounded In a hos pital. The physicians used, as they thought, all precautions to prevent Its spread, but they were not effectual. In recent years It Is known that this gangrene was spread by the files, they lighting upon the sore, getting its poison upon their feet, then flying to the wound of another patient, there to deposit the germs from the gangrenous patient. The head of a fly Is covered with stiff bristles like a head of ripened wheat; the foot ends In a pair of pincers, the mouth and head being rough. When you push a stlff-brlstled broom In a pile of refuse and then 11H it, some of the dirt comes too. That s Just the way the fly does; when it leaves the refuse %ome filth sticks Its body. Set the broom down and tne dirt shakes off. Just so with the fly. when It walks about a trail of flJth >• left behind. Perhaps some one In your vicinity has typhoid fever or :some in testinal trouble. The patient c excr ® t “ Is not properly disinfected. Flies visit these discharges, get the fre™s on their bodies, fly at once to your kitchen or dining room, crawl over your food or fall in the milk, «vi * behind them the germ of disease. Then you wonder how the disease w contracted. - SUNFLOWER SEED FOR POULTRY Fowls like sunflower seeds, and if fed In limited quantity act as a tonic, beneficial to their welfare. No other seeds will assist molting to such an extent, and aa a conditioner for the show pen they have no equal. Some of the commercial poultry' feeds con tain sunflower seed, but those poultry raisers who mix their own scrachlng feeds should not fall to supply a lim ited quantity of these seeds to the hens. Where mash is fed to the poultry. It should be given In clean trough* which must be thoroughly cleaned at frequent Interval*.