Newspaper Page Text
SUNDAY. JANUARY 25-
All communication* for thla
page should be addreaaed to
the "School Editor" not
later than Thuraday for
publication on the following
Sunday
NEGRO INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL
IN REPORT SHOWS MARKS OP
ADVANCEMENT IT HAS MADE
FOUR SCHOOLS
EFT BENEFIT OF
THISJRRINING
Classes of Sixteen Boys Each
Instructed Under Geo. W.
Loqan, Five Days of Week
WORK ORGANIZED IN 1911
Fully Equipped Carpentry Shop
is Located in the Second
Ward Colored School. x
Augusta Is offering colored boys a
rare opportunity for an industrial
training. This opportunity is afford
ed by the negro industrial school, lo
cated in the second ward. Average at
tendance is very good and results ac
complished exceedingly gratifying.
The Report.
Following is a report of the school
just submitted by the instructor, U.
VV. Logan:
In September 1911 was begun in Au
gusta a school for industrial training
for colored boys—a carpenter shop in
the second ward school building wher j
the boys might make practical their
experience gained in the school room
and learn by doing.
Equipment.
The large, lighted workshop, 40x50
feet, is equipped with lt> work bench
es. In each bench are tools —hammer,
cross, but and hack saws, T-square,
three chisels, jhek and block planes,
screw drivers, bench hook, marking
gauge, spokeshave, dividers, ami
rule. Besides the equipment lor each
boy there are tools for general use
which are not needed for each boy,
such as gauges, jointer and smooth
planes, clamps, auger-bits, twist-bits,
braces, grind and oil stones, saw sets
and clamp and level. v
Schools Represented.
Sixteen boys constitute the daily
class.
The schools are represented as fol
lows:
Monday. 16 boys from Mauge Street
school.
Tuesday, 16 boys from First Ward
school.
Wednesday, 16 boys from Nellievllle
school.
Thursday, 16 boys from Weed Acad
emy.
Friday, second division of 16 boys
from Mange Street school.
These l.oys, on their respective days
at the carpenter shop, report at 9
o’clock and remain until 2.
Boys in the upper grades are given
the preference, but when there are
not enough boys in the seventh grads
to make up the class, boys In the sixth
grade are taken and even the fifth
grade. With such a program each boy
in all the city schools will receive from
two to three years training in tha
industrial school one day each week.
Enrollment.
Eighty different boys of the public,
schools have one day each week for
shop work. The average attendanca
per day Is 14, making a total average
per week of 70 boys who do receive
the training.
The Course.
The boys first become familiar with
the names of the different tools. The
care of tools and benches Is especial
ly emphasized. The habit of using
system in working, and the right po
sition for developemnt is encouraged.
Then rip and cross sawing to line,
planing to line and gauging and plan
ing to gauge line. In connection with
the simple work the 2-ft. rule is stud
ied. Squaring is then taken up, which
problem involves the use of the saw,
jack and block planes, rule, T-square
and gauge. Problems are given one
after the other involving the use of
all the tools and giving The boys suf
ficient practice, that when he shall
have finished the specified number,
to do neat and practical work.
The working drawings for each
problem are put on the board and the
boys, step by step, learn to read sim
ple drawings. When they begin to do
practical work they are able to re ad
ordinary drawings. And with this
knowledge they are able to make orig
inal sketches well enough for anyone
to understand.
Articles Made.
The problems for the classroom ere
practical and every article useful. The
aim Is not to use first-class material,
but rough lumber, that the hoys might
pet the most practical experience. Not
a srreat deal of stress Is laid upon
high finishes, but neat and practical
workmanship with cheap material
such as might be secured by the in
dividual. Some of the articles are as
follows: towel recks, book cases, hall
Continued on Page Seven
WITH THE AUGUSTA SCHOOLS
German Continuation
Schools
Germany does not allow her boys
and girls to enter "blind alley” em
ployments If she can help it. The
German continuation school system
takes hold of the hoy of fourteen or
fifteen as soon as he finishes the ele
mentary school and prepares him for
some particular trade or business.
What the work of these vocational
schools means In the sum total of
German industrial efficiency and so
cial progress Is well Indicated in a
bulletin on "Prussian Continuation
Schools” Just published by the I'niteJ
Stales Bureau of Education. The in
formation was obtained from Amer
ican consuls located In important Ger
man cities.
In Madgeburg hoys completing the
common school are assisted by the
school authorities In securing desir
able situations, and are required to
attend the continuation schools while
employed. There are classes for ba
kers, butchers, barbers, waiters, paint
ers, decorators, blacksmiths, tailors,
cabinetmakers, and In fact for any
other occupation in which It is prac
ticable for a boy to engage. Even
if the boy does not aspire to he a
skilled workman, but Is content to
become a street cleaner, house ser
vant, messenger, or to engage In any
other form of unskilled labor, ho i.t
nevertheless required to spend three
years In the continuation school.
In Erfurt and other Prussian cities
employers are compelled by law to
excuse their employes for the lesson
hours without loss of pay. for four to
six hours a week. Furthermore, the
employers pay the tuition fees in
these Industrial schools, amounting to
about $1.50 per year for an appren
tice or $1 for unskilled workers. The
main financial burden Is met by the
municipality, with some aid from the
state. The state makes Its appropri
ation contingent upon compulsory at
tendance, with the result that com
pulsory continuation schools are grad
ually replacing the optional type.
Barmen hns a continuation school
with an attendance of nearly four
thousand. The pupils are divided Into
124' classes. There are classes In tex
tiles, lace making, machine-tool mak
ing. art forging, plumbing, electric in
stallation, furniture and weaving loom
making, house carpentry, house paint
ing and ccoratlng, shoemaking, sad
dlery, upholstery, tailoring, garden
ing, printing, bookbinding and box
making, lithography and engraving,
baking and candy-making, a.s well as
for butchers, barbers and wigmakers,
messengers and helpers.
Instruction in these continuation
schools Is by no means confined tu
technical branches. Besides deflnltt
vocational training, the pupils receive
instruction inWertain branches design
ed to aid them as citizens—civic af
fairs, trade history, and community
welfare—in addition to composition
and arithmetic based chiefly on the
vocational work.
Many cities hesitate to start
open-air schools because of the
expense, particularly of feeding.
In Green Bay, Wi«., the cost of
feeding In the open-air school has
been found to be only 5 1-3 cents
per day, or $8 a year, for each
child.
WINSTON-SALEM PLAN OF TRAINING BOYS FOR CITIZENSHIP IS
WORTHY OF IMITATION IN AUGUSTA
Training boys for the obligations
and responsibilities of citizenship has
been undertaken in Winston-Salem. N.
C., along rather broad and unique
lines. After nearly a year's success
ful operation the Winston-Salem plan
is worthy of careful consideration, and
possibly of Imitation. The principal
characteristics of this plan are, first,
:-r—operatior hetweer th< public school,
and the local board of trade; second,
the establishment of a department o'
government and economics in the city
high school; and third, the formation
of a boys department, or a "Juvenile
Club," as it la called, of the hoard of
trade.
Work in the High School.
At the beginning of the 1912-13
achool year, Superintendent R. H. La
tham, of the city schools, provided,
as a part of the high-school curricu
lum, a course in government and eco
nomlcs open to the senior students,
and placed the new department under
the direction of the secretary of the
board of trade, who, with the approv
al of the hoard, had volunteered his
services. Under this department, the
students are taught the elements of
government, special attention being
given to analysis and comparison of
the city, county, state, and federal
governments. During the term end
ing with the Christmas holidays, mock
elections were held, and the class was
organized as city council, state gene
ral assembly, and as the congress of
Civic Work at the John
Milledge School
At a recent meeting of the Parent-
Teacher Association of the John Mil
ledgc school It wa-s decided that
squads he selected from the different
grades to keep certain pnrtß of the
school grounds and adjoining streets
In order.
Captains Selected.
Captains were selected from the
eighth grade and arc as follows: Viola
Skinner. Katherine Armstrong. Jessie
Aehord, Lettle Stone, Myrtle Bentley.
Loretta Martin, Frank Cadle, Willie
Fell, Ollio Burch and George Wil
helm,
—KATHERIN E ARM STRONG.
PARENT-TEACHER CLUB OF
THE CENTRAL SCHOOL MET
The Parent-Teacher Club of tho
Central school met on Thursday as
ternoon a.t 4 o’clock. There was an
unusually good attendance, due, pos
sibly, to the fact that all pupils who
could do so wrote a special invitation
to their parents to oe present.
Officers.
The Officers for the year are as
follows:
President—Mrs. J. Marvin Wolfe.
First Vice President—Mrs. Geo. H.
Wells.
Second Vice President —Mrs. W. M.
Robinson.
Secretary—Mrs. W. A. Cheeks.
Treasurer—Mrs. J. W. Radcllffe.
the United States.
Immediately after Christmas a se
ries of lectures treating of the funda
mental principles of economics were
arranged, and the attention of the
students directed to the Important in
dustrial, commercial, and agricultural
problems of this country, particular
ly the problems of the Southern states.
As a result of this work the hoys
developed a very active Interest In
public affairs, and to hold this Inter
est and at the same time make the
Work of lasting value it was recog
nized that their historic and theoreti
cal study of political and economic
problems must in some way be con
nected with the practical, everyday
experiences in the Industrial renters.
Winston-Salem being essentially a
manufacturing community, the means
of studying actual conditions was Im
mediately available. As a feasible
method of undertaking this it was
suggested that there be organized a
juvenile club of the hoard of trade
and the establishment of a closer co
operation between the work of the
high school and that of the hoard.
The Juvenile Club.
Having declared that "No commer
cial organization performs Its legiti
mate functions unless It makes an
effort to inculcate the principles of
true citizenship in the minds of Its
members, and to advance the social
conditions of the people always aliea/1
of the march of Industrial and com-
THE AUGUSTA HERALD. AUGUSTA, GA.
COMPOSITION WORK
AND HYGIENE ARE
CORREEATEO AT
JOHN MILEEDGE
Two of the Best Compositions.
“The Care of The Teeth” and
“The Air We Breath ” Writ
ten Bv Miss Lillie Britt and
James Black. Sixth Grade
Puoils. Are Submitted
After studying lessons on the care
of the teeth and the air we breathe,
the sixth grade pupils of the John Mil
ledge school wrote compositions on
these subjects. The following were
selected as the best:
The Care of the Teeth.
The teeth are covered with a
white, glossy material called en-
Eivc Tests of An Educated Person
Dr, Nicholas Murray Butler, well known as the president
of Columbia University, in reply to a question a 3 to what
tests could be applied to an educated person, made the
following reply:
1. CORRECTNESS AND PRECISION IN THE USE OF
THE MOTHER TONGUE. The ability to use clear, forcible,
accurate and fluent language, free from slang, hesitation,
and redundance seems to be the supreme mark of a per
son of education.
2. REFINED AND GENTLE MANNER. An educated per
son is not a loud, awkward, uncouth individual. He gen
erally has refinement of tastes and gentleness of disposi
tion. Education is one of the foundations of polite be
havior.
3. THE POWER AND HABIT OF REFLECTION. The
savage acts upon impulse. He thinks after he speaks. The
individual who has been a student has acquired the power
to control his impulses and reflect upon consequences.
4. THE POWER OF INTELLECTUAL GROWTH. Learn
ing brings its own stimulant. Ignorance is stagnation and
decay. The power to grow and expand to the full extent
of the individual power is assured only by a liberal educa
tion.
5. EFFICIENCY —THE POWER TO DO. Mere knowledge
is of little avail to the world. It is a human book with
leaves uncut and pages unread. The real education leaves
the individual thoroughly capable of an initiative that pro
pels him effectively into the great affairs of the world.
amel, which is very easily broken
by picking the teeth with pins or
metal toothpicks. Children often
break the enamel by opening knife
blades and cracking nuts with the
teeth. *
Unclean and decaying teeth form
a breeding place for millions of
bacteria of many different kinds.
The bacteria become mixed with
the food while chewing It.
Bad and unclean t“eth cause
germ diseases In two ways, they
interfere with tin digestion utid
weaken the body.
Decay of tlie teeth Is caused by
bacteria sticking to them. They
should be brushed with a moder
ately stiff brush every time they
are used, und the particles of food
Continued on Page Seven
merclal progress,” the board of trade
readily Indorsed this plan to form a
boys’ division of tho hoard, and au
thority was given the secretary to
undertake Its formation. The result
is the Juvenile Club Of the Wlnslon-
Kalem Board of Trade.
Membership In the Juvenile Club Is
not limited to hlgh-achool hoys, for
it was thought best to opep to all in
terested hoys of the elty a way to be
come Identified with constructive and
active civic work. To become a mem
ber of the club, however, the hoy must
be at least 14 years of age and under
21 years old. Another condition of
membership is that the boy must sub
scribe to and recite from memory be
fore the secretary of the hoard of
trade the ancient Athenian oath,
pledging himself to perform faithfully
his civic obligations. This pledge Is as
follows;
We wilt never bring disgrace to this
city by any act of dishonesty or cow
ardice, nor ever desert our suffering
comrades in the rank*. We will fight
for the ideals and sacred things of the
city, both alone and with many. We
will revere and obey the city’a laws
and do our bast to incite a like re
spect and reverence in those above u*
who are prone to annul or to sat them
at naught. We will strive unceaeng
ly to quicken the public tense of civic
duty. Thus, in all these ways, we will
transmit this oity not iess, but greater,
better, and more beautiful than it waa
KINDERGARTENS OE PUBLIC
SCHOOLS OE AUGUSTA POUND
TO BE UNEXCELLED IN SOUTH
Education Bureau Searching For Old
English and Scottish Ballads
Now Back Numbers
Washington.—Search for Old Fng
Huh and Scottish ballad* which hov*'
been crowded out by newer tunc* will
be attempted by the Federal Huronu
of Kducatton. Prof. O. Alphon* >
Smith, of the Fnlvernlty of Virginia,
has been named to conduct the *eareh.
•if the American versh n* of the old
Enßllah anil Scottish popular ballad*
are not collected Immediately they
will be lo*tnaid Prof. Smith to
day.
“Many influence* are tending to ob
literate them. Catchy but empty Hongs
not worthy of comparison with them,
CENTRAL NOTES
"THE VILLAGE BLACKSMITH."
The .!. B. Wlille Co., are exhibiting a
very beautiful picture or "The Vllliigii
Blacksmith," ttiey have requested all
school children to come and ace It it
was painted by the famous French ar
tist, Moreau.
IN THE KINDERGARTEN.
The Central School Kindergarten lias
been a very popular place of resort dur
ing the paHt week.
Tuesday Miss Youngblood and Kerah
spent the day taking notes.
Thursday they were visited by the
Davidson Kindergarten and Miss Cates,
their teacher, and the children played
games and sung songs together.
Miller Walker, Jr.
transmitted to ue.
A membership register Is kept In
which tho boy* sign their names after
subscribing to and reciting ttie oath.
The boys have tho privilege of at
tending all regular meetings of tho
hoard of trade, with tho right to lake
part In debates, but without any vot
ing power. They tire assigned com
mittee work, and special meetings are
held for them twice a month or more
frequent If the work demands It.
Members of the Juvenile Club pay no
fees.
The club has a membership of about
yi boys, tho first member being en
rolled October 14, 1912.
Every effort Is made to properly
train these hoys for the duties of
citizenship, to create In them respect
for honest and efficient public service,
and to actively Internet them In tho
work of making Winston-Hulun a bet
ter, greater, and more beautiful city
In which to live.
Co-operation Juvenile Club With High
Bchool.
The first employment of the mem
bers of the Juvenile Club has been In
the recent Industrial survey of Win
ston-Salem conducted by the hoard of
trade. All of the hoys selected to as
sist In this work were students In the
department of government and eco
nomics if the high school. In this
way the hoys in the graduating class
of the nigh school this year have been
able to take part in art organized In
the decadt nee of communal MinstlnK.
the grow lug diversity <f Interest* <tn*l
the presence of the artificial in mod
ern writing an* depriving our home*
and school room* of a kind of litera
ture which for vigor of narrative, for
vividness of portraiture, and for utter
simplicity of style and content. Is not
surpassed in the whole history of Eng
lish or American song.”
Among the balled* for which sur
vivals are sought are: Robin Hood,
the Heggur l/iddio, Honnle Barham
Allen, The Crafty Farmer, Ihirham
Field, the Karl of Mar’s I>alighter,
Fair Annie, Johnle Armstrong's Fast
Hoodnight, l.adio Isabel and the Flf
Knight, Child Maurice, the l.ass of
Ttoeh Royal, the Mermaid, Kohmy, the
Three Havens, Trooper and Maid, and
the wife of Fsher’s Well.
EDUCATION NOTES
"Teach the factH about your
home city In the public schools,”
urges the burcn.ii of municipal re
search, New York City,
Having Introduced medical In
spection in 1K72, Elmira, N. Y„
claims to have been the flr.-t
Alltel lean city to adopt health su
pervision of school children.
The equivalent of one school
year for more than 400 children
is lost because of contact with
minor contagious discuses, accord
ing to figures recently compiled
for Pittsburg.
In order to furnish hlgh-clas*
entertainment to communities in
their states, the Universities of
Wisconsin, Minnesota, asid North
Dakota have handed together for
lyceuni service.
The Junior hlr.h school at Grand
Rapids, Mich,, consisting of pupils
of the 7th, Bth and 9th grades, lias
grown In two years from n school
of 430 pupils and 15 teachers to
one of 851 pupils' and 36 teachers.
More hoys and girls have stayed
in school under the new plan.
ROLL OF HONOR AT THE
SUMERVILLE SCHOOL
The fifth and sixth grade honor roil
of the Summerville school Is as fol
lows: l.iillc Barnes, Louis Deal, Frank
Hook, Lionel Levy, Bessie Bulantltie,
Marcella Burns, Katherine Maher,
Morton Nachman, Mildred Hlins, Paul
Roberson.
TOTS OF KINDERGARTEN
MEET TO PLAY GAMES
The kindergarten children of Cen
tral school will meet on Thursday nf
ternoon hereafter of each week for the
purpose of playing games.
On last Wednesday afternoon quite
a large crowd of little people gathered
at the hour appointed. They were
met here by Miss Dixon, who Joins
them in their hour of play. Games of
various kinds were played, much to
Die delight of all present.
duntrial Investigation under proper au
thority.
In this work the boys visited the
local manufacturing establishments
and filled out a detailed industrial
schedule, in the same manner as do
special agents of the statistical bu
reaus of the federal government. They
were held strictly responsible for the
accuracy of their reports, and the sla
tistlcal tables which have been pre
pared are compiled directly from their
reports.
Training for Citizenship.
TDin, the "Wlnston-Sulem plan,” as
It may he termed, trains tho hoya of
the city for citizenship; first, in the
high school, where they are taught the
principles of civil government and In
structed In the theories and basic
problems governing our economic or
der; second, In the Juvenile Club
where they have the means of being
Identified with real work of municipal
development, arid to take part in ac
tual social and industrial investiga
tions. Under this plan, an opportu
nity is provided for the hoys to study
at close range the varied Industries
Of the elty under competent direction
and in an Official capacity.
In brief, tho plan essays to teach
the boys how to live at. 1 to equip them
with an education by > •. Uth they can
make a living, which,*..?* he end, It
tho real secret of practical training
for intelligent citizenship.
FIVE
Edited By
H.i.S.
SYSTEM IS WELL
ESTABLISHED IN
6 SCHOOLS NOW
Intcrcstinq Report of Miss
Eunice Cates Just Been Corn-
Dieted. Contains Information
21 TEACHERS IN DEPT.
Augusta One of First Cities in
South to Have Public Kinder
garten. Began in 'B9.
Augusta has ail adequate, well-es
tablished system of kindergartens—
one of which she can unhesitatingly
boast.
The annual re|s>rt of Miss Eunice
M. Cates for the kindergarten depart
ment just submitted is an interesting
piece of information, it is printed
helow in full.
There are few Augustans, particu
larly parents of school children, who
know much If anything about this Im
portant branch of the city’s public
schools. In view of this, the follow
ing report should he of no little in
terest.
THE REPORT.
The kindergarten is the connecting
link between the home and the school.
It considers the whole nature of the
child and provides proper conditions
for growth and harmonious develop
ment of mind, body and soul. ,
Play Is the only activity natural to
little children, therefore the only
means by which this development can'
be made. Every exercise of the kin
dergarten Is of a social nature. It
Is as a happy place, where little chil
dren work and play together and
learn to love and help each other.
The child must respect the rights of
others or he is separated from hie
playmates.
Use of Games.
Through the games civic virtue*
are fostered and valuable physical
training Riven.
The child's religious nature Is cut
tlvated —powers of love and rever
ence for all things God has made,
lie Is led to an appreciation of nature
by the care and protection of pet
animals tending of plant- sowing of
seed, etc.
Through the stories and poems a
taste for good literature Is cultivated
and the child enters the primary
grades familiar with the subject mat
ter of reading. A mental background
is also formed for the formal study
of writing, arithmetic and geography
by the training of eye, hand and brain
through the hand work—(using the
kindergarten gift and occupation ma
terial).
Aim of the Kindergarten.
The aim of the kindergarten dis
cipline Is to make the child self-gov
erning, at the sunie time teach him
his responsibility toward, and de
pendence upon the community of
which he 1h a part. Thus the child
Is being prepared, not only for the
school life upon which he is soon to
enter but for life Itself.
The Importance of this formation
period cannot he over estimated, and
kindergartens should be considered
an essential part of every school sys
tem.
Augusta was one of the first cities
In the Month to awaken to this reali
zation. Tho first public kindergarten
was opened in January, 1889, with
Miss Ida Goodrich In charge. The
basement of the Central School was
transformed Into a "Garden for Chil
dren." Tho little gronj) soon bocama
too large for one teacher, and an as*
sistHnt was elected. Both Miss Good*
rich and her assistant had been sttw
dents of what was then known as tha
American System. F.ach year there
was an Increasing demand for more
kindergartens. Several of Augusta'*
bright young women wpnt to Wash
ington for training and came back
enthusiastic and ready to meet the d*.
mand for teachers
At the beginning of 1914 this de.
partment Is established in our st»
largest public schools.
All these are In a flourishing con
ditlon, with an enrollment of 340
children, 14 teachers and seven stu
dent teachers.
Reports from the various school*
are as follows:
John Milledge School.
Enrollment 102.
Average attendance 72.
Director, Mrs. Mary H. Shewmaket
Assistants, Miss Leila Youngblood,
Miss Bertha Meigle.
Stundcnt-Teachers, Miss Elizabeth
Continued on Pago Seven