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VOL. IV L&sme tn summer can be prevented by taking Scott’s EmuHsion Its as benef icial in summer as In winter. If you are weak or run down, it will build you up. Stud for free sample. SCOTT & BOWNE, Chemists, 409-415 l-earl Street, New York. 50c. aud fji.oo; all druggists. ABOUT FERTILIZATION CONCERNING THE SOIL. AND ITS RELATION TO ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS. REGARDING PLANT LIFE Important Subject of Interest to All Agriculturists Further Discussed by Georgia State Chemist. letter no. 2. All living things, both plant and ani- mal, may be traced back to two sources, the soil and the atmosphere. In the last analysis every particle of which rived they are composed must have been de- either from the air or the earth, The food derived from the air is by fat greater soil, but in quantity than that from the as the elements of plant food in the atmosphere automatically renew themselves, there need never be any fear that the atmosphere will be ex- hausted of the elements of plant food which it contains; the soil, however, is a different proposition. The elements of plant food contained are much less abundant than in the air; in fact, many of them are quite limited in quantity, and the best efforts of the farmer ars needed to improve the condition of his •soil so as to render the plaut food in it more available; to prevent such plant food as exists from washing away, available and to add plant food from any other sources. The soil is any part of the earth’s surface which is cnpabU of cultivation and of the production of orops. Tne geologists tell us that when the earth first cooled down from a mol ten condition there was no soil any- where, but onlv rock, great granite boulders and rocks of other nature, but that in the vast periods of time which elapsed between the cooling down of the earth’s crust and the time when man and orner animals began to ap¬ pear on the earth, the rocks had rotted and crumbled away and pro¬ duced what vve now know as the soil aud subsoil. The rain falling upon the rocks sinks into the cracks and fissures, and, freezing therein, tears and flakes off smail particles; these in turn, being swept along by floods, are ground against each other and gradually re¬ duced to powder. The oxygen of the atmosphere also exerts a chemical effect in converting some of the minerals into oxideB. For instance, if yon leave a bright, new ax out exposed to the weather you will soon note a coating npon it which yon call rust; that is produced by the action of the oxygen of the air upoii the iron of the ax, aud is really the oxide of iron. In this way, then, by the action of water in freezing and thawing, in grinding and trans¬ porting the broken fragments of the rock and by the action of the air in ox¬ idizing the minerals going on for many thousands and thousands of years, pos¬ sibly millions of years, the rocks have been gradually converted into what we now know as the soil and subsoil. The Subsoil may extend down only a few feet, or it may extend for many feet, bat when yon get to the bottom of it yon will* strike the rock, usually the same kind of rock from which the soil was originally derived. Soils may be divided into these general classes— sandy, clayey, limy aud peaty, accord¬ ing to whether their principal ingre¬ dients consist of sand, clay, carbonate of lime or vegetable matter. A soil which contains over 70 per cent of sand is called sandy. Such soils usually con¬ tain but little plant food. They are ill- adapted to withstand a drought, as the sandy particles absorb and retain but little moisture and the crops would soon burn up in a long dry season; but when the rainfall is abundant ar irri¬ gation i 3 at hand these soils are desira¬ ble. because they dry out quickly, per¬ mit the easy cultivation of the crops and respond quickly to liberal fertiliza¬ tion. They are especially adapted tt quick-growing Clay orops. A soil is one that oontains over 60 per cent of clay, and is exactly the reverse of the sandy soil. Water perco lates through them very slowly and in a very wet season the crops on them suffer from the excess of moisture. They are also more difficult to cultivate. These lands, however, are usually rich¬ er in plant food. They are well adapt¬ ed to the grains and grasses. Limy soils, lime soils, or oaicareous soils, ara those wnich contain over 20 per cent oi lime. The lime exists in these 6 oils in the form of carbonate of lime, and is a very valuable element of plant food. Ii is itself .absolutely! .gBsential to the plant $ .• Tf V* & A M* 1 * H ^ m | f? f 1 * j 'a % S r •r. >• it f 6 4 U N E. "Don’t Grivo Up tlio Slxip." BUCHANAN, GA,. FRIDAY, JUNE 28, 1901. ailiT it also ams m Breaking up~muleial combinations in the soil, and so render- ing other elements of plant food avail¬ able which would otherwise remian in- soluble and therefore inert. Lime also aids materially in the decay of organic or vegetable mat- ter in the soil; it also improves the mechanical condition of the soil; it is a great benefit in this way both to sandy aud clay soils. It causes ths very loose particles of the sandy soil to adhere more closely together, anil so improves its power of absorbing and holding water; it also improves the tex- ture of a clay soil by preventing the particles from sticking or adhering so closely together aud thus renders it more porous aud iriable aud easy to work, and also enables water to through it more easily, in a measure obviating the dangers of a wet season in clay land. The limy soils are adapt- »i to the grains and grasses and fruits, Peaty soils consist of organic or vege- table matter in a stare of partial decom- position, with comparatively little min- eral matter. Such lands are usually of a deep black color and are very produc- live. The three kinds of soil just described are the extremes of their kind, and the soils which are generally preferred by farmers are mixtures of these, aud are known as loams; a soil which contains from 10 to 20 per cent of clay is called a sandy loam, when it contains from 20 to 30 per cent of clay it is a loam, and when it is composed of from 30 to ,50 per cent of clay is a clay loam. An ideal or perfect soil is hard to find in nature containing just, the right proportion of sand to keep it porous aud warm aud permeable to water; just the right amount of clay to keep it cool and to obviate the water running quickly through it iike a sieve or evaporating too rapidly from its surface; just the right amount of humus or decayed vege* table matter to furnish nitrogen and to hold .just the proper quantity of moist- ure like a sponge: also just the proper amount of lime in the soil to furnish plant food to help liberate the potash from the feldsp: ud mica minerals in the soil, aud also m aid in the decompo- suion of roots and turned under crons like clover aud peas. Plenty of lime in the soil will help convert these into humus which is so highly appreciated by farmers all over the wor.d because it helps to retain moisture, to cou vert the insoluble forms of nitrogen into.the more soluble, and to give to the soil tuat black color which is usually found in most fertile soils, and which certainly has the power of absorbing more of the heat rays of the »uu and thus making the soil warmer man the lighter colored soils can possibly be In my next letter I will still write you more on this mi- portaut subject oi‘the soil, John McCanduess, State Gno-mist. COTTON IN GEQBGi FOUR PER CEN T INCREASE IN ACREAGE AND THE CROP RATHER LATE. COMPARATIVE CONDITIONS The Best Showing Made Iu the South, •ro section of the State—Other Staple Crops. The Department of Agriculture has just completed the work of making up the average, acreage and condition of Georgia crops, using June 1 as the basis. The result is herewith presented: Perhaps the most important point shown in the report is that the increase in the cotton acreage is only from 2 to 7 per cent iu the different sections, but the loss in the condition of the crop, it is believed, will more than compensate for this gain. The Department of Agriculture sent out from six to ten circnlars to each of the 137 counties in the state. These cir¬ cnlars contained 31 questions, asking as to the comparative acreage and condi¬ tion of the various crops, and replies were received from between 900 and 1,000 of them, or an average of seven or eight from each county in the state. The letter accompanying this circular sent out by the department is as follows: “Questions for May crop report, 1901. Returnable June 1 , 1901. “Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, Ga., May 15, 1901.—Dear Sir: Please answer the following questions on June l or as early as possible after that date, and mail promptly so as to reach my office by the third. “An average crop, or average condi¬ tion, or anything with which compari¬ son is made, is always taken as 100 . Thus, if the corn crop at any time is 10 per ceut better than last year, or 10 per cent better than an average, it should be reported as 110 in each case, and if 10 per cent below these standards, it should be reported 90. Avoid vague compari¬ sons. such as ‘some better,’ ‘hardly as good’, ‘above an average,’ etc. “In making up your answers let them apply to the whole county in which you reside, not simply to your owu farm. “If a orop about which questions are asked is not grown in your county, use character X- If von have not sufficient data to in alee an approximate estimate, leave the space blank. "Very respectfully, “O. B. Stevens, “Commissioner of Agriculture. jr WRIGHT, Assistant.” , " Kor the state " ' The reports received from every couu- ty in the state show an average increase in the cotton acreage over last year of 4 per cent, the smallest increase being J per cent in North Georgia and 7 per cent in South Georgia. The Georgia j department into of agriculture, detail aud however, the officials has gone more here believe it is nearer correct. The condition and prospect of the crop com- pared to last year are 84 per ccut and ! the crop all over the state is an average of 17 days late. It was necessary to re- plant an average of *6 per cent of the crop 011 account of frost aud storms. I ho average stand over the state as com- pared to a good stand is 78 6 . frait at * .... locked cro P c lls tlma 18 upon as next almost in importance to ; tbe cotton crop, lue percentage of a ; full peach crop throughout the^ state I escaped the frost is put at 74 per cent, apples 57 per cent and pears 56 1 P er cent, ine grape crop throughout the state as compared to last year is 87.7 per cent. The condition and prospects °* tlie or °P are P er cent * aa outlook much better than was expected * u view" of the many setbacks with which.the fruit has had to contend. figures from all over the state show the following averages tor grain aa< ^ other crops: Lorn Acreage compared to last year 100.5, condition anil prospects compared to last year 89.7. Oats—Acreage 9S. 5, condition 100, per- ceutago or crop sown in the fall still standing 5o 7. Wheat Acreage 9o.o, condition 97.7. Sugarcane Acreage 94, condition ^ Bice Acreage in . southern Georgia, lowland 96, condition 9J. Sorghum Acreage 96, condition 84. Clover ami Grasses Acreage 82.8, condition 85. Condition of sheep as compared to ^ ast year 78.9, work stock 95.7, hogs 100. The percentage of disease among stool- is from 2 to 6 per cent. The average cash price for corn May 1 all over me state was 68 cents per bushel, credit price 83. S. The percent age of a full supply d corn on hand is 50 per cent; of hay 48 per cent, ; j u . \ ort nei-M section, The northern section is made nn the counties of Banks, Bartow, Camp- bell, Catoosa, Chattooga, CberoKee, Ka.i;’ Clarke, Cobo. Dade, Dawson, D. Douglas, Elbert, FJunnin, iorsvih, Franklin. Fiord. Full on, Gilmer, G.r* don, Gwinnett, Habersham, Haii, Hari, JacKsou, Lincoln, Lumpkin, Madison, Milton, Murray, OcoiAe, Paulding, Pickeus, Polk,* Rabun, Rock- dale, Towns, Union, Walker, Walton, White, Whitfield and Wilkei. .srr - “° ps ““— is Cotton—Acreage compared to last year 102, condition and prospect compared to last year 84, 14 days later iban usual, per cent ot crop winch had to ue planted over 15, stand compared to a good stand 87. Corn makes a good showing, its aver- age as compared to last year being 100, and its condition and prospect 93. F>g- ures lor the otner grain crons are as tol- ' l ows; Oats—Average compared to last year, 97; condition and prospect, 92; percent- age of the crop now standing which was sown last fail, 43. Wheat—Acreage compared to last year 103, condition and prospect 102. Rice (planted onlv in Habersham and White counties)—Upland acreage as compared to last year 86 , condition 86 . Sugar cane—Acreage compared to last year 98, condition 99 . Sorghum—Acreage 108, condition 85. Glover and grasses—Acreage 105, cou- dition 108. The fruit crop in the northern section shows considerable falling off. Of tho peaches 77 per cent of a full cron has es- caped frost, apples 66 per cent, pears 52, and the grape crop compared to last year is 92 per cent. The average condition of the fruit crop is 75 . The condition of sheep in the northern section as compared to last year is 98, working stock 9 a and hogs of all ages 97. There is only 2 per ceut of diseases among the stock in this section. The average cash price for corn May 1 was 70 cents per bushei, credit price 85 cents. There is 40 pe.r cent oj_a lull Mr. W,S. Whedon, cashier of the First National Bank of winterset, Iowa, in a recent letter gives some ex¬ perience with a carpenter in his em¬ ploy, that will be of value to other me¬ chanics. He says: “I had a carpenter working for me who was obliged to stop work for several daysori account of being troubled with diarrhoea. 1 mentioned to him that 1 had heer,sim¬ ilarly troubled and that Chamberlain’s Colic, Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy had cured me. Me bought a bottle of it from the druggist here and informed me that one dose cured him, and he is again at his work.” For sale by Cope¬ land Bros Bremen ; S Gaulding & Co.. Waco. supply oi corn now o.Tuaim and 3.7 per cent of a full supply oi hay. in i no ’lulii.e ‘morion. The counties comprising the middlo section are Baldwin, Buffi, burke. Car roh, Clayton, Columbia, Cowera, Craw- ford, Emanuel. Hurts, Fayc.tie, Gias- cock, Greene, Hancock, Hums, Heard, Henry, Jasper, Jefferson • loan-on. Jones, Laurens, Marion, McDuffi . Mon¬ r oe, Morgan, Newton, Pike, i J n:uam, Richmouu, Screven, Spalding, l’albot, Taliaterro, Troup, Twiggs, Upson, A nr- ren and Washington. This section is a most important agricultural belt The report of crops for this section is aa follows: Cotton—Acreage compared to last year 103 , condition aud pro meet com- pared Ssual, t-o la^t year 83. 17 day-, inter than ‘ per cent of crop wmch had t Be planted over 36, stand compared to a g 00[ i stand 64. Tne conuition of the grain crops in the middle section is as follows; * Corn—Acreage compared to last year gg condition and prospect as compared j 0 f asc year 84. oats—Acreage compared to last year yg j condition and prospect 102 , per cent 01 .li 1 crop now standing planted Iasi f a ;. t;;i. Wheat. — Acreage compared to last year 88 , condition and prospect 89. Glnver and grasses—Acreage com par- ef j ro i asc year 33, condition aud pros- p ect 36 . Sugar cane—Acreage 82, stand com- pared to average 89. Rice—Acreage in lowland compared to last year 15, upland 17, condition and prospect. 84. Sorgnuin—Acreage 77, condition 71. Tne fruit crop in the middle section is not quite so goon as that in the north¬ ern. Only 66 per cent of a full crop has escaped the frost; apples 60 per cent ami pears 54 per cent. The grape crop as compared to last year is 73 per cent. Condition and prospects for fruit 68 per cent. The condition of sheep is 41, work stock 95, hogs of all ages 90; the amount of diseases among stock is 3 to 4 per cent, The average cash price for corn May 1 was 63 cents a bushel; credit price 71 cents. The percentage of a full supply of corn on hand is 48 ; of hay 49. flip Non:hern section. The counties comprised in the south¬ ern section are Appling, Baker, Berrien, Brooks, Bryan, Bulloch, Calhoun, Cam¬ den, Chatham, Chattahoochee, Clay, Clinch, Coffee, Coiquitt, Decatur, Doo- lv. Donge, Dougnertv, Lariv, Echols, Effingham, Giynn, Houston, Irwin, Lee, Liberty, Lnvudes, Macon. Marion, Me- Intosh, Merri we tiler, Miller, Mitchell, Montgomery, Fierce, Pulaski, Quitman, Randolph, Schley, Sumter, i’atnall, Taylor, Telfair, Terrell, l'nomas, Ware, Wayne, Webster, Wilcox, Wilkinson and Worth. Tne report of crops for this section is follows: Cotton-Acreage as compared to last year 107, condition and prospect corn- iss tz wanted over 27, stand compared to 8 2 00( 1 stand 84. The following are tho figures showing the condition of grain aud otner crops: Corn Acreage compared to last year 103.5; condition and prospect as com- pared to last year, 43. Oats—Acreage 102.5; condition 105; percentage of the crop now standing that was sown in the fall, (ii. Wheat—Acreage 95; condition 102. 95.7. _&n^roane—Acreage * 103; condition; Rice Acreage, lowland, ... 96 j upland, 96; com*turn and prospects, 9a. i borghum Acreage .04, conuition Ji. ; Clover and grasses-Acreage 110.5; condition 111.7a. The fruit crop makes an average show- ing . in the southern section. Of a full crop of peaches an average ot 1 9 per cent escaped the frost; apples, 66 per cent, aud pears, 64 per cent. The grape crop compared ro last year is 98 per cent. The condition and prospects of fruit crop are 18.6 per cent, lhe condition of sheep is 97 .8 pet '*- eur > work stock 190, and hogs of ail ages 115 per ceut. There is 3 to 5 per cent of disease among the stock, The average cash price for corn May 1 was cents per bushel; credit price 89.6 cents. The percentage of a full supply of corn on hand was 02.6 per cent aud oi hay 61 per cent. You may as well expect to.run a team engine without water as to find an active energetic man with a torpid liver and you may kn«wthat his liver is torpid when he does not relish his food, or feels dull and languid after I eating, often has headache, and some¬ I times dizziness. \ few doses of Cham I beilain’s Stomach and LiverTahlets will restore his liver to its normal functions, renew his vitality, improve his digestion and make him fee! like a tmw man. Price 25 cents. Samples free at Copeland Bros. Bremen; S. Gauldin & Go. Waco, An Acqntred Taste. “Yes, there is something in a name. There’s my wife, for instance.” “What about her?” “Why, her first name is Olive, and 1 didn’t like her at all at first.”—Cleve¬ land Plain Dealer. NO 30 A Npraliml Ankle <|uirhljr Cured “At one time 1 suffered from a se¬ vere sprain of the ankle,” says Geo. E. ( ary, editor of the Guide, Washington Va. “After using several recommend- ed medicines without success, l tried Chamberlain's Pain Balm, and am pleased to say that relief come as soon a* I began its use and a complete cure speedily followedS 14 by Copeland Bros. Bremen; S Gnutriing & Co waco Mantua the Choir Sins. Many conscientious ministers have had trouble with wavwnrd i,‘ -hoiis but nnf n i] r addr ^ or 1 ^ a< ” een di tile ill 1 ty mth tire singers. . and they had given out that they should not sing on the next Sunday, Tills was told to Dr West. “Well, well, we will see.” he said and on Sun- day morning gave out his hymn After reading it he said very emphatically, “You will begin with the second verse: “Let those refuse to sinf? Who never knew our God/* Tbe hymn was sung. A Scoop. “What did your wife do when she found those poker chips In your over¬ coat pocket?” asked the praetical joker. “She took the matter very coolly. She found out where they came from and sent a messenger hoy to get them cashed.”—Washington Star. «lnl<-k and Effective. Willie—How did you break your wife of tbe “advanced woman” craze? Wise— Told tier everybody thought it meant “advanced” in years.-Kansas City Independent. A <4ou<l Cough Medicine. it speaks well for Chamberlain's Cough Remedy when druggists use it in their own families indrefereuce to any other. “I have sold Chamberlain’s Cough Remedy for the past five years with complete satisfaction to myself and customers,” says Druggist JGold- smith, Van Eiten. N. Y. l 4 I have al- wa y 3 ,; 9el j R in my own family both fl* Ule , o^ry cou * h f<»lh»wing coughs , lagrippe, foW. and and tit.d for ii very effieack us * For sale by Cope- bind Bros. Bremen; 8 Gaulding & Co. Waco. She W«*» Ahead. Marjorie had Just returned from a visit to the old homestead In Tennessee, here a color ed nurse nearly 100 years ... Dllz . «*> *» «*>< c** ^ »* *■»* “auntie” by ber mother and the family but at last she accepted the fact and did likewise Her playmates, troop- ( n g ( a , 0 welcome her home, began to enumerate their possessions acquired durjn „ beJ . absence . , rn . ,, h lnek nnnv” crowed Guarne exultantly, I v p Kot n new baby brother, cried Jessie “M’m! That’s nothing; I’ve got two of’em." retorted Fred, Marjorie’s eves flashed. “Obi” she cr | tJ j "Tv,, got a heap more’n that: « ' ‘ asT"ar nnn ,| „ s otf i „„ Mefusela and black as tar. Lehlit s weekly. Aronard Her Cartoalty After All. “Don’t want any.” said a North Broad¬ way housekeeper from her second story window to a street vender whose wag¬ on was standing a few steps away and who had just pulled the bell. “Dou t want any what?” gruffly ask¬ ed tbe arab. who hadn't had even a chance to tell what bis wares were. “5Ybat have you got?” asked the housekeeper, whose curiosity was get¬ ting the better of her anuoyance. “Oh. never mind. You don’t want any Git up. Bob!” “Now, l wonder what that exasperat¬ ing man is selling, auyhow?” she ex¬ claimed as the wagon disappeared around the corner.—Baltimore Sun. Preparation For Confession, A priest was engaged in instructing and catechising a Russian boy. Pres¬ ently he said. “Now, uiy boy, tell me what you must do by way of prepnr- ing for confession and penace." “Sin, your reverence," was the unexpected answer.—London Telegraph. The discovery of what Is true and the practice of that which is good are thp two most important objects of phi¬ losophy.—Junius. Every time an argument gains you a new friend It loses you two old ones.— Chicago News. Romomber all are invited to at¬ tend the nily at Buchanan on July 4.