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THE I BLACKSHEAK TIMES. VOL. VI. pi!|J\|P\n I IlLiitJlUli/i 1 1 k3 illLueilUl.l \\iljHilCP „ Relations . hnqland— 1-/7 roreinn — Slave n trade—Brazil--neve- -r j n i n flues---me I1//OC Tho Chinozc- ininese—ine Tho m- Nr y nm-.-Thp 0 1 Ut lnuuln Inriinn ’ 1 Ftp - LL - To the Senate and House of Representatives: There are few transactions in the adminis trntion of the government that are even temporarily held in the confidence of those charged with the conduct of the public business. Every step taken is under the ob servation of an intelligent and watchfid peo pie. The state of the Union is known from day to day, and suggestions as to needed legislation find an earlier voice than that which speaks in these annual communica tions of the President to Congress. Goodwill and cordiality have characterized our relations and correspondence with other governments, and the year just closed leaves few international questions of importance remaining unadjusted. No obstacle is be lieved to exist that can long postpone the consideration and adjustment of the still pending questions upon satisfactory and honorable terms. The dealings of this gov ernment with other States have been and should always be marked by frankness and sincerity, our purposes avowed >nd our methods free from intrigue. This course has borne rich fruit in the past, and it is our duty as a nation to preserve the heritage of good repute which a century lias of right dealing with foreign governments secured to us. OUR HONORED GUESTS. It is . a matter of ....... si^niiicance, and . no less of congratulation, that the first year of the second century of our constitutional ex istence finds, as honored guests within our Ixirders, the representatives of all the hide pendent States of North and South America, met the together best methods in earnest of perpetuating conference touching and ex panding the relations of mutual interest and friendliness existing among them. That the opportunity thus afforded lor promoting closer international relations and tho in creased prosperity of the States represented will be used for the mutual good of all I can awai-^whth^nter^^ aw ai^ w ith interest and^confidetu^^he're- ana connaence tne te su ts to Dow from so conspicuous a meeting ot alhed and, in large part, indentical interests. THE MARITIME CONGRESS. Another international conference, having great possibilities for good, has lately assem bled and is now in session in this capital. An invitation was extended by the government, under the act of Congress of July 9, 188S, to all maritime nations to send delegates to confer touching the revision and amend ment of the rules and and regulations adopt governing uniform vessels at sea to a system of marine signals. The re sponse to this invitation has been very general and very cordial. Delegates from twenty-six nations are present in the conference, ami they have entered upon their useful work with great zeal, and with an evident appreciation of its importance, .So far as the agreement, to be reached limy require legislation Congress to give confidently it effect, the relied co operation of is upon. THE FISHERIES DISPUTE. On the part of the Government of the Do minion of Canada an effort has been appar ent during the season just ended to adminis ter the laws anil regulations applicable to the fisheries with as little occasion for trie tion as was possible, and the temperate repre -nutations of this government of in harsh respect of cases pretations of undue hardship been or inter have in most cases met with measures of transitory relief. It is trusted that the attainment of our just i ights under existing treaties and in virtue of the concurrent legislation of the two contiguous countries will not be long deferred and that all existing causes of difference may be equit «hl» aniy aojusten. THE REPUBLIC OF HAYTI. It is a source of great satisfaction that the internal disturbances of the Republic of Hayti are at. last happily ended, and that an apparently stable government has been constituted. It has been duly recognized by the United States. THE REVOLUTION IN BRAZIL. The recent revolution in Brazil in favor of the establishment of a Republican form of government is an event of great interest to the United States. Our minister at Rio de Janeiro was at once instructed to maintain friendly diplomatic relations with the pro visional government, and the Brazilian rep resentatives at this capital were instructed by the functions. provincial Our government friendly to intercourse continue their with Brazil has, therefore, suffered no inter ruption. instructed Our minister has been further to extend on the part of this government a for mal and cordial recognition of the new re public of Brazil so soon shall as have the signified majority their of the people assent to its establishment and maintenance. PEACE AND PP.OSPEP.ITY AT HOME. Within our own borders a general condition of prosperity prevails, The harvests of the ami last summer trade conditions were exceptionally prevailing abundant, the now seem to promise a successful season to the mer chant and the manufacturer, and general em ployment to our working people. UNCLE SAM'S FINANCES. The report of the Secretary of the Treas ury for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, hals been prepared and will lie presented to Congress. It presents with clearness the fis cal operations of the government, and I avail myself of it to obtain some tacts for use here. The aggregate receipt s from all sources for the year were $387,050,056.84, derived as follows: From customs......... *093 goo 741 (fy From internal revenue " 330 ' 881513 !(2 From miscellaneous sources.. 33,335.803 23 The ordinary expenditures for the same period were $281,996,615.60. and the total ex penditures. including the sinking fund, were $339,379.929.25. The excess of receipts over expenditures was. after providing for the sinking fund, $57,470. l'?9.59. For the current fiscal y-er the total reve nues.----- actual and estimated, are $385,000,000. and th“ ordinary expenditures, actual , and estimated, are $293,000,000, making, with the sinking fund, a total expenditure of eff8.S83.6l. 1 no v-avin'-an estimated surplus of$43 applied During the fiscal rear there was to the purchase of bonds, in addition to those for the' -inking fund. $9".456,172.35, and during tb« first quarter f the current rear the sum of $37,838,937.77. all of which w ere redited to T ke -inkin" fund. The revenues for the fiscal Year ending June 30, 3893. are -stimated bv" the Treasury Department at $385'X)0 000 ’ and the expenditures for the same period, including the sinking fund, at 1341 4d0 4 for' “ 70 Th i shows an estimated surplus that Year of $43, 569,522.30, which is more likelv to he increased than re dated when the actual transactions are written - up The existence of so large an actual and an ticipated surplus should have the immediate attention ol Congress, with a view of reduc- BLACKSHEAR. GA. THURSDAY, DECEMBER 12. 188D. collection SftSS&S ZXXZXX'St needed for public of moneys not uses imposes an unnecessary burden upon our people, and the presence of so large disturbing a sur plus in the public vaults is a element, iu the conduct of private business. putting it has it , -ailed into into circulation » expedients of 'very que»- tor tunable propriety. \V,. should not collect revenue for the purpose of anticipating sink- our bon(iSi h( , volul the requirements of the ing fund, but any unappropriated used, surplus is in the Treasury should be so as there nc other lawful way of returning the money by the to circulation, and the profit realized government otters a substantial advantage. The loaning of public funds to the banks without interest, upon the security of gov emment bonds, 1 regard as an unauthorized nn d dangerous expedient. It results lu a temporary and unnatural increase of the banking capital of favored localities, and compels a cautious and gradual recall < if the deposits to avoid injury to the commercial interests. It is not to be expected that the banks having these deposits will sell their bonds to the Treasury so long as the continued. present highly beneficial arrangement is They now practically get interest both upon the bonds and their made proceeds, of y,, further use should be this method fcf getting tbe surplus into circulation, and the denosits now out standing should be gradually of bonds. withdrawn It is anc j applied to such the purchase be made of the fortunate that a use can existing surplus, and for some time to come of anv casual surplus that may exist after Congress lias taken the necessary steps tor a reduction of the revenue. Such considerately, legislation sbou j d promptly, but very ena cted. A REVISION OF THE TARIFF. I recommend a revision of our tantl law, both in its administrative features and m the schedules. The need of the former is Generally £ conceded, and an agreement remedied upon he ( , vjls aIu j inconveniences to be an j tll „ j, est methods for their correction lvil j pl . 0 bably not be difficult. Uniformity of vahmtiou at aU our ports is essential, and effective measures should be taken to secure |t ]f js ,. qua lly desirable that should questions be atfectin „ rates a nd classifications promptly ^ decided solieduale of The preparation of a new cus toms duties is a matter of great delicacy be eause o{ its direct e ff eo t upon the business of the coun trv. j and of great difficulty by reason the o{ Ule wi e divergence of opinion as to objects that may properly be promoted by suc ** h ^ legislation. Some disturbance of busi perhaps result from the considera tion or - this subject by Congress, but this temporary ill effect will be reduced to the minimum by prompt action |Bid by the as suranee which the country already enjoys be that any necessary changes will so made as not to impair the just and reasonable protection of our home m dustries. The inequalities of the law should be adjusted, but the protective prb> ‘•‘iple should be maintained and fairly applied to the products of our farms as well as of our shops. These duties necessarily the public have relation to other things besides revenues. We cannot limit their effects by fixing our eyes on the public treasury alone. They have a direct relation to home pro duction, to work, to wages, and to tho com me reial independence of our country, and the wise and patriotic legislator should en large the field of his vision to include all of these, The necessary reduction in our public making reve nues can, 1 am sure.be made without the ihe smaller burden more onerous than larger by reason of the disabilities «md linn tations which the process of l eduction put upon both capital and labor, ihe can vel T sately B® extended by placing thereon articles that do not offer injurious competition to such domestic products as our home labor can supp.y. The removal ot t he internal tax upon tobacco would relieve an important agricultural product ftont a bur den which was imposed duties only because iusu out- tt revenue from customs was f° r tlle pnbheneeiiH. It safe provisi - fraud can be devised the u P on h P‘ I lt * u ' i: d 111 ll! ts 1 tures would also offer unobjectionable .. an method of reducing tbe surplus. THE COINAGE OF SILVER DOLLARS. The total coinage of silver dollars was. on November ___ 1SJS9, $34..,038,001, of which . 1, in the Treasury vaults $283,539,531 were circulation. Of the and $60,098,480 were in amount in the vaults $27.,319,94» certifi- were represented by outstanding silver circulation cates, leaving $6,219,577 not in an d U ot represented by certificates, The law requiring the purchase by the Treasury of *2,000,000 worth of silver bul tj on ,-^.p month, to be coined into silver dol j ars 41314 grains, lias been observed by t i Je department, but neither the present .Secretary nor any of his predecessors has deemed it safe to exercise the discretion given by law to increase the monthly pur chases j to $4,000,000. advocate of the h ave always been an use of silver in our currency. AVearelargepro ducers of that metal, and should not dis ert .dit it. To the plan which will be pre se nted by the Secretary of the Treasury for th e issuance of notes or certificates upon the deposit of silver bullion at its market value j been able to give only a hasty exam iuatiou. owing to the press of other matters and to the fact that it has been so recently formulated. The details of such a law re quire careful consideration, but the general plan suggested by him seems to satisfy the purpose—to continue the use of silver in con nection with our currency, and at the same time to obviate the danger of which I have spoken. At a later day I may communicate further with Congress upon this subject. EXCLUDING THE CHINESE. The euforcement of the Chinese exclusion act has been found to lie very difficult on the Northwestern frontier. Chinamen landing at Victoria find it easy to pass our border, swing to tbe impossibility, the with the officers, force at of the command of customs guarding so long an inland line. The Secre tary of the Treasury has authorized the em ployment of additional officers, who will be assigned to this duty, and every effort will be made to enforce the law. The Dominion exacts a head tax of $50 for each Chinaman landed, and when these persons, in fraud of our law, cross into our territory and are apprehended, our officers do not know what to do with them, as the Dominion authorities wiil not suffer them to lie sent back without a second payment of the tax. An effort will be made to reach an understanding that -will remove this difficulty. WITHOUT COAST DEFENSES. Judged by modem standards, we are prac ticaliv without coast defense-. Many of the structures we have would enhance rather than diminish the perils of their garrisons if subjected to the fire of improved guns: and very few are so located as to give full effect to the greater range of such guns a- we are now making for coast defence uses. This general subject ha- had consideration in Congress for some years, and the approoria tion for the construction of large rifled guns. made one year ag >. was. I am sure, the <-i press; ci of a purpose to provide suitable works m which these guns nngnt tie mounted, An appropriation now made for that purj r •-*' would not advance the completion of the works neyond our ability to supply .hem with fairly effective guns. The security of our eoast citim agamtt for eign attack should no- rest altogether m the friendly disposition of other nations. Thert should be a second line wholly in our own keeping 1 very urgently recommend anap propriation at this session for the construe tiou of such works in our most exposed liar Ixu-s. I approve the suggestion of the Secretary of War that provision be made for encamp ing companies ot the National Guard in our coast works for a speeilieil time each year and for their training in the use of heavy guns. His suggestion that an increase of the artillery force of the army is desirable is also iu this connection commended to the consideration of Congress. important rivers . The improvement of our and harbors should be promoted by t ho nee essury appropriations. the PROTECTION OF FEDERAL OFFICERS. The assault made by David of S. tho Terry Supreme upon the person of Justice Field, Court of the United States, at Lathrop, l id., in August last, and tae killing ot the assail ant by a deputy United States marshal who had been deputed to accompany anticipated Justice Field mid to protect him from violence at the hands of Terry, iu connection with tlie legal proceedings which have fol lowed, suggest questions which, in iny judg ment. are worthy the attention of Congress. 1 recommend that more definite provision be made by law, not only for the protection of Federal officers, but for a full trial ot such cases in the United States courts. Events, which have been brought to my attention, happening in other parts of the country, have also suggested the propriety of extending, by legislation, fuller protection to thoso who ntav be called as witnesses ii the courts of the United States. The law compels those who are supposed attend to have knowledge and of public offenses and to to give upon our courts grand juries resulting duty evi dence. There is a manifest that these witnesses shall be protected from injury on account of their testimony. lhe investigations of criminal offenses are often rendered futile, anil the punishment of witnesses. of crime impossible, by the intimidation trusts imi the copyrioht Paws. Earnest attention should be given by Con far cress to ?estraTnt a consideration of tlie combinations question how the of those of capital commonly called “trusts” is matter of Federal jurisdiction. When organized, as they often are, to crush out all production healthy com petition and to monopolize the or sale of an article of commerce and general necessity they are dangerous should conspiracies made against the public good and lie the subject of prohibitory and even penal legislation. international copyright The subject of an has been frequently commended to the atten tion of Congress by my predecessors. The enactment of such a law would be eminently W . . . . Chir naturalization laws should he so re government ofthe p^ns allying for ciU rne h |fy t'S ffih?SSitrnl exm^ montf'in"!^”Jiiqu^y. on^sto^fo Those ^ jurilTinflue^ who nre^the to swdlthe and to extend the evil practices of any asso ciations that defies our laws, should not only be denied citizennliin, but a domicile. The enactment or a national permanent bankrupt of law of a character to Ik* a part our general legislation is desirable, It should be simple in its methods and inexpensive in its administration. THE POSTMASTER-GENERAL'S REPORT. Tlie report of the Postmaster-General not only exhibits the operations of the depart ment for the last fiscal year, but contains many valuable suggestions for the improve ment and extension of the service, which are commended to your attention, No other branch of the government has so close a con tact with the daily life of the people. Almost every one uses the service it oners, and every hour gained in the transmission of the great commercial mails has an actual and possible value thut only those engaged in trade can understand. CONSTRUCTING NEW WAR VESSELS. In general, satiHfactory progress has been made in the construction of the now ships of war authorized by Congress. The first vessel of the new navy,'the trial Dolphin, and was to subjected much to very severe tests very adverse able state criticism. that cruise But it around is gratifying the world, to b. to a from which Hbe has recently returned, has demonstrated that she is a first-class vessel of ’ The report of the Secretary shows that while the effective force of the navy is raje idly increasing, by reason of the improved the build aiul armament of the new ships, number of our ships fit for sea duty grows very slowly. IVe had, on the 4tb of March lust, thirty-seven serviceable ships, and though four have since 1 .eon added to the list, the total has not been increased, because in the meantime four have Is on lost or eon demited. Twenty-six additional vessels have been authorized that and appropriated completed for, but, it is probable when increased they are our list will only be to forty-two, a gain of five. The old wooden ship* are disappearing adde.1. almost These as facts fast a-= the their new ve* sets are carry own argument. One of tho new ships may, in fighting strength, be equal to two of the old, but it cannot do the cruising duty of two. It is important, therefore, that we should have a more rapid Increase lu the number of scr viceabie stiip*. I concur in the recommenda tion of the Secretary that the construction of eight armored ships, three gunboats and five torjiedo boats be authorized. INDIAN AFFAIRS. The report of the Secretary of the Interior exhibit* tbe transaction* of the government with the Indian tribe*. Substantial progress has been made in the education of tho chil dren ol schixil age and in the allotment of lamis to adult Indians. It i* to be regretted that the polh:y of breaking up the tribal re lation and of dealing with the Indian as an individua) did not apj>ear earlier iu our leg* islation, large l'eservation*, held in corn tnon. and the maintenance of the authority of individual the chiefs ami headmen have deprived the exercise tIi" of eveiT incentive to of thrift, and the annuity has contributed a:i affirmative pauperiim. impulse toward a -late of con firmed Our treaty stipulation? should b. observed highly with fidelity, considerate and of our the legislation l>es;t interests should of lie an ignorant and helpless people. Tlie renerv* tions settlements. are now geiieralfysiirrounderl We by push white the can no longer Indian back into the wilderness, and it re, mains only, by everv suitable agency, to push him upward into the estate of a self supporting and responsible citizen. For the adult, the first step is to locate him upon a farm, and for the child, ’ to pla/:e 1 him in a _. ho ,, CLAIMS OF SETTLERS. In the administration of the land laws the policy of facilitating, in every claims proper wa indi- y, the adjustment of the honest of vidual settlers The upon the public of pending lands ha* been pursued. number cases had, during the preceding administration, been greatly increased under the operation ol orders for a time susjsending final action m a large r*rt of tbe ca** originating the in the West and Northwest, and by subsequent use of unusual methods of examinatton. Only those who are iamiliar with tne con diuorw under which our agricultural the lands have been settled can appreciate senous and often the fatal consequences to the settler of a policy that puts Bis fftTo under suspicion, or delays the issuance of his patent. While care is taken to prevent and to expose fraud, it should not be imputed without reason, The manifest purposeof the Homestead and Pre-emption ment of the public laws was domain to promote by the having settle bom: tide persons a intent to make a home U|khi the selected lands. Where this intent is well or tablished and the requirements of the law have been substantially complied with, the claimant is entitled to a prompt aiul friendly consideration of his ease. But where there is reason to believe that the claimant is the mere ageut of another, who is seek ixxg to evade a law intended to promote small holdings, aud to secure by fraudu'.-nt methods large tracts of timber and other lands both principal and agent should not only be thwarted m their fraudulent pur pose, but should be made to feel the full penalties of our criminal st atutes. The laws should be so administered as not to confound those two classes, and to visit penalties only upon the latter. THE rKXSIOX SYSTFAT. The law now provides a pension for ever j tidier and sailor who was mustered into the service ol the United States during th> ,-ivil war mid is innv suffering from wounds ul . disease ha\iug mi origin in the service and in tho line of duty. Two of the three necessary usually facts, viz., muster and disability, are susceptible of easy proof; but. tho third, origin in the service, is often difficult, at ,d in many That deserving cases impossible to establish. very many ot t hose whoen dured the hardships of our most bloody and arduous campaigns are now disabled from diseases that had a real but not traceable origin in the service 1 do not doubt, Besides these there is another class eom , figment M0 f m e n many of whom served an en of three full years, and of re-enlisted veterans who added a fourth year of service, w lio escaped the casualities of battle and the assau [ts of disease, who were always battle ready for any detail, who were in every mustered lino in of their command and were out sound health, and have since the close ot the war. while fighting with the same mdom.ta hie and independent spirit the disease contests of civil life, been overcome by or cas ualty. I not that the roll ,, al- . am unaware pension reudy involves a very large annual expend! ture, neither am 1 deterred by that ract from recommending t hat Congress grant n pension to such honorably discharged soldiers an .1 sailors of the civil war as having rendered substantial service during the war are now dependent upon their own labor for a main teuance andliy disease or casualty are mra pacitated from earning it. Many of tho mon who would ho included ill this form of relief are now dependent upon puffiic aid, and it ^ "“^Inln^lv'hl'ptm^^ins1^‘ -ovision of !< upon the special and K-onius iin ‘i,,!i MvV’lidllTsd'a^rotnfu" 4rVniR in>< lass or tneir o* n W y ^risl - ro1 ■ 'I here are some manifest inequalities in the existing law that should ho remedied. To some of these the (Secretary of the Interior has called attention. PROTECTION FOR RAILROAD MEN. The attention of the Interstate < 'otnmoree Commission has been called to the urgent need of Congressional legislation for the bel ter protection of the lives and limbs of those engaged in operating the great interstate freight lines of tlie country, and especially petition of the yardmen and prakemeii. thousand A railway signed by nearly ten commission, brakemen was presented alight to tho taken to bring asking that steps be about the use of automatic brakes ami coup lers on freight cars. During the year ending on June -*0, 18bH, over two thousand railroad '-m ployes were killed in service and more than twenty thousand injured. It is cmri|H-tem. • think, for Congressi m require ui.normity m the construction of cars n id it ioUfr-.UM commerce, und the use of unmoved .... y appliances upou such trains. ’ "' u make the need, d changes, . but , necessary to an earnest and intelligent, beginning sh > i be marie at once. It is a reproach > civilization that any class of AinerKnn workmen should, in the pursuit of n nec.-s h&ry aI)(1 USP |,d vocation, be subjected to sol- a vj ))f |j f „ aIJ<1 fimh as great as tlm of a iu Urll( . „ f w . ar . THE DEPARTMENT OF AURIOULTUR! . The creation of a;i executive department, Agricul to be known as the Department of ture, by the act, of February 9 last, was Inch a wise and timely r.-spon resp.s'tfuJIy • t > u urged i quo .1 l.y u t he ho.1 long been rarmers of tne country, out niucn i •.. 1:011.1 to be done to wlwit tho \ * [ ' department so that it mayfa.ily ■ -d ■- I expectations which its creation e - t this.connectionattention is cal el gestion* eonUined in the report of the be retary, which is herewith submitted, THE world a fair. The proposition to observe the 40fit.li an niversary of the discovery of America by tbe opening of a world’s fuir or exposition in TOIue 0 f our great cities will buprescnl I for tho oousldoration of Congrew. The value an d interest of such an exposition may well r q a i, n the promotion of the General Govern ment. THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION. Tbe purpose of the Civil Service law wa , absolutely to exclude any other consideration ui connection with appointment* under it than tiiat of merit a* tested by the examina* tion*. The busmen* pro" -ed-, noon toe t.n. ory that both the examining boards and the :ip pointing officers are abvduti-’y ignorant as to tbe political views an«l .ssocnitiona of all p"r */ms on the civil service lists It is no too much to nay, however, that some recent ( o.i gre-sional inveKtigation- have none wl.at shaken public confidence in the impartiality of the swh-ctions for appointment, The safe reform of the civil service will make no or satisfactory advance ur t the present la wand its equal the ndmmd ratio . are well established in con. ' - ’ jekiple. It wfil be my pteaiure, a* it l* mv »ee that the law i» -x.c. . - • firninesn ami irnr^artia i • have ts-eo Utv. , provisions Ly appealing officers, our i e-e,,m,.mt 1 ^' u . -mad ■ ■ not sugg-st the rejatal of t he a a but. ef* rm in its asommistration. > *- --‘ou '. view of the matter and hold it with a sm verity that i* not affer > d >_ -n a turn that the party V, which we t»:ong. > for Gme in power. The duty of appointment lx devolved , , . by the Constitution or by the law. and the a;e pointing officers are projs-riy held to a high responsibility in its exercise. The growth of the country and the consequent in'Tease of the civil list have magnified this function of the executive disproportionally. It ' an not be denied, however, that the labor con nectod Wlth this D< sary work is increased. (){teri thf; „ f „ ml diittreh», by tin al dden and extu vo deniands 11 t art Ioade u , an iacota i nz administration for r(nK|Va u aIul appointinmit- riot But, on th< fjtber it h, true that incumlemcy i> a „ mc!Mlve argument for a contin ^ Imiiartiality, moderation, fidelity tin u duty 3 acd a good attainment in discharge is of complete. it must be When added those l>etore the argument administrative offices eoiuluet holding so themselves ?\s to convince jusi political opponents that no parly consideration or bias uiVocts in any way the discharge of their public duties, we can more easily stay the demand for re movals. i am satisfied that both in and out of the classified service great benefit would accrue from the adopt ion of some system by which tho officer would receive tho distinction and that, in nh private employments oonn's from exceptional I'aiMifulmws and efli cioucy hitve in tho lK'iTormanra of dutv. l suggested to the heads ol the execu five departments that. they consider'whether areourd might. not ho kept, in one a bureai? of all those elements that are covered by the terms “faithfulness** and “efUeieucy,” ami a rating the made showing the rehltivo merits of clerks of each class, this rating to be re garded as a ted of merit in making " promo- 1 V,’ 1 have also , suggested . , to . the ,, I ostmaster- . General that he ndoj)t some plan by which ho can, upon the basis of the reports to tho department and of frequent inspections, in dieatetha relative merit of iw.tina.Nler* e-ich tiiiiinss class Thev will lie atiuropri-tlclv ? ’ I ii.iu ly urn. iudi eated in the otlieial .c • i register and m the re port of theilopurtiuent. 1 hat a great stinv ulus would thus be given to the whole ser vice 1 do not doubt, and such a record would bo the best defense against inconsiderate re inovals from office. THE EDUCATION OK OUlt PEOPLE. National aid to education has heretofore taken . , tho torm ot .vi land i grants, . aiul , in . that , form the constitutional power ot ('ongross to promote the education of the people is not seriously questioned. I do not think it can be success!ully questioned when the form is changed In that of a direct grant of money J from the public! should treasury. be, it always lias Such aid as been, suggested by some exceptional conditions. Tho sudden emancipation of the slaves of the South the bestowal of the sufiVa^e, which hoi iti followed, and the impairment, of tl.,» ability of the .States where flies,, new provide citizens <*duciitioiiaI were chiefly facilities, found to presented adequately not only That exceptional situation but has unexampled conditions. the been much amelio* rated then' is States no doubt Imppil.v 'the ability and iu terest of the have increased. But m j»reiit work remains to be done, and i think the general government should lend its aid. As the education suggestion of u national grant in aid of grows chiefly out of the condition and needs of tho emanci pated Gave and his descendants, the relief should, as far as possible, while necessarily proceeding upon some that suggested general lines, it. It fie is ap plied to t he need es sential, if much good is to be accomplished, that the sympathy and active interest of t he people of the States should be enlisted, and that the methods adopted should bo hhcU as to stimulate and not to supplant local taxa tion for school purposes. As one Congress cannot bind a succeeding one in such a ease, and as the effort must, in . . . . be ho limit.-il in iiiiiiinilamount, nml iik to the time over wltieli it. in to extern! an will, on ties opporiun i ty'to make Hie u’-t"’ ..““/."l.e tii-Ht. ynai-’h allowance, ami on the other de liver them from the tc"iptat|o,. to miduly postpone the. wwimption of the uholebur THE COLORED IT.OI’l.lt. The colored people did not intrude them. selves upon us; they were brought herein chains ami held in the communities where they are now chiefly found, by a cruel slave code. Happily for both races they are now free. They have, from a stand--pointof ig norance and poverty, which was our shame, ^“1,1 They have, as a people, faithful shown themselves to be friendly and toward the while race, under temptations of tremendous strength. They have their representatives in the national cemeteries where a grat'e ful government has gathered tho ashes of those who died ill its defense. They merits'vriiic-lt'^llave^won *£lgh , ....... ....... U tbeir commanding officers for courage mid soldierly qualities, and for fidelity to theca list incu t oat.li. In communities, civil life they making are now their tho toilers of their full contribution to the widening streams of prosperity which those communities are r— reiving. Their sudden withdrawal would ■top production and bring disorder into the household as well as the shop. Generally they their do not desire to quit their homes, and employers resent the interference of the emigration agents who seek to stimulate such a desire. Hut, notwithstanding all this, in many parts of our country where the colored popu mwi‘mX«v«i f ot* "effective rights any exercise of their political The and dees many of their civil rights. wrong vfliese not exp nd itself upoil those vote, nro suppressed. Every oonntitueuoy iu the Union is wronged. It has been the hope of every patriot that a sense of justice and of respect for tho law would work a gradual cura of these that flagrant evils. Httrely, no </tie supposes the pres ent can be accepted as a permanent condi tl'/fl. Jf it is said that the»</ communities must work out the problem whether for themselves, we have a right to ax): they are at »»o-k upon it. Du they suggest, any solution? When and under what conditions is the lilac#, man to have a free ballot? Wiv-n whmhh^o wloTg’l^nTu which te law?* X» form is that equality of influence our of government was intended to secur. to the electors to be restored? Tlus generation should courageously face these grave quete tions, and not leave them as a heritage of w<a/ to the next. The oonsulation should proceed with candor, calmuesx and great patience; upon the llues of justice and hu u[s,n the firm base of justice ami of the law. 1 earn stly invoke the attention >,t (Jon gross to the consideration of su-h measures within its well-defined constitutional powers as will sc--are toall our j*e//nly a free cx<'reise of the right of saffrag# ana every other civil right under the Constitution airl laws of the United Htate*. No evil, however deplorable, can lustily the assumption, either on too part of the Executive or of Uongres-, of powers not granted; but both will be highly niamable if firmly all the lowers granted are the?w not. wisefeiy but u.' ! xl to ♦jvhjj. ihe r>(jvv':r t/j vis.a tii a who lb direction ana control of the el“ctio:i of tnernber.-i of the Houi>e of lb*pre»R*ntativei is clearly given m the .^1"^ A oarMHl and qualift^l nufr.Mi'mor tn«-w» elections U no-.v provided for t,v law. and in my opinion this law may be so strengthened arxd extended as to secure, on the whole, tiet ter results than can lie attain" ! by a law tak ing ail the processes of such election into Federal control. The colored man should Ivi protected in all his relations, to the Federal Vftnnn ent. whether as litizant. r »r or wit -fie? in our courts, as an I ef >r for mem hern of Coogrea or as it o -a/ yful traveler u p'jn our interstate railwa A Fl'lif. EIATION5 rORCft SfAfL KKVfCk,. i more jast y riu? g to the cat i 4t; a fid nothing more ht “* ferity than th« lnf»rriori our lutT c. isat msr & compared with of other is&uoom eral re*ource#. wealth or.fi wa eoaet iloet do uot i uggest any reason fur their eapr..-mscy on NO. 10. the sea. It was not always so. and our people be are agreed. I think, that it shall not continue to so. It is not possibV in this communication to discuss tlie ctuisea of the decay of our shipping intercut* or the differing methods by which it is proposed to restore them. I recommend that such appropriations be made for o -e.in mail service, iu American steamships, be tween our porta ami those of Central and South America. <’him», .Japan and the important islands in. both ol the great oceaua. as will be liberally re munerative for the service rendered, and »« will eu courage the ostablishmenD and in some fair degretj equalize the chances of American steamship lines lu the competitions which they mast meet. That the American states lying soutn of us will cordially co-operate in establishing and maintaining sucit ,,c ^auishtps to their principal port, I do not w„Vhould also make provision for . naval rc gerve to consist ol such merchant ships, of Anieri* ami «an construction and of a epecifloil lomiago speed, ssthe owners will consent 10 place at iho use of the government, in case of need, ns arm<‘d cruift <’•’»*. hugland bus adopted this policy, aud a* a ro suit ran.mm. upon mre„lty. .tome pb.ee upon her naval list some of the taatest HleamshlpH in tho world. A proper supervision of the conat.ructlon of Mlr h would make Mioir conversion intoof feetivo *hip« advocate of wiu- very easy, national 1 am an of economy in our ex penditures. d**mbc but it policy is a misuse wIMiImwIh of term* to make espendt- this word a that an biru for t he purpose of extending our foreign r.om lnPn .c. The enlargement anil Improveinem. ol our merchant, marine, tin* develooinont of a wulflclent body rapid of trained American communication Hcnm.cn, tho promotion of and regular mail between iho poitn of other countries and our own. and the adaptation of large and nwift Amarlcmi merchant *t4mtnahipstotiavulu8cA.iu tlmcot war, are piio lie purpose* of the highest concern. Tho enlarged part icipation of our people iu the carrying trade, t he non and increased markets that will'bo opened for the products of our forma and lm^orieM and t.ho fuller and better employment liberal of oar mechanies, which will result irom a pro* motion po**ible ot dlffuuion ouv foreign heiu rot.nnrm*. uM insure the Siui.es thn svidvst mid to m iit lo all our people. Kverythlnc l" nvsi prepitious for f >»‘ pre-.-nt lii.nig.i,mi.... of aIH. -.kI an.l p... ........ pulley It with upon promptnos** this nuhicct, und docinlon. im « we wlioalu elitei' upon The loyislution which 1 liuve Mu^i'ested. it. 1* hIu eerely believed, will promote tin* pence nnd honor of our country and the iirospcrify und security of Ilia people. 1 Invoke the diii /enl and seriou* iittimtiou uf t'cugn-" "> tlie conel.l. r/itioii ot tliime and Hiieh oth-r "u-awr^ an m», ho |>»-«U«1. having tha iulm 1 1 1 " 11 “ llKNJ AMIN II ARK! SOX. Executive Mansion, WiiHltiuxteu, l.'J. WHS). GENERAL NEWS. CONDENSATION OF CURIOUS , AND EXCITING EVENTS. KKWH I ROM r.VF.KYWIlRBB—ACCIDENTS, Sl'ttlEKi, I III KM, AND II A 1‘1’KNlNOH OV INT11JIKMF* American Dorn Pedro in opposed to the proposed zolvercign. It is officially denied thut Franco has any intention to withdraw from tho Latin union. The Pull man Gar works, ut Pullman, >»•. »'»•«*'»».»«» im Wednesday night, A heavy northeast gale, accompanied prevailed » »>ll*Mlin K snow storm, l.as oil Hake Ontario lor two days, Tho total amount of insurance Involved , n TllBIlkH ivi )iro in Boston ofli reported to date it-12,340,000. Mr. Gladstone made a speech at Man Chester, England, Tuesday, in which he predicted success for tlie Liberals in the . . 'iho Turkish government has in structcd its delegates ill tho African r"T ................. . in >“•’ lr “ , m >“ Circassian women, On Tuesday, in the menagerie attached to Ilarrtutu’s circus, iu Loudon, tho larg est elephant belonging to tho show be came enraged uud killed his keeper, Tho general executive committee of the world’, fair at New York he-1 . meeting Thursday and ai. opted u Dill which is to bo presented to congress, The benefit tendered to Mrs. Parnell by Comodmn W. J. Bcanlau, took place Thursday afternoon at tlie Star theatre, N ew York. Eight n hundred and seventy - seven dollars was realized. Tho national wool growers’ meeting organized Tuesday, electing Columbus Delano, of Ohio, president; G. If. Wal lace, president of Missouri Wool Grow eis’ association, secretary. Vienna is snowed up. Provision, are from fifteen to twenty-five per cent, dearer on account of impeded comtnuni cations. l'ostul service is done on sleighs. Robbers are active in tho eouu try Uljlrscls. .. A dispatch from Pittsburg, Pa., says: Homer L. McGuw has made k statement regarding his exj/ulsiou from the Knights of Labor, in which he charge. Litchiuan and 1'owderly with crooked ness. The editor of the Waterford, Ireland, JVeiPshaB been sentenced to two mouth.’ imprisonment for printing in his paper opinion, contrary to is the called view, iutimida- of tho government, which tion. On account of an open switch _ . , an ex press train on tlie Pennsylvania railroad was wrecked near Green.burg, Pa., Wednesday. The express run into a ''.in. I1..U...„.recked and a dozen passengers were injured. Three dead bodies, two of them men, floating „ ., in „ on " , 1 f c raft r „ f , the ,i.„ other that of a woman fioating near the ratt with a life preserver mound her, were found near Delaware Breakwater Tuesday. Tbe ,,,., ltra | opinion is that they came from the Old Dominion steamship . . Manhattan, «. . ,, _ sunk in collision recently, The Chicago Time* says that Maggie Schrifin^r, who ^ j>oiirc J kiroscno oil ^ - $ on her husband on June 25, 1888, and then jj re burning him fatally, i® siting n the order of Foresters for |2,000 interest and . principle, on a death 1 i benefit of $1,000. which she claims as ben ( ficiary of the dead man's estate, THE OWNERS BLAMED. THE CASE OF THE TRIBUNE DEATH TRAP DECIDED. At Minneapolis, Minn., bodies tlie coroner’s i nr y in the iiojuest on the of the victims of the Tribune building fire ren dertd their verdict Thursday, which de clares that the owners of the Tribune building, if not legally responsible, are morally culpable, lor the loss ol life.