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PAGE C. THE FUTURE CITIZEN. The Future Citizen A PAPER WITH A PURP08E.” r QUESTION BOX J Printed by The r eformatory Boya Doing the Beet They Can. Published Promptly as Often aa Feasible An echo of the State’s effort to give Answers to last week's Questions. (i) Will you please give in your question box the correct use of “ will” and “shall,” with the every boy a chance in life. Published Every Saturday Afterneon. GEORGIA STATE REFORMATORY JOSEPH E. LOVVORN Superintendent. Entered at the Milledgevllle, Georgia, Post Office as Mail Matter of the Second Class. SUBSCRIPTION: $1.00 IN ADVANCE HERBERT Q* O’STEEN—Compositor CECIL A. HUTTON Compositor THETIS F. FISHER Apprentice Saturday, June 24, 1916 WHO MADE (he MAP WHITE Have you seen the map of the U. S. A.? It is getting whiter every day, And now you can travel from shore to shore On land where liquor is sold no more. Who made this fight from sea to sea, That our glorious land shall be made free Frem the cause that’s been our lasting shaem? Come,where did it all, and what’s his name? Was it the statesman wise or soldier brave Who Made this fight our sons to save? Was it preacher, or teacher or crank ’long hair’? Who,ve whitened the map of our land so fair? They have helped, of course, but who kept up the light That tne map of our country should be all white? And the youth of our land should be kept free From tne curse which threatens their liberty? It was a noble band of womanhood, Standing for all that’s right and good, ’Twas they who drove the entering wedge With their little white ribbon and temperance pledge. Ah! Yes! when all is said and done, And the battle fought and the victory won If von wish to give credit where credit is due, Just take off your hat to the W. C. T. U. principle, and illustrate the use of each. (i) The Future Citizen had this perplexing question some years ago and tried to make it plain as pos sible in a brief answer. As the last word in the correct use of Eng* lish we reproduce in full an author* itative treatise on “shall” and “will,” by Etnma M. Bolenius in McCalls Magazine. The correct use of shall and will has been a puzzling matter to very many people. It is one of the nicer distinctions that it is well for every one to recognize and thus prevent the awkward circumstance of say ing the opposite of what is intend ed. For instance, let us suppose that a man hurls himself from a restrain ing group of friends down into the raging river, with the cry : “I will drown ! Nobody shall save me!” Would it have revealed to you the same thought, if he had screamed from the water below: “I shall drown! Nobody will save me!” What is the difference between these two exclamations? The auxiliaries shall and will are used in what we term the future tense, and, as is customary, they are applied to the three persons, in both singular and plural, that is. to (i) I and we, (a) you, and (3) he. she, it, and they. The two big ideas that these words express are what we call futurity or expectation, „nnd what we call volition, running through the different grades, from desire, willingness and wish, to determin- ation, promise, and even threat. The forms that express the first big idea—futurity or expectation—are .is follows : I shall (laugh, sing, run—any- thing.) You will He, she, it will We shall You will They will Notice how easily you can sub stitute for the auxiliaries here given the phruses“um going to,’* and “is going to,” and keep that substitution in mind as your test of the auxiliary to be used for fut urity. To say, then, “I don’t be- •lieve I will reach there in time,” is using the wrong auxiliary to bring put the meaning of “am go ing to,” The sentence should be “I don't believe I shallJ[am going to) reach there in timtt|V The first conftuKUKjg thing in the use of these aitiifepfl is the pro- nouns I and We lili one auxiliary, and the prontigbd* you, he, she, it, and they, taki an entire different one to express the saire thought. Now, for volitiou in its various phases these auxiliaries are simply turned around, as the following table shows: Desire, wish, willingness, de termination, promise, threat: I will (laugh, run, sing, do— anything.) You shall He, she, it shall We will You shall They shall In volition the speaker either makes up his own mind ("L will play for you”—I promise to play) or impresses his mind or will upon others (“He shall tie here at the hour you mention—I’ll see to that”) If a woman is standing on a tott ering stepladder, which is the coi- rect expression for her to use—“I am afraid I will fall”, or “I am afraid I shall fall ?” If she means, “I am afraid I shall fall ” “l will fall” would mean that she has de termined to fall—an absurd ass umption. A young man exclaims on the eve of his examination: “I will probably fail, fori have not been present at all the lectures!" Does lie say what he really meuns? In reality he says that he has made up his mind to fail (“I will" express ing volition), where** what he pro bably meant was that there wee a likelihood of his fa^tlf—in ether words, that he waa going to fail. Therefore,•* 1 thalf tecrbably fail" is the correct version^ You will not go-#l object!” is a blundering statement for what should be, “You shall not go—I object." When the speaker’s will influences the person spoken to, we (Continued on page 7 column 2.) *«w If Th« Tim* For All Good Moo to Come to The Aid of The Future Citizen -A Hint., lit*