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OR, TOTAL ABSTINENCE ADVOCATE. VOL. I.] THE WASHINGTONIAN. PUBLISHED BY JAMES McCAFFERTY, TWICE EVERY MONTH. Office on Macintosh street—opposite the Post Office . TERMS. Per a single copy, for one year, One Dollar; for six I Copies, to one address, Fire Dollars ; for ten copies, to f one address, Eight Dollars—and so in proportion. (Xp Payment in all cases to lie made in advance. lgj~ Ali communications by mail, must be rose r.uo, to receive attention. I. of Agents for the Washingtonian. The following gentlemen are respectfully re sjuefted and fully authorised by us, to act as agents for the Washingtonian, in extending its circulation : CitrkivUU— \ P r - w - !■ Rusk > ( Lewis Levy. Dalehnrga— o. B. Leitucr.' Covingioo—C. l'ace. Decafui—L. Willard. Jllhtnt —E L. Newton. | Marietta —James V. Cooper, s tXamAuj—H. Boyd. Sander sri tie —A. G. Ware. ,i:> Social Circle —J. L. Gresham. M Lincolnian —Henry J. Lang. K *Cratefordville —Itev. John W. Wilson. | Ptarrenton —F.liphalet Hale. j |: CstrMlt's-ltev. 0. ollius. K Sparta —N. C. Sayre. H McDonough —lVa. L. Gordon. ■ CattviUe— Rev. Mr. Howard. B Rockbridge—Jo ha W. F owler. R OU Church P 0.-J A Bell. I Hamburg, (S. C.)-C. H. Lindsey, P.M B Harwell C. 11. (S C.)—o. D. Allen. ■ Rock Mills, (S. C)—W. A. Lewis. * Richlands. (AT. C.) —Bryan H. Koonc 0 . Tuskegce, (Jlla.) —Rev. G. P. Sparks. Richmond County Washington Total Ab stinence Society. OFFICERS. Dr- Joseph A. Eve, President. Col. John MiLledge, ) Hawkins Burr, Dr. F. M. Robertson. J. Vice Presidents. Dr. i. P. Garvin, J. W. Meredith, I MANAGERS. James Harper, Wm. F. Pemberton, John G. Dunlap, Wm. O. Evk, Jesse Walton, A. Phillips, K. E. ScoFtKLO, Dr. Benjamin Douglass, i I James Godby, J. L. Mimms. Popular Error Exposed. alcohol. " There’s Alcohol in Wheat, and Rye, and j | Potatoes, in Sugar, and all we eat.” — Common j l ’ Talk. | One of the popular errors current throughout | the country, and one which is not at ail confined to the vulgar, is, that alcohol is contained in su gar, wheat, potatoes, bread, and in almost every thing we eat and drink, and hence, some very conscientious people refuse to sign the pledge for fear that they should break it by eating bread and molasses, or any other wholesome food, trom which alcohol may be obtained. It is our present purpose, briefly to examine and expose this fal lacious error. We will first notice the prevailing opinion that a there must lie alcohol in sugar, (for example,) or || it could not be obtained from it. The great variety of vegetable and mineral substances, is less owing to a difference of matter or elements in their composition, and in a differ- R cnee in the proportions of the same elements ; for | instance, the air we breathe is composed of oxy- j |, gen and nitrogen, and so is aqua fortis; the at-1 I tnosphere being composed of ill parts in 190, of I oxygen, and 79 of nitrogen, and aqua fortis of 1 I of nitrogen to <> of oxygen; but because they arc com|iosed of the same elements, would any sane man suppose that we breathed aqua fortis, or that it was contained within the atmosphere! Cer taily not. Alcohol is obtained from the sugar or sweet principle, which exists in ail the grains and fruits which vield the poisonous spirit; but suoar has no alcohol in it, although it is composed of the same elements, no more than the air contains aqua fortis. Sugar is composed of oxygen, car bon, and hydrogen, in equal proportions. Alco hol is composed of the same elements, but in different proportions—(3 parts hydrogen, 2of carbon, and lof oxygen.) So long as these ele ments remain combined in equal proportions, so lone will you have sugar and nothing else; and to produce alcohol, this combination must be bro ken up, and a new one formed. Alcohol is the product of fermentation, which is one of the first results of the partial decomposi tion of vegetable matter. The conditions which are required for establishing the vinous fermen tation, which alone produces alcohol, are tour in number, viz: The presence of sugar, water, AUGUSTA, GA. SATURD yeast, or some ferment and a certain temperature, so that sugar alone is not sufficient to the pro duction of alcohol. Fermentation destroys the sugar entirely, and the elements immediately form two new compounds; one is carbonic acid gas, and the other alcohol. The whole of the hydrogen, two parts of carbon, and one of oxygen, united, form alcohol. One part of carbon and two of oxygen, combine and form carbonic acid gas, which rises to the surface. To obtain the alcohol thus produced, in an ab solute condition, it is necessary to subject it to some mechanical agency—as distillation ; by which it is merely separated from the water, co loring matter, &c. But. perhaps the reader is prepared to ask— “As dough ferments , is there no alcohol in bread 1” There are at least four kinds of fermentation: the Vinous, the Acetous, the Putrefactive, and the Panary. The Vinous is the only one that produces inebriating drinks; by the Acetous, Vinegar is produced; the Putrefactive takes place in the decomposition of bodies, and of course alcohol is not the result. The Panary fermentation occurs in the manu facture of bread. Some scientific men assert that this process is nothing more than the Vinous fermentation, others that it is the Acetous. In consequence of there being a small portion of spirit in tlie brewer’s yeast, or from some other cause, a weak kind of alcohol has been detected I in the oven of the baker. Some time ago a spec- i ulation was set on foot in London, (so says Dr. Parson’s Anti-Bacchus,) for the purpose of con densing and collecting the spirit, but upwards of 20,0001. have been squandered upon this scheme without any adequate return, and we believe the project is now abandoned. If the Panary fermentation is the same as the Vinous, still it is impossible that any spirit should remain in the bread after it is baked; because alcohol is given off at a heat of 170 degrees; and as the baker’s oven must be much hotter than this, whatever quantum of spirit may be in the dough, must be evolved during the process of baking. If Panary fermentation really produce alcohol, still none of it would remain in the bread alter it came from the oven, because the whole must have been extracted by the heat necessary to bake the loaves. Consequently, those advocates for strong drink, who tell us there is spirit in bread, display the grossest ignorance concerning distillation, and the heat at which alcohol is obtained. [Columbia Washingtonian. Great Undertaking of Mr. Delavau. This distinguished gentleman, who has devot ed, wc may say, his life to the cause of temper ance, is now encaged in an enterprise which in its character and results bids fair to surpass any to which he has put his hand, and which we are sure will be rewarded by the thanks and praises of his fellow-citizens, and what is more, by the secured temperance of the rising generation ofthe empire State. It is an effort to place a hound vol ume of Dr. Sewall’s Essay ontue 1 Pathology of Drunkendness,’ witli the colored drawings of the human stomach through ali the successive stages ot disease induced by intoxicating liquors until death by delirium tremens, in every school dis trict library in the State, (of which there are over 10,000,)so that each one ofthe GOO,OOO children in the district schools, as well as the families to which they areattatched, may see at one glance the legitimate effect of intoxicating drinks upon the delicate organs ofthe human stomach. The plan has been submitted to the committee on com mon schools, and to many members of the Legis lature, and unanimously approved. lie is also desirous of furnishing a set of eight colossal draw ings, framed separately, and to be hung up in as many of the colleges, academies, lyceums, court houses, jails, poor-houses, penitentiaries, steam boats, railroad depots, and places of public resort, as means can be iound to supply. He is encour- 1 aged to make this effort, by the universal approba tion ofall those with whom he has advised. It is supposed that no effort could be now made better calculated to establish the principle of temperance upon the minds ofthe rising generation, and in duce a general abandonment of intoxicating li quors as a beverage, than the exhibition of those large and small colored drawings to the view of the community generally, and in the,manner proposed. As it will require many thousand dollars to accomplish the object, he hopes for as sistance from gentlemen who are friendly to it; and for this purpose he has issued acircular, with numerous testimonials to the importance of the object, too numerous for insertion in the Journal. The public authorities have ordered a set of the framed drawings to be hung up in the Court House, the Capital, and State Building at Albany and Mr. Delavan has forwarded eight sets to be hungup in the City Ilall. University, Medical AY, DECEMBER 17, 1842. College, Hospital, and other public buildings m this city. Should there be individuals who may wish to supply districts with the large or small drawings, Mr. Oliver Scovil of Albany, or Rev. J. Marsh, of New-York, will receive and execute any orders with the money, on the following terms: The bound volume of the small plates, with Dr. Sewall’s Essay, and a copy ofthe Rev. Dr. Nott s Lecture on the Wines of Antiquity, and intended for common schools, $75 the one hund red copies. The eight Colossal Drawings, each on paste board and jiackcd in a neat ease $lO. The same, each drawing trained separately and varnished, ready for hanging up in public places, and packed securely, S2O each set. The same on canvass, each drawing separate, so as to roll up, and can be packed in a trunk. Price $10 —in this form, weight 3j pounds. All profits devoted to advance the temperance cause.— Jotl. Am. Temp. Union. From tbe Fountain. The Dram-Seller’s Soliloquy. My new plan of operations works Well 1 Two Washingtonians have already fallen beneath my hands, as my tap room now discloses ! It rejoices my heart to see their miserable return! Yes! what a source of consolation it is for me to know that my rum hath done the wo r k! Once more are they drawn from the bosom of their families, where Temperance had reinstated domestic hap piness, to my shop, to consume the bane of life, t hat they may be consumed / But what is that to me! my family must be supported, though it cost the lives of thousands! These temperance fa natics shall not rule, so long as I can make a cent by selling rum, or add a farthing to tny wealth! My snccs and sarcasms have had the best effect to relieve my failing busines, and bring back my old customers! But the work is slow and tedious, at the best, and must be managed with skill and tact, or my plans may yet be frustrated 1 'Tie hard for me to show so good a face, while so much malice rankles in my heart! But whv should I try to injure those who have never injured me! Why; they have left my shop, and my destroying drinks, that had proved to them so great a curse" And yet, I would not ruin them when I know the wrong is mine, were it not that I must have their money! ’Twould be a loss that ill becomes my avarice, if, with their earnings they did sup ply their family wants, and thus secure enjoy ment to themselves! Oh! how one’s love of money will charje his thoughts and feelings! I could not sec my wife and children shivering from the cold, nor destitute of food, without a pang of sorrow for their sufferings! Yet, I can know, and see, that the wives and children of my custo mers feel the severest want of money, that I pock et without one thought of pity! My businesses like a heated iron, that seared the conscience am! dries up the fountains ofthe soul! (I hope there’s no one listening to here my true confessions.) But I must awake, and shake off these convic tions of my guilt, or they will persuade me to the course of duty! A glass of brandy sling will revive my drooping spirits, and steel mv heart anew. Here comes Brandy-face to get his dram. “ A glass of bitters, if you please, Mr. -, I feel confounded dry! (drinks.) I have just had a talk with one of these temperance fellows, who lives on cold water, and he’s been trying to make me sign the pledge, and quit your shop. But 1 told him I guess’d I knew whether liquor done me hurt or not, as long as I had used it.” I never thought you drinked enough to hurt a working man like yourself.—Some of these Washingtonians act as if they wished to deprive a man who works hard for a living, of a little com fort! If you was a man who didn’t know when he’d drinked enough, then it would be a different thing, and time you’d signed the pledge.” “ Yes, that’s what I told him, when I rr 0 t so I could’nt manage myself, then I’d let other folks manage for me, and that I was’nt going to be de prived of my liberty, that my fore-lather's fought and bled for, as long as 1 was’nt a slave.” You reasoned likeaman of sense, and show ed him that you was’nt such a fool as he took you for. If you do go looking rather shabby, it’s no sign you spend your money for rum. I say let a man dress according to his work.” “I guess I’ll take something more before I go; it s a pretty cold day, and a little does a man good such weather as this. I know when I’ve drinked enough, and whether it does me good, as well as any body can tell me.” “ "V ou never drink a great deal, not enough to do you any hurt. If I see you was making a \ beast of yourself, I would advise you to sign the > pledge, as soon as these Washington fellows that! make so much fuss about it.” (Exit Brandy face.) “ Poor fool! he thinks I was sincere in I what I said! But greatly was he deceived! I ] would not trust him for any thing but rum, as far ■ as I could swing a dog, after all my palaver, and protestations of friendship. I would keep the custom of these rum heads, therefore do I spend my breath and act a double part! My conquest yet is small, for only two have I yet been able to entrap; a number barely worth a boast, and which but poorly pays for my deception. But I will still go on in my nefarious work, and hope for better times to compensate my labor.” Cherry Bounce. Symptoms of Intemperance. Do you tind the desire of strung drink return ing daily, and at stated hours'? Unless you soon intend to travel all the length ofthe highway of intemperance, it is time to stop. Unless you in tend soon to resign your liberty forever, and coma under a despotism of the most cruel and deplora ble character, you must abandon the morning bitters, the noon tide stimulant and the evening bowl. 6 Do any of you drink in secret, because you are unwilling your friends or the world should know how much you drink? You might as well cut loose in a frail boat before a hurricane, as to expect safety. You are gone, gone irretrievably, if you do not stop. Are you accustomed to drink, when opportuni ties present, as much as you can bare without any public tokens of inebriation. You are an intem perate, man now, and unless you check the habit, you will become rapidly more anil more intemper ate, until concealment becomes impossible. Do your eyes, in an instance begin to trouble you by their weakness and inflammation? If you are iu the habit of drinking ardent spirits daily, yod ifecd not ask the physician what w the mat ter, nor enquire for eye water. Your redness of eyes is produced by intemperance; and total ab stinence, and that only, will cure them. It may be well for every man who drinks daily, to look in the mirror often, that he may see in his own face the signals of distress at half matt, which abused nature holds out one after another, and too often holds out in vain. Do any of you find a tremor of the hand co ming upon you, and sinking of spirits, and loss of appetite in the morning?. Nature is failing, and giving vou timely admiriftion of her distress. Do the pains of a diseased stomach, and blis tered tongue and lips, began to torment you?— You are far advanced in the work of self-destruc tion—a few more months will probably finish it. Do not be skeptical in relation to the foregoing remarks, for be assured they are drawn with the pencil ot by-gone experience, and such are the symptoms that open the flood-gates of dissipation —Good Samaritan. A Good Argument. Some of out citizens who have not yet signed the Pledge, although satisfied that total abstinent* Iron* all intoxicating drinks is the only true doctrine and practice of temperance, are still re markably and most unreasonably fearful, and sensitive at the thought of the possible notoriety that may be incurred by their publicly signing the same. * We happened to be conversing not long since upon this very point, with one of this respectable and highly influential class of our citizens—ono who has however “ broken the tee,”—is immersed in cold water to the lips, and is now an active and efficient Washingtonian tee-totaler. “ Before I signed the Pledge,” said he, «I had a great horror at the idea of having it publicly bandied about, that I had become a Washingti nian. I was sensible that occasionally,— now and then—on some great occasions, I took’a little too much, and I began to find, for I was not alone in those social indulgences, that the public knew as much about my habits, as I knew myself, and perhaps a little more. I saw that there was no neutral ground,—that every man in the commu nity, myself among the number, was becoming by the peculiar circumstances of the times, pub licly known as a drinker, just in proportion to his indulgence -and that drink, or not drink, a cer tain publicity would be the inevitable ’ conse quence. 1 therefore took the Pledge, and pub licly come out a tce-totaller, of the two conse quences choosing the lesser evil, prefering by ail odds, the publicity of not drinking at all, to the publicity of being in danger of drinking too much for the future, however moderate my drinking had been for the past.” This seemed to us a somewhat new, and very forcibly presented argument in favor of signing the Pledge; and we respectfully commend it to the careful attention of all those, who are still “ halting between two opinions” upon the subject. Worcester Waterfall• A Good Caution. A Druggist in Boston has lately bad some labels printed for his use, which reads as follows: RUM. PREPARES FOR EXTERNAL USE. *y accident any should be swallowed, ad minister an emetic immediately. [No. 14.