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YWE WMBimonAlTt Vol. I.] THE WASHI \LiTOBUiaN PUBLISHED BY JAMES McCAFFERTY, TWICE EVERY MJSTH. Office on Macintosh street—opposite the Post Office. tlms. For a single copy, foi one \ ear, One Dollar; for six copies, to one add revs. Five Doll irs ; for ten co|>ic», to one aldr* ss, Bight Dollars—and so in j roportion. (K7- Pavn •trill in all cases to lie male in .t.lvance. All com nttiucvtioni liy mail, must lie rosr said. to receive atlention. Illchmo.id County Washington Total Ab stinence Society. OFFICERS. Dr. Joseph A. Eve, President. Col. John Millkdue, '| Hawkins Huff, Dr. F. .Vt. R ibkrtsun. y Vice Presidents. Dr. 1. P. Gaiivin, J. W. .YIeRKDI I'H, I Wm. Haines, Jr. Secretary if- Treasurer. MANAGERS. James Harper, Wm. F. P-mberton, John G Dunlap, Wm O Eve, Jesse Wai.ton, A. Phillips, E. E. Scofield, Dr. Benjamin Douglass, James Goody, J. L. Mimms. PHRENOLOGY VerSUS INTEMPERANCE. A LECTUREOV TEMPER A NICE, Considered Physiologically ami Phrcnologically or the Laws oj Life and the principles of the human constitution , as developed by the sciences of Phrenology and Phy siology, if-c. i)-c. BY O. S. FOWLER, A. 11., PRACTICAL PUHKNOI.no ST. [Continued.] Do one’s perceptive powers, which give the various Kinds of memory and the ability to col lect and retain knowledge, g eatiy predominate over his reflectives, thougn he may be very apt as a scholar and talker, he will be superficial, lack thought, judgement and contrivances, and be in capable of ascending from facts to first piinciples. j and on t mother band, are the perccpiivcs small but reflectives predominant, lie wi I have a wretched memory, be unable to command his knowledge, or bring his talents to bear U|Mjn ' practical matters lie given to merely speculative, j scholastic, abstract theretbre-and-w.ierelbre, m-'t-1 aphysical theorizing, w.iich is valueless, and : though he may know how to reason, his knowl edge of facts will be too limited to furnish data; sutficicnt to firm correct inductions. But where j both arc equally balanced, the former collect a bundan' materials which the latter work up int.. correct arguments and sound conclusions. Both equally developed give a general talent, consti tute a well balanced and truly philosophical mind, give the true Baconian, inductive method of studying nature by ascending from facts up to first princip.es, the only possible means of arri ving at the truth. This developeinent not only is perfectly adapted to the laws of nature and harmonizes witn t ie constitution of the human mind, but dlso gives what is called sound com mon sense, correct judgement, and enlarged views of subjects, whilst its absence causes the intellectual lameness, the warped views, and the fallacious and diversified opinions existing among mankind. I'his principle applies gener ally to all the faculties. .Again: the want of action in any of theorg ins ! is unfavorable to virtue. Thus, is Amativeness j wanting, connubial love is absent, and this in centive to virtue dead. Is Combativeness small, the husband cannot defend his family, nor the, truth, nor any good cause, but quails before the; approach of every obstacle. Is Aliraentiveness denc.ent, our higher mental powers would be come enfeebled, and if Acquisitiveness is small, j as is often the case with the sons of rich pirents,; prodigality ensues, thus opening the door to j many vices which larger Acquisitiveness would I shutout. Inative Conscientiousness, or Ben-j evolenco, or Veneration, or reasoning power, each leaves a great mental hiatus, their exercise j being indispensab.e to virtue. We are thus prepared for the important infer ence that whatever tends to weaken or unduly excite either of these classes of faculties, espe cially the animal propensities, is thereby calcula ted to unhinge and derange the mini!, thus caus ing vice and misery. PTOPOS fION V. Alcohol powerfully stimulates and irritates the brain and nervous system. Apply it loan open wound, or bring it I in contact with an exposed nerve, and it burn- j like fire. Let it be applied ten million times to as many fresh wounds or exposed nerves, and TOTAL ABSTINENCE ADVOCATE. every application will bring painful rviderice ol t!ie truth of this proposition Let those win doubt it, try the esfieiiuieui. It burns the mouth, and hence the practice of taking water with grog anil water after g'og, tuquench the Arc it always kindles. 1 here is something in the very natures ol alcohol anil the nerves, liy which the Ihrmcr invauahly irritates tin* latter. No law of naturi is more clear or nniversa than that by which alcohol excites tile brain and nerves. As soon may one deny toe effects of gravity, • r question tile pheiumn na of optics oi chemistry, as uttenq t to controvert lois proposition As soon can hi “ carry coals ot lire in his bosom ami not lie burned,” as bring alcohol in contact with the brain or nerves without powerfully exciting them. Indeed, it is taken mostly on account ol its »tmiu lat ng qualit.es. PR .IPOSI I ION VI. —77ie excitin rpr per ties of alcohol a . e retained utter it is taken into the system. 1. I’his is abundantly evinced by toe stimulus or in ■ reused action which ii imparts to the mus ics, and ind ed to the wit Ic an mal econo ny. ’2. it passes uncliiiigcd into the lilooil, having the same irritating effect in the system that it has when applied externally. It has been extract'd fro.n the blood try chemical analys s, and fpund in tile watery secretions oi the brain of drunkards alter death, and that in such ahnn d nice as to send forth the alcoholic flame and smell. E C. Uelavan put the question, “Is alco hol digestible 1’ to tuny-of our eminent physi cians, and every r (My contained a full, un< quivo cal negative. Cases of spontaneous co.nbi stum, in wliie.r the bodies ol topers, in spite oftheir in combu tibil.ty, actually ignite and burn to death, inconlestililyestablish this point Again: this blood,'bus surcharged wi'li this powerful stimulant, this deadly p. ison. Is b,ought into direct contact with every part and particle ol the entire system, « ith every shred ol'every nerve, anil with every fibre ol'every muscle, the ramifica tions ot its vessels being inconceivably minute and numerous. “ I'lie blood thereof is” indeed “ the life thereof.” As is the state of the Mood, so is that oflhe system in general, and of the brain and mind in part.cu ar. The same is sub stantially true of the stomach. Its condition powerfully ass. cts that of the or eat sympatheti • nerve, which in its turn influences the entire system, especially the base of the brain. PUd >POS>| I'lON Vll.— About one seventh part of the blood is sent t the he'ad , which is sev eral hundred pen cent, more in proportion to its size, than it carried to any other portiun of the system. Tins is the universal testimony of all physiologists The reason is obvious, By a law of our nature, every action of every nerve and muscle, every exercise of brain and mind, causes a proiKirtioiiate expenditure of vital energy. The nlood being the great medium for re supplying this exhausted vital energy, is most abundant where the greatest rc supply is demanded. Hence, since the brain is the organ of the mind, since the irritating effect of alcohol is most powerful, almost as much so as fire or arsenic, since its exiting property is retained after it is taken into the Wood, and since s > much greater a proportion ol blood is sent to the head than to any other part of the sys tem, the e ects of alcohol upon the mind of man must he most powerful and tremendous, either for good or for evil. Still farther: however extraordinary man is as a merely physical being, it is his intellectual and moral <|uahties which constitute the chief ends of Ins existence. Ile was never made merely to eat and sleep, to breathe an l labor and die. He was created mainly to think and fed. to adore God and to study bis works. It is not his coat, nor yet his body, but it is bis intellectual and moral nature wtticlt constitutes the manhood of man. All else is not worth counting This is the man. This constitutes his identity anil personality. Could y m cut from him limb after limb, and one portion of his body after another, until the whole were cut away, ho would be the same man soil, provided his min l were left the same; hut let insanity derange til it mind, or let death sepa rate it from the body, and lie is not the same per son. We feel that his lifbl.-ss body is ..ot him set/. It is our minds, our moralcapabitties, our powers ofthought and feeling, which constitute our very essence substa..ce our personal! y and identity, flesh and blood being our dwelling only. Hence the exercise of mind is more fatiguing, inorepam ful, more pleasurable than that of the h dy. “ Voluptas Aniini major esl quam corporis.” If, therefore, the effect of alcohol is good at all, it must he very good, if bad, bad in the very high est jiossible degree, and had upon the very essence and soul, and centre ofthe man, because it storms the very citidcl of our nature. In two ways, therefore, first by the great a mount of blood sent to the head, and secondly bv its effects upon ne vous system in general, and the brain in particular, and especially upon the internal nerv.ms tract, do alcoholic liquors irritate and stimulate the brain, and thereby the mental AUGUSTA, G.\. SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1843 OR, faculties, for, as already shown to excite either is t.' excite the ol her. PROPOSITION VIII.— 7 his extraordinary condensation of stimulus as concentrated upon the b.ise of the brain, power/ully stimulating the merely >niMal propensities, whilst it weakens the moral and intellectual J'aculties. According to Phrenology, tne organs ol the animal propensi ties are local t d in the boss of the brain, close to t ic body which they serve, and whose wants they supply, so that the intercommunicated he iween the two is great.y facilitated bv their jux> lapositiim, the conditions of each ixerting a re ■iprucal influence upon the states of the other. But toe mo, al organs, the higher, religious and God-.ike sentiments, have their location in the upper portion in the head, as far removed as pos sible from loose influences which disturb the body, (a wise provision this,) whilst intelleitis located in the forehead. Again: the organs ofthc perceptive faculties, which acquire and retain knowledge, give the various kinds of memory, and bring man in con tai t with inaUc r and its physical properties, arc In rated around tho iyc, c.oseto tlie body again, woilst Lite organs of reason, the noblest gill ol i God to man, occupy the highest portion of the lorchead, being also far removed from the body, j Mark well the inference. Not only, ns already . shown, is there several hundred per cent, more ' of the exinlerution produced hv alcohol Carried to the head than to any other portion of tbe system, S hut this s.i.nulus hs concentrated upon the base of the brain, or upon the organs of the animal pro | pensilies, thereby goading to the highest degree , of inflamed and morbid action, the in rely animal nature of man, hut leaving his moral and reason | ing powers far in the rear Not only therefore, is this effect produced by J the juxtaposition of the animal organs and body, but so intimate are the nature anil relations ofj 1 each 1 1 the other, that to excite eitln r is to excite i the other— to inflame or stimulate the body is to ; stimulate those mental faculties which serve that body, i) imply, the animal passions. Again, hy n law of our nature, toover-tnx any organ draws the strength from the other portions, ami concentrates it upon the laboring part. Thus ati overloaded stomach draws the strength from the muscles, from the b ain, from every other part, to remove the load, rend, ring us drowsy, dull and averse to both mental and physical action. Close mental application, powerful thinking and in tense emotion impair the appetite, returd digestion, and induce dyspepsia, because they draw off the energies of tne system to the head. Now if this well established physiological principle applies to the several portions of the hrain, this p.odigious excitement oi tile animal passions actually weak ens the intellectual and moral organs, and that at the very time when, in order to keep pace with the over-stimulated animal propensities, thus lashed up to the highest pitch of action, they re quire to he clothed with almost unearthly vigor. In case alcoholic liquors excited each of the faculties alike, why do they not render the pious man a hundred fold more pious, and the literary man ten times more literary ] Why not deepen and widen the channels of thought] Why not render ordinary men Wehsters and Franklins, Broughams and Herschels, and these intellectual giants actual Galniels in intellect] Or why should they not excite the moral faculties instead of the animal feelings] Why not make an infi del an Enoch; a deist, a WesUcy; or a sceptic a Payson ] Why are not all spirit drinkers pat terns of piety and good morals, and also stars in the firmament of intellectual greatne s? Let this proposition answer. Not only does it not\ augment the talents of talented men, nor the lit erature ot the literary, nor make the profane pious, hut it actually reverses this state of things. I 1 prostrates talent, beclouds the intellect, dark enscouncil, renders the ideas muddy, and befoie its approach, literary attainments, intellectual greatness, and moral purity, one and all, vanish like the dew before the rising sun. It sometimes, though very rarely increases a certain kind of! eloquence, as we shall sec hereafter, whilst it is universally a sworn enemy to good morals, and to all liteiary and intellectual attainments. Again: the fact is no less lamentable than true that nineteen twentieths, if not ninety nine hun dreths, of the tune, desires and pleasures, the pursuits, anxieties, &c., of mankind, are. onsunt eu upon the gratification of bis animal nature, in serambl tig after property, in seeking what he should eat, and drink, and wear, and live in, and show off with, in gratifying his love of power or hi-grasping ambition, in politics, in friendship and family cares, in combating and contending 1 in backbiting and licentiousness. A small por tion is expended upon religion, hut even [his re ligion is warped hy his animal feelings. This ■ assertion is sweeping, hut too true, innumerable j illustrations ol whico might he given. Accor ding to Phrenology, hy far the largest part of the ! brain is occupied by the animal and sefish organs. Does not every reader find the subjugation ofhi* animal passions extremely difficult 1 Nowifthi* is the tact without the use ot'alcohol, how much more is its use calculated to inflame this already predominant poition ui'his nature, and also to re tard his advancement in virtue, intelligence and re igionl i tius far, there is but a single vulnerable point, but one lame proposition, hut one possible eva sion ot these inferences, namely, ‘‘We do not believe in your Phrenology." 1 shall not here outer upon even a brief defence of its truth, n.>r exhibit ut'its facts, hut refer the reader to works on the science, fctill this lasi proposition, which forms the key stone of this estav, its one leading though.t, nan.ely, that the state of the body is as the stale of the animal organs, that, therefore, whatever irritates or stimulated the former, there by proportionally inflames the latter, is a general tact, a constitutional law o our nature so palpa ble and so universal that “the way-fairing man though a fool,” cannot but see and admit its truth. I he following daises of well known facts are only a few u the tens of thousands which might be adduced to prove and illustrate it. A cold or a slight lever does not increase Ben evolence or Conscientiousness, but actually weakens ihcm, whilst .t greatly augments the combative and destructive and selfish feelings. Let your child be a little unwell, that is, let his body he in a feverish and irritated state, and he will l*c peevish, cross and petulent, and fret at every little thing, and that without cause, Caus ality and Conscientiousness being inactive. Nothing pleases but every thing irritates him. The same is true of dyspepsia or indigestion, and of persons generally in poor health, They find fault with every tiling, are ungrateful, and un reasonable in tlieir anger, because of the irritated state ot tlieir animal, and the weakened state of the nior.d and intellectual, organs. Wby do not disease increase our kindness , our devotion , our conscience, our *-casomng powers, &c.’l Because bodily disease is lirst imparted to the animal or gans in the basu ot ti.e brain. But let the child oraduit become so very sick that his physical powers arc prostrated, and it is these animal pas sions and desires that arc prostrated first and most, whilst the moral and reasoning powers are less impa red And the first sign oftus returning health is his increasid hunger, (Alimrnlivencss,) bis irritability and fault-finding disposition, &c.’ The phenomena of death accord with this principle. The extremities are prostrated first, sensation and nervous action rapidly decrease the animal passions follow next, connubibial and parental love, appetite, anger, hard feelings, and love of the world all yield before the moral or in tellectual faculties feel its deadening influence.— Vitativeness, also an animal organ, situated in the lowest part of the base of the brain, lets go its hold on life, leaving the dying man willing to de part. Dying persons often attempt to speak but cannot, their organs of language and memory, sit uated in the lower |iortions of the forehead near the body, being too tar gone to give utterance to the st.ll operating organs of reason, located high er up. the pious Christian, “Dei gratia," dies in the triumphs of faith, that is, in the vigorous exercise ol the moral faculties after the death of his animal, whilst others often die in the reversed or painful action of these organs. 1 tie proverb “ old men for counsel, young men for action," embodies this same principle. “Ac tion” and force of character are given hy the vig orous exercise of the animal propensities, which are stronger in young persons than in old, only because tlieir bodies are more vigorous. But “counsel” depends upon the reasoning organs, which, being located in the upper portion ot the forehead, retain all their pristine vigor long alter both the physical energies, and With them the animal passions, are weakened by age. The principle explains the fact that the passions, the appetite the Amativeness, the ehuhtions of anger in young men, are otten ungovernable, while in after life, these very men become ornaments of society and eminent for talents; that the wildest boys generally make the smartest men; that soli tary confinement and hard labor, by reducing the tone of the body, subdues the pride, obstinacy, maliciousness, and other vicious inclinations of convicts, and that the talents often increases af ter the body begins to fail, after ambition wanes, and long cherished animosities begin to weaken. So also the memories of children and youth are astonishingly retentive and vigorous, whilst those of aged persons are enfeebled, but the judge mentof the latter is strong, whilst that of the lor mer is weak, because the organs of memory, being in the base of the forehead, are vigorous when the body is vigorous, and become enfbebled by age, but those of judgement are in the upper portion of the forehead, and therefore partake | less of the weakened state of the body, A severe fit of sickness, when it leaves the body in an en feebled state, is sure to weaken most kinds of 1 memory, whilst it seldom impairs the judgement. [No. 19.