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AtrcrosTA wAsaxirfitoirxAir. • * \ ...... - ,«? • ■WV\VW«\W\VW\VW\ VWWWWVM %WW»\W>'WV\VWVW%\W\ \W\WXWV\VW\\W\\\V\\VV\WV\VW\WV\ VOL. ll.] Eht »S2?asftCnfltomnn WILL BE PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING, BY JAMES McCAFFERTY, At the low price of one dollar per annum, for a single subscriber, five dollars for a club of six, or ten dollars for a club of twelve sub scribers — payment, in advance. All Communications, by mail, addressed to the publisher, must be post paid to receive atten tion. By the rules of the Post-Office Depart ment, Post masters may frank subscription money for Newspapers. Advertisements will be inserted at the follow ing reduced rates For one square, not ex ceeding twelve lines. 50 cents for the first insertion, and twenty-five cents for each con tinuance, if published weekly; if semi-monthly 37j ; and if monthly 43j cents, for each con tinuance. Yearly advertisers 10 per ct. discount. [From the South Western Farmer.] Grasses for the South. There is nothing we more need here at the South than a good pasture grass; one that will afford grazing summer and winter, and which will last for several vea.s without dying out. We cannot give our lands a good system of rotation until we can get such pastures. To let our lands now lie out longer than one year, makes them bare naked wastes, if stock runs on them ; and the only crops we raise are small grain, corn and cot ton—none of which, except the latter, shade the land from the scorching of the summer sun; —a point so important to keeping up its fertility. Perhaps we have grasses which would succeed if properly tried—perhaps Blue grass—or the Mus ketc could be adapted to our climate, or the Italian Rye grass, of which we have seen many favorable accounts. If Mr. ’Colman, in his tour through Europe, would ascertain what grasses they there depend on for pastures in the southern latitudes, and introduce the seed among us, perhaps we would get the desideratum. We have before remarked that we think we must look to the south rather than the north for new articles of this soft. It is worthy of remark, that nearly every plant which has succeeded peculiarly with us is of a more southern origin— Cotton—Rice—the Sweet Potatoe—ihe Pindar—the Jerusalem Artichoke*—lndi go, with mauy of our best garden plants, are all from the tropics of their neighbor hood'; and who knows but that to these we may add one or more species of pas ture grass, if due enquiry and effort is exerted? The Muskete promises to real ize this anticipation. Grasses for the South.— --We have been trying experiments for some eight or ten years with the different grasses that we could procure the seed of, yet we have given no one experiment that trial either on a large scale, or for a length of time sufficient to speak decisively. As a grass for making hay, wc cannot con ceive any one could desire one cheaper, more productive, more nourishing than our own crab grass. We want a grass that will give us an early spring bite, a full summer crop, and a winter pasturage; whether we can get so much is another matter. We saw the Bermuda grass over twen ty years ago, growing on a variety of situations, in all of which it flourished well, and although it was eradicated as a pest out of the yard where we were wont to call homo, yet it never extended into the garden, nor did we ever hear of its showing itself elsewhere, notwithstand ing horses and calves were suffered to ! graze on it. We have it here from two sources, sent us by our friends Col. Wailes, from Washington, Miss., and J. J. McCaughan, from Mississippi City. We cannot see any difference between , them, though our after friend refers to a difference in the Ist No. of 2d Vol. Am. Ag., page 22. We never rubbed out the seed stalks, nor know whether either has seed, but so far otherwise as we can judge, we pronounce them identically the same. The article wc saw in South Carolina, was procured from the West Indies. At all events, it is a good grazing grass, from the middle of April until frost, and on good land will grow tall enough to mow. We have Lucern at this time one foot high, and had the season been as usual, it would have been doubly as high. It has withstood two summers, and is at this time more luxuriant than it ever was. Our Muskete grass, though sown just as winter set in, with the severest one recorded ip our memory, is at this time, where there is a full stand, suffi ciently large for grazing, and the softest, y velvety grass, we ever beheld. It has 'been quite green, and we might say growing, the entire winter. We almost know', it must be suitable to us. If it will only grow high enough to mow, it will be worth its weight in grass any how. We have Gama grass, Guinea grass, and the clovers growing, though the two former only extensively enough to speak with certainty. They will both grow here well: will stand our summers and winters, though both require cultiva tion for one or two years. We have tried for two years to get the Italian Rye grass, but unless some queer looking seed, sent us, as a present from an esteemed co-laborer is the article, wc have failed. From our trials, we have no question but what we can grow almost any of the cultivated grasses, if we w'ould only try 1 the thing right, and give sufficient time for them to set, ere we graze off. We have had clover, tymothy and herds grass, sown in the spring, with oats, to be gra zed the entire year—aye ! the first year, : with a tolerable fair stand the second season. No northern farmer Would at tempt this, because he would know he could not succeed. We intend ordering a lot of grass seeds this summer, to be sown in Septem ber or October, for the purpose of giving to each a fair trial, and would like to or der for those who desire it, and have not. i the same facilities of doing so. Whether we improve stock by crossing, or by judi cious selections of those already improv i ed, we must have pasturage; and in no i way can we succeed so certain and cheap i as by permanent pastures. These can be made by Muskete grass, and where . soiling or cutting for hay is desirable, • crab grass or lucerne will do. It may be, that particular sections will not be adapted to clover or to the others, , but we think that no locality' - can be ; found, but what some grass will do fairly. The Bermuda will grow on a clay bank, on a sand bank, or rich or poor land, and for half the year will afford good pastur : age. We ask our readers to try some of : the grasses, so as to be able to give us 1 i information. They need not try exten sively ; all that is required is time, pro duct and quality, because a crop might • do well for a few months, and yet not stand our summer, or if standing, the yield too small, or of a bad quality. i ’’ Model Farm. The British Farmer’s Magazine for January, 184:1, contains the following ac ! count of a model farm, Cultivated chiefly by boys, who are pursuing a course of education in scientific agriculture : “ Perhaps the most successful example of tile capabilities of land, under proper management, in Ireland, and of the im ■ mertse Crops which can be raised, may be seen on the National Model Farm, un der the Board of Education, at Glasne vin, near Publin. This farm, strictly conducted on the improved .systerit of green cropping and house feeding, con tains 52 statute acres, and there were kept on it, during the year, 22 head of cattle and 3 horses. It supplies, on an average, ninety persons during the year with farm produce, such as milk, butter, potatoes, and vegetables of various kinds; and furnishes the farming establishment with pork, besides a number of private I families with the above articles. A con- I siderablc quantity of vegetables are car ried to market, and all kinds of grain, : which is abundant. There is at present i a crop of oats upon.the farm, the produce 'of 144 British acres. It is secured in I eight stacks, and is estimated by the best | judges to be equal to the average produce of 50 acres. It stood perfectly close up on the ground, average 6 to 7\ feet in height, the head and ear corresponding ; j the other crops, potatoes, turnips Italian rye-grass, &c. of like quality. The manager conducts the farm on his own account; pays £257 7s. Bd. per annum of rent, besides other expenses, amounting in all to upwards of £4OO per year; and we are informed, and believe, that he realizes a very handsome annual sum from it besides. He labors and manages it almost exclusive by a number of boys, agricultural pupils, and teachers, who are there in training in the science and practice of agriculture. As a test of what land is capable of producing, when brought to its highest point, there are few examples so appropriate as we have in this particular instance; there are, perhaps, more crops raised, more cattle kept and fed, more human beings sup plied ivith the common Necessaries of life, more manure accumulated, more em ployment given, and, in fact, more mon ey made on this spot of land than on any other farm of the same extent (conducted AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY, JULY 1, 1843. on a proper scientific rotation of grain and green crop) in any part of the em pire, or the world. Did the average land of Ireland produce only one half of the value, according to quantity, that is on this model farm, we should hear no more of corn laws, tariffs, or want of employ- i tnent amongst the people. Composition for healing Wounds j in Trees.— Take of dry pounded chalk three measures, and of common vegeta ble tar one measure ; mix them thorough-! ly, and boil them with a low heat till the composition becomes of ft consistency j of beeswax : if chalk cannot convenient ly be got, dry brick dust may be substi tuted. It may be preserved for use in a moderately cold climate for any length of time. Application. —After the broken, or decayed limb has been sawed off*, the whole of the sawcut must be carefully pared away, and the rough edges of the bark, in particular, must be made quite smooth. The doing of this properly is of great consequence. Then lay on the above composition hot, about the thick ness of a half crown over the ivounded place, and over the edges of the sur rounding bark. It should be spread with a hot trowel. Thunder Storms. As wd are often visited bv these storms, which are usually of great severity, and seldom pass over without some damage to life and property, the following facts relating to them, will be read with inter est by those who have never before had them, and will serve to refresh the memo ries of those who studied these principles in their philosophy. The distance of a thunder storm and consequently the danger is not difficult to ascertain. As light travels at the rate of about 60,420 leagues or very nearly 200,000 miles in one second of time, its effects may be considered as instantane ous within any moderate distance.— Sound on the contrary, is transmitted only at the rate of 1,142 feet in a second. By accurately observing, therefore, the time which intervenes between the flash of lightning and the beginning of the noise of the thunder which follows it, a very accurate calculation may be made of its distance, viz: when you observe the lightning, and ten seconds elapse be fore you hear the thunder, you are two miles out of danger; if five seconds elapse between, one mile out of danger ; but if you only distinguish one second to elapse between the lightning and thunder then you may estimate yourself only 1,142 feet from the dangerous fluid, and ! the nearer to the light you hear the thun der within one second you may count yourself in danger. By having a know ledge of these things there is no better j means of removing apprehensions. If the thunder rambles seven seconds, | you must be aware that the electric fluid has passed through space from the at- i mosphere to the earth, a distance of nearly one mile and a half. Sometimes the fluid skips from one cloud to another before it comes to the earth. There is no danger to be appre hended from the thunder, but that it operates as a warning when well calcu lated. Thunder is one of the consequences resulting from lightning, and lightning j appears to be occasioned by the combus-! tionofsomeof the inflatnable particles j of the air; or, according to more recent opinions, of a condensation of serial mat- j ter conducing to electricity, by which, in i either case, a vacuum is created. The ■■ surrounding atoms which remain uninflu- j enced by this charge, being forced toge- ‘ thcr by the whole weight of the atmos- 1 phere, greatly constrict each other ; but their elastic nature causes them immedi ately to expand, and by this enlargement their sonorous property is acquired. A centrifugal force being thus established, it acts in all directions alike; but as the circle extends, its propulsive power be comes gradually diminished, till at last j its pressure is no longer felt, nor sound created. The rumbling noise of thun-! der is produced by that portion of the sonorous circle which strikes upon the i earth, whence it becomes condensed, and being intercepted in its upward course by dense masses of vapor, it is again re- 1 fleeted, and this alternate motion and reverberation continue, until the inter-; < ruption ceases, or the original force isj exhausted. Echo is also occasioned byj : reverberation from one cloud to another. Abstractly speaking, there are. fW things, if any, in all that portion of the universe which is exposed to the eyes of man, so grand, so mighty in beauty, so magnificent in splendof, as a great thun der storm. The feeble and impotent contention of man, even upon the grand j est scale, is fain to borrow the cloudy ■ war of the storm as images to give it j j grandeur. We hear of the thunder of f 1 the cannon, of the lightning flash of the j artillery. But what is it all to the reali ty, when forth from the cloud bursts the | deafening Voice of the storm upon the ;ear and tipoii the eye blazes the blinding j flash of the levcn holt of heaven ? When i | shall we produce lights like that, casting I their splendor from one verge of heaven ; to the other ?—where shall we find sounds iso magnificent, so grand, rolling along the wffiole vault from the zenith to the horizon? Yet there are few persons who view a thunder storm with the same feelings; and, indeed, the difference of human character are tried by scarcely any thing more finely than by the sensa tions produced upon the mind by that phenomenon. There are many who are terrified, and that terror may proceed from a thousand other causes than mere mental weakness. There are some who have been taught fear irremediably in their youth. There are some actually afraid of corporeal danger. There are some scarcely afraid) but awe-struck and overpowered. Thete are others, again, who have neither fettr nor awe, nor ad miration, the dull fabric of Whose minds is incapable of any fine sensation.— There are some who do more, and admire the storm, but admire it simply for its grandeur ; there are others who do so likewise, but go far beyond; who combine it with visions of bright things, who hear tongues like those of angels in the voice of the thunder, and who gaze upon the blaze of the lightning, lighted by its I splendor to far fain visions of Almighty power and majesty. [From the Albany (Ga.) Courier.] It is gratifying to reqd the efforts of the Georgia Journal to wake up the peo-1 pie of our State, to a due appreciation of the rights of married women. And in so doing, the injustice and hardship of the laws on this subject have been fully ex posed and a remedy called for ; in this, the w'riter wishes them success in heart and soul, and hopes to see the day when the wife has a protection under the laws —when her proparty shall be secured to ; her and her children, and not left as it j now is, to be squandered by a reckless \ husband’s conduct, either at the gamb-1 ling table or in some other way equally ; abhorrent to the principles of justice, i Her position has materially changed in ■ society since the adoption of those law’s merged her existence into that of her hus band ; and notwithstanding the change of her condition from that, of a mere au tomaton, to an intellectual being capable j of learning, of thought and reflection,! I still the antient rigour of those laws re mains the same. Laws should be passed ; to meet the exigencies of society in its ; j various relations, and promote so far as the adoption of beneficial laws are con cerned, its permanent prosperit)-. Should not the present system, which is the es sence of injustice, be abolished, and the rights of woman placed under the pecu-; liar protection of the laws of our State ? The intelligence and candor of our peo ple, I feel will warrant me in answering in the affirmative. j In the absence of the desired laws to I shield the wife from the many misfor j tunes inseparable from present laws, we behold firesides, otherwise pleasant and j happy, the scene of sorrow and deep hu- j miliation. The wife’s property becomes j ; the husband’s on marriage, and subject, j | not only to pay his debts afterwards, but I | even prior to its consummation. This is | the law on the subject, and the writer would be glad if he could say that lie had neither seen nor heard of any practical illustration of its rigours. Neither coun ty nor community can be found in the length and breadth of our State (and I might say 25 out of 26 of the United States,) but have exhibited frequent and painful illustrations of the wife’s defence less condition. The father may have labored and toiled for years to acquire property for his daughter ; after his death she becomes united to a husband, es. teemed both prudent and honest. In the process of time, the husband is en compassed by pecuniary embarrass ments, is sued, and the last dollar’s worth of property left by the deceased father to his daughter, is taken and exposed for sale to pay a debt contracted before mar riage, upon which property the creditor j in justice had no sort of right or claim. ■ We are told that the wife can now pro tect herself by settling her propertv through the intervention of a trustee, and that such a Itiw is not called for. To this I ansWei', let a law be passed bv the I Legislature of our State, which shall de i clare what prudence dictates—the wife’s property, exempt from the payment .of the husband’s debts either before or after marriage. The civil law on this point is worthy of all imitation. The greater portion of Europe has adopted it, and one of the I States of the American confederacy has j followed in their wake. Shall Georgia still cling to a system fraught with such pernicious consequences in the well being of society, to its love of mutual ahd ex act justice to all ? I trust there is an abiding sense of justice in the hearts of all Georgians, and that the evil may be . remedied. Between minds patriotically disposed and equally intent on doing jus tice, there is reason to hope for unanimi !ty of sentiment. This must result when mankind have no interest at stake, no sinister motive to govern the feelings or bias their sentiments on a question of right and wrong. Let it be announced that the last dollar of the wife’s propertv has been sold to pay the debts of the husband—‘-say, security debts, contracted before marriage—or say, that the wife is driven from the house left her by her father—indignation is immediately felt by every generous heart, on the recital of her wrongs—the husband is denounced and approbium heaped upon his name. Yet these things will Occur so long as the laws remain ns they are ; change the laws, breathe into them the spirit and equity of the civil law, and pecuniary distress may overtake the husband, and he may be wrecked forever—but the j wife specially protected, will stand as j she would have stood without the union, on a proud basis. It might be urged by some that inno vation is dangerour, and ever attended with doubtful benefit; or in other words that, we had better submit to slavish au thority than the repeal of laws which are supported neither by reason nor sound policy. Let our legislature wipe out this odious feature of our law found ed in prejudice and opposition,—the off spring of barbarous times, and worthy of the unenlightened age that gave them birth. The immutable principle of truth | and justice, the advanced stage of public : intelligence and social improvement re quires that the JSgean of protection, ' should be thrown around the domestic hearth. These lines have been hastly throw to | gether to congratulate the Journal of its advocacy of a measure loudly called for by the true interest of the people of our State. If the past is an earnest of its future labors in the cause, great good must flow by keeping it before the peo i pie. Advocates will spring up in every i section of the State, and the day will soon come, when the present trammels will be removed, and the females justly | rejoice at it, as the day of their emanci pation. To this purpose, I invoke the serious reflection of every honest heart. BAKES. Results of a bad character.— “ What a traveller you have become !” exclaimed an Englishman on meeting an acquaintance at Constantinople. “ To tell you the truth,” was the frank reply, “I am obliged to run about the world to keep ahead of my character ; the moment it overtakes me I am ruined • but I don’t care who knows me so long as ! I travel incognito.” Boswell records that an unhappy man, | who having totally lost his character, ■ committed suicide, a crime which Dr. Johnson reprobated very severely. “ Why, sir,” urged Boswell, “ the man had become infamous for life; —what would you have had him do?” “ Do, sir ?” I Would have him go to some county where he was not known, and not to the Devil, where he was known .” Professors. —lt is wonderful, the rap id increase among us of professors ; of every thing—ls a man turns a somerset, he styles himself professor of gymnas tics ; if he charges a dollar for feeling a j man’s head, he is professor of phrenolo gy ; if, with the aid of the sun and a lit tle box, he take likenesses, he is profess or of photography. All this gaggery is admirably hit off in “Aldgate pump.” A street sweeper in that styles himself “ professor of mud.”—A friend of ours | says that the public is a great fat goose. ; which these professors of “hurfibug" pluck most cruelly. Is he right or wrong, [No. 4.