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AIWSfA WASM6YOUAI, & JfsmEi jpauuw?: n&ww u uim srnmUsimim s&raiMwg®, Vol. II No. 10.] Che JCashfnfltontait i WILL BK PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY < MORNING, BY JAMES McCAFFERTV, At the low price of one dollar per annum, for ' • * a single subscriber, five dollars for a club of , six, or ten dollars for a club of twelve sub- ' scribers — payment, in advance. All Communications, by mail, addressed to the I publisher, must be post paid to receive atten- ( tion. By the rules of the Post-Office Depart ment, Post masters may frank subscription j money for Newspapers. Advertisements will be inserted at the follow ing reduced rates: —jfafconc square, not ex ceeding twelve lines,lso Vents tor the first j insertion, and twenty-five cents for each con-, tinuincc, if published weekly ; if semi-monthly 374; and if monthly 43| cents, for each con tinuance. Yearly advertisers 10 per ct. discount. Tile Compost Yard. In a recently published Scotch work, on Agriculture, denominated “ the Book of the Farm,” there appears a drawing ’ iind a description of the 4 Compost Yard,’ an enclosure distinct from, and yet close ly connected with, the farm or barn-yard, and in which is situated a tank or sunken L cistern, for the reception of the urine from the horse stables, cow and ox stalls, and the range of hog-stves, into which it is conveyed by under drains, so that the| \ rain which falls in the yard does not flow into the tank, to weaken the liquid, or to overflow it with a useless article.. Into this compost yard is brought, at leisure times, large quantities of muck, virgin earth or bank-soil, upon which is poured from time to time, as it is collected, the mine from the cistern. Several of these heaps are in preparation at the same time, and so soon as one of them becomes suf ficiently saturated with the urine, it is turned over and carefully mixed, the clods being minutely broken and pulver ized. And if, at this stage, lime is added and intimately mixed by turning, the mass will be found equal in value tosoap er’s ashes; by far more lasting in its eflects, adding staple as well as vigor to the soil, and manufactured at an expense much less than by any other mode that can be devised; the urine in such an establishment being equal in value, and preferable for many purposes to the more solid parts of the dung of the stables. By these very simple means, the resour ces of a farm can be doubled, while the labor attending the manufacture might he carried on at a time of leisure, afford - . ing profitable employment at all seasons of the year. And this mode of expending 1 the urine of an establishment is far better than that which in some places is in use, namely, to carry it abroad in water casks and sprinkle it on grass lands while the crop is growing, for on some occasions it has been found, to say the least, almost useless, while in its concentrated state, it would prove in other cases injurious.— One could easily imagine a tank, with a pump for lifting the liquid into an upper cistern, from whence it might be convey ed by means of a hose-pipe to any given distance, and to any part of the heaps where required ; and thus, by the labor of a couple of hands for an hour or so, the contents of the cistern could he equally distributed over large quantities of earth, upon which more muck might then be spread, and the urine be again applied, so as at length to form heaps of compost of great magnitude, in a fit state to carry abroad as top-dressing to meadows, or clovers, or suitable for any other purpose. Ihe solid contents of the farm-yard and stable manure, could then be carried into the fields, and there be composted with other bank-earth, or the clearing of hedge-rows, &c., or the earth obtained from the lower parts of the field, where is often to be found large quantities of the richest part of the soil, brought down by the washings of rains from time im memorial, and which only require to be ; composted and taken hack to those parts from whence they have been brought, to 1 render the land uniform in its produce, - and enabling it to double the quantity of : its yield. At the same time, great labor i might some times be saved in the article 1 of carting , if care were taken to make the, ( arrangements to carry the compost down < hill, instead of up the ascent, and this i AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY, AUGUST 12. 1813. might often be done, by taking the earth I from the lower side of the field, above that < on which it is intended to carry it abroad, s removing a set of bars here and there, to i render ready access to the field below.— 1 This I have often been enabled to do, at } a saving of more than one half the labor 1 in cartage : and it behooves the farmer 5 to consider well before commencing his 1 compost heap—by an examination of the locality of his fields—whether such an ar- I rangement be not practicable ; remember- 1 ing, however, that the heap must be form- i |od on a dry soil, for if otherwise, the) fermentation going on in the mass, will I draw up the moisture from the lower earth, ; |and render all the operations difficult, la-1 borious, and disagreeable ; the character } of the compost will he changed, and its fructifying principle deteriorated in a rc markable degree. The wholesome and - refining process of fermentation, being ; checked and rendered abortive by the! chilling influence of a too great abundance of moisture, the compost will become cold, heavy, and adhesive, powerless iu itsef-j frets, and rather a dead and putrid mass,! than a warm and invigorating substance. This consideration is therefore of para mount importance h> the success of the undertaking; and yet, how often have I seen a compost-heap placed in a cold, wet, ' low and shady corner of a field, liable to r ho overflown by freshets from a neighbor i ing stream, or even by the effects of a! heavy rain. But no practical man will be in danger of committing the error, if he | have once assisted in turning a heap plac ed in such an unsuitable situation, the wet and heavy foundation of which will have ' taught him a lesson he will not he likely soon to forget.— [Farmer's Cabinet. ; June 27,1842. From the Planter. 1 Mu. Editor —ln “The Planter” of 27tli ult., you desired information relative ' to the comparative value of such cattle and 1 hogs, of improved breeds as we have ' among us. With cattle, my experience is too limit ' ed to authorize even an expression of ■ opinion, having hut made a commence * me lit with some young stock, all of which : you have seen and passed judgment on. As one of my calves is of pure “ Patton” I stock, and a beautiful animal, it would ‘ afford me some satisfaction, to know sonic • thing of the merit of that breed ; the others ! are of the Durham and Ayreshire. 1 My experience in hog raising, is also ‘ confined to a very limited boundary, be ■ yond the good old sorts—ln my young 1 days, “ a hog was a hog,” and a good or I bad breed was supposed to depend entirely ; upon the quantity of corn the farmer had for them ; “ corn makes the breed,” was but a common saying—-the meat upon the ' table was familiarly called “old Ned,” from the fact of its consisting of parts hard to masticate, and harder to digest. But, : Mr. Editor, perhaps this is a digression ! from the subject, in saying a word about this branch of the great family of swine— he it even so sir, excuse and hear with ; me, or skip to the next paragraph, but a : sense of duty, and respect for the good old staff upon which our fathers leaned for support, and from which we derived much of our hardy nature, seems to whisper, i Write — he it right or wrong. The introduction of other breeds, ren dered it necessary to designate the native 1 hog, according to its general appearance and habits, not inappropriately, as the : “Needle Nose,” “Razor-back,” “Land l Pike,” “ Alligator,” Ac. Mr. Editor, you have, perhaps, seen i them; if so, as a better descriptive writer ' than myself, I have a mind to leave this > part of the subject to your pen, unless you i are disposed to admit the following picture 1 correct, for which I am indebted to the i Cultivator. i “ They have long peaked snouts, coarse heads, large fbrtear upright leaning back, I (if they are so fortunate as to have escaped ! the mouth of the dog,) their chest and < narrow shoulders, sharp backs, slab-sides, 1 and steep rump, meagre diminutive hams, t big legs, clumped feet, with the hide of the t Rhinoceros, hair and bristles of the Por- [ cupine, and as thick and shaggy as a t Bear’s—they have no capacity at diges- t tion or concoction of food in the stomach— f and if they had, to the formation of what c would it all go ? Pork ! No, indeed— [ but to offal, bones, rind, bristles and hair, t with a narrow streak of gristle underneath, [: and a still narrower line of lean as tough t and rank as witleathcr, requiring much b larding to make it sustain human life. In g disposition, they are like the. Ishmaelites t< of old—their snouts are against every 4 man, and every man’s hand is against them; no reasonable fence ctn stop them, ever restive and uneasy, they rove about seeking plunder, squealing, grunting,foot ing, pawing, always in mischief, and al ways destroying—enormous gormandizers, yet never satisfied, but like Pharoah’slean kine, they lick their jowels for more, and show in their miserable carcass, no return for the food consumed.” These are the animals that abound throughout the country, and exactly the 'kind the writer possessed, and which lie found to make him but the poorer, as their numbers increased, until chance brought jto his view, a pair of beautiful Bemshircs; you may smile at the expression, “beauti ; till,” being at all applicant to a pig. Yes sir, L agree, fully, with Mr. Lossing, when he says, “the young Berkshire pig, is one of the most beautiful objects in the animal creation; as he garjbols in the |sun, his sleek skin distended almost to bursting, as if unable longtf to form a ; barrier against the genial stvarn of life, as they course through the miiature veins, i impatient to swell into the future mon ster, and endowed with an instinct, fall ing but little short of reason and in some respects, far exceeding it.” My experiments, for five years past, have been confined pretty nuch to the Berkshire*, and I have spare! no pains to procure from northern genlemen, who were importers of the finet stock, not only the best pigs, but the bet sows, with out regard to price, and feel filly confident that at least twice as much pork can he made from this breed, acceding to the food consumed, as from any vhich I had previously tried. As to ths fact, lam fully convinced—someexperimeed breed ers say, three times as mud. The pre sent race of them, from history, appear to he a cross from the fine largs white Chi nese Boar, on the old stock »f Berkshire county, which, forty years ago, was a long, large, coarse, lop-earei hog, of red dish brown color, weighing tom 800 to a 1000 pounds ; thus has been produced the splendid Berkshire of the (resent day. I They are a thick, smooth Rooking hog, ' having, generally, the appfrirance of be ing very flit, though not iihberly, short fine head, face a little dishfdj ear upright, standing forward, short reck, deep thick shoulders, and broad back, heavy hams, extending low down the frock, long round barrel and wide chest, bat Utle hair, few or no bristles, they mat up; curly, are proli fic breeders and excellent nirscs. I have never known them to cat heir pigs, or disturb poultry, they may lp fattened at any time, and when in the last order, the meat abounds with lean, aid decidedly superior to the native hog, ind weighing much heavier to the apparent bulk, from the fact of their having veif light ofliil; from 3 to 500 pounds may i>e considered the weight of the ordinal* Berkshire, when grown; they, howeven attain some times to a much larger size.: Mr. Allen’s improved Boar, “Windsor Cfrstle,” is sup posed to weigh 800 pound*—and I have no doubt, the Boar which jook the first premium at our Agricultural Fair last foil, though but 18 months oldj would then have gone as high as GOO poinds, and the sow 500 pounds. I weighed pig this morning, from the above p: ir, which is exactly fourteen weeks old, nd has never been pushed, but kept in gool living order —rit weighed 105 pounds, \\ nch is more than a pound for each day of ts age. Mr. Allen’s testimony, after traversing all the great pork counties ii England, is decidedly in favor of the bretd, and judg ing from the great demand (or them, and the general satisfaction expressed by all who have given them a fair trial, togeth er with my own observation, im induced to believe them the best of the swine fami ly—their excellency consisting not in their large size, but general good quali ties. In addition to some fine Berkshires, the writer procured, last fall, from Col. Bement, of Albany, a very fine ‘improv ed China” Sow, (now the property of Dr. Calhoun, of Greenwood, Abbeville,) this stock is certainly every way worthy the attention of persons who would raise pigs for town or village use, or Who would eat fine ham almost free of cost. Like the Berkshires, they are easily kept and fattened at anytime, and under any cir cumstances, corn or no corn—requiring, perhaps, less food than any other hog of the same size in existence, and less dis posed to mischief; hints are abroad, that they do pretty well on atmospheric air— but I have thought better to give a little grass along with it—they weigh from 200 to 300 pounds, and some few attain to 1 100 pounds. j; I also bought a Neapolitan sow at the;! same time—she, on first acquaintance, is! by no means prepossessing, being desti tute of hair, and her skin resembling that! of the Elephant—she is remarkably do-j cile—her pigs look well and grow off finely—this breed is of very recent intro duction. Mr. Bement gives an account of them in the last Cultivator—says the first were imported by Henry Holland, Esq., of Bailston, in 1839, for which, be paid the liberal price of $l6O. The su periority of this breed, is ow ing entirely to the delicious flavor of the meat, and on this account are much sought after by the gentry of England. My sow, in good order, would weigh about two hundred and fifty. Mr. Editor, having already gone be yond a reasonable limit, I will have to leave to some one better qualified, a con tinuation of this subject-—and hope, ’ere long, from some friend of Domestic Economy, a chapter on the subject of breeding and raising hogs. Respectfully, Columbia, July 14. J. W. P. Reclaiming Savannahs. In the Eastern and lower sections of the State, there are large prairie looking flats, generally covered with water in the win i ter, and partly so throughout the year.— , These Savannahs have a very black soil, apparently fertile in a high degree. They have long been regarded as worthless, but we are happy to learn that in Sumter District, some gentlemen have succeeded . admirably in reclaiming these waste lands, | by the use of lime and thorough draining, i \\ e should lie glad to receive communica , tions from these gentlemen, detailing their . operations and the results, i These Savannahs and the large upland cypresses, we have no doubt, will in a few years, lie regarded as valuable lands.— That there is a vast amount of vegetable deposit in the soil, is clearly indicated by its deep rich color; and if thoroughly drained, limed, and broken up deep, so as , to expose it well to the action of the sun , and air, we cannot see why a soil so rich . in vegetable matter, should not prove liigh :iy productive. We hope, however, to , hear soon from some who have had some : practical experience in reclaiming these , lands.— [lbid. i , A Hint to the Ladies. If you w-ish to improve your flower gar , dens, water your plants with a solution of r Ammonia; about three grains to a gallon t of water. It is said to produce an aston , ishing improvement in a very short time ; . imparting vigor to delicate plants that r seem likely to wither, and adding luxuri | ance to the foliage of all. Some of our . fair Camden friends have tried it we un j derstand, with great success.— [lbid. ’ MOTOEIL[LANE©[UI®, Violating Public Faith. ! Fisher Ames has thus in glowing lan t guage, painted the odium of a violated , public faith. “To expatiate on the value of public faith may pass witli some men for decla i mation—to such I have nothing to say. * To others I will urge—can any circum ’ stance mark upon a people more turpi tude and debasement? Casi any thing * tend more to make men think themselves mean, or degrade to a lower point their estimation of virtue, and their standard for > action? “It would not merely demoralize man kind; it tends to break ail the ligaments lof society, to dissolve that mysterious charm, which attracts individuals to the I nation, and to inspire in its stead a repul ■ sive sense of shame and disgust. : The same revolutionary father says of patriotism: “What is patriotism? It is a narrow affection for a spot where a man was born? Are the very clods where we tread, entitled to this ardent preference, ’ because they are greener ? No, sir, this i is not the character of the virtue, and it soars higher for its object. It is an ex tended self-love, mingling with all the en joyments of life, and twisting!tself with the minutes filaments ofthe Tneart. It is thus we obey the laws of society, because : they are the laws of virtue, lit their au thority we see, not the array of force and terror, but the venerable image of our < country’s honor. Every good citizen makes that honor his own, and cherishes it not only as precious but as sacred. He i is willing to risk his life in its defence, and t is conscious that lie gains protection while : he gives it. For, what rights of a citi- i :zen will hr deemed inviolable, when a a [-State renounces the principles that con ' [One Dollar a Year. ;| slitute their security? Or, if his life ; should not be invaded what would its en jjoymetits be, in a country odious in the | eyes of strangers, and dishonored in his ’ own ? Could he look with affection and veneration to such a country as his pa rent?—The sense of having one would die within him; he would blush for his ; patriotism, if he retained any, and justly, for it would he a vice. He would be a |banished man in his native land.” Dress. There is not an hour in a day which a man so much likes to see his wife wife dressed with neatness, as when she leaves her bed room and sits down to breakfast. At any other moment vanity stimulates her efforts at the toilette, for | she expects to be seen—but at this retired and early hour, it is for the very sake of cleanliness, for the very sake of pleasing ' her husband. “A woman should never appear untidy in the presence of her hus band.” While he was her lover, what a sad piece of business if he caught her dressed to disadvantage! “Oh, dear, there he is, and my hair all in papers; and this frightful, unbecoming cap! 1 i had no idea he would have been here so ■ early—let me ofF to my toilette!” But ■ now he is your husband : “ Dear me, i what consequence is it? My object is gained. My efforts to win him, my little i manoeuvres to captivate have been suc ' cessful; and it is very hard if a woman is I to pass her life in endeavoring to please » her husband /” I remember greatly ad ■ miring a lady who lived among themoun ■ tains, and scarcely saw any one but her " husband. She was rather a plain wo man—yet when she sat at breakfast each 1 morning, and all the day long, her extreme neatness and attention to the niceness of ■ her appearance, made her quite an agree ■ able object. Her husband loved her, and would look at her with more pleasure than ' at a pretty woman dressed in a slovenly, 5 untidy manner; for believe me, those • things, (though your husband appears not 1 to notice them, nor, perhaps, is he con ■ scious of the cause,) strongly possess the > power of pleasing or displeasing.—l 'Mrs. • Ellis. Take Care Bachelors. The Clarcjield Banner contains an advertisement, “To those concerned,” ' signed Moses Wise, (who, by the way, lacks a spoonful of being as wise as Mo. 1 ses,) setting forth that one Martha Stage ’ is disposed to claim him, the said Moses, ' as her lawful and wedded husband, where as he is nobody’s husband. It seems that ’ Moses and Martha “happened at a tav ern with a company of young people who ’ were amusing themselves, and for the sport of the company, and without any ' serious intention on her part, or on his, (mine,) a marriage ceremony was said.” So far, Moses enjoyed the “sport,” but Martha seemed to think that was very poor sport, and claims this unsuspecting I bachelor as her husband, whom she caught fairly and tied securely. Now we would warn our bachelor friends how they go into company, or they may be snapped up and converted into husbands before they are aware of it. —[Southern Planter. i All “New England and Boston” are • agog to repair the losses and relieve the • distresses ofthe Fall River sufferers. But one spirit animates the entire population. Fairs, theatres, concerts, steamboat trips, i church contributions, and many other de vices for the convenient “ raising of the wind” are at work all around “the site of Bunker Hill Monument,” in aid of the good cause. Mean people, these New Englanders! A. & A. Lawrence, of Boston, led off the Fall River subscription with a contri bution o f five hundred dollars. —[iV. Y. Express. Expense for Christening. —The pub lic charge for christening the Prince of Wales, was £2,500, considerably more than -SIO,OOO. Sir Robert Peel was obliged to vindicate it in Parliament against the well deserved censure of Jo seph Hume. He said that the expense was really much greater, but that Queen Victoria had paid all but this small sum out of her own pocket. Who wrote the Bible.—A Sabbath schoolteacher gave out the following ques tion to her class : “ What proof can you assign that the Bible was written by good men?” A little girl four years old, roso and replied, “ Bad men would not have written so much against themselves.”