Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

1 WMIUTiTOIIM. § E firsi U &wssi®6mim, fJitrtatatml snmW jiEs«P®mfw j Vol. II No. 16.] )£he g&'asiunstomau WILL BE PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING, BY jambs McCAFFERTY, < At the low price of one dollar per annum, for I a s i n gle subscriber, five dollars for a club of I g j x ot ten dollars for a club of twelve sub # scribers — payment, in advance. , All Communications, by mail, addressed to the | I publisher, must be post paid to receive atten- I i tion. By the rules of the Post-Office Depart | ment. Post masters may prank subscription J i money for Newspapers. i| Advertisements will be inserted at the follow- Kj ing reduced rates: —For one square, not ex ceeding. twelve lines, 50 cents for the first H insertion, and twenty-five cents for each con tinuance, if published weekly ; ifsemi-monthiy 37$ ; and if monthly 43{ cents, for each con tinuance. 1 Yearly advertisers 10 per ct. discount. I A©%3<gHl)lLTm)[%iE. The Apple Tree Borer. The apple tree borer is the larvae of a * beetle, called Saperda Vicittata, which is | from more than a half to three quarters of I ;tn inch in length ; the color brown and 1 white striped on the back, the under side * white. It comes forth from the tree in a ! perfect state in June ; and in the latter part of June and July it lays its eggs on I • the bark near the root of the tree. They f * hatch out in a short time. The grubs are whitish, and nearly of a cylinder form. The head is small and of a brown color. They have no legs. With strong jaws Is they eat through the k.rk and bore up | wards through the wood, inclining to the I heart of the tree. This is their general course. The larvae state continues two or three years, during which the borer will have gone upwards of nine or ten inches. It approaches (lie bark at the end of its passage, by which it is covered until it is changed into a beetle, when it comes out, and in due time lays its eggs. They may be easily destroyed by cut | ting out or running a wire into the hole soon after they have commenced their j operations. They now have just buried themselves in the bark and by examina tion in season may tie discovered. Some j have laid wood ashes around trees with good effect; others say that it is effectu | al in all cases. A few weeks since we saw on the farm of Mr. Barak Leland, in Sherburne, two orchards that have been v completely protected, bv putting a small I shovelful of good unleached ashes around | each tree, while another orchard between these two, and unprotected in this way, was considerably injured by borets. Col Daniel Leland, of the same town, said that he found ashes to be an effectual remedy. It is best to have ashes from sound hard wood, that they may be strong, and 1 as they are a good manure and a remedy against other insects, it would be well to apply them early in the spring, and again in June or July. Wet the tree before applying the ashes, unless it be so at the time, and throw the ashes against the wet tree 10 or 15 inches from the ground. In addition to the ashes put a piece of hard soap, about the size of a chesnut, into the branches of the tree, in such a place that as it dissolves in the rains it will spread and run down over the whole trunk. This, says a gentleman who prac ticed it, destroys insects, makes the bark smooth and healthy, and it is considered a remedy against borers, and they have not attacked any thus protected. It is worthy of trial. It should be applied early in the spring, and again in July or August. This borer also attacks the quince, mountain ash, and some kinds of thorn.— Boston Cultivator . it* m [lt is said, that when a tree is infested with catterpillars, if a hole is bored into the body of the tree and a small quantity of th e flower of sulphur be poured in and the hole then plugged, the catterpillars will speedily desert the tree. We have also heard of the peach tree worm being expelled by boring a gimblet hole in the body of the tree and inserting a small quantity of calomel, in the spring, taking care to close the hole. Might not the insertion of a small quantity of calomel or sulphur into the apple tree expel the bor er ? The experiment is easily made and is worth trying. M.] AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 23. 1843. ’ The Art of Priming Trees. To understand the art of Pruning, we r should be well acquainted with the philo sophical principles of vegetation and the organic structure of trees. A correct r knowledge of vegetable physiology is as 1 necessary to the art of pruning, as the ’ science of anatomy is to the art of surge e ry. As the veins and arteries aredirect - ly connected with the heart, and are the " channels of circulation extending to eve ry part of the human system so in vege - table organism, there is a series of arte - rics, or vessels, extending from the roots 1 to every leaf, to convey the sap or lift' y blood of the tree. When it gets to the - extremities of the branches, it is there expanded by the thin and delicate text ure of the leaf, where it undergoes an ■ important chemical change, chiefly by the operation of the solar light, which pre pares it for the growth of the tree. This preparation is then sent back, and in its return, forms the bark, woody fibre, flow ers and fruit. Each leaf, therefore, con tributes to the preparation of the sap for the growth of the little branch to which it is attached, and also for the main trunk, - and root of the tree. Thus we find, that trees which have wide-spreading branch r es, from near the ground to their tops, have more tapering bodies, than those J which have small tops : for the multitude of branches and leaves which contribute r to the growth of the body all the way I down, will of course cause it to increase in a conical form. [( If you wish to prune a tree for a timber r lgr<iwth, cut off all the lower branches, 1 and the growth of the trunk will depend on those which are left, and will conse s quentlygrow straight, and nearly of the same size, as high as it was pruned. But if you would prune a fruit tree to make it productive, cut ofTthe centre shoot, when high enough to form a top, and you thus check the wood growth; and as a low I and expanded top is most fruitful, pre r, serve and shape the lower branches for r | that purpose. A top of this form is best calculated to resist winds, and to produce fruit buds. The whole art consists in a j strict observance of these principles in j trees, vines, and every kind of vegetable, to all which light and air are highly im [ portant, particularly in the shape given 5 to fruit trees.— [Conn. Farm. Gaz. r Grading. M. Schroer recommends using a branch • of the common willow, an inch or two in £ diameter, in the following manner, as a 1 matrix for receiving the grafts of such • varieties of apple, pear or quince trees, as e it is desirable to multiply. Make iotlgi -1 tudinal cuts or slits through the branch, 1 at equal distances of 15 or 18 inches. * Take grafts, having two perfect buds, give the lower end the usual wedge-shape, 1 using a keen knife, and insert them in » the slits of the willow, making the lower end sit close to the slit. Then bury the ' branch in a trench formed in good garden 1 soil, of such depth as would permit the upper buds to protrude just above the J surface of (he ground, when the trench is * again filled. The ground must be wa ’ tered occasionally, if the season be dry, 3 and the weeds must be carefully extirpa -1 ted whenever they appear. In the spring 3 of the following year, the branch may be 3 taken up and cut in pieces, leaving a * small portion to each of the growing grafts—which are to be replanted in a f nursery. The willow does not form a ’ permanent union with the grafts, but 3 merely supplies nutriment till the proper I fibrous roots are produced from the low-. 3 er bud. To destroy Worms in Cabbage, j lam not aware that the following easy > and simple method of destroying worms 3 on cabbage has ever appeared in print. ] I belieYc it was discovered by an unlearn-! r ed person, and I hope will not be less effi-j ; cacious on that account. As the worms f are already commencing their depreda-j tions, it will be well to publish it soon. At night, (about sun down,) strip off one of the lower leaves and lay it on the 1 top of the cabbage, back side down. In 3 the morning very early take it off, and the 7 whole, or a large portion of the worms of 1 that cabbage will be on it, and can be 5 disposed of as any sees fit. Two or three 3 trials will effectually free the cabbage 7 from all worms. I believe it never fails ‘ except when the nights are quite cool. Respectfully, W. Chandler. s A Fine Cohn Field.—Gen’l. Shelby, • of Kentucky, has a hundred acre field, ■ which will average 100 bushels to the 1 acre. It is planted 4 feet each way, with 4 stalks to the hill.— [Ex. paper. MB®EUL&N(|©!y>®. [ln a debate in the Massachusetts Leg islature, on an amendment to the Con stitution, proposing to reduce the number of the members of the House of Repre sentatives, a Mr. Hobart, of Leicester, undertook to ridicule the population of Boston, calling them a set of “printers, book-binders, barbers, cobblers, tailors and tinkers, moving here and there with- ' ' out any permanent places of abode.” 1 ’ Mr. Bavlies, of Taunton, replied in the | following happy manner.] . I have had some exp rier.ec in legis .jlation, having held a seat in different leg . islative bodies for ten years. 1 have lis , tened to many legislative debates, and I . have listened to many extraordinary . speeches, but I must confess the most ex s traordinary was the one which was made <by the gentleman from Leicester. Is . that gentleman aware of the character .of his proposition! In adjusting the r terms of an amendment to the constitu- I tion, he advocates the establishment of a , principle which would tolerate a real bona j fide aristocracy. He has gravely urged . upon this assembly the proprietyjofgiving; to one class of our citizens greater civil | , privileges than are allowed to tjie other o classes. If this proposition prevails, one P class must be favored at (ho expense of , the others, and those thus favored become e virtually an aristocracy, tor it is hot titles which makes up an aristocracy, hut priv r ileges. Ho would deny an equality of S) rights and privileges to the printdrs, book [l binders, clock-makers, or in other words, . the mechanics of our state, on whom he e has lavished his sneers, and whom lie en. t deavors to cover with contempt. 11c t speaks of them as “birds of passage,” a “moving planets,” as devoid both of pa js triotism and of local attachment, as men ■ f without a home, who hang on society as . incumbrances, and he has placed them in r humilliating contrast with the cultivutorsj I of the soil, to which class he complacently! b tells us he belongs. a Sir, there are none who cherish a more i sincere respect for the yeomanry—than myself. I know their worth—l know . their virtues—l would give them their a full share of civil and political privileges, but I would give them no more, and if I understand their feelings! they would ask no more. I am not Certain that they 1 would ever contend sos more than an 1 equality of privileges, and 1 believe them 1 to be the last who would undertake to 1 wrest from their neighbor one title of their s right. The gentleman from Leicester has > called up his revolutionary reminiscences, • and has told us of his personal knowledge > of the patriots and heroes who composed > the glorious band of revolutionary chiefs, 1 the men who were engaged in the most r noble enterprise of modern times. But, ; sir, I can tell that gentleman that it is not 1 amongst the green hills of the county of ; Worcester that he can look for those dar : ing spirits who gave the first impulse 5 which resulted in that mighty event. In ■ two little rooms in this city were assembled i the men who devised the project ofeman ■ cipating a nation—the pioneers of the ■ American revolution were the Mechanics ; of Boston. In their meetings they delib derated on the highest objects of human concernment, a nation’s rights; and hav ing ascertained the strength of the foun -1 dation, they had no dread of the issue, 1 iand courted the conflict. I can transport the gentleman to another place—the ■ Carpenters’ Hall, in the city of Philadel i phia. In that place, on a day memorable in our annals, the Fourth day of July, . 1776, a deed was done which Ims no par . allel. On that day, in that place, was as sembled the most august political body that ever.deliberated on a nation’s des . tiny. Five men had been selected as the j elite of that assembly—the greatest . amongst the great —to prepare the man ifesto of a nation’s wrongs. Amongst ■ them was a man by the name of Benja . min Franklin, (the gentleman from Lei cester in his multifarious reading, may ; .have read of him;) a man mightly amongst ■ the sons of men, who by common consent ; stood at the head of philosophers of Amer-j] , ica and Europe, whose deep investigations i into the secrets of nature, had given him i the knowledge of her subtlest, most mys- I terious, most tremendous, most destruc- i tive agent, which he disarmed of its pow- I er. Yes, sir, he played with the forked I lightning as with a tamed snake, and yet t the elements of that marvellous wisdom ; which enlightened and astonished the 1 world, were gathered in a printers office, \ land this great man was a Printer . < There was another not the inferior ofFranklin in sagacity, but his superior in a sound practical knowledge of politics. A man whose opinion was the essence : of strong common sense, the results of the united action of a clear head and an honest heart. The name of this man ; was Roger Sherman, (the gentleman from Leicester has head of him.) This Roger Sherman wrought at the trade of a Shoemaker, many years after ho had readied the age of maturity. There was another, not a mechanic himself, but the son of a mechanic; I will take the gentleman from the room where the statesmen of America assembled, to that in which the philosophers of America , assembled. In the chair of the last he < once would have seen David Rittenhome, a Watch-maker, one of the greatest as tronomers and mathematicians of the age. I will take the gentleman a little fur ther, even into the state of South Caro lina; and as he lived in revolutionary times, he might once have heard of a gen eral who was one of the first of military men, a genius who could appropriate the benefits of his enemy’s victories to his own use, and triumph in defeat, and iwhose victories were conquests. His name was Nathaniel Green a Blacksmith , like my worthy friend from Hinsdale ; (Mr. Emmons.) He went forth from his anvil to lead armies and to win glory as a 1 hero and a patriot. 1 will now take the gentleman to Ger-, many ; and as he has disclosed to us that he is a reader of the scriptures by plenti ■ ful quotations and allusions, I will shew i him the man, without whose aid he might ' possibly have never seen a Bible. 1 mean, sir, John Faustus, a printer, and | the inventor of the art of Printing. I will now take the gentleman to Eng land, to introduce him to a person of the name of Brindley, the constructor of those ; magnificent canals, which, in the course of *2O years, tripled the wealth of England. I This man was a Mill-wright. There was another, who, by giving the steam engine its highest capacity, swelled the ; British wealth in a yet greater ratio ; his i name was James Watt, a maker of r mathematical instruments. The gentleman has told he sometimes , condescended to enter a Barber’s shop— not to hold any converse with its humble occupants, but only to receive a touch of his art, and then to depart, and, as if in disdain of the man who could pursue an employment so humble. But I can tell i the gentleman that this trade, humble as it is, was once practised by a mightv genius, who invented an improvement in the machinery of spinning cotton, which has not only laid the foundation of some of the most magnificent fortunes of Amer ica—which has not only filled our coun try with wealth, but which, like the touch of the enchanter’s wand, lias concentra ted the treasures of the world in the Island of Great Britain. 1 mean Richard Arkwright, by the courtesy of England, Sir Richard—a man who by the force of genius translated himself from a bar ber’s shop to the British Parliament, and to a place amongst the proud knights of the proudest aristocracy in the world. The genius of these three mechanics Brindley, Watt and Arkwright upheld the sinking fortunes of England, and placed her on that high eminence from which she overlooks the world. Although I may weary the gentleman from Leicester, 1 must take him to anoth er place—a little town in the centre of England called Stratford-on-Avon.— There dwelt in ancient times a man, whose name was William Shakspeare—l dare say the gentleman has heard of him, for he was a mighty spirit, whose influ ence, like that of heavenly bodies, is even now calling upon the tides of human feel ing. He was a man who has thrown the charm of genius on the lowest walks of life—surrounded the throne of mirth with new delights varied into countless ’ varieties the shades and the shapes of his j humor—given a new and graceful dignity : to the humblest of the virtues—imparted ' a blander spirit to social life—pervaded ’ the very depth of the soul with strange and wondrous powers of pathos, and im- ( j pressed upon sublimity itself a sterner j and loftier character. Yes, sir he was a mighty enchanter, who would call forth j from the invisible world a new variety j of scenes and beings, and could give to these “airy nothings” “a local habita- ' tion and a name”—the fancies of poetry, and the breathings of prophecy. And 1 yet this gifted man, whose works are familiar to Americans and Englishmen— whose magic influences is felt wheresoev- < er the language of England is read and,( [One Dollar a Year. spoken—in the far places of the world— even its extremities in the east and in the west; for though we could strike the sceptre of King George from this hand when he waved it over our regions, the throne of Shakspeare is yet amongst us as immoveable as the Alleganies. This wondrous man, whose empire is universal who has ‘ ruled like a wiz/.ard the world of the heart, And called up its sunshine and brought down i s show ers,” was a wool comber! I have in my way endeavored to fur nish the gentleman from Leicester with my historical reminiscences, from which I hope he will learn that these humble mechanics, whom he derides, have exer cised a most powerful, direct and decided influence upon the comforts, the happi ness, the morals, (lie wealth and the power ot man. That they have brought to the common stock ot'human knowledge their full proportion of useful science, invention and genius—that from their ranks have sprung warriors and statesmen, poets and philosophers. I could swell the catalogue with many more illustrious names, but I have furnish ed the gentleman with enough at present, lie may give heed to my facts if he pleases. He may call my statements “tinkling stiitf,” if it suits him; but I hope he will not again undertake to deride a class of men, who to say the least, are as respectable as any other. 1 lam sensible, Mr. Speaker, that I have been too discursive, and that much of my matter is foreign to the question ; but as the gentleman from Leicester entered up on a wide field, I thought it would be no great violation of parliamentary rule to I follow him. Rules of Conjugal & Domestic Happiness. . Be careful that custom and habit do , not lessen your attention to each other, , or the pleasing satisfaction with which they were at first, both shown and re , ceived. Whenever you perceive a languor in , your affections, always make it a rule to s suspect yourself. The object which once ■ inspired regard, may, perhaps, be still the same, and the blame only attaches to you. s Be sure to avoid unkind and irritating .language. Always conciliate. Ibis your . interest and your duty. Recollect, every i day, what God has borne with you. i Study your partner’s character and disposition. Many little nice adjustments are requisite for happiness. You must i both accommodate, or you must both be unhappy. Do not expect too much. You are not always the same : no more is your part ner. Sensibility must be watched over, or it will soon become its own tormentor. When you discover failings which you did not suspect, and this you may be as sured will be the case, think on the oppo site excellence, and make it your prayer that your regard may not be diminished. If you are heirs of the grace of life, your tailings will shortly be over; you will hereafter be perfect in the divine image. Esteem and love each other now, as you certainly will then. Forbearance is the trial ofthis life only. The Old l<'ish and the Young Ones. Temptation ; or being led into danger. A fisherman having thrown a nice bait into the water, which was fastened to a hook at the end of his line, drew it along so cunningly, that many young fish were deceived by it, and were eagerly hasten ing to get a nibble. “Stop, stop,” said an old fish, that saw them moving on so fast; “ whichever bites that worm, will be caught by the sly fisherman whom I see near the bank of the river, or, if he escape, he will be severely wounded, or perhaps he doomed all his days to wear a hook in his mouth.” “I see no fisher man,” said one of the young ones; come on, comrades, follow me. If you arc afraid, I will bite first, and shall have a good nibble before you. y So saying, he seized the hook, and instantly disappear ed from the river, and just lived long enough to repent of his folly. The >oung should always listen to the old, when they warn them against dan ger, as the old have more knowledge than the young. For want of so doing, many are burnt by going too near the fire, drowned by going into the water, and hurt still worse by joining the society of wicked children. They should, then, mind the advice which says, “My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not.” [ Western S. S. Magazine. In Mexico there are about six million of females, only two thousand of whom can write their own names!