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AUGUSTA WASHINGTONIAN. !•* & dP&MU® to IJgtrtomllitmtmll &w§r JMmE&tjfbm® Yol. II No. 26.] -- riir g©ashfrtfltontan WILL BE PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORXIXG, BY JAMES McCAFFERTV, At the low price of one dollar per annum, for a single subscriber, five collars for a club of six, or tf.x dollars tor a club of twelve sub scribers—payment, in advance. All Communications, by mail, addressed to thej publisher, must lx? post paid to receive atten tion. By the rules of the Post-Otfice Depart ment, Post masters may frank subscription l money for Newspapers. Anv ertisements witt be inserted at the follow ing reduced rates: --For one square, not ox-; cceding twelve lines, 50 cents for the first! insertion, and twenty-five cents for each con-i tinumee, if published weekly: ifsemi-monthly 37j; and if monthly 43} cents, for each con tinuance. Yearly advertisers 10 per ct. discount. j' iftsDKO SVL7 ME Pall and Winter Ploughing. As occasion may oflor through the fill] and winter, plough tip votir stiff clayey grounds, which may be destined for spring crops. But he sure never plough when the ground is wet, as when turned up in a state of mortar, it will so remain dur ing the ensuing season, and probably will receive no benefit from the breaking down influence of freezing and thawing. If you desire to derive the melioration con templated, your ground mast be in a good * condition when ploughed. Besides the improvement of texture in the soil do rived by fall and winter ploughing, much time, which is always precious in the spring, may he thereby gained at that season of business, but even this latter advantage will bo lost to the farmer, or planter, unless he see that his ground is in a proper condition when ploughed A m rriran Funner. Preserving sweet Potatoes. We copy the following method of pre serving Potatoes, from the American A grieullmists’ Almanac: “Select a dry place, level the earth, and lay a bed of dry straw so as lo form n circle of about six feet in diameter. On this straw pile up the potatoes until they form a cone four or five feet high, over which spread a little dry grass. Then cover the entire cone with corn-stalks set up endwise, with the huts resting on the ground, and the tops reaching over the apex, of a sufficient thickness to conceal all of the potatoes.—Then cover the whole pile with the earth at a depth of at' least a foot, without leaving any air-hole! at the top, as is frequently done. A small i shelter should then bo made so as to pre-i vent the rains from washing off the earth. This may be done by inserting in the ground about the pile, four forked stakes, on which raita may be placed to support the covering, which may consist of boards, bark, thatch or other substances. Pota toes can be preserved in this manner un til June, nearly as fresh as when first put up. Tail Bark and Saw-Dust as Manure. Large masses of refuse tan and saw dust are frequently accumulated and thrown away as worthless. This should never be done, as they may be made oft much use to the farmer. They are good bedding for stock, and being also excel lent non-conductors of heat, when dry. they are useful to place between the ceil-; ings of the ice-house, cellars, or other apartments, where it is desirable to pre serve a uniformity of temperature. But they are especially valuable as contribu ting to increase the stock of manure,! when used in the place of straw or other; vegetable matter, to absorb the from animals. They take up the best! parts ot the manure and retain them till demanded for the growth of plants. They possess, moreover, an intrinsic j value, in the large amount of potash they contain; especially the tan bark, from ( which it is made, containing a much great-! 1 er proportion of this valuable material < than wood. If no other mode of usino- I them be presented, they may be burnfi'i and the ashes will contribute tothenour j ishing of the land where they are appli- < ed. They should never be spread on i land without preparing as above, as they j have a tendency to sour the land, and pro- ( mote the growth of sorrel and other noxi- ; ous weeds. I AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1843. Root Grafting. This is done by a whip grafting upon! voting seedling trees of the size of a quar- i ter to an eighth of an inch, taken np, whip grafted at the root, then planted in nursery rows: or, permanently where they are to remain. It may also he done upon pieces of roots to about 3-4lhs of an i inch in diameter and less, either by lct iting the roots remain or separating, and after grafting replanting them. No com position is required ; the yarn by which the graft and root arc tied together will I not fall oft" and make room for growth. {Larger roots maybe cleft grafted, and then the composition is used. Preparation for Winter. With farmers it is important to have jail necessary preparations tor the hard j weather that is approaching. It is ns es sential to savo crops as to make them, and too often it is the case that gathering is delayed too long. Corn after maturi ty loses daily till housed. Sweet potatoes should he put away be fore frost, and Irish potatoes are liable to injury after the cold sets in. Above all ■ things, have preparations to shelter stock of every kind. Milch cows cannot be kept in good condition without protection from thti pelting storms, and they will not I give half the milk. An open shelter, with a southern expo sure, is easily constructed, and answers <an admirable purpose. Sheep should i have shelters wiiere they can escape the • coid mins, and lie down on dry places. ' Hogs are the better to have protection i from the rain. Care, however, should be ! taken that their sheds be kept free from wet straw, corn husks, or any thing that I will induce diseases of the skin. It is ‘ important that their apartments have all • the dust and litter scraped out every few i days. The secret of having stock in good con- I dttion through winter is to have them (at 1 at the start, and then commence feeding ' early, and he sure that they have regular ■ attention and are not suffered to fall oft'. jOae good animal well attended is worth more than two inferior ones neglected, j A fat, strong farm horse will do more work ! than two feeble, poor animals. Keep no | more animals than can always be in con dition, is the secret of success. ar.;l it is I to be regretted few adhere to this rule. Tenn . Agr. i Cruciform Plants. This class comprehends such garden • vegetables as the cabbage, cauliflower, i broccoli, sea kale, turnip, radish, mustard, and in fact almost every culinary article ■ except spinach.—The class derives its name from the flowers having four petals or flower-leavcs, disposed in the form of iatross, as exemplified in the wall-flower. Jlt is remarked by botanists, that not a {single species included in Ibis group is poisonous. Even that great pest, among i weeds, shcrlock, or wild radish, which be longs to the cruciform class, affords when young, most excellent and wholesome , greens. New Fashioned Plough. There is a plough on exhibition at the Institute, New York, for digging potatoes, which is represented to be capable of dig ging in a complete and clean manner, six j acres per day, or 1500 to 2000 bushels, with the same ease a single hand with the hoe will dig fifty bushels per day. The importance of this machine may be known jwhen it is considered that the potatoe jerop is of more value than the wheat crop in the U. States.— N. C. Advocate. :' i l l a i*j e o ij s , Wonderful Discovery. We extract the following paragraph from a very interesting letter of Doctor Thomas Sewall of Washington city, who is now making a journey in Europe, pub lished in the National Intelligencer. VVere it not for the highly respectable isource through which the facts here re lated, comes to us, we should be inclined to pass it by as a thing incredible.—O live Branch. “I next took the diligence for Florence, one of the most interesting cities of Ita ly. Here I found many things in my own profession particularly worthy of no- ; tice. The first is the anatomical cabinet of models in wax, the largest and most perfect in the world, exhibiting every or- ' gan and tissue of the human body in its i natural state. 2dly, the lymphatic pre- j parations made by the celebrated Mas- : can; thirdly the specimens in morbid 1 anatomy which have been accumulating i for years in the Museum of the College, 1 land lastly the petrifactions of the lament-|t ed Sagato.—That you may better under- t (stand the subject, I must give you a few t words touching the history of Sagato. i He was an ingenious Italian, who a few t years ago discovered a process by which I the human body could be converted into i stone in about two weeks time, each part I still retaining its natural structure, organ. ' izatiQn and color. I saw the leaf of a 1 centre table which was composed of the different tissue and organs of the human ibody, which Sagato had petrified and ar ranged in the form of a mosaic work, the whole of which admitted of a fine polish. I recognized several parts of the body by the color and form which entered into the composition of this table. I exam ined also, serpents, fishes, and several se parate parts of the human body thus pre served. The importance of this disco very was seen and appreciated by the medical profession, but, while the govern ment had the subject of rewarding Saga to and of purchasing his secret under consideration, he became impatient and 1 dissatisfied with so slow a movement, and ' was taken sick of a lever. While in a; ■ state of delirium he threw all the papers ' which contained an account ol the pro-; 1 ess in the fire. 1 Just before he expired became to him self. regretted the loss of his papers, and ■ made an effort to communicate the secret, ■ but he was too feeble to do so, and thus 1 was lost this important discovery about ■ four years since. In less than three weeks after Sagato’s death, proposals 1 wore received from different sources, the ' acceptance of either of which would have 1 made him independent for life. Various t efforts have been made to recover the se ■ crct, and a young physician of Italy has I discovered the method of petrifying bo ' dies but not of retaining the natural co lour.” Parrots in Africa. r In the Galloon River, and not far from . the mission station lately established on the banks of that noble stream, there is , an island, known by the name of Konig Island. Mr. Wilson lately visited this . delightful spot; from his journal tlte fol 5 lowing extract is taken : “In the vicinity of the village there is , a stupendous cotton tree, the wide spread and gigantic arms of which have served, time immemorial, as a lodging-place, not only for the parrots belonging to this part of the country, hut one might ho tempted I to believe for all in Africa. These birds ’ usually spend an hour or more in adjust ’ mg themselves in their proper places at ‘ night, during which time they keep up 5 such a loud and incessant screaming, that ' you cannot be heard anywhere in the vi cinity without raising the voice consider • ably above its ordinary pitch. At length 1 they are all quietly seated, when they 3 commence what very closely resembles a ’ musical concert; this they continue about ‘an hour longer. At regular intervals du -1 ring the night, they sing out as if they ‘ were keeping watch. The natives say that the musical concerts have been bor rowed from them; and the practice of ' keeping watch they suppose to have been , derived from vessels lying at anchor in • the river. These conjectures will not ap i pear improbable to those who arc ac , quainted with the singular aptitude of : these birds to catch and imitate the sounds jof tho human voice. They are never i molested; their powers of utterance, in ; the estimation of the African, arc so close l an approximation to human speech, that to kill and eat them would be almost equivalent to murder and cannibalism.— S. S. Advocate. Romance ot the Past, i The Hon. George Robertson of Kcn ■ tucky delivered an oration at “ Camp i Madison,” in that State, on tho last an niversary of our national independence. From its pages we clip the following pas sages relative to some of the incidents in early history of the “dark and bloody ground.” Truth is indeed “stranger than fiction.” “And in the ‘Blue Lick defeat,’ Au gust the 20th, 1782, the cormorant of death fed greedily on the flower of the first settlement. On the darkest of their gloomy days, every settler lost a friend, and nearly every family a prop. And on that bloody field, the Colonels Tod and Trigg, the chivalrous Capt. Harland, and the gallant son of Boone, lay undistin guished among the promiscuous slain, all soon mangled by devouring wolves and vultures, so as not to be recognised by their friends, who three days after the battle buried the fragments. A few of their crumbling bones, since collected by'u their countrymen, now lie exposed to the! 1 elements, in a confused pile, on the sum- c mit of the bleak and rocky plain where 1 the heroes fell. We cannot now imagine t | the grief and despondence with which the 5 I mournful intelligence of that day’s catas- 1 trophe covered the land. But the survi- i jvors, though wofully bereaved were not 1 to be discouraged or dismayed. They t were resolved never to look back or fal- 1 I ter in their first and last resolve to con-l quer the wilderness or die in the attempt. < Israel's (rod stood by and sustained the i noble and forlorn band; for their cause was Ilis. On the long roll of that day’s I reported slain were the names of a fewji who had in fact been captured, and, after i surviving the ordeal of the gauntlet, had ; been permitted to live as captives—had been taken by a tribe, painted black as ' the signal of torture and death to all. “The night after the battle, these . twelve prisoners were stripped and placed in a line on a log—he to whom we have | especially alluded being atone extremity |of the devoted row. The cruel captors, i then, begining at the other end, slaugh tered eleven, one by one ; but, when they .Icame to the only survivor, though they raised him up also, and drew their bloody . knives to strike under each uplifted arm, 1 they paused, and, after a long pow-wow, , spared his life, why, he never knew. For * about one year, none of his friends, ex i cepting his faithful wife, doubted his ; death. She, hoping against reason, still > insisted that he lived, and would return to : her. Wooed by another, she from time > to time postponed the nuptials, declaring , that she could not divest herself of the beliet that her husband survived. Her j expostulating friends finally succeeded in . their etforts to stifle her affectionate in . stinct, she reluctantly yielded, and the nuptial day was fixed. But just before it dawned, the crack of a rifle was heard near the lonely cabin: at the familiar 1 sound, she leaped out, like a liberated 1 fawn, ejaculated, as she sprang, ‘ that's ' John sgun!’ It was John’s gun, sure ' enough; and, in an instant, she was once * more in her lost husband’s arms. But ; nine years afterwards, that same husband fell in ‘St. Clair’s defeat;’ and the same ‘j disappointed but persevering lover renew ed his suit, and, at last, the widow became ’ liis wife. The scene of these romantic ! incidents was in gun-shot of my natal 1 homestead ; and with that noble wife and ' matron I was myself well acquainted.” s Sir Walter Scott. t The sad history of the noble hut fatal > efforts of Sir Walter Scott to pay off, by l the product of his glorious brain, the - mercantile debt he had incurred as a part - ncr with his publishers, though not new, ijis touchingly presented in a recent letter yof Mr. Weed to the Albany Evening i Journal. t Sir Walter labored with indomitable - energy to extinguish a debt, from the y coinage of his brain, of more than £300,- i 000, for which he had become liable by - his business relations with Constable f Co., and Ballantyne & Co. But the la i hour was two severe even for his Ilercu ) lean mental and physical powers. There - were admonitions of the fate which a - waited him as early as 182(5, as may be t seen by a note in his private Journal:— s “ March 14.—What a detestable feel r ing this fluttering of the heart is! I know i it is nothing organic, and that it is entire e ly nervous, hut the effects of it are siek t eningto a degree. It is the body brings t it on the mind, or is it the mind that in - flicts it on the body?” The result of Sir Walter’s literary la bors, from January, 1828, was a dividend of six shillings sterling on the pound to - his creditors, amounting in the aggregate »to £40,000 or 8200,000 ! What other - ever did or ever will realize such another . sum, from his own intellectual labors ? For this illustrious demonstration of ire i nius, industry and integrity, the credit ors, as well they might, “unanimously • voted him their thanks.” After this divi dend had been made, his private journal ■ says — “1 see before me a long, tedious, and • dark path, but it leads to stainless repu tation. If I die in the harness, as is very likely, I shall die with honor. If 1 achieve my task, I shall have the thanks of all concerned, and the approbation of j my own conscience.” But human faculties, though with all (the strength and tenacity of iron and steel, may be over tasked, as were those with which nature endowed Sir Walter Scott, some of the rapacious creditors who made merchandize of his brain, to' [One Dollar a Year. use his own burning figure, ‘treated him like a recusant turnspit, and put a red hct cinder into the wheel along with me. : * And finally, the “feather which breaks the camel’s back” having been added to Sir Walter’s burthen, he was struck down by paralysis, and after lingefing a few months was gathered to his fathers.— How painfully sublime to the sorrowing friends who surrounded him, must have been the breaking of that athletic frame, the quenching of that towering spirit, the going out of that “light which no Prome thean spark can relume!” We following Sir Walter from Abbots ford, the theatre of his glorious achieve ments, to Dryburgh whose ruined Abbey !is hallowed by his dust. How appropri ately chosen for the final repose of such precious remains! What monument so fitting and expressive as the crumbling walls, and lofty, but silent towers of an ancient Scottish Abbey! Dust to dust! Ashes to ashes! Ruin ruin ! The copyright of the Waverly Novels has extinguished much of the debt since the author’s death, and will, should Par liament extend the laws protecting this species of property, ultimately wipe out the entire amount. Names and Realities. , A work has been recently published in ■ Paris entitled “Slavery and Liberty—the existence of man and of society in harmo sny with the laws of the Universe.” The I following passage is taken from it: ) “ Slavery’s great fault is in the name. ■ In I' ranee and in England, workmen and ; house servants arc more unfortunate, ! more dependent, than any negro slave. • I resided more than eight years in the i slave section of the United States. I . have compared the condition of the slaves ; in those States, and in the West Indies, > with that.of the workmen of Lile, Ly -1 ons, Rouen, Amiens, St. Guentiene, and • Troyes. I beheld the misery of the lat -1 ter, their known dependence, and despite . my prejudices against slavery, I was soon I convinced, that as regarded its bearing ■;on the physical constitution, material t happiness, development of intelligence, 1 tranquility of mind, and perfection of the ; arts—slavery was preferable, and would - produce far superior results to any afford -3 ed by the pretended liberty of French or : English workmen.” 1 I his is the view of an observer who j appears to bo an intelligent man. Wo give it for what it is worth, and in the be lief that it may suggest reflections on the subject referred to—-apart from the influ ' ence ot names and 1 * prejudices operating t cither way upon the mind. 5 The pretended liberty of French or - English workmen is—what? Look at » them, not as men, but as parts of the ma r chinery of human life and action, and let 1 any one say in what their liberty consists. Can they detach themselves from the so ? cial structure wherein they are fixed and 2 from their position in which they are com - polled to bear the chief pressure of tho > whole fabric ? They have the freedom 1 of Working for a scanty sustenance— - provided any one will give them employ - ment ; and when the poor wages, earned e with much toil, are paid, what further ob • ligation is there on the employer to waste B one thought upon the piece of human - machinery which was lately in his ser - vice I —W hen no employment is to be v had, the freedom of the workhouse or li berty to starve, is the privilege of the - English labourer. It is hard to conceive s of a system of servitude more surely and - inevitably adapted to the destruction of human sympathies than this system of - British servitude by which an entire class 1 are made to traffic away their labor, their 3 freedom, their all, upon terms prescribed 2 by others, their superiors.— Balt. Amer. , Catholic Bishops. ? Eight new Bishops have been appoint . ed at Rome for the United States.—Tho . Rev. Dr. Reynolds fills the place of the late Bishop England, Rev. Mr. Quarters .is Bishop of Chicago. Rev. Andrew I Byrne is Bishop of Arkansas. Rev. Mr. McCluskey is Coadjutor Bishop of New i York. The three last are now of New York city. Rev. Wm. Tyler is Bishop ; of the new See, Hartford, Connecticut. Rev. John Fitzpatrick Coadjutor Bishop of Boston. These gentlemen are of Bos ton. Among all the multitudes of idle and vicious persons that go at large, Sabbath breakers, gamblers, thieves, highway rot* bers, and murderers —few, comparative* ly very few, can be found who do not hab itually use intoxicating liquors.— Organ *