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Jib t W W Jm wm vV t&. .-.v-"'- Ajtj Ijygf E t Sfr U J&s«E®wei» I Vol. II No. 28.] Cfic Sgj&faatoiifoit j "WILL BE PUBLISHED EVERY -SATURDAY morning, by JAMES McCAFPERTY, At the low price ot* one dh.hr p.-r annum, for a single subscriber, five dollars for a club of six, or tex dollars for a club of twelve sub-! § scribers— payment, in advance. All Communications, by mail, aililressed to the publisher, must he past paid to receive atten tion. By the rules of the Post-Office Depart ment, Post masters may fraNk subscription t money for Newspapers. DVERTisF.IISNTS will b ■ inserted at the follow ing reduced rates: —For one square, not ex ceeding twelve lines. 50 cents for the first insertion, and twenty-five cents for each con-' linu i nee, if published weekly; if semi-monthly 3*4; and if monthly 43 J cents, for each con tinuance. early advertisers 10 per ct. discount. ■ .-#sSS' r? ■ A®sU 013 L~f ill) R£. Traiisplaning Fruit Trees. Mr. Editor, —I am very desirous of transplanting some fruit trees into an or chard. this autumn or in the spring. My land is warm and rather dry. In the works which I have read on the subject, it is recommended to use plenty of rich loam ; but this is an article of which 1 have but little to spare, i have, however plenty of fine peat and pond mud. Now I wish to inquire whether these will be igood substitutes for loam, and how I can prepare them for use this autumn or in the spring. Make some suggestions in your next paper. C. Uxbridge, Ocl. I t, 184:1. We shoul 1 not recommend our corres pondent to U 33 peat or meadow mud as a substitute for lontn in its crude state, as we think it would have a deleterious ef fect, instead o’ a good one. If he has a compost of one-third good manure and t«vn-thirds peat or mud, well decomposed, mixed with an equal proportion of any good soil, he may apply it to the roots of his trees with good success. Or it will j do very well to use nothing hut the sur face of the surrounding soil. Tiie hole for the trees should not be dug more than afoot deep; ths bottom soil should he thrown out and spread, and the hole filled in with a little soil, say two or three in ches deep—and after cutting off the top root and all wounded and straggling ones with a sharp knife, the tree should be put in its place, throwing in the earth lightly, and at the same time arranging the small fibres and roots, and giving a little mo tion to the tree up and down, that every crevice may bo tilled up. If ilia tree is planted too deep, it will not do well. We have seen an orchard, part of which was .planted on the surface with scarcely any digging—the soil having been brought to the trees. This was on rather low ground, and the trees have succeeded remarkably well. The remainder of this orchard was planted very near the surface, and has done finely. We planted more than a thousand trees last spring: with part of them we used rotten manure freely mix-d with, loam, and a part of them we set with the! soil alone Those with the soil had the! advantage of being planted a fortnight earlier, and have made a line growth, notwithstanding the very unfavorable sea son, and appear now to bettor advantage j than those where manure was used. No doubt the manure and the dry season did not agree; we have, however, lost but very few of them. It was our former practiec to secure The tree by driving down a stake and fas- I* ning the tree to it—but we have long; nee condemned that practice as a great usance, as the tree will oftentimes get idly injured by its rubbing against the ake. It is often asked, when is the best time 1 set out trees—in the autumn or spring ?! n some accounts we prefer the autumn,! id recommend fail planting for the ap e, pear, plum, and ail hardy trees, hav g been as successful ourselves when we anted in the fall as in the spring. A tie more caution, however, is necessa in some particulars, than when the ees are set out in the spring. If then,j' e ground is in readiness, we should 1 ant in the fall. If the ground has been i ell manured, and a crop of roots has i en taken off, we consider it in a fit state ’ set out trees, more especially if the I subsoil plow has been used. In gardens#! of choice fruit, the ground should be r trenched two spades deep. Another reason why we advise fall planting, is because the earlier in the ■. spring the tree is planted after the grounds jis open, the sooner it will lie prepared to! I throw out new fibres from the roots, and’ ‘iconsequently will break sooner into life and vigor; and as many grounds cannot. , be conveniently worked in early spring, it is better to have the tree in its place ini ' the fall? provided it will not receive inju t ry from the severity of the winter. That the trees may not suffer by the; frost, we are careful that earth should be ; brought up round it a number of inches! jin the depth, so that water may not settle; ■jin among the roots, and a few inches of; ;sea-weed or coarse litter thrown around it, which with the extra earth, must be j taken off in the spring. If straw or any ’other covering is put up close to the butt,; the mice will sometimes injure the tree :] to prevent that, we do not let the protec-j jtivc covering touch the tree, but fill up the; space with a shovelfull of soil. As soon as the leaves begin to fall, the “ trees may be transplanted, and the work be continued as the ground remains open. New England Farmer. - MSgiELLAINimiIS. i :rr-r-.T . ■ . .. I ■■ 1 > George and John Evans. OR A STORV OX SLAVERY. h NO. I. I Some fifty years ago (here was an old man in England, engaged in ihc Iron and i Coal business. Ho had two young sons, e* one named George and the other John. i lie told them that it was high time for i them to be looking about for some occu i nation for themselves. George said lie being the oldest, had the first choice, and he would remain at home and follow the - same trade of his fallier. John said as i that was the case, he should like to go to > ;he new country, turn Vankee, and try - his fortune in America —and thus it was l arranged. John accordingly took pas ? sage to Charleston, S. C., and George re !, rnained homo till his father died, and then . took up the regular business his father i had lollowcd in Wales, viz: mining coal ' and iron. A few years since these bro • thers interchanged visits—that is, George first came over to America and visited his i brother John on his plantation—and af ' ter a few weeks sojourning, John accom i panied his brother George back to Eng - land, and spent as many weeks with him > m Wales. Both had accumulated large fortunes in tiicir respective pursuits. i John owned an excellent plantation, and j one hundred and fifty-three negro slaves lion it, —and George owned some very pro ductive coal mines and iron works, and Memployed about five hundred persons or •freemen" in them. Just before he left i England to visit his brother John in So. *iCarolina, lie had become a violent parti san in favor of Abolition, and had writ ten his brother some very severe letters ,|on the subject, and sent him sundry tracts —and in fact told him that his leading I motive in visiting America was to induce I; him to abandon the “ horrible traffic" and ’send all his negroes back to Africa. ! On reaching John’s Plantation, how :lever, he had scarcely finished the usual when ho said—‘•John—John, : my dear brother, how much happier you p would be and 1 would be, if instead of your owning human beings—you were , surrrounded as we are in England by i r 55 ° J ■ -freemen . “Wait, brother,” said Johu, “ til! after >|you have been with us a short time and .then we will discuss this subject.” Du : ring this visit George amused himself in j visiting every-part of the plantation; he made himself acquainted with every ne gro oil it. Some had been imported ; , others were born there; some were old and infirm and did nothing, and others who were able to work had each his task, ! according to bis or her ability. Every ! family had a separate house of their own and made quite a village near the plan tation house. What struck George as a very remarkable fact, that every negro who chose to do so had a little field of i his own, which he cultivated for himself ; j after his task was done—and this task . was such that with very common indus- < try it was finished before half the day 1 was over. Another curious fact which the Abolition Society had forgotten to no- t lice, tiie master of these slaves never ] thought of raising his own poultry or fur- I nishing his own eggs, or honey, or rare vegetables, but preferred buying ail these a from his own slaves; or if he did not re- r AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 16. 1813. ■ quire as much as they raised, they were allowed tff send them to the markets to gether with their otner productions : nno’ whatever the master bought of his slaves they took care to make him pay cash down and the highest price. These slaves were all comfortably clad and looked happy and contented. Seve ral of them had fiddles, and they would all dance on a moonlight evening—and then the repeated shouts of laughter that ;would come from the vicinity of “ the hills" —would fill the air with north, so (much so at times that George would sav lo his brother John—“ it is very remark able that these very black people, and all ; slaves too, should laugh so loud and so long—just hear that fellow now with his “baugh ha—ha—he—ha—tie—ha—he— ha—ha—ha.” How very odd ! ! ! “Why Uncle,” said a little nephew of j George, don’t your people laugh too ? 1 “Not quite so loud, my little boy” an jswered George—“ in fact our people need jnot if they could, for some of them are very deep in the earth digging Coal and jothers are in the Iron Works where the 'noise is too great, and then again free men don’t laugh unless there is something to laugh about.” “Well then I guess,” jsaid the little Yankee, “your people don’t ? ’see much to laugh about, for “our boys” j laugh in the field, they laugh in their huts —they laugh in and then when their work is done and they get at play— O how they do laugh.” George employed his time, as before I'said, during his visit, in carefully exam pining into tiie whole arrangement of hit brother’s plantation—and was particular ly struck with the comfortable condition r of the old and infirm, who were unable to . do any work, but who were comfortably , clothed and housed and well taken care | of—ns much so as if they had worked. . When the period of his departure came, , and John the planter was all packed up > to accompany his brother George (the I • ron master,) back to England—a scene j occurred as remarkable as it was pone . tr.iting—every negro on the plantation . had come to the house to take leave ol , “ massa ;” and such a howling among the . younger ones, and expressions of sincere ] j grief on the part of the older ones, was . truly distressing. “Massage away obei > de sea—ho no come back for long time, 5 and if massa get drown’d, lie nebercomo . back—o, O, O”—end so the lamentation passed round in the group, till the two . brothers were out of sight. , “ Well George,” says John—“that was . a trying scene ; but if you were to be present when 1 return, it would gladden | your heart—for there will be the same . grouping, and such a display of ivory and . hearty congratulations. Now, if by my I departing from them for a brief period only, they discover so much grief—what would he the scene were Ito tell them they must all leave me and go to Africa and never see me again? George was a littic puzzled for an an : swer, and confined himself to the usual English expression, “how very odd !” As the brothers proceeded on their journey, John related to George, many interesting ; events and occurrences, in and about the life of a plantation, with his slaves—how . that for some reasons, by reason of frost and by a low state of market, the pro ductions of the plantation would not a . mount to enough to buy a jacket for a negro—but this made no difference lo them, they would all get their usual sup ply. And when they got old, or infirm, or sickly, it made no difference to them on the score of being taken care of— there were no asylums, no poor houses, — every planter is expected to take care of his own paupers. “Still this is slavery,” says George. “ If these negroes were only freemen. like our workmen in Wales, it would all he very well.” “ But are your workmen freemen ?” replied John ; “Are they not slaves to their commonest wants —and are those wants better supplied by their em ployers than I supply my negroes—are Jieir hopes of bettering their condition superior to those of my negroes? Does the parent feel that if death or infirmity arrests the power of labor, that his wife and children, unless they are able to work and earn their wages, will be taken care of at your expense, without going to the hospital or poor house ?” , George was puzzled again—he began to see a little into the practical phyloso phy of the questiou—and shaking his head, said, “ How very odd !” They arrived together at Liverpool, and immediately proceeded to George’s residence in Wales, the old Patrimonial ;j Estate of the Evans’ of Mathyer dcr E • lyih, in the midst of mines and forges— Lit was almost a new scene to John, he > had been so long absent, but having !>e i come something of a Yankee by his long ;residence in America, he was very curi ] ous and evaminaiice. The result of his .'curiosity and examination will form the! I subject of inv next communication. l| “ • „j Lexington is thronged at this time with spectators anxious to hear the Debate go .ling on between A. Campbell and N. L. J Mice. The propositions to be argued, as i we heretofore announced, arc : r Ist, The immersion in water of a pro s per subject, into the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, is the one,! only apostolic or Christian Baptism. Mr. j j. Campbell afinas —Mr. Bice denies. \ 2d. The infant of a believing parent ] ’ is a scriptural subject of baptism. Mr. j Iliee /firms —Mr. Campbell denies. 13d. Christian Baptism is for the re ,!mission of past sins. Mr. Campbell af firms—Mr. Rice denies. 4th. Baptism is to bo administered on jjly by a bisbf.p or ordained presbyter. Mr. r, Rico affirms —Mr. Campbell denies. ■ sth. In conversion and sanctification, „ the Spirit of God operates on persons through the word cf truth. Mr. Carnp ' bell affirms —Mr. Rice denies. ; 6th. Human creeds, as bonds of union land communion, are necessarily heretical jand schismatical. Mr. Campbell affirms ' i—Mr. Rice denies. '' Henry Clay, Judge Robertson, and h Col. Speed Smith, act as Moderators. Lexington, Ky., Nov. 15, 1846. II This being the appointed time for a ° commencement of the long conteinpla ' ted discussion between Mr. Alexander 1 Campbell and Rev. N. L. llice, the va rious avenues leading to Lexington have, ’ for the last 48 hours, exhibited ample evi f deuce of the wide spread interest felt in the cause. • ! Steamboats, stages, railroad cars, and '" vehicles of every variety, were crowded "jwith zealous partisans, lovers of excite ’‘;mcnt, lovers of debate, and lovers of con* ' diet, whether of body or of mind—all 1 ! rushing to the scene, eager to secure good h lodgings, and good places to see and be seen. ’ On onr arrival last evening, the town ' was alive with strangers from various " parts and states of the Union, near to the 0 distance of a thousand miles. Having secured an eligible nook in ' the very excellent Hotel kept by Mr. 1 Brennan, we awaited with what we con ri ceived a becoming composure, the arriv '* al of the appointed hour—though so deep ! wasthe anxiety of many, that the church j | selected for the occasion, viz : the Re formed Christian or Campbellite Baptist,! was well nigh filled by half past 8 o’- 1 clock ; and long before 10, it was a per -1 feet jam, in some respects, not unlike the late “Adams Tea Party” at Cincinnati,j " of which you have doubtless some recol-! 1 lection. s At 11 o’clock, the lion. Henry Clay ’ rose and remarked that the object for! which the present assembly had conven- R ed, was undoubtedly known to every per ' son present. He understood that the 1 gentlemen who were to discuss the high ly interesting topics set forth in their pro " gramme, were now prepared to proceed 1 with the discussion. Before they did so, 3 however, he would remark, that on an oe " casion so grave and interesting, it would he proper to preserve the most perfect or -1 ;Jer, arid to give an undivided attention " during the whole progress of the debate, ~ and in accordance with the usage upon! 1 such occasions, some clergyman present would invoke the blessing of Heaven. The Rev. Mr. Bulloch then offered up •ja brief and appropriate prayer, after! ' j which the discussion was immediately 1 1 commenced —.Mr. Campbell having the! t first hour and Mr. Rice the second—as -2 ter which they alternated at the close of, - every half hour, till the expiration of the! 2 lime proposed for adjournment, viz: two 1 o’clock ; making a debate of 4 hours. 'i Chinese Tools and Chinese Mechanics. Though their iron work is not good, j ; yet their tools, such as chisels, planes, j : axes, &e., are excellent, and kept very | sharp. They make use of the circular ] instead of the hand-saw. They have aj saw for particularly tine work, which, if t we had not seen them using, we should c have imagined the work had been done with a chisel. The blade of it consists merely of a single piece of brass wire 1 jagged with a sharp instrument. The h pattern to be carved is placed on the wood,’r [One Dollar a Year. land a hole is bored in it through which ■ the wire is passed and made fast to the i handle, which is kept outside the wood ; the drawing is then cut out w ith the great est care and accuracy. For all rough work, they make use of p. small sort of axe, slightly rounded on one side. This answers the purpose of an adze. In I peaceful times, the streets of a Chinese | city must present a very fine appearance, (from the way the front side-boards are painted and gilded.—The insides of the (shops are protected from the sun by jscreens extending across the streets, sup ported from the roofof the house. These (are either of matting, or, in order to ad mit the light, are of oyster-shells scraped fine, set in frames like panes of glass. Wo set a great many tailors to work for us, who made things very well if they had a good pattern ; but it is necessary to be 'careful that there was no defect or patch • in it, fur they copied exactly as they saw !the article before them. Our gloves puz 'zied them most. Their first attempts to ■'imitate them produced most absurd look ing things; but, as we were not very • particular about our jicrsonal appearance, ■ they answered the purpose of keeping our hands warm, being lined with fur. Only i one man succeeded in turning out a pair s at all resembling English gloves. They • were almost the only trades-peopie who did not desert the city, and they had al ways plenty to do.— Lieut. Murray's Do ! tugs in China. s " “Captain, 1 believe I’ll go Ashore.” 1 A curious specimen of humanity hailed the vessel from the shore, and a boat was immediately despatched to attend the i stranger’s call. On touching the shore, - our friend the Yankee Pedlar, introduced r himself as Mr. Jonathan Doolittle, “born ■ at Cape Cod, all along shore” where he , had “left two as bouncing gals as ever ■ rode a horse to water, or scaled a seven i foot wall,” said he had been for some time engaged in purchasing peltires of the 1 aborigines, and had a large quantity a few i miles above the harber, (La Point) which -! ho wished to ship for the Sault. While - the crew are engaged in stowing away I Mr. Doolittle’s “Injuntraps,”and “Plun i dor,” as he classically styled his furs and ‘ baggage, we will take a glance at his per son. His hair hung or stood straight out :! like the bristles of a hog going to war, > and bearing every appearance of a liber “ al use of “ taller”—half concealed by a coon skin cap. Ilis countenance was i long, with a melo-dramatic expression, combined with shrewdness : his nose re sembled a carroty beet, with air holes, stuck on his face—whether ibr ornament ' lor use, deponent saith not. His faded ijjeans coat, half-tanned deer-skin pants •and leggins, completed his equipment; we omit a case knife and tin cup fasten ed by a leather girdle to his back. Well, (to go on with the story. The brig was (soon under way—moving slowly over the , [glistening waves like a duck, dipping her | prow deep in the liquid spray, or soaring (towards the blue heavens. But night came, and a change also —a storm arose, which soon ended in a complete hurri cane. Every stitch of canvass was ta ken in, and under bare poles, vve bore out further oil the lake to avoid ship-wreck. • Our yankee pedlar remained on deck but ■la few moments, and then retired to the i!cabin. The brig was now some fifteen , miles from shore, the wind was blowing tremendously. The danger was im- I minent—fear was legibly inscribed on ■ every man’s face. In a few minutes i our hero came on deck, with his “plun , der” snugly packed and strapped to his i back. Walking up to the captain, his : face as long as a yard stick ho laid his hand heavily on his shoulder, and with all i the gravity of a philosopher remarked— • “ Captain Ib'iive I’ll go ashore." — Green ’ Bay Republican. Rival Stagers. Dr. Arne was once asked by two vo calists of Covent Garden Theatre, to de cide which of them sung the best. Tho |day being appointed both parties exerted (themselves to the utmost, and when they had finished, the Doctor addressing the • first, said, ‘As for you, sir, you are the 'worst singer I ever heard in my life.’ Ah ! ha !’ said the other, exultingly, ‘I knew I should win my wager.’ ‘Stop, sir,’ says the Doctor. ‘1 have a word to say to you before you go ; —as for you, sir, you you cannot sing at all /’ A Patent Lever. — Is vour watch a lever? Leaver! yes, I have to leave her at the watchmaker’s once a week for repairs.