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Officers Aususta \V. T. A Society.
Dr. JOS. A. EVE, President.
Dr. DANIEL HOOK, )
Rev. WM. J. HARD, > Vice Presidents
HAWKINS HUFF, Esq. )
WM. HAINES, Jr. Secretary.
L. D. LALLERSTEDT, Treasurer.
MANAGERS
James Harper, | Rev. C. S. Dod,
John G. Dunlap, E. E. Scofield,
John Milledge, | James Godby,
TIHII
Disease of Wheat; Preventive Measures.
In his excellent report, (says the Ame
rican Farmer,) as Commissioner of Pa
tents, Mr. Ellsworth alludes to thajnethods
of preventing the disease and at tacks to
which the wheat crop is exposed. He
says that the time when the field is struck
with rust, seems to be just at thb time of
ripening. A remarkable fact on this sub
ject is stated in a report to the Now Jer
sey Agricultural Society. An extraordi
nary field of wheat, supposed to be out of
danger, on a hot day became drenched
by a sudden shower, which came on be
tween 1 and 3 o’clock, P. M. All was
still; and on the passing away of the
shower, the sun came out intensely hot.
The owner went into his field to examine
his wheat, which he found much pressed
down by the shower; he immediately
perceived a continued ticking, or snap
ping noise in every direction. The straw
was fine and bright; but, on examining
it, he found it bursting in short slits one
quarter of an inch long, and the sap exq
ding from it.
A day or two after, the whole field was
darkened with rust, and the wheat nearly
ruined. Another instance of the same
kind is also related. The conclusion
stated is : that the loss of the sap, run
ning out and becoming dried on the straw,
occasioned the rust. The ancient Greeks
and Romans attributed rust to the effect
of the weather on the grain, as has been
i mentioned above, and had a prayer to
the supposed Rubigo for warding off the
disease.
He says that, to avoid the fly, manur
ing high at seed-time and sowing late,
were resorted to. The best means of
prevention are—first, a good, dry, loamy
soil, well prepared by cultivation, and not
too recently manured. Secondly, cover
the seed about two inches deep, cither
with drill or plow, that it may have
good hold of the soil, and not be thrown
out by winter frost. Alluding to the va
rious expedients to protect wheat from
smut, he says:
“One directs the wheat, after being
thoroughly washed, to be soaked 10 or 12
hours in salt and water, as strong as it
can be made. It is further said that no
injury will result if it lies in the brine
for several days, provided it can be in a
cool place. After thus soaking it, let it
be limed. Another person recommends
that the seeds, when placed in the brine,
being stirred up thoroughly, so that the
light seed 3 may rise to the surface, and*
be skimmed off; afterwards, that the
brine be drained into a tub, and the seed
be thinly spread on the floor, and sifted
with quick-lime, at the rate of one gallon
to the bushel; and, after carefully stir
ring the lime through the seed a few
times, it is allowed to remain a few hours,
and then sown. The seed which under
went the perfect cleaning gave a return
of pure wheat—and that which was sown
in its natqfejil state was infected with
smut, and nad a mixture also of chess.
“ In a Northumberland report on Agri
culture, it is stated that Mr. Culley, who
grew annually from 400 to 600 acres of
wheat, had but one instance of smut in
40 years, and this was when the wheat
was not steeped. Another experiment
on seed, in which were a few balls of
smut—one third being steeped in cham
ber ley, and limed; one third being,;
steeped in the same and not limed, and
the remainder without steeping or liming,
and the result was that the seed pick'ed
and limed, and that pickled and not limed,
were free from smut, but the other had
smutty ears in abundance. Another ex
periment was tried, by taking a peci; of
very smutty wheat of which one half was
sown in its natural state, the other half <
washed as clean as possible, in three wa- i
ters, soaked two hours in brine stirong
enough to bear, an .egg, and dashed with H
lime; the result was, two thirds of the i
unwashed was smutty, hut of the pickled i
and limed seed there was a -full crop, |
Without a single ear. of smut. A similar !
experiment, somewhat varied, is th< fol- ’
lowing:—Of four sacks of smutty wheat, <
one was soaked in strong brine only; one <
AUGUSTA WAiINGTONIAN,
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A WEEKLY PAPER: DEVOTED TO TEMPEtANCE, A Rl<k T URE, & MISCELLANEOUS READINGS.
1 Vol. III.]
prepared with lime only; one was soak
ed in strong brine, and then lay in lime
all night; and the fourth was sown with
out anything: the result was, where
brine only was used, now and then there
was a smutty ear, but not many ; where
lime only was used, there was about the
same quantity of smut; w-here lime and |
brine were used, not a single smutty ear !
could lie found ; and where nothing was
used, it was a mass of smut. In another
experiment, however, mentioned in the
Southern Planter, wheat salted at the
rate of a quart of salt to a bushel suc
ceeded effectually in preventing smut.
To Preserve Graiu.
The Paisley Advocate says: “We do
not know whether or not the following
plan has bein adopted by many farmers,
but there can be no harm in calling their
attention to .he circumstance. A farmer
in this neighborhood has for some time
past put garl c in the bottom of his grain
stacks, anti since he has adopted that
plan, has never been troubled with ver
min. Before Adopting this plan, on taking
down a stack of grain, the assistants no
ver killed less than from fifteen to twenty
rats, and above one hundred mice. This
is a very simple, cheap, and effective me
thod of preserving grain in stacks.
■ ■ - •■z.-;-
may sometime be poor. HistoryXertl
an ancient conqueror, who having hi
•nessed several kings to his triumpl
chariot, noticed one of them frequen
dooking back, and narrowly watching!
kvheel. The conquer asked him whyj
Hid so. I was thinking, said he, 1|
quick the top of that wheel would cl
(Jown into the dust, and the part im
clown, would be on the top. The ci
querer unharnessed him. llich men! ||
member the wheel. 1
I Riches. —Nothing is so futile as fl
c|ase after wealth. If it be obtaim]
hdw often does it take wings and f
away ? The vacuum it leaves in i
mind is more painful than the enjoym<
' wjis ever pleasing. *And when dei
cqmes, that is always the end of <
riches, except that they furnish bones
hungry heirs to quarrel over. If one
d« arous to provide for a child, how mi
be titer to lay up stores in his mind a
hefert. These can never be taken awi
anjl they cling to the spirit when it lea'
th« earth. —Social Monitor.
1 farmer’s wife, speaking of the a
neik intelligence, and smartness of
a lad six years old, to a lady
said ; “ He can read fluen
in any p ar t of the Bible, repeat the wh
catAhism, and weed onions as well !
his father.”
“fifes, mother,” added the young hos
ful, land yesterday, I licked Ned Ra
son.lthrowed the cat in the well, a
stolefOld Hinckley’s gimblet!”
Ajßold Fellow. —Frederick the Gre
afterja very terrible engagement, ask
his ofecers, “ Who behaved most intri
idly Airing the contest?” The pref
ence Was unanimously given to hims<
“ You are all mistaken,” replied the kit
“the feoldest fellow was a fifer, whon
passeAtwentv times during the engaj
meht.knd he did not cease or vary a ni
the wAule time.”
Tonmto Catsup. —To a gallon skimt
tomatois add 4 tabfespoonfuls of salt
do. bladk pepper, half a spoonful allspii
8 red ptppers, and 2 spoonfuls musta
All thi*a ingredients must be grovi
fine, and simmered slowly in sharp vij
gar for 3or 4 hours. As much vinei
i? | ( o beiused as to leave half a
liquor wjen the process is over. Stra^
SA Human Pavement.
Cairo, March 30.
bme difficulty in gaining, and '
afterwi j n retaining, my place among
the firsts of spectators at the Doseh,
of the Ishekia where the
Sheika L over the human pavement
that is ad for him every year on this
day, Ma 30th, in honor of the birth
day of tlj-ophet.
Thil exhibition takes
neap door of the house of the
Sheikh, ah southern extremity of the
square, cj the Isbekia, where that
part of tha ces3 j on which precedes the
Sheikh hai arr i V ed, those of the'crowd
who feel tloj veg j nS pj re d by the fan
cied solemlopthe occasion, or by the
example of men, whose violent
r- =====
AUGUSTA,GA. AUG ST24, 1844.
gestures aid hoarse vo feratlis, ac
companies by the noise c drum termi
nate for atiine on the dus plain Here
they thro* themselves do n as \ose as
possible t each other, wlii s cqrtal men,
of the househol oi the teikh,
set town arranging then pnllin.jome
by the 1< «, and others bj the sho|ers,
in orderp keep the heads if t|iesc| ros .
trated veunteers as inuc in a lfe as
possible. These necessai r prepares
were scacely completed, hen ,a g, n a.
ing at th northern extren ty of th line
announce! the arrival of tl Sheikhtvho
in a fewtiinutes made h appear.ee,
on the hrt of the pave lent h®i toll
which I food, preceded 1 r a man ljr-1
ing a flrj. The Sheikh vis seated ,a 1
small hick horse, that wr hurried cer
the baci of the unfortuute nen i a
quick wlk by two grooms who Reid jo
horse’s ead. My view <F the
was so lomentarv that I id notice hr
face, wjch must have
coverei jiy a large green iiavvl 1 ware
over hbturban and about Ms r- <1 Jjjfg
sooner ad the S!rf kh pasiiKi, th*. thy
of the lost re cd mi Ala
so, gotip. idle ©t . ,by
their f iu* hi tin or • ,j rrt g^d
awe . heir eyes
1' sttHjd, whether
irom a .. horse, or
I jsviui which u Bust neces
r,-'. follow tfio violonl gesticulations
jfhieh this reli
| gi6us«frcmofiv a distinguished, I cannot
i! sayfror none spoke,'lmd none would ac-
I! knowledge to nny hurt to their sacred
| persons from the iron shoe of the horse.
The crowd soon dispersed ; many joined
in the large circle of bawlers that were
formed near the spot, and for some dis
tance along that side of the square.
Scene after Itattle.
From an account written by a clergy
man of what he witnessed just after the
battle of Solder, we quote a pretty fair
specimen of what war is :
“At one o’clock,” says he, “the can
nonading ceased, and l went on foot to
Solden, in order to learn to whose advan
tage the battle had turned. Towards
evening, seven hundred of the Russian
fugitives came to Solden, a pitiful sight
indeed—some holding up their hands
cursing and swearing—others praying,
praising the King of Prussia—without
hats, without clothes—some on foot, oth
ers two on a horse, with their heads and
arms tied up—some dragging along by
the stirrups, and others by the horses
tails.
“ When the battle was decided, and
victory was shouted for the Prussian Ar
my, I ventured to the place where the
cannonading was. After walking some
way, a Cossack’s horse came running full
speed towards me. I mounted him, and
on my way for seven miles and a half on
tljis side the field of battle, I found the
dead and wounded lying on the ground,
sadly cut to pieces. The farther I ad
vanced, the more these poor creatures lay
heaped upon one another.
“ The scene I never shall forget. The
Cossack’s as sodn as they saw me, cried
out, ‘dear sir, water! water! water!’
Righteous God, what a sight! Men, wo
men, and children, Russians and Prus
sians, carriages, horses and oxen, chests
and baggage, all lying on top of one ano
ther, to the height of a man! Seven vil
lages around me in flames, and the inhab
itants either massacred or thrown into
the fire.
“The poor wounded”—what a horid
exhibition of war spirit!—were stil firing
at one another in the greatest exaspera
tion ! The field of battle was a plain two
miles and a half long, and wholly cover
ed with dead and wounded; there was
not even room enough to set my foot
ydown without treading o some of them!
Seveiar Oro.Alrt we*b d with Rus
sians that IdoaV n . hev lay heaped
upon one another Sk high as tw'o men,
* ~ "7
and appeared like 'ftiik; tg the even
ground!
“I could hardly recover myself from
the fright occasioned I*jk the great and
miserable outcry of th' ' inded, A
noble Prussian officer who h/u lost both
of his legs, cried out to me, ‘ • • oit-ase
a minister of the Lord, and pn a d> meifyi
pray show me some compassion, i H V des
patch me at once.”
Character ot Cortes. t
As an adventurer, the bravest, the
enterprising, the most persevering who,, 1
set his foot on the shores of America;*
Cortes was, as a commander, rapid andj.«
daring in forming his resolutions; un-tip
flaunted and resolute in their execution !
beyond example prompt and fertile k 1
their resources ; unappalled by the »r*t!
disastrous reverses; accomplishing t;< !
most inconceivable schemes witlr torses
apparently the most inadequate; and, as f
he advanced, creating means froet wj-ai j
might seem the most hostile ana fi j vie s
sources; and with a power' of atiaohk<r
men to his service which migl alios”
look like magic. Ik combined under
one discipline the . it and wrl-Jcss ad
\enturer, who began by flunking onlv
of gold, but gradually kimned to The ab
-1 sorbing desir of glory: the jealous enemv
who came to overthrow his power, and
before !<x hefamo*’ its most steadfast
supporter ; the iWcest and most warlike
ot tlu u!i es, whom he bent not merely
mto followers, but zealous and
3*rty allies; but generous,
el ellow Jg h.s avutice to interfere |
i * us ytmbition, with aw ress which |
•[» dors pfiose on cunning, readi. ;?( men > s
minds, and knowing whoi,.* 0
an d how far; he was not without
?*Jjftnanity, but when war was raging, and
Sps peculiar exigencies seemed to demand,
1 utterly remorseless and utterly reckless of
the extent of carnage, hewing down hu
man life as carelessly as the back-woods
man the forest; and withal, as stern a
bigot a3 Spain ever sent forth in cowl or
in mail, to propagate the doctrine of the
Cross by the Mahometan apostleship of
lire and sword.— London Quarterly.
The Stuarts.
It was noticed that the last of the Stu
arts died lately in obscurity. There never
was a whole race so singularly unfortu
nate during at least four hundred years.
Robert 3d. broke his heart because his
eldest son Robert was starved to death,
and his youngest son made captive.—
James Ist. was assassinated in a convent
near Perth ; James 2d. was killed by the
bursting of a cannon; James 3d. was
thrown from his horse, and murdered in
a cottage where he sought shelter;
James 4th. fell at the battle of Flodden
Field ; James sth. died of grief for the
loss of his army. Henry Stuart, Lord
Dudley, was assassinated ; Mary Stuart
beheaded ; Charles 2d. exiled for many
years; James 2d. lost his crown; Anne
died broken hearted, and ihe posterity of
James were wretched wanderers and are
now all gone.— N. Y. Sun.
The Young Mother.
No deeper emotions can touch the hu
man heart than thrills through every
nerve when the young mother looks on
her first-born. A cord is struck before
untouched. As the boy sleeps quietly in
his cradle she gazes quietly on him with
feelings to which she had before been a
stranger. She had loved her husband—
her affections have been warm towards
father, mother, brothers and sisters.—
But now her emotions are of a new class
—a different order—strange—undefina
ble—so tender that her eye fills with tears
while she gazes—so rapturous that her
blood dances in wild yet soft delight
through her veins. In its strength it
may be felt again—in its strange novelty
it never returns. A mother knows it
now, or remembers it as past, but both
pen and tongue are utterly powerless to
describe it.
From infancy to romping childhood,
when sickness and fears are absent, what
an incessant souref of delight is found
in every new indication of intelligence !
The first smile—how sweet! The first
manifested recognition of its mother—
how it makes her heart dance ! The first
attempt to walk—the first effort to speak
—the young mother cannot reason her
self into the belief that ever a child was
before so deeply interesting. To her it
is such a being as never before existed.
It is, indeed, most wise and kind in the
good Author of our being to implant such
deep affection in the parental heart.—
The cares and anxieties of rearing our
offspring are compensated by present
pleasure, instead of waiting a distant re
ward. If every day has its toils, it brings
also rjch present enjoyment. That heart
is cold, it is not a parent’s heart, that can
sneer at a mother’s fond partiality for her
child. Let her feel that no other child
i ever presented such claims to a mother’s
love. It is her privilege to feel this, and
ko taste all the pleasures of such a feel
ing, unrestrained by cold and heartless
reasoning, can give. Indeed, no reason
ingcan clothe another child to her with
a ;y portion of the interest which hers
She sees' and admires the
j, ?4 tysand the sportive smiles and gam-
I WASHINGTONIAN
TOTAL j ABSTINENCE FLEDGE.
We. whose names are hereunto an
nexed, desirous of forming a Society for
our mutual benefit, and to guard against
a pernicious practice, which is injurious
to our health, standing and families, do
pledge ourselves as Gentlemen, not to
drink any Spirituous ur Malt Liquor a
trine or Cider.
[No. 6.1
' ,>0 s ot mother’s infant, but these in her
• ;i reach a deeper fountain, they strike
i at ° DC " on the heart’s finest cords.
; It v'Ould seem scarcely possible that a
mother should not be a religious woman.
; 1 he deep affection and tender solicitude
tor her offspring lead her to look for some
higher power than her own to shield and
protect its helplessness, and looking to
the future she desires some sure and ever
present guide to accompany her child
amidst the temptations and vicissitudes of
, ■ She must look up, she must feel
how weak her arm, how impotent her
best skill. Knowing, as every ore in a
Christian land does, that /here is an a
bounding fountain of wisdom, a power
unrestricted by time, or place, or circum
stance, she cannot, avhen she looks on her
infant, and her full heart is overflowing,
, s^e caf inot but look up With gratitude,
i and offer up her pra}'ers for that protec
-1 t '°. n an d for those blessings which an in
finite being only can bestow.— Mother's
j Magazine.
wbo delivers hinas*df up to the jrrat
lficatits. 0 f xU wine . c ip will SOO S n be
seen to dee, v both 5a i ua lth andcharac
ter. Jhe wen„ oread | )d<v d, and fa# gay
spirit of pleasures votaries artery
agreeable to look upo.., anc j we fancs%e
behold a picture of happiness ; Win Uie
drunkard’s fate we read a very different
tale: for “even in laughter the heart is
sorrowful; and the end of that mirth is
heaviness.” The pleasure that results
from drinking goes hand-in-hand with
death, and the grim tyrant smiles at the
fallacy with which the drinker deceives
himself. The habit of drinking, like
the poisoned shirt of Hercules, only cov
ers to destroy. After spending bis sub
stance, and resigning every other plea
sure and every proper duty, the drunk
ard at last dies, proving the wise man’s
saying, that “wine is a mocker, for it
promised him pleasure, but gave only
wretchedness : it excited hope, but yield
ed only disappointment: it looked deli
cious, but like the clusters of Sodom and
Gomorrah, it contained only bitter ashes.
Good Advice. —Girls, beware of tran
sient young men, —never suffer the ad
dresses of a stranger; recollect one good
steady farmer’s boy or industrious me
chanic is worth more than all the floating
trash in the world ; the allurements of a
human dandy-jack with % gold chain
about his neck, a walking stick in his
paw, some honest tailor’s coat on his back,
and a brainlegs, though fancy skull, can
never make up for the loss of a kind fa
ther’s home-—a good * mother’s counsel,
and the society of brothers and sisters;
their affection lasts, while that of such a
young man is lost at the wane of the ho
ney moon. ’Tis (rue.
To Young /tfen.—-Be cautious of that
young lady who runs from the wash tub
to change her dress at your approach.—
you will want a long purse to support her.
Also beware of her, with half a dozen
rings on her fingers, and who sits in
church with her glove off, that all she has
of any value about her, may be seen to
advantage ; she will, if you wed her, soon
get the ring of poverty in your nose.
What do you like ?—T. ere was once a►-
blustering American at Havana, who had
for a long time annoyed the other j&tnatoi
of his boarding house by his bullying.--
At length, an addition of two or three;'
Englishmen was made to the boarders,
and at dinner time, the Yankee, amoßg
other bold expressions, jumped upon his
feet, and brandishing his carving, Jtuifo,
exclaimed with a menacing tone, 4 Who
said he didn’t like beef?’ One of the s
Englishmen hereupon rose, and
replied, 4 1 said so!’ ‘Well, then,’ said
the Yankee, quietly sitting down, 4 you
can have mutton.’
Know Thyself.—* You must not smoke
here, sir,’ said the Captain of a. North
River steamboat to a man who was smo
king among the ladies on the quarter
deck. 4 1 mustn’t, ha ! why not ?’ repli
ed he, opening his capacious mouth, and
allowing the smoke lazily to escape.—
4 Didn’t you see the sign ? all gentlemen
are requested not to, smoke aliaft the en
gine.’ 4 Bless your soul, that don’t mean l
me—l’m no gentleman*—not a bit of it.
You can’t make a gentleman of me, no
how you can fix it.’ So saying, 1A suck- a
ed away and took the responsibility. /
“Raspberry Jam.”—Put sixty four**
raspberries into a goose-quill, and younar.
jam is complete. *' £