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PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY, BY JAMES McCAFFERTY, MACISTOSH-STREET, OPPOSITE POST OFFICE. Teritts of Paper. —For a single copy, one year, Two Dollars: for sixcopies, Ten Dollars; for thirteen copies. Twen ty Dollars, payable in advance. Advertisements will be inserted at 50 cents per square for the first insertion, and 25 cents for each continuance — T welve lines to constitute a square. A liberal deduction to yearly advertisers. Yjf No letters taken from the Post Office unless postage free. Officers Augusta W. T. A Society. Dr. JOS. A. EVE, President. Dr. DANIEL HOOK, > Rev. WM. J. HARD, > Vice Presidents HAWKINS HUFF, Esq. ) \VM. HAINES. Jr. Secretary. L. D. LALLERSTEDT, Treasurer. Managers : James Harper, E. E. Scofield, Rev. C. S. Dod, James Godby, John Milledge, • Physiology of the Cow. It is well known that animals of the same breed fed on the same food, will yield milk not only in different quantities, but also of very different quality. In re gard to the form, Mr. Youatt states that the “milch cow should have a long thin head, with a brisk but placid eye—should be thin and hollow in the neck, narrow in the breast and point of the shoulder, and altogether light in the fore-quarter—but wide in the loins, with little dew-lap, and neither too full fleshed along the chine, nor showing in any part an inclination to put on much fat. The udder should es pecially be large, round, and full, with the milk veins protruding, yet thin skinned, hut not hanging loose or tending far he hind. The teats should also stand square, all pointing out at equal distances, and of the same size, and although neither very large nor thick towards the udder, yet long and tapering towards a point. A cow with a large head, a high back bone, a small udder and teats, and drawn up in the belly, will, beyond all doubt, be found a bad milker.” Thus while much de pends upon the breed, the form of the in dividual also has much influeuce upon its value as a milker. But independent of form, the quality o r the milk is greatly affected by the indi vidual constitution of every cow we feed. Thus in a report of the produce of butter yielded bv each cow of a drove of 22, chiefly of the Ayrshire breed, all of which we may presume to have been selected for dairy purposes, with equal regard to their forms, and which were all fed upon the same pastures in Lanarkshire, the yield of milk and butter by four of the cows in the same week, is given as fol lows : Milk. Butter. A yielded 81 quarts, which gave 3 J lbs. F and tt, each H(i “ “ “ 54 “ G yielded 88 “ “ “ 7 “ Showing, that though the breed, the food, and the yield ofiniik were nearly the same the cow G, produced twice as much as the cow A, —or its milk was twice as rich. This result would have been still more interesting, had we known the re lative quantities of grass consumed by these two cows respectively. I will not insist upon other causes by which the quality of the milk is more or less mate rially affected. It is said that when stall fed, the same cow will yield more butter than when pastured in the Held—that the age of the pasture also influences the yield of butter—and that salt mingled with the food, improves both the quantity and quality of the milk. German method o f making Jlowers du ring the winter. —We saw off such a branch of any shrub as will answer our purpose, and then lay it for an hour or two in a running stream, if we can find j one. The object of this is to get the ice from the bark and soften the buds. It is afterwards carried into our warm rooms and fixed upright in a wooden bon or tub, j containing water. Fresh burnt lime is j then addec to the water, and allowed to . remain in it about twelve hours, when it is removed, and water added, with which a small quantity of vitriol is mixed to pre vent its purifying. In the course of some j hours, the blossoms begin to make their : appearance, and afterwards the leaves. If more lime be added, the process is quickened, while if it be not used at all, the process is retarded and the leaves ap pear before the blossom. Home. ■ Here is a beautiful extract from the “ President’s Daughter,” by the gifted Swede, Miss Frederica Bremer. _ Who can read it without having a sympathet ic cord of their heart touched by her el- ; oquent language ?— Southcrm Miscellany “I have seen home in the cot on the j sandy heath; I have seen it in the prince ly castle, adorned by the arts; I have seen it in the burgher’s simple and con venient dwelling; and in each, where j virtue and love united the bonds of fam ily intercourse, there its genius, good and guardian woman, stood watchful and ! active ; I saw everywhere here the same I AUGUSTA WASHINGTONIAN. A WEEKLY PAPER: DEVOTED TO TEMPERANCE, AGRICULTURE, & MISCELLANEOUS READIN Vol. 111.] j soft harmonies ! Riches and poverty ; made no difference. “ Goodness and order, these heaven’s j serving spirits upon earth, call forth ev ery where the same peace and the same I comfort. No bitter root has leave to grow there. Where it would grow comes ! either a smile or a tear, and with these a kind word to stifle it. Love watches over the cradle of infancy—over the rest of old age—over the well being and comfort of each individual. In order to be happy, man turns from the life of the i world—home ! “The sorrowful heart finds comfort in home, the disquieted peace ; the gay has there his life's true element. Where do you hear the agreeable joke, which only excites to satisfy; where those glad words full of tenderness and praise: where that heartv laughter—those cries of sincere enjoyment to which innocence and goodnqss every day respond, and which form every day life’s light, living fire-works !—where do you perceiye them i ! all—these innumerable little pleasant. I ness, which give the objects of life a heightened beauty, if not within the vir tuous and happy family ? And where, j las there, do you find these self denying j ■ lives—these pure unsung sacrifices for • each other’s well-being? that faithful 1 and hallowed love, which unites itself in | this life, and lifts the soul to heaven ? Where, if not there, do you find that pure bliss which makes us dream some times that Heaven has nothing more beautiful to offer than earth ? “ Pious spirits, when they speak of dy ing speak of going ‘ home.’ Their long ing for heaven is for them the same as their longing for home. Jesus even | shows us the dwelling of eternal bliss tin ! tier the image of a Home—of his ‘Fu j ther’s house!’ ” nWOSe£ULArtEOMr j ~ ~ Look Ahead. | Prospective population and destiny of the Lnited States. —The following cal culations, made up for Hunt’s Merchants’ Magazine, have a startling and pow erful interest. To think that within a century from this time the territory ot the United States will contain a popula tion oftAree hundred million, and that J I less than fifty years it will contain a ! hundred millions, is indeed interesting,! jand shows in a striking light the magni tude of the responsibility of those who j | have, and who shall hereafter have the ; destinies of this mighty Republic in their j hands. The calculations do not seem to j j be extravagant, and are probably very ! ' near the truth. In 1840 the United States had a popu i lation of 17,068,066. Allowing its future increase to be at the rate of 30} per cent, lor each succeeding period often years, i we shall number, in 1940, 303,10i,C41. Past experience warrants us to expect j this increase. In 1790, our number was | 3,927,827. Supposing it to have in creased each decade, in the ratio of 13} | per cent, it would in 1840, have amount ed to 16,560,256; being more than half ;a million less than our actual number, as : shown by the census. With 300,000,000, jwe sihould have less than 150 to the square miles for our whole territory, and : but 220 to the square mile for our organ ized states and territories. England has 300 to the square mile. It does not, then, seem probable that our progressive ! increase will be materially checked with in the one hundred years under consid eration. At the end of that period Can ada will probably number at least 20,- 000,000. If we suppose the portion of our country east and west of the Appala chian chain of mountains, known as the Atlantic slope, to possess at that time 40,000,000, or near five times its present number, there will be left 260,000,000, for the great central region between the Appalachian and Rocky mountains, and between the Gulf of Mexico and Canada, and for the country west of Rocky moun tains. Allowing the Oregon Territory j 10,000,000, there will be left 250,000,000 for that portion of the American States j lying in the basis of the Mobile, Missis-! sippi and St. Lawrence. If to these we add 20,000,000 for Canada, we have 270,900,000 as the probable number that j will inhabit the North American valley j at the end of the one hundred years, com-i mencing in 1840. If we suppose one third, or 90,000,000 of this number to re side in the country as cultivators and : artisans, there will be 180,000,000 left j: for the towns, enough to people 360, each : containing half a million. This does not 1 AUGUSTA, GA. DECEMBER 14, 1544. seem as incredible as that the valiev of the Nile, scarcely 12 miles broad, should hp.vc once, ns historians tell us, contained j 20,000 cities. But, lest one hundred years seem too | long to be relied on, in a calculation hav in'! so many elements, let us see how mat ters will stand fifty years from IS4O, or forty seven years from this time. The ratio of increase we have adopted cannot bo objected to as extravagant for this pe riod. In 1890, according to that ratio, i our number will be 72,000,000. Os these 22,000,000 will be a fair allowance for the Atlantic slope. Os the remaining 50,000,000 2,000,000 may reside west of : the Rocky mountains, leaving 48,000,000 J for the great valley within the States. If to these we add 5,000,000 as the pop ulation of Canada, we have an aggregate of 53,000.000 for the North American valley. One.third, or say 18,000,000, I being set down as farming laborers and j rural artisans, there will remain 35,000,- | 000 tor the towns, which might he seven ty in number, having, each half a million of souls. It can scarcely he doubted that, within the forty-seven years, our agricul j ture will he so improved, as to requre less j than one third to furnish food and raw materials for the whole population.— ! Good judges have said that we are not j now more than twenty or thirty years behind England in our husbandry. It is certain that we are rapidly adopting her j improvements in this branch of industry ; and it is no' to be doubted, that very many new improvements will be brought out, both in Europe and America, which will tend to lessen the labor necessary in the production of food and raw mate rials. Yeoman. —A writer in Blackwood’s Magazine writes in the following strain : “ Great, indeed is the task assigned to woman. Who can elevate its dignity? Not to make laws, not to lead armies, not to govern empires, but to form those by whom the laws are made, and armies led, and empires governed ; to guard from the slightest taint < f possible infir mity the frail and yet spotless creature, whose moral, no less than his physical be | ing must he derived from her, to inspire j those principles, to inculcate those doc trines, to animate those sentiments which I generations yet unborn, and nations yet j uncivilized, shall learn to bless; to sos ; ten firmness into mercy, and chasten j honor into refinement, generosity into | virtue; by her soothing cares to allay j tho anguish of the body, and tho far ; worse anguish of the mind; by her ten jderness to disarm passion ; by her purity i to triumph over sense, to cheer the schol jar sinking under his toil; to console the | statesman for the ingratitude of a mista j ken people; to be the compensation for ! the hopes that are blighted, for friends that are perfidious, fin - happiness that has j passed away. Such is her vocation— ! the couch of the tortured sufferer, the prison of the deserted friend, the cross of a rejected Saviour ; these are the scenes ; of woman’s excellence, these are the the atres on which her greatest triumphs . have been achieved. Such is her desti ! ii)', to visit the forsaken, to attend to the i neglected, when monarchs abandon, i when councellors betray, when justice persecutes, when brethren and disciples [ fly, to remain unshaken and unchanged ; and to exhibit on this lower world, a type o r that love, pure, constant end ineffa ble, which, in another world, we are taught to believe the best of virtue.” Important Alabama Decision. A report of a very important decision in relation to marriages decided in the Supreme Court of this State, in the last June term, appears in the Tuscaloosa; Monitor of the 14th ult. The case was an appeal from the Circuit Court of But ler county, and the opinion was delivered | by Chief Justice Collier. The question ! presented bv the record (says the Moni- j tor) was whether such a conspiracy had been proved as was punishable by law. j Several persons combine to accomplish a wicked purpose. They forged a marri age license, showed it to the young lady and her parents, as evidence of good faith of the suitor ; and one of his associates j falsely represented himself to be a justice j of tlie peace authorized to perform the rites of matrimony, whereupon consent | was yielded, and tho usual ceremony was ; repeated by the pretended magistrate.— Afterwards, the cheat was detected, and 1 the parties to it was indicted for a con spiracy. The only one found was tried and convicted in the Circuit Court of Butler. On points reserved as novel and difficult, the Supreme Court has deliver ed an opinion affirming the judgment be low and indicated by the numerous au i thorities cited, that marriage, being a civil contract, is valid where the persons united declare their intention to he hus band and wife in a formal manner, in the presence of witnesses, even though no marriage license has been obtained, nor the usual ceremony administered by an unauthorized person. This will open the eyes of those who sometimes in levity ; undergo a mock ceremonv of marriage. From the New York Observer. A Beautiful Incident. dtlcssrs. Editors. —The following inci | dent occurred a few weeks since in a vil | lage of one, of one of the Southern counties of our State. It was a warm 1 Sabbath afternoon, and the doors of the j village church were thrown open to let in the balmy air from the fields without. The congregation had assembled, and while the minister was reading the first hymn a beautiful dove entered the door | and came walking up tho main aisle, j Such a visitor drew of course univer sal attention. But as tho choir arose to | sing, he seemed startled, and lifting him jselfonhis wings, alighted on the stove | pipe above him, where he sat bending his glossy neck and turning his head to catch | the harmony as it swelled through the temple of God. Whether it was the j chorus of voices or tho full-toned notes of the organ that captivated him, I can not tell; but he sat the perfect picture of j earnest attention till the music ceased. Waiting a moment as if to hear the i strain commence again, ho started from I his perch and sailed to the top of the or igan, where he furled his pinion and sat j and looked down on the audience. The i young clergyman arose to pray. He is 1 distinguished for his earnest and fervour of his invocation, and as he stood with i his hands around the Bible which lay : clasped before him, humbly beseeching the Father of all good to send his Holy Spirit down, that beautiful bird pitched I from its resting place on the organ, and I sailed down on level wing the whole length of the church, perched on the Bi ble directly between the hands of the clergyman. It was merely a natural occurrence, but how beautiful the picture. There stood the messenger of God with face to ward heaven pleading for heaven’s bless ings—the Bible before him, around which his hands were reverently clasped, while on it stood that beautiful and innocent dove. Tlie three thus together formed a group full of interest and symbolizing all that is dear to man. The word of God was before the people with God’s chosen emblem upon it, and God’s herald clasp ing them both as he prayed. What wonder is it if a superstitious | feeling ran through the house as the peo ; pie watched that dove—tlie emblem of innocence and purity and the divine Spir it itself—standing on tlie Bible and look ing gently down on them. Beautiful bird, it centred for a time the affections of ail on it; and he who could have injured it there, would have injured hundreds of hearts at the same time. The pressure of its liny feet was no sacrilege there, for the expression of its soft eye was in nocence and love. The clergyman feeling the presence of the bird, and fearing it might distract the attention of his hearers, gently press ed his hand over the Bible. The dove, unstartled, merely hopped over it on the cushion, where it sat till prayer was end ed ; then rose and sailed away. In for- 1 mer times the dove would have been re jgardedasa spiritual visitant from the | unseen world, sent on a special mission in answer to prayer, and awakened feel : iogs of awe and reverence. | To us it was only a natural but unusu al occurrence, awakening simply the sen timent of beauty. It was a new and ac j cidenta! figure introduced suddenly into ia picture, giving greater harmony and perfection to what we deemed perfect bc i lore. There was no religion in it; but it was full of beauty. H. Wit ia Choosing Texts. A young preacher in the time of James I being appointed to hold forth belbre the Vice Chancellor and heads of colleges , of Oxford, chose for his text, “What, j cannot we watch one hour ?” which car- , 1 ried a personal allusion, as the Vico Chan cellor happened to be one of those heavy headed persons, who cannot attend < church without falling asleep. The i preacher repeating his text in an emphat- i WASniXUTOJiIAX TOTAL ABSTINEATE PLEDGE. We, whose names are hereunto an nexeif, desirous of farming a Society for our mutual benefit, ami toguani against a pernicious practice, which is injurious to our health, standing anti families, do pledge ourselves ns Gentlemen, not to drink any Spirituous or Malt Liquors , [ kkine or Cider. [Xo. 22. ic manner, at the end of every division of his discourse, the unfortunate Vice Chancellor as often awoke, and this hap pened so olten that at last all present could see the joke. The Vice Chancellor was nettled at the disturbance he had met with, and the talk it occasioned, and he complained to the Archbishop of Canter hurj-, who immediately sent for the young man to reprove him for what he had done. In the course of the conference " hich ensued between the Archbishop and the preacher, the latter gave so many proofs ot his wit and good sense, that his grace procured him the honor of ! preaching before the king. Here also he 'had his joke; he gave out his text in these words—“ James Ist & Oth, waver no!,'' which of course every body present i sa ' v he a stroke at the undecisive char aoter of the monarch. Janies, equally ; quick sighted, exclaimed, “ 110 is at me ' already but he was upon the whole so | well pleased with his clerical wag, as to make him one ot his chaplains in ordi nary. He afterwards went to Oxford, and preached a farewell sermon on the i text, “ Sleep on now, and take vour j rest.” ; - A Hi- markable Boy. A remarkable instance of mental cal culation is mentioned hv the Windsor i Journal. It is stated that a lad named i -Sallord, only eight years of age, will give , the product of four figures by four, per forming the operation mentally, nearly as - quick as one can do it with n pen and paper. lie has also multiplied five places of figures by five, which was the extent ot Zcrah Colburn’s power in his best days. He will extract the square and cube roots of numbers extending to nine or ten places, performing the operation quite rapidly in his head. The division of numbers into their factors, is a favorite amusement with him. Give him the exact age of a person, and he will give the number of seconds correctly. How to get a Feather Bed. —“ln car rying off even the small thing of a fea ther bed. Jack Tate, the bold bugglar, showed the skill of a high practitioner, for he descended the stairs backwards.” “Backwards!” said Larry Hogan, “whats that for!” “ You’ll see by and by,” said Groggins; “ho descended backwards, when suddenly he heard the door open ing, and a female voice exclaiming, “ Where are you going with that bed ?” “Ira going up stairs with it ma’am’’sai(l Jack, whose backward position favored his lie ; and he began to walk up with it again. “Come down,” said the lady, “we want no beds here, man.” “Mr. Sullivan, ma’am, sent me home with it himself,” said Jack, still mounting the stairs. “Come down, I tell you,” said the lady, in a great rage, “ there’s no Mr. Sullivan lives here.” “ I beg your par • don, ma’am,” said Jack, turning round, and marching off with the bed, fair and easy. Well, there was a regular shilloo in the house when the thing was found out. and cart ropes wouldn’t hold the la dy for the rage she was in at being diddled Lover's Handy Andy. Belting on Elections. —Apropos of betting, here is a specimen from a Mich igan paper, which is the best bet on the election we have seen. Some Yankee girl is offering to bet on Polk’s election with any respectable, good-looking young man as follows: “ The stakes shall be the parties; if Polk is elected, I win, and marry the gentleman who bets a gainst me; if he is not, the gentleman wins and marries mo.” Feasting a Compositor. A letter from Hamburgh of the 14lh October says: “Last Saturday all the persons engaged on the daily journal, the Correspondent Impartial da Hamburgh, celebrated by a dinner the sixtieth anni- . versary of the entry of one of the compos itors, named Hein, on the paper. Du ring that long period he had not missed his work a single day. lie is now eighty eight years of age, enjoys excellent health, and does his work like a young man. There were 220 persons present at the dinner including all the employing printers of the place. One of these gen tiemen, M. Bodecker, sent 100 pine apples, 400 lbs. of fine grapes, and an immense quantity of flowers for the feast.” A father in Indiana lately hogged his daughter to death ! The corrpner’s Jury rendered this verdict, “Death occasioned by tight lacing /”