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PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY, BY USES MAFFERTY, H.UM.TTOJH-SrRKET, OFFOSITE FOIT OFFICE. | Terms of Paper. —For a single copy, ' one year, Two Dollars: tor sucopies, Ten Dollars; for thirteen copies, Twen ty Dollars, payable in advance. Advertisements will be inserted at 50 1 cents per square for the first insertion, f and 25 cents for each continuance — T weivc lines to constitute a square. A .liberal deduction to yearly adveilisers. ?3r No letters taken from the Post ? ‘Office unless postage free. O&cers Augusta tV, T. A Society. Ray JOS. A. EVE, pRBSIUENT. DANIEL HOOK, 1 W.VT. J. HARD, > Vice Presidents n VVKINS HUFF, Esq. ) Wii. HAINES, Jr. Secretary. I D. LALLERSTEDT, Treasurer. Managers; •\. James Harper. E. E. Scofield, Rev. C. S. Dod, James-God by, * Jrm Milled ;e, ! x >3 i - .ft'-td.-* '■ - = From the Albany Cultivator. ML Uivation ot Sprint? Grain at the South. jjjjy'' appears that in South Carolina, oats igSki barley may be sown in the fall, and fm i ost of winter is not hard enough to |wt ’m. Our friend, Mr. Wm. Suin ’Pomaria, as chairman of a cem ftiitt*’- ppointed for the purpose, recently aAinhi 'I a report to the Newberry Ag u- Society, on the cultivation of jflkjt. rt-t: bailey, and buckwheat, from 'ather the following facts : fall sowing is preferable, as rhy «wts at* not liable to be injured by ; the yield is greater, and tb£W u ‘ much better than if sown in the sprint if not sown in the fall, they snj&pp *t nil events be sown during the mouth i f February. Cotton seed, if ap plied 11 ;bt*«, v *f more importance to this. her crop. The seed should b Rivs ’ K ploughed in, or ifthe groun ; i j bc-afc-broken up, a heavy iron tooth# 4 harrow would perhaps an swer a go it-: purpose in putting the seed to apr • a 4 pit; The selection of proper sc* 4 ‘ ab«» a *Abject of much im portance. To**re are, however, some ex cellent varii ti nfoa*• cultivated among us. The B» r> ■* or IV* toe Oats, is pre ferred by some, while ethers prefer the Rutiled. The buck*;*<» hit®Tartarian, although not yet d among us, are said to be the <*--< desr k»tion for the poorest exhaust* * * > , producing more on those sorts tt.»<* »nv ot.> variety. * “Ryf. has been csltivai- i perhaps as long as any of the varieties o:\»all grain, and its cuitivation is been; ■. •». u matter of increased import found particularly adapted irnisli ing the best early spring a e: we can have recourse to for lsmb«, •. oung calves, and pigs. Care should i; -* > not to graze horses, cattle ami < it while voung, and partic i f while the ground is wet. It is not > > p .lied up by the roots, and is iheivtu •• ta4|.ir adapted to grazing hogs, than wiry i.umr variety of small grain. 11 the intent iob is to pasture, it should invariably he in during the month of St; *t .«• •! will then be fit to graze in l i at which time it wili be particularly valua ble, especially for ewes, with early lambs. “ Barley, has been cultivated from the earliest antiquity, and was much in use among the Romans, both as food for soldiers and horses. It is, upon the whole, one of the most valuable and im portant grain crops, which we can <*ilti vate. It is almost invariably a certain crop, as from its early maturity it makes itself from the winter seasons. For soil ing cattle and hdrses, it is superior to any other grain we can have recourse to.— When soiling is the principal object, it is advisable jto sow at different times, from the first of October until the last of No vember ; thus furnishing it in succession from the first of March until May.— When young, it should he cut off careful ly with a keen grass scythe, and raked carefully, and if the soil has been made rich, a second cutting can be obtained. It requires a rich loamy soil, and where this cannot readily be obtained, the ground must be made rich by supplying the ne cessary quantity of stable manure.— Ashes is important to this, as it is to ev ery other grain crop. Unless the ground is made rich, you can never expect to succeed with the crop; and as. only a few acres are required for the purpose of soiling, even on the largest farm, the ground is readily manured. Cotton seed applied liberally, is also an excellent ma nure. As soiling is the principal object, the spot selected for the barley should be near, and convenient to the stables and cattle yard. The ground should be deep ly broken up, and the seed neatly plough ed in; the whole should then be well harrowed, so that the ground is thorough ly and finely pulverized.” Hollow Horn. It is familiar to farmers that when any animal has been subject to this complaint, that upon the return of winter the com- JBjLg# f AUGUSTA WASHINGTONIAN. A WEEKLY PAPER: DEVOTED TO TEMPERANCE, AGRICULTURE, «fc MISCELLANEOUS READINGS. Vet. III.] plaint may often be kept off in such ca ses, simply by wrapping the horn with woollen cloth or sheep-skin, with the wool turned inwardly, and keeping it well bound on during the winter. As soon as the horn becomes carious, it be comes internally sore, and it sometimes happens that all efforts to save an animal afflicted with this complaint are ineffec | tual, merely for want of wrapping the horns, and thereby imparting that warmth ! to the parts intended to be healed, which all know is necessary for any wound or sore in winter, in order to heal it. There is a beautiful circumstance con nected with agricultural emulation. In many of the pursuits of life one man gets rich by making another man poor—climbs | the ladder by putting his feet on another man’s shoulder; or he builds his own building out of the fragments of his neigh bor’s which he has undermined. This is often a crying injustice, and inflicts many hitter mortifications, or arouses t vindictive and tiger passions. Emilia- 1 tion in agricultural improvements en kindles no such baleful fires. A man can make no improvements in husbandry, without at once extending the knowl j edge and advantage of them to others, j The enlargement of the capacities of the I soil, and every increase of its productions, confer an immediate benefit upon the whole community. Corns. —As every one seems to be fa ; miliar with these painful excresences, we •extract the following mode of cure, and *1 without in any way endorsing the re-J ' ceipt. It is worth trying, und we hope I j that some afflicted friend of ours will j wrap his corns as recommended, and if successful, give us information, for we | are sorely troubled : Take a small piece of flannel which j i has not been washed, wrap or sew it, around the corn and toe : one thickness will be sufficient. Wet the flannel where * ihe corn is, night amt morning, with fine sweet oil. Renew the flannel weekly, and at the same time pare the corn, which will soon disappear. The Duty of au American Citizen. BY THE KEV. DR. WAYLAND. The paramount duty of an American citizen, is, to putin requisition every pos sible means for elevating universally the intellectual and inoral character of the people. When we speak of intellectual eleva | tion, we would not suggest that all our citizens are to become able linguists or profound mathematicians. This, at least for the present, is not practicable; itcer tainly is not necessary. The object at which we aim will be attained, when every man is familiarly acquainted with j what are now considered the ordinary branches of an English education. The intellectual stores of one language are then open before him; a language in which he may find all the knowledge that he shall ever need to form his opinions upon any subjects on which it shall be his duty to decide. A man who can not read, let us always remember, is a BEING NOT CONTEMPLATED BY THE GE nil’s of the constitution. Where the right of suffrage is extended to all, he is certainly a dangerous member of the community who has not qualified himself to exercise it. But on this part of the subject I need not enlarge. The pro ceedings of our general and state legis latures already furnish ample proof that our people are tremblingly alive to its im portance. We do firmly believe the time to be not far distant, when there will not be found a single citizen of these United States, who is not entitled to the appella of a well informed man. But supposing all this to be done, still only a part and by far the least important part of our work w ill have been accom plished. We have increased the power of the people, but we have left it doubtful in what direction that power will be ex erted- We have made it certain that a public opinion will be formed, but wheth er that opinion will be healthful or des tructive, is yet to be decided. We have cut our channels by which knowledge may be conveyed to every individual of our mighty population; it remains for us, by means of those mighty channels, to instil into every bosom an unshaken reverence for the principles of right. Having gone thus far, then, we must go farther; for you must be aware that the AUGUSTA, GA. .JANUARY 25, 1845. 1 tenure by which our liberties is held can never be secure, unless moral keep pace with intellectual cultivation. This leads us to remark, in the second place, that our other and still more imperious duty is, to cultivate the moral character of our people. » On the means bv which this may be effected, I need not detain you. W r e have in our hands a book bf tried efficacy; a work w hich contains the only success ful appeal that was ever made to the moral sense of man ; a book which un folds the only remedy that has ever been applied with any effect to the direful mal adies of the human heart. You need not be informed that I refer to the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testa ment. ***** If we would see the foundations laid broadly and deeply, on which the fabric of this country’s liberties shall rest to the remotest generations; if we would see ! her carry forward the work of political i reformation, and ri.e the bright morning j star of freedom o’er the benighted world; | let ns elevnte the intellectual and moral character of every class of our citizens, and specially let usembue them thorough ly with the principles of the gospel of Jesus Christ. * * * * When I reflect that some of you who now hear mo will see fifty millions of souls enrolled in the census of these Unit ed States; when l think how small a pro portion our present efforts bear to the, ' pressing wants of this mighty population, and how soon the period in which those I wants can be supplied will have, forever i elapsed; when, moreover, I reflect how | the happiness of man is interwoven with ! the destinies of this country ; I want lan guage to express my conceptions of the | importance of the subject; and yet lam ! aware that those conceptions fall far short jof the plain, unvarnished truth. When I | look forward over the long tract of com j ing ages, the dim shadows of unborn na | tions pass in solemn review before me, ; and each, by every sympathy which hinds together the whole brotherhood of man, implores this country to fulfil that destiny to which she has been summoued by an all-wise Providence, and save a sinking world from temporal misery and eternal death. Skate Runners. At Drontheiin, in Norway, they have a regiment of soldiers, called Skate-run ners. They wear long gaiters, for travel ling in deep snow, and a green uniform. They carry a short sword, a rifle fasten ed by a broad strap passing over the shoulder, and a climbing-staff seven feet long, with an iron spike at the end.— They move so fast in the sno v, that no cavalry or infantry can overtake them ; nnd it does little good to fire cannon balls at them, as they go two or three hundred • paces apart. They are very useful sol ! diers in following an enemy on a march. They go over mountains and marshes, rivers and lakes, at a great rate. When King Charles XII. was shot at Fredericks-hall, a Skate-runner carried the news four hundred miles, twelve hours sooner than a mail messenger, who went at the same time. There were then sev en thousand Swedes laying siege to Dron theim. When the news came, they broke up their quarters, and retreated as fast as possible. They were obliged to go over the mountains, and the snow was deep, and the weather exceedingly cold. Two hundred Skate-runners followed hard after them, and came up with them one very cold morning. But all the troops were dead, having been frozen in their tents, among the mountain snow drifts. They had burnt every morsel of wood, even the stocks of their muskets, to warm themselves. Cruelty killed by Kindness. A young woman in Vermont married a poor, but worthy man against her fa ther’s wish. He drove them from his house, and closed his door and heart against them. They came down near Boston, went to work, and prospered. After many years, the father had occa sion to come to Boston. He concluded to go and see his daughter, expecting a cold reception. His daughter and her husband received him most kindly and lovingly. After staying with them a while, he went back to Vermont. One of his neighbors hearing where he had been, asked him how his daughter and her husband had treated him. “I never was so treated before in my life,” said the weeping and broken-heart ed father. They bare broken iny heart; [No. 28 | they have killed me; I don’t feel as though I could live under it.” “ What did they do to you ?” asked the neighbor. “Did they abuse you?” '•'■They loved me to death, and killed me with kindness,” said he. “I can never forgive myself for treating so cruelly my own darling daughter, who loved me so affectionately. I feel as if I should die to think how I grieved the precious child when I spurned her from my door.— Heaven bless them, and forgive me my cruelty and injustice to them. Who does not see in this an infallible euro for difficulties between man and man ? There is not a child nor man on earth, who would not feel, nnd say that that daughter, though so deeply wronged and outraged by her angry father, did right in treating him as she did. That father was her enemy, hut she was not his. He hated her, while she loved him. Robert Emmet and his I.ove. ’Twas the evening of a lovely day— the last day for lhe noble and ill-fated Emmet. A young lady stood at the cas tle gate and desired admittance into the dungeon. She was closely veiled and the keeper could not imagine who she was, nor why one of such proud bearing should be a supplicant at the prison door. However, he granted the boon—led her to the dungeon, opened the massive iron door, then closed it again, and the lovers were alone. He leaned against the pris on wall, with a downcast head and his arms were folded upon his breast. Gen tly she raised the veil from her face, and Emmet turned to gaze upon all that earth contained for him—the girl whose sunny brow in the days of boyhood had been his polar star —the maiden who had some times made him think “the world was all sunshine.” The clanking of the heavy chains sounded like n death knell to her ears, nnd she wept like a child.— Emmet said but little, yet he pressed her warmly to his bosom and their feelings held a silent meeting—such a meeting perchance, as is held in heaven, only tha we part no more. In a low voice he be sought her not to forget him when the cold grave received his inanimate body— she spoke of by gone days—the happy hours of childhood when his hopes were bright and glorious, and he concluded by requesting her sometimes to visit the pla ces and scenes that were hallowed to his memory from the days of his infancy; and should the world pronounce his name with scorn and contempt, he prayed she would still cling to him with affection, and remember him when all others should forget. Hark ! the church bell sounded, and he remembered the hour of execu tion. The turn-key entered, and after dashing the tears from his eyes, he sep a rated them from their long embrace, and led the lady from the dungeon. At the entrance she turned and their eyes met —thev could not say farewell—the door swung on its heavy hinges, and they parted forever. No! not forever! Is there no heaven ? At sunrise m xt morning he suffered gloriously —a martyr to his country and to liberty. ******* “As one—o’et the myrtle showers, Its haves by soft winds fanned; She faded ’midst Italian flowers— The last of that fair band.” Twas the land of Italy—what a gor geous time of sunset in [tally—what a magnificent scene! A pale, emaciated girl lay upon her bed of death. Oh ! it was hard for her to die, far from her home in this beautiful land, where flow, ers bloom perennial, and the balmy air comes freshly to the pining soul. Oh ! no—her star had set! the brightness of her dream had faded—her heart was bro ken. When ties have been formed on earth— burning ties, which is more heart-rending and agonizing to the spir it, than to find at last the beloved one is snatched away, and all our love is given to a ‘passing flower!’ Enough; she died the betrothed of Robert Emmet, the lovely Sarah Curran. Italy contains her last remains—its flowers breathe their fragrance over her grave, and the lulling tones of the shepherd’s lute sound a re quium to her memory. Au Imperial Dinner. The native Mexicans had upward of thirty different ways of dressing meats, and earthen vessels so contrived as to keep them constantly hot. For the ta ble of Montezuma himself above three hundred dishes were dressed, and for his guards, above three thousand. Before ■ .■ -* WASHINGTONIAN TOTAL ABSTINENCE PLEDGE. Wr, whose names are hereunto an nexed, desirous of forming a Society for jour mutual benefit, and to guard against ! a pernicious practice, whkti is injurious ito our health, standing and families, do f pledge ourselves as Gentlemen, not to ! drink any Spirituous or Malt Liquors, j Win • or Cider. dinner, Montezuma would sometimes go out and inspect the preparations, and his officers would point out to him which were the best, and explain of what birds and flesh they were composed; and of those he would eat; but this was more for amusement than any thing else. It is said that at times the flesh of young children were dressed for him; but the ordinary meats were domestic fowls, pheasants, geese, partridges, quails, In dian hogs, pigeons, hares and mbits, with many other animals and birds peculiar to the country. This is certain—that after Cortez had spoken to him relative to the dressing of human flesh, it was not practiced in his palace. At his meals in cold weather, n number of torches of the bark of a wood which make 9 no smoke, and has an aromatic smell, were lighted; and, that they should not throw too much heat, screens ornamented with gold, and painted with figures of Idols, were placed before them. Montezuma was seated on a low throne or chair, at a table proportioned to the height of his seat. The table was covered with white cloths and napkins, and four beautiful women presented him with water for his hands, in vessels they called xicales, with other vessels under them, like plates, to catch the water. They also presented him with towels. Then two other wo men brought small cakes of bread, and when the king began to eat, a large screen of gilded wood was placed before him, so that during that period people should not behold him. The women having retired to a little distance, four ancient lords stood by the throne, to whom Montezuma, from time to time, spoke or addressed questions, and ns a mark of particular favor, gave to each of them a plate of that which ho was eat ing. I was told that these old lords, who were his near relations, were also coun sellors and judges. Tho plates which Montezuma presented to them they re ceived with high respect, eating what was on then? without taking their eyes off the ground. He was served in ear then ware of Cholula, red and black.— While the king was at the table no one of his guards in the vicinity of his apart ment dared, for their lives, make any noise. Fruit of all kinds produced in the country, he ate very little; but from time to time a liquor prepared from coco, and of a stimulative quality, as we are told, was presented to him in golden cups. We could not at that time see whether he drank it or not, but I observed a num ber of jars, about fifty, brought in filled with foaming chocolate , of which he took some that the women presented him.—- At different intervals during the time of dinner, there entered certain Indians, humpbacked, and deformed and ugly, who played tricks of buffoonery; and others who they said, were jesters.— There was also a company of singers and dancers, who afforded Montezuma much entertainment. To those he or dered the vases of chocolate to be dis tributed. The four female attendants then took away the cloths, and again with much respect presented him with water to wash his hands, during which time Montezuma conferred with the four no blemen formerly mentioned, after which they took their leave with many ceremo nies. One thing I forgot (and no won der,) to mention in its place, and that is that during the time that Montezuma was at dinner, two very beautiful women were busily employed in making small cakes with eggs and other things mixed therein. They were delicately white, and when made, they presented them on plates covered with napkins. Also an other kind of bread was brought to him on long leaves, and plates of cakes resembling wafers. After he had dined, they presented to .him three little canes highly ornamented, containing liquid am ber, mixed with an herb they call tobacco; and when he had sufficiently viewed and heard the singers, dancers, and buffoons, he took a little smoke of one of these canes, and fhen laid himself down so sleep. The meal of the monarch ended, all his guards and domestics sat down to dinner; and as near as I could judge, above a thousand plates of these eatables that I have mentioned were laid before them, with foaming chocolate and fruit in immense quantify. For his women and various inferior servants, his estab lishment was of a prodigious expense ; and we were astonished amid such a pro fusion, at the vast regularity that pre vailed.—Bernal Dies des Castillo. Exoeewve Tippling is viroonsHiutxoital.