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PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY, BY JAMES McCAFFERTY, MACINTOSH-STREET, OPPOSITE POST OFFICE. Terms of Paper. —For a single copy, one year, Two Dollars : for six copies, 'i’en Dollars; for thirteen copies, Twen ty Dollars, payable in advance. Advertisements will be inserted at 50 cents per square for the first insertion, and 25 cents for each continuance— Twelve lines to const, lute a square. A liberal deduction to yearly advertisers. No letters taken from the Post Office unless postage free. Officers Augusta IF. T. A Society. Dr. JOS. A. EVE, President. Dr. DANIEL HOOK, J Rev. WM. J. HARD, !- Vice Presidents HAWKINS HUFF, Esq. ) WM. HAINES, Jr. Secretary. L. D LALLERSTEDT, Treasurer. MANAGERS : James Harper, E. E. Scofield, Rev. C. S. Dod, James Godby, John Milledge, Improving Land by Green Manures. —lt is believed by some that the best kind of vegetable growth for turning in, in the form of green manure, is Indian corn sown broadcast. If it be intended to apply lime to the land, it would be well to do so the fall before. Then, as early as t circumstances will permit, sow corn broadcast, say 3 or 4 bushels to the acre, and as soon as it has grown as high as it can conveniently be turned under, with a deep-working plough, turn it un der, and immediately sow another crop the same way, turning that under as be fore but with a medium plough run cross ways of the previous furrow. In the Middle and Southern States three crops can thus be turned under in one season. It is believed that no system of manuring or renovation except the heaviest appli cation of stable manure, can compare with this plan in its results. If the land be very poor the first crop will be very light, but light as it may be, it will add a very considerable portion of the elements of vegetable nutriment to the soil; and thus the second crop will be greatly im proved, and the third will be all that can be desired. It is believed that in this four times as much improvement will be effected in one season as can by means of clover in three or four years. For this purpose farmers in the North should use the tall kinds of Southern corn, as being of moro rapid growth, and furnish ing vastly more matter for the soil.— Cultivator. Orchards. —ls your trees have moss on them, or their bark is rough, scrape them in the spring; but whether they are so or not, take a mixture of equal parts of soft soap and sulpher, and paint the trunks from the roots as far upwards as you can well reach. This will destroy the insect embryo, and preserve your trees from the girdling of mice and rats. And to destroy the worms or eva which may be in the ground, dig the earth from around the roots of the trees, for a few feet, and to the depth of a few inches, and submit the earth thus up, to the ope ration of fire: when cool, mix with it a gallon of lime to each tree, and replace it. If you doubt the efficacy of this treatment, try it on a few tree? this fall, and we wiil bet you a peck of “ Ladies’ Blushes” that you’ll subject every fruit tree on your farm to the same operation next fall.— American Farmer. Planting and Manufacturing. Having, in these terrible times and worse prospects, like many other planters, given some reflection to the situation of the cotton grower, I have come to two conclusions. That even if every one raise his own meat and bread, horses and mules, it will not enhance the price of cotton sufficient to afford us visible and sensible relief. Those things must be attended to, and without delay : but they fall short of the mark. We must look for permanent re lief from the inducements held out to the culture of the sugar cane and hemp. The duty on sugar and molasses must be j maintained, and the interest of the cot- j ton planter would be promoted, if the duty were greater. It is to the interest of the cotton grower that every foot of land suitable for the culture of the cane, should be so employed, and thereby out of the cotton business. It is the same with hemp. The hemp business now employs many hands that would other wise be brought into the cotton region. And if the price of cotton continue de pressed, many planters on the river, a bove Vicksburg, w ould abandon its cul ture and go to raising hemp, especially if the duty on the latter were fully ade quate to the protective system. As regards manufacturing, the mass of our citizens don’t understand the subject. They have never had the benefits of ob servation or experience of its advanta ges. Speculation and theorizing w’on’t enlighten their minds. You may write and publish and speak from year’s end to year's end, and you will find yourself just where you.started from. You may AUGUSTA WASHINGTONIAN. jA WEEKLY PAPER: DEVOTED TO TEMPERANCE, AGRICULTURE, & MISCELLANEOUS READINGS. J Vol. 111.] tell an intelligent planter that a large wollen factory established in Hinds would be a market for all the wool that could be raised in the county, and for all that would be raised in several adjoining, and he will reply, “ perhaps so.” and pass on without bestowing another thought to the subject. But, establish the factory, and in two years that same planter would be looking out for a flock of sheep, for the purpose of raising wool to sell at the fac tory. You may tell another that the hundreds of hands employed in and about a large factory, must have food, and that sup plying them with pork, beef, mutton, corn, potatoes, peas, vegetables, fowls, butter, eggs, &c., would be the best of markets, and he will turn from you with an incredulous smile. But, establish the factory, and the same man will inform you with exultation and amazement, “ why, sir, I make more money by sell ing the surplus of my plantation to fac tory people than I do from the whole of my cotton crop.” We want occular demonstrations.— We must see a factory in operation, be fore we will do justice to the business. And Hinds had better follow the example of the enlightened planters of Warren. Offer a premium of so many bales of cot ton, annually for five years, to thoso who will establish a factory in our county. Madison will come next, if she does not get ahead of all. PIIILO-HINDS. Wool-growing in North Carolina. — We are pleased to learn that a lodgment is about to be made, which will soon test the peculiar suitableness claimed for the western part of North Carolina, for the business of wool-growing. A gentleman of much experience, after having trav elled over the Western States, in search of a good locality for rearing sheep, had his attention drawn to our western coun ties, by the correspondence which had then recently passed between our talent ed Representative, Mr. Clingman, and Mr. Skinner, of the Post Office Depart ment at Washington, long known for his ardent devotion to the Agricultural interests of the whole country. After personal reconoissance, this gentleman decided to remove, with his family, and settle himself for the present, in Bun combe county, in the persuasion that health, climate, cheapness of land, and all other considerations taken into view, that county possessed superior advanta ges ; and accordingly his flock of sheep, purchased chiefly in Western Pennsylva nia, is now on its way to Asheville, as al so his regular bred Scotch shepherd, and shepherd’s dogs, thoroughly trained to the business of driving and guarding flocks.— Raleigh Register. Wool Growing and Colton Manufactu ring in Mississippi. —The following is from the Natchez Courier of the 11th ult: “We were yesterday shown by our valued friend Samuel T. McAllister, Esq., a couple of samples of Wool sent to him by Mr. James Brown of Yazoo county. The Wool was of the finest, softest texture, far surpassing any we have ever seen. We were surprised when told than such an article had been raised in Mississippi, where until the few years past, but little attention had been given to such products, the cultivation of Cotton having occupied the entire time of our farmers. Mr. Brown sends Mr. McAllister a bale of Wool weighing 400 lbs., of excellent quality, which he de sires to exchange for Cotton Goods of Mr. M.’s manufacture, and writes that he will be able in a few months to send him ; another bale of Wool of superior quality. “ft is certainly pleasing to see" that our planters are beginning to take an in terest in Mr. McAllister’s enterprise of manufacturing, and to see what advan tage patronizing him will be to them.— Mr. M. is progressing finely with his flic-1 tory, having as much employment as his force can despatch, and making various articles of a quality inferior to none in the Union.” “ Line upon Line and Precept upon Pre cept.” We adopt the above maxim, as illustra tive of our determination in regard to our urgency on the Southern people, promptly and energetically to take up that line of policy which is alone neces sary to make them the most prosperous people on earth. We shall not cease our urgency on this topic, till that urgency becomes unnecessary from the thorough attention of our people to their own in terests. AUGUSTA, GA. FEBRUARY 8, 1845. And in strict connection with the gen eral article above, we would inquire, why may not the raising of Wool be brought with incalculable advantage in to the Southern system of diversified la bor? It is useless to tell us that our cli mate, or any other cause, in any sort j precludes the effort. It is not so. We [ have now before us, an account of most j successful wool raising in Mississippi, which states that the wool under review “ was of the finest and softest texture they had ever seen.” And in Mississip pi fine wool can be raised, can it not be more easily done in Georgia? There is no finer wool growing country in the j world, than in the upper and middle por- i tions of our State, and she will find it so whenever she will make the experiment. i Already, entire States at the North, base i a most cheering and substantial prosperi-1 ty on the raising of this article, almost i exclusively; why may not Georgia and i the South realize from it, as only one of their many thrifty and profitable sources of labor ? We shall recur to this again. —Milledgeville Recorder. Peach Trees. —Plant tansey around i the roots of peach trees. The peach | worm will not trouble them afterwards. I Muse elilWe@ls7” From the N. O. Picayune American Education. It is satisfactory to observe that there is a growing feeling throughout the land in favor of educating the rising genera tion in the principles of a republican creed—or, more properly speaking, of giving our youth educations in contradis tinctions to European ones. The task of breaking the thraldom of foreign lit erature has proved more difficult than that of severing the chains of political bondage. The power and courage of our forefathers redeemed the United States from the servitude of colonies, but the influence of tin. English bellos letters have survived, too long, the strug gle thnt terminated English political su premacy on the continent. Our schools —particularly our colleges—have con tributed in a great measure to imbue in to the American mind with notions in compatible with public life. The best English writers—those whose works take the rank of British classics—executed their compositions under the blazonry of a court, and the spirit of an established aristocracy breathes through the best of them. Not only is the influence of foreign literature felt in the tone it impresses upon the American thought, but it has in a fearful manner, superseded the ac quisition of a knowledge of our own country—its laws, geography, civil, po litical and past history. It has been a common occurrence to see young men leaving our universities thoroughly edu cated in the history of Greece and Rome, their rise progress and fall—and suffi ciently acquainted with the institutions, social, civil and religious, of Great Bri tain, and yet wonderfully deficient in knowledge of their own country. The exploits of Caesar, and the virtues of Alfred, occupy their thoughts to the ex clusion of those brighter examples of fortitude and patriotism which the annals of the revolution furnish. Though a knowledge of the ancient Republics, and a familiarity with the history of conti nental and insullary Europe, are accom plishments that become the scholar, statesman, or man of the world, We con tend that these should be held subordi nate to a thorough acquaintance with J the fundamental doctrines of American j liberty, and the circumstances and men , who achieved it. The great error in this system of edu cation consists in crowding the memory, when it is fresh and apt, with legends and chronicles of nations whose institu tions are dissimilar or hostile to those of our own country. The mind is preoccu pied with foreign lore before it is brought in contact with American history. It frequently happens, too, that our young j men, soon after leaving school, enter \ upon business pursuits that extinguish j within them all literary ambition. Such | persons go to their graves without be- j coming familiar with events that should j claim the first place in their memories. Their learning is all foreign to the du ties of citizenship, and instead of deri ving comfort and pleasure from literary reminisence, they are often annoyed and fretted because the energies of a free people transcends the straighted conduct prescribed for minions of a royal retinue. 1 hey cannot many of them distinguish between the manners formed upon the | principles of equal rights and rudeness. They have read so much of the knightly ; coutesy of the Presence Chamber, that j the sleek and soft demeanor of a cour* I tier, bending beneath the weight of a i royal smile, is more becoming than the manly deportment of a people who should be taught Irom infancy, that there are no distinctions in society worthy of respect other than those that spring out of supe rior merit and noble actions. It is a fatal mistake to commence the education of our youth by teaching them | foreign history. The period when the i mind is malleable and tenacious of im j pressions should be improved to stamp i upon it a purely American character. | The opposite system estranges the heart trom American institutions by directing the admiration towards the achievements of other times and other people than our own. When our young men, for the most part, begin to read American histo ry, the claims of Washington, and Han cock, and Adams upon their veneration and regard, have to struggle for admiss ion into bosoms already stuffed with for eign idols. Instead of grafting the ac complishments of learning upon an Amer ican root, republicanism is treated as an exotic amid foreign plants pressed into the luxuriance of an ingenious growth. Our system of education on this account, Itaving given anti-republicanism the ad vantage by allowing them the first access to the unformed mind. It is an augury of better things that those who have the instruction of Amer ican youth are awakening to the impor tance of so directing their studies that they will grow up American men. The first object of the teacher should be to store the mind with such knowledge of the great men and great actions of the country as will take the heart captive; to impress upon the pupil some idea of the vast destinies that await this nation and the influence it will exert upon the happiness and freedom of the world ; to imbue with a noble anxiety to contribute to the renown and glory of his own coun try ; and awaken in him a sense of the deep and solemn obligation he incurs of transmitting its liberties unimpaired to those who come after him. When this is done, all the Greek, Latin, and British classics, foreign histories, and court cir culars that were ever written will fail to corrupt his imagination or extinguish his love of freedom. He will form his tastes before consulting Westminster manmil liners, and express his opinions without dreading that fiat of Quarterly Reviews. A good wholesome native literature will be one of the fruits of the reformed sys tem of education. Poems and Roman ces commemorative of American his tory will supplant the thrice sifted chaff of the London press. Foreigners who visit our shores will be treated, too, with a measure of respect meted out accor ding to their claims to consideration and hospitality. We would never more wit ness the humiliating spectacle of grown men, free in the fullness of years, bring ing shame upon themselves and their country by prostrating themselves in ad oration of every foreign fidler, dancing woman, scribbler or fuzzylipped adven turer, who may chance to cross the ocean in search of dimes and dinners. A Party of Arab Women. As I returned to our tent, we met a party of women, who were going to a feast, shouting and screaming. The j Arab women are never so shy as the | Moors of the towns; and much less so | w hen in the presence of aNazarine than !in the presence of a man of their own race. So the ladies halted to have a good stare at me ; and lon my part, was quite prepared to bear the brunt of their jests and raillery. There were amongst them many fine girls, with large, black, pretty eyes, long eyelashes, and slender figures with little feet and ankles. Some i of them were dressed in caftans of red | j cloth, embroibered in gold or silver, over j which was a clear muslin dress; the i | neck was covered with large strings of ; j pearl or rude bits of un wrought coral; and : | they were encumbered with massive sil-1 jver anklets and bracelets, little different i in form and weight from the mannacles of our criminals. Silk kerchiefs, of Fas manufacture of glaring color interwoven with golden thread, were placed one above another, in pyrimidical form, upon their heads, and a rich sash of silk cn- | . WASHINGTONIAN TOTAL ABSTINENCE PLEDGE j ~ 1 v*e, whose fiaifips are hereunto an nexed, desirous of forming a Society iof our mutual benefit, and to'guard against a pernicious practice, which is irijuriou# to our health, standing and families, do pledge ourselves as Gentlemen, net to drink any Spirituous or Malt Liquors. Wine or Cider. [N T o. 30. j circled the waist above the hips. The ! poorer class were decently attired in a ! simple white frock reaching to their j knees, and girt with a small green band, the sleeves being large and open. Their ; hni f was in loose curls, hanging down j their back, hut spangled with curious silver ornaments, all had their cheeks highly rouged, or rather painted rose col | or; and their chins tattooed in line and dot work. One dame I oberved to have a patch of red leather on her cheeks.--» Their dark eyes were rendered yet dark er by alcohol, (a preparation made up chiefly of the sulpher of antimony,) and the tips of their fingers and toes were dyed with henna. I put them in a good humor by declaring my unbounded°sat isfaction with them all, and the compli ment was fully returned by one of the party.— Hay's Barbary. Rich Auciei.ts. i ithias, tiie Lydian, when Xerxes en« tered Gieece, says Herodotus, possessed two thousand talents in silver, and four millions daries in gold amounting to five million and a half of English pounds. Marcus Grassus, the Roman, after consecrating the tenth of all he had to Hercules, feasted all the people of Rome at ten thousand fables, made a donation to each citizen of as much corn as would last him three months, and had 7,100 tal ents, or more than $1,500,000. Ihe which overlaid one room of Solomons lemple, the “sanctum sanc torum,” 30 feet square, and 30 feet high, amounted to 600 talents, or nearly $21,- 000,000. Lucullus, a Roman senator, when he supped in one of his halls, which he call ed Apollo—and there he supped often— never sat down to a supper which cost him less than 50,000 denarii, or SB,OOO. Plutarch, speaking of one of his sup pers, at which only one guest was pres ent, says the supper cost Lucullus five myriads, by which it is supposed he means 50,000 denarii. Pride and Poverty. Some editor very truly remarks that ; there are hundreds of families in the j country that have no small income, and j yet arc poor —and will remain so for life, unless they turn over a new leaf and live as they ought. The members of such families are proud and extravagant, and expend a large amount to keep up appear ances, and continue in the ranks of fash ion. We can point to many such peo ple, who might now be in independent circumstances, were it not for their pride. The children in such families are fur nished with every thing to gratify their folly, as if the outward appearance were a guarantee to their respectability and f uture success. If there is any thing we despise it is the union of pride and pover ty —the keeping up of appearances to the sacrifice of comfort and health.— The money that has been expended by such persons for the last two or three years if taken proper care of, would now place them in comfortable circumstances, if not sufficient to purchase dwellings to shelter them in the decline of life. T riend, if you are poor, don’t be proud. Never scant your belly to cover your back, and make a fine appearance.— Your wise neighbors but laugh at your | folly, while those you strive to imitate, j look upon you with contempt. Dont la j bor to conceal your poverty. It is far I preferable to wear a four penny calico to ! meeting and having it paid for, with | plenty to eat, than dash about in silk, I which have been credited to you, while you have scarce a decent meal in your house. Pride will ruin you sooner or later, so be wise and divest yourself of folly and dress according to your means. No one whose opinion is worth a straw —for your plain dress and hard hands, which tell plainly that honest labor is no stranger to you will think the less of you ; indeed such an appearance, if tidy, in nine ca ses out of ten, is the best recommenda tion. Sleep is death’s youngest brother, and so much like him that I never trust him without my prayers.— Sir T. Browne. Contentment. —The fountain of con tent must spring up in the mind ; and he who has so little knowledge of human nature as to seek happiness in changing anything but his own disposition, will waste his life in fruitless efforts, and multiply the griefs which he proposes to remove.