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sf, f J=] £ IF >v 2Mt K.
From the Mississimnan.
Cotton Hands.
Upon examining the re|»ort of lltc su
perintendent of the penitentiary for the
past year, we find that the institution has
more than paid all current expenses, be-j
sides paying off some debts of former
vears. The penitentiary seems to be ef
ficiently and humanely managed without
expense to the state.
Major Weir has introduced, what we|
think, will proven great source of sa
vin" and profit to all planters.
The turning laths and spinning ma
chines, as well as the horse power of the
penitentiary, are worked w ith trocen cot
ton bonds ; instead of leather.
The principle hand ot machinery is of
it has now been in constant use
for about eight months, mid does not ap
pear to he worn or frayed in the least,
and is as good as new.
It is said by experienced mechanists,
that cotton gin hands will perform all the
offices of leather, and at the same time
will not, cost more than one fourth as
much as leather, and that they can he
made on any plantation where there is a
loom.
Stuipp Lifter. —What is the best kind
of rnnch no for taking out slumps? Ma
ny contrivances have been got up for the
purpose of clearing fields of slumps. —
One of the most common in this section
is the wheel and axis, mounted on high ■
posts so ns to lilt the stamps up. llt • |
Albany Cultivator has a cut of one'
which he savs costs three or four hun
dred dollars, anih which has cost the in-!
ventor, lir.-t and last, Sio.ooo to luiig
to perfection. This appears to be an
excellent machine, hut although it ic
quires hut u single hor.se to pull up a
stump of the largest rate, yet it costs
too mucliTor these “Higgins.”
We hav«i.seen the follow ing very sim
ple plan ol plump clearing, adopted with
good success.
Take a strong stiff hard wood stick oj
timber, sav filteon or twenty feet long
and six inches is dinmeti r. Cut round
the stump and takeotf some «l the roots.
Then place the timber upright against
the stuiupund chain them together strong
From the upper end which is now in the
air, let the chains pass to the axeltrec ol
a pair of cart wheels, to tlie tongue ol
which a pair of strong oxen are attach- j
ed. When all is ready, start the oxen j
along, and the stump “ keels orer" as < a- i
sy as yon capsize a cabbage in a garden. ;
—Me'. Fa.
——
Bees. —To prevent the moth laying its
eggs under the hive, 1 have for the Inst |
several years cut a mortice in the bench
about an inch deep, and about two inches
longer than the hive, and the hive is then j
set in this mortice, and the space ol
about one inch all around it is filled with
mortar; then three inch anger holes are
bored in the hive about two inches from
the bench, for the egress and ingress ol
the bees, and a small auger hole through
the bottom of the bench to let off water,
should any get under the hive. I have,
near night watched the moths attempt
ing to enter through these holes, and
seen the bees chasing them away.
Make your own Cand'cs. —Take two
pounds of alum for every ten pounds of
tallow, dissolve it in water la-lore the tal
low is put in, and then melt the tallow
in the alum water, with frequent stirring
and it clarifies and hardens the tallow so
as to make it a most beautiful article for
winter or summer use, almost as good as
sperm.
A True Picture.
The following pictuie of a southern
planter, as we too often find him, is from
the graphic pen of our friend Wilson, of
the Planter’s Banner. There is a deu
ced sight more truth than poetry in it.
By the bye our planters will probably
learn a little gumption, and then we shall
be happy to see the picture reversed, but
until then candor compel's us to ac-
AUGUSTA WASHINGTONIAN.
A WEEKLY PAPER: DEVOTED TO TEMPERANCE, AGRICULTURE, & MISCELLANEOUS READINGS.
Vol. 11l ]
knowledge its correctness. — N. O. Trop
ic.
Now lor the picture of the planter.
He wouldn’t sell a chicken, nor a dozen
of eggs, nor a bushel of peaches, nor a
calf, for any consideration’ He Unbare
that! He raises co'lon—he does! He
rides in a six hundred dollar carriage, for
which he is in debt. His (laughters
ilirum a pianno that never will he paid for.
He hays corn which lie could raise at ten
; cents a b i*hol, and pays sixty stents lor
i<, alter 2 1-2 per cent advance to his
commission merchant. lie could raise
his own tobacco, yet he pays 82 a pound
for '‘Richmond scented.” lie could
raise his own hogs —yet he patronizes
Cincinnati. The consequences are dis
astrous. Being the possessor of one
staple, he fluctuates with the market of
that article. He takes the “ Price Cur
rent"—he pays postage—he gobbles
down English news like a comorant
If he sells to-day, he*ll lose—therefore
lie’ll wait for better advices. He is
“mixed up” in cotton, and a gambler
therein. Meantime he wants money ;
drafts on his factor! lie wants cotton
goods t.nd clothes for his plantation, that
he could make at home. He orders
them and feels “large.” The manufac
turer, the insurer, the shipper, the freight
er, the drayman, the warehouse man,
the seller, and finally the commis
sion merchant, all have a finger in the
pie of the profits, and the proud, foolish
punter pays them all. The year closes,
and he is “ up to the eve-brows” in debt !
This is the result of his not “ca'ciila
ting” nor even guessing the difference
hetwi e» funning and planting. One
supports a family; the other supports
prule. until 'pride gets a fall.’ ”
_M 03 ffiEIUL A Dm □
Two Military Executions in Spain,
111 the autumn of 1837, a mutiny broke
out in the town of Villawayn, in Hivav.
Two halations revolted, took possession
of the place, and impiisoncd or sent
away their officers. Tin* troop of cav
alry to which I belonged, was at that
time attached to the division of (jene a!
Castaneda, who marched against Villar
cavo, and took it after a three day’s]
st ige. The rebellious halallious express
ed their penitence and were allowed In
icturii to tin ir duly, will the except ion
of the ringleaders, who were tried bv a !
court martial, and eight of them con
demned to ho shot.
It was all very easy condemning them,
Imt the difficulty was to carry the sen
tence into execution without exciting
IVesh disturbance s. The Spanish army
was just then in a very had state of dis
c’plino. Duiing the summer of that
year there had been mutinies in various
garrison towns, especially at Miranda.
Pampeluna, Viitoriu, and llernani, in all
of winch officers of' rank had lost llicit
lives. Espaitero’s vigorous measures,
and some severe examples that lie marie,
were certainly beginning to get things]
into better order; hilt still it was a nil
ieal time, anti Castaneda was obliged to
an lar con cuidado, as the* Spaniards say,
which means, being translated to “mind
his eve.” Ue would not entrust ther .xe- I
euiion of the mutineers to the ballullionx
to which they belonged, because lie feared
another outbreak ; and on the other hand
it would, according to Spanish military
ideas and customs, be a mortal affiant t,.
those hatlallions if men out of their ranks
were shot by any other corps of tlie ar
my.
At last the general hit upon away to
get out of this difficulty. One night or
ders were given to the whole division to
he on the move at daybreak the ncxi
i morning. Only the troop of English
cavalry was excepted. The Spaniards
matched accordingly, and an hour or
two afterwards we were formed up just
outside the town, the prisoners were
brought out, and. were given to under
stand that the Ingleses were expected to
find the firing party. To this we ol
course had a very great objection, w hich
we respectfully stated to the staff officer
who had left in command of the garrison,
representing to him that our duty was
not that of executioners, and that by for
cing such a duty on us he was exposing
us to become objects of contempt and
dislike to tlie whole Spanish army. The
officer, probably, had orders not to press
the matter if we objected, and he then
said that the national guards of Villar
cavo, who were drawn up on the ground,
must do it.
Those nationals, who bad boon put un-
AUGUSTA, GA. MARCH 15, 1845.
dor arms to act as a gnrison in the ah
sconce of the regulars, were the most un
soldierly looking fellows [ ever set eves
on, dressed in everv sort of wav, some
in plain clothes, with cross be'lsand shal
tos, others in uniform coats with a round
hat. Their arms were as various as
their garb, consisting *of old muskets,
with and without bayonets, carbines, ri
fles. and fowling-pieces, most of them of
a beautiful brown color from rust, and
likely to be quite as dangerous to those
who fired them ns to those they were
fired at. From these militia-men, how
ever, a firing party was selected. The
unfortunate, prisoners were made to kneel
down in front of a wall, and a scatter
ing, irregular volley was fired at them.
Some of the muskets would not go off.
and those which did had been so»hadlv
aimed, that only one of the men was
killed, though all were wounded. It
was the most horrible scene l ever be
held. 'Flie poor wretches, some of l Item
stretched on the ground, others still on
their knees, were writhing in an agony
of pain and terror, and imploring a spee
dy death.
“ For Dios, malar nos’ For God’s
sake kill us ! Cut us out of our misery !”
The nationals had to load again, and
s me of them had no second cartridge;
the muskets of others had missed fire,
anil they had nothing wherewith to draw
he charge or pick out the touch-hole.
By some extraordinary negligence, no
reserve filing parly had been told off.—
At last a second volley was fired, lint
even this was not quite sufficient, and
one poor fellow was finished with a pis-
Ini. It was perfect butchery, and made me j
fool quite siek. and ns to the men of tlie
troop, although all follows accustomed to
wounds and bloodshed, their faces, as I
glanced along the line, wero as white as
their belts.
At nnolher execution that 1 witnessed
a characteristic incident occurred. Ii
wn« in jVtivnr«*«»j n 4 ii |K>riui{ «>♦* (1h» wav
when the system ot reprisals was carried
to a great length by both parties. The
Carlists had been committing some at
Irocilies, murdering prisoners, or some
thing of that kind, and hv wav of retal
iation, twenty out of a number of pris.
oners whom the queen’s tumps had re
eeiilly made, were to be shot. Tlie vie-1
tuns had to he chosen by let, and lor this
purpose they were hrofight out of lie ii |
place of confinement. A wretched-lock- ]
mg set they certainly were. Although ]
ihey hail not been verv long prisoners ]
ihe stale of squailid misery into which '
ihey had sunk was really pitiable. They j
were of all ages, from lads of sixteen to ]
men of sixty, or who, at least, looked as \
old as that, being perhaps piemaiurelv
aged by the life of privations which the\
had led and by the sufferings of their
captivity. There was no lack, however,
of fine, stalwart fellows, with bronzed
laces, muscular forms, bushy beards, and
flair hanging in long carls over their
necks; models of Spanish mountaineers
whose iron frames enabled tin hi In hen ]
up against all hardships. 'Fhe varieties
of dress were strange and striking e
nough. The poor devils had none o!
them too much clothing, and what they
had was, for the most part, worn and tat
tered. Here might he seen a man with
a lull, dress coat, the dices soiled and
greasy, a strand or too of an old tarnish
epalettu dangling from his shoulder ]
lumpen sandals, and a pair of linncn ]
trousers, formerly white, completing his !
costume. This was an officer, hut ma
ny were not even so well off as that
Jackets with a sleeve or the cohir lorn
..ff were abundant, shirts hv no means
numerous, and shoes very rare. There i
was one old follow amongst them who at
tracted my notice particularly. He was
just the sort of man one sees in pictures ol
Napoleon’s rieille guarde, with soldier
legildy written on every one of his fea
tures, and in every movement of his up
right, military figure; his hands and
face weather beaten to the color of ma
hogany ; his gaze stern and fixed ; his
thick iron gray moustache covering his
mouth, and the points descending almost
on his breast. He had evidently made a
sort of attempt to furnish himself up for
his melancholy parade. His uniform
jacket had had the dust knocked out of
it, and was buttoned up close to the chin,
as well as the intermittent buttons would
allow; bis foragecap, or rather what re
mained of it, was placed on his head
with a certain air of smartness, and his
shoes were fastened with bits of twine.
Pipe clay and blacking bad of course
not been at bt9 command.
j I was oil the parade ground as a mere
spectator, and while we were waiting
the arrival of the officer commanding, I
walked up so the prisoner I had descri
bed, and offered him a cigarette, at the
same time -giving him the one 1 was
smoking to light it with. Ilis face
brightened up with pleasure, and he
thanked me energetically.
“ Mil grntias, senor /” said he. “It
is many days since [ lasted tobacco.”
“ Do you miss it much?” I asked.
“ More than anything,” was the reply.
“ Dios suite, or ration of final is small
enough, hut I would give half of it each
day for half a cigar.”
“ I can understand that,” said I, “ in an
old soldier, “and you appear to he a very
old one.”
“ Bastan/e riejo. Old enough,” said
lie, “lam a soldier since 1800. I have
served with your countrymen, senor,’
added lie, with a giim smile, "with your
it rail gencul, eon el horde Velingtone. —
All! those were times ! Habinn sol ados
entonres. There were soldiers then; hut
non—Pali!”
And taking a huge puff at his paper
cigar, lie looked around with much con
tempt at the hovs and invalids hv whom
lie was for the most part surround*tl, and
at a batallion of rather raw look it g
Christian recruits that was drawn up ai
right angles with the line of prisoners.
I had a packet of cigarettes in mv pock
et, and I took them out and offered them
to the old man.
“Many thanks, sir,” said lie; “ho me
harenfolia. I shall not want them; in
stay —you won’t miss it.”
And taking the cigars from my hand
lie turned round and gave them to a
prison, r in the rank behind, who clutch
]ed them eagerly. Before I had lime to
a>k the meaning of this strange proceed
ing. the general and his staff’ galloped up
the troops stood at attention, and I wa
ohliged to step one side; with my curiosi
ty ungrntified.
Presently a shako was brought round,
containing the lots which the prisoner.'
were to draw. I was still ohservirg tin
ol I soldier, and was near enough to lieai
what passed, it rime to his turn in
draw, and the shako was held out to him
“Pose rd. adelante." growl, d the vet
cran. “Move on. and never tnind me-
Put me down as a dead man. Fin icidy.’
“ Pero ljombre! sai l ail officer win j
was superintending llie drawing, “tr\
your luck,the chances are ten to one io
y< ur favor. A’ou mast draw.”
The CaHist persisted in ids refusal.
“I do nsl want to draw."said he. “1
know what it will he as well as if I had
lone so. M v luck has always Itecn had
and is not likely to change to day.”
The • tlicer insisted, however, and th»
manat length reluctantly put in his hand
anil drew out a piece of paper.
‘•There!’’ said he, as lie sh.wlv un
folded it, ami exhibited the fatal words ti
those around him. “ Lo he dicho —l
sit id il would he so ”
And with a hitler smile lie resumed his
cigar, ami began puffing away with the
same composure as before. He and hi>
nineteen companions in misfortune wire
marched into the Carlist country and
shot. There was no bungling tins lime.
At the word *• Fire,” the twenty victim
tell like one man. all dead.— Phil. North
American.
InU-rt sling liicitl. o'.
One of the most remarkable incidents
for which a reflecting mind requires a
more reasonable train of causes than
those of mere chance, occurred in this
city last Friday. As Mr. Hartmann
Fitcht. Decorative Artist, of No. 252
Pearl street, a native ol Germany, but foi
ien years a resident of this country, (and
who is well and favorably known as the
designer and executor of the paintings
in the Floating Chapel and other church
es in this city.) was walking in Broad
way, he was accosted in French by a
gentleman about his own age, nearly six
ty, who Ksked to lie directed to Broad
way. Mr. Firht replied, “this it it;"
and looking at the stranger, with a faint
idea that his features were not altogeth
er unfamiliar, engaged him in a short
conversation, which ended by Mr. F in
quiring, “Do you know me?” The
stranger perused his features intently,
and replied, “ Are you Field ? ’ “lam:
and you are <■ ■ ■ !” was the answer, and
the two old men almost rushed into each
other’s arms. The story is this:
They were old comrades under Napo
leon. They belonged to the Bth Rpgi
ment of Hussars, and fought side by
side in Austria and Prussia, acd wero to-
I WASHINGTONIAN
TOTAL ABSTIXEXCE PLEDGE.
J We, whose names are hereunto aij
nrxcil, ilcsirtius of forming a Sun. ty for
our mutual horn fit, and to guaril against
a pernicious practice, which is injurious
to our health, standing and families, do
pledge ourselves as Gknti.kmkn, not to
i drink any Spirituous or Malt Liquors,
j 1 Vine ur Cider.
[Xo. 35
, gether during the campaign in Russia,
ami the disastrous hut brilliant retreat
that ensued. Their Regiment was 1000
strong when it entered Russia; when it
reached Moscow it numbered hut 300,
and. forming part of the advance guard
wmler Murat, was almost daily in battle.
After the retreat, but ten could he found
of the whole regiment, among whom were
these two comrades. Mr. Ficht was
taken prisoner during tljc retreat, and,
separated from his com parronVa rid. after
many romantic hardships and adventures,
removed in his old age to Ibis country,
where lie expects to end his days, hut
still as ready to draw his sword for his
adopted land as he wns for his Emperor.
A1 the other survivors of that ill-fated
regiment have since Hied, and Mr. F. sup
posed himsell the Inst, until the otherdav,
when, after more than thirty years’sepn
ration, his old companion thus chnneed to
accost him in a crowded street, in a
strange city, and, among a population of
nearly 40() 000 souls ! A more remark
aide instance of the kind never occurred.
A few moments only were all that these
two old veterans had in which to talk
over the past. The stranger had passed
through various vicisiltules, and had just
arrived in the cii v on his way to join his
sons, who had settled in the Far West,
and who were to meet him in Albany on
that dnv. They parted after this short
inteiview, never, in all probability, to
meet again, until they, with all their rog
bnent, are summoned by a louder blast
ihan ever woke them front their slumber
>n the battlefield.— N. Y. True Sun.
For Puren!s —I he ordinal ion of prov
idence, says a distinguished writer, is
that home should form our character.—-
rite first object of parents should be to
make home interesting. It is a bad sign
" henever children have to wander from
the parental roof for amusement. Pro
vide pleasure for them around their own
fireside and among themselves. The ex
cellent Leigh Richmond pursued this
p'an—had a museum in his house, and
xcrled every nerve to interest his little
dock. A love of home is one of the
I rentes! safeguards in the world for man.
Do you ever see men, who delight in
their own firesides, lolling about taverns
tnd oyster cellars? Implant this senti
meat early in a child, it is a mighty pre
servative ngainst vice.
Arsenic. —A woikman in England was
poisoned and died from working up ar
unfit: in the manufacture of composite
'andles, for the purpose of giving them
the appearance of wax. His arm nnd
flit mis were swollen, purple patches grad
nt ly covered his arm, showing the pu
resent state of his blood. The poison
uas more lardy in itsrffccts, by absorp
ion, than if taken internally, but equally
•ertain. Caution must be used in work
mg with arsenic,
lorlitude oj a Ho'/. —Galignani’s
Messenger, relates the following singular
nst a nee of fortitude in this savage prow
.er of the forest. A wolf was lately
•aught by one of the paws in a snare
<et near Irnphy, in the department of the
Loire; but it bad sufficient strength to
I rag the snare after it, and swim across
lie river. Being seen, it was pursued,
•ml its fbllowers gaining on it rapidly, it
suddenly stopped and hit off the paw,
h rehy getting rid of the object which
npceeil its flight, and then escaped.
Two young iik ii ai Mobile, fell out a
few days since about a young latlv—a
hie! was nsolved upon and the parlies
net. Ihe seconds loaded the pistols
with powder, nnd the principals bluzcd
iway nt each other. One of them im
tgitiing that the sudden thump of his
heart against his ribs when he fired, was
lis adversary’s bullet taking comfortable
quarters inside of him, grew terribly
iTightened, and on being assured of his
•inletv expressed himself so dissatisfied
with duelling, that he at once yielded up
his claim to the young lady rather than
to be popprrt at again.
A French Hull —A Paris paper states
that, in consequence of the scenes of
disorder which have sometimes arisen at
the churches during midniglu mass, that
the ceremony will be performed at 8
o’clock in the morning. This reminds
us of a change once made in the meet,
ings of a provincial club in Ireland,
which was thus announced: Notice is
hereby given, that the quarterly meeting
of this society will in future be held ev*
ery six weeks, and not every two months,
as formerly.