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Cottstittitnmalwf & JUjiuMir. j JAMES GARDNER, JR., ) AND > Editors. JAKSS M. SMYTHE, ) TERMS. | Datlt. p*r annum, in advance $8 00 Tar-WsKELJ, per annum • J 00 W KKKI.Y. 0r fifcbuu*. if paid in advance 1... 200 These terma£re offered to new Hubecriberg, and to old | • abucribera wlro ptfr up all arrearage*. In no c**e will the Weekly paper be sent at %2 } »n -leas the money astompanits the order. In n ca.se will it be sent at $2 to an old eubecnber in j arrears. When the year paid for at $2 expires, the paper, ( ilnot discontinued, or paid for in advance, will be aent on the rid terms. $2 50 if paid at the office within the ; rear, or $3 if paid at the expiration of the year. r:'?* Postage must be paid on all communications and letters ef business. TERMS OF ADVERTISING. One square (12 lines,) 60 cents the first ineertion ; and 37J cents for the next ft insertions, and 2S cents for each subsequent insertion. Contract* made by the year, or for a leas period, on reasonable terms. LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Sheriffs Levies, 30 days. |2 60 per levy ; 60 days. $5. Executor s. Administrator's and Guardian's Sales, Real Estate, (per square, 12 lines) $4 76 Do do. Personal Estate * 26 Citation for Letter* of Administration 2 76 Do. do. Dismission 4 60 Notiee to Debtors dnd Creditors... 6 26 Four Months' Noticoa 4 00 Rules Nisi, (monthly) $1 per square, each Insertion. O'* ALE REMITTANCES PER MAIL, ana ai or* aisx. A Week's Work. Sunday—church doors enter in, Rust from toil, repent of sin; Strive a heavenly rest to win. Monday—to your calling, go: Servo tno Lord; lovo friend and foe; To the tempter, answer No. Tuesday—do what good you can; Livo in pence with God and man; Remember life is but a span I 1 Wednesday—givoaway and earn ; j Teach sorno truth, some good thing leara; Joyfully good for ill return. e Thursday—build your houso upon ? Christ, the mighty comor stono ; Whom God helps, his work is done. 1 Friday—for the truth bo strong; Own your fuult, if in the wrong; ( Put a bridle on your tonguo. Saturday—thank God and sing; * Tributo to his treasury bring) Bo proparod for Terror's king! Thus—your hopes on Josus cast— ] Thus lot all your weeks bo past, { And you shall be savod at last. Woman's Rights. Why such confusion when wo see The ladies a la Uloomer f In this at least -we should permit Thom to enjoy their humor. If naturo in her kindest mood Uavo fair propotions to them, It is but right that fashion should Permit the dears to Bhow thorn. Though sappy heads with sapless limbs There aro enough—l know it— To cry for sliniuo ! My notion is They're right. So,, lot ’em go it. (From the Marietta .Advocate, 11(4 ins(.) 001. Chastain’s Bargain and Sale. We ask the attention of every voter to the conclusive evidence in the lett u r of tHfe Hon. Thomas C. Hacket. The plain statement there made shows, beyond the possibility of denial, how Col. Chastain came to change his coat, and how he caitie to get the nomination to Congress. With this evidence, we ask, how can any honest minded vot >r put in the ballot box a vote for Chastain? In electing to high and respectable offices, the citizen is under an obligation of duty and conscience to seek the good of his country, or it is a matter of indifference how he votes, atid for whom. If the former—if the citizen, in cas ting his vote, has a duty to perform, then many an honest Constitutional Union man will awfully strain his conscience in voting for Chastain. If the latter—if it makes no difference whether the candidate is trust-worthy or not, honest or other wise. then votes might as well be bought and sold as any other way. But we cannot believe that the people of Cherokee Georgia will so far prostitute the privileges of freemen as, by their , ballots, to select Klijah Chastain to represent ; them in Cdngiets, when they have such pssitive proof of his utter unworthiness. Read. Leiianon, Sept. 4, 1851. I understand that Col. Chastain, in his various speeches, takes occasion to denounce as false the charge that any proposition was ever made to him, in relation to his being run for Congress, in ' the event that he would abandon his Southern I Rights doctrine, and the party, and join the Con- j gtitutional Union party. He also denounces those who have made the statement, as guilty of false- ! hood.—l have made the statement, and will now ] very beieily give the tacts upon which 1 made it, which I would have done sooner but for my extreme ill health. A few days before the August Term of Cass Superior Court, 1850, in conversation with a certain prominent Union man of Cass county, upon the subject of politics, the position of differ ent men, tic., he mentioned Col. Chastain, whose position he seemed to be more astonished at than that of any other min, he, Chastain, being at that time what is termed a “fire-eater,” or dis uuionist. He spoke of Chastain as being an ac tive partizan, veiy useful, Btc.; and remarked, among other things, that if he were a Union man, his chance for the next Congress would be very good—for, said he, Col. Chastain would have been my choice overbuy other man in the Di strict; and further remarked, that he had not lost all hope ofhim yet, tor, said he, I think that if a few of his old friends were to give him a plain talk that he would yet be right. There is one way, said he, that he ran be influenced —WE MUST PROMISE TO RUN HIM FOR CONGRESS! He further remarked he should see him the next" week, and would say to him, that if he were a Union man that he and his friends would be for him for the next Congress. I subsequently saw this gentleman after he had spent a day or two, and perhaps one nigr t, with the Colonel at his own house, aud he then said to me that it was all right, that he had succeed ed. I then remarked, yju had to promise to run him for Congress ? His reply was—l told him that if he would join the Union party that my self and friends would go for him. I replied, and he acceded to your proposition ? His answer was, HE DID; or, to use his own language:— “WHEN I MADE THE PROPOSITION HE BIT AT IT LIKE A TROUTAT A M INNER} HE IS NOW A GOOD UNION MAN, AND WILL BE OUT IN A LETTER TO THAT EFFECT IN THE NEXT STANDARD.” The letter appeared in the next Standard , and the Colonel has been from that day up to the Convention, openly electioneering for Congress; and the gentleman of Cass, together with those whom he controls, have been openly and active ly engaged for him. These are the facts, together with a few of the circumstances, upon which I made the state ment. Col. Chastain, however, says that any one who says that such a proposition was ever made to him, on t hat subject, is guilty of false hood. The gentleman from Cass said that he made it—not only made it, but that the Col. ac ceded to it. So the falsehood, connected with this matter, lies between the Colonel and the gentleman of 1 Cast, which they must reconcile. THOS. C. HACKETT. 1 lWagon Artillery. About 182—, an expedition of the U. States troops, composed of a detachment of the 6th Foot, j eft Fort Leavenworth, then a mere cantonment I or the far west. On the route they were com pletely invested by a large party of wild Indians, I who charged up to their very lines, shaking their long copper lances in the very face of the Foot, md menacing them, in case one should break the ine, with certain destruction. Charge after ?barge was made, until the veteran officer in command—the present General Riley—gave the >rder—Fire! The fighting Sixth threw in its aden hail, and the chivalry of the prairie was iwept from before them like a summer cloud. The command ofMajor Riley had with them i six pound gun, which they had been on the point of abandoning halfa dozen times, out which iovf~ came into play. Elevating it to an angle >f 45 degrees, and filling it almost to the tampion with largrage, the Major waited his opportunity. The Indiana, after the fire of the Sixth, had re peated to the top of a MA prairie teton, or mound, where they made all imaginable derisive gestures it the American troops. A group of several hundred had gathered on the very pinacle of the hill, when the Major gave the order to fire the solitary gun. The shot and largrage fell on the laminar limestone of the hill, each fragment of the rock proving fatal, as a shot, and more than twenty ot the red-skins falling dead and wound ed. Away went the party of Indians; and after a rapid retreat, went into the depart imento of Tex as, which did not belong to Uncle Sam, exhibit ing the greatest alarm. Major Riley returned home, and after the lapse of some time, visited St. Louis, where he met with a gentleman named Coffee, a son of the fa mous defender of Mobile, in 1815. “Hallo, Riley !” “Hallo! yoursel.” “What did you do to the Camanche V “Whipped them.” “You did more than that.” “What?” “I will tell you. They came to my post last all, and said: ‘We have been beaten. The llanitou is angry. We do not care for rifles, for ve have them. We care not for the horn gun [musket and bayonet,) but the man in the prairie hot a wagon at us /” This was the first time the Camanche had ever een artillery, and poor Ben Moore used to say, rhen the Indians came, it was only necessary o wheel your wagons into a battery, and they rould riever wait for you to fire at them. The Union announces with some degree of xultation that it has received a despatch from lanton, Mississippi, dated September Bth, to the iffect that Gen. Quitman had abandoned the ield, and was no longer a candidate for Gover lor. There is, of course, no published signa ure—but the Union says, in explanation of its lubrication of it: “as it bore a responsible signa ure, the fact which it states admits of no doubt.” We are not so easy on that score as our con ;emporary. We do not put much faith in what ire always called responsible signatures. So many itatements, equally reliable, have come from the West of late, that we do not doubt but the Union has been deceived. We believe we should have received similar intelligence had there been any truth in it General Quitman will not give in, unless compelled to do so by ill health. The Union is supporting the cause of Foote, is in fact siding with the Whig, while it pro fesses to belong to the Democratic party. That those who now proclaim themsekes friends of the Union will Show their Whig colors before long, we have little doubt And then what course will our cotemporary take? We appre hend it will look with another eye upon the course of the Southern Rights party, aud find less fault with the just and independent course which the Southern Press has all alongadopted in up holding the constitutional rights ol the South.— Southern Press, 10(4 inst. The Golden Harvest. —The New York Tri bune says: “ The Georgia brings $1,500,000 on freight, aud $400,000 in the hands of passengers, making $1,900,000, which is the full amount ex pected l»y her. The receipts from California within the week have then probably been, per Prometheus, $ 400.000 Empire City, 100,000 Georgia, 1,900,000 Total $-2,400,000 At New Orleans, 250,000 Total, $2,650,000 The month promises to yield ss,ooo,ooo,which is considerably beyond the amount wenhall pro bably export. Although we shall continue to export largely of Coin, certainly until the new Cotton crop begins to go forward, yet it must be remembered that we have already paid twenty eigth millions of dollars of our indebtedness to Europe in specie, aud so much balance of trade is out of the way. The marble palace dry goods store in New York, known as Stewart’s, is to be-opened.— It is five stores high, ami now extends from Reade to Chambers streets, fronting one hun dred and fifty-one feet on Broadway. It fronts one hundred feet on Chambers street, and its length in Reade street, is one hundred and twen ty-seven feet. There are also large vaults be neath the street, two hundred aud seventy eight feet in length, well lighted by numer ous gratings, and so well finished that it is diffi cult for a visitor to realize that he is under ground. Below these, and extending under the whole tmildiug, are vast sellers, stored with goods not required for immediate use. The ave rage value of stock in the store is upward of two millions of dollars.. [Correspondence of the Baltimore Sun.] Washington, Sept. 7, 1851. The Government, I understand, is not under any apprehension that any further demand will be made upon their extreme energy and vigi lance for the prevention of more crusaders a gainst Cuba. But, last evening, we had, from New Orleans, authentic acccounts that the Pam pero has actually taking a considerable number of emigrants from Florida to Cuba. I wonder if the Government knew or ever will know any thing about it. Will any more “ stringent and precise orders” be given, the day after the affair 1 We have received further information trom private and Spanish sources, which goes to con firm the impression, produced by other facts, that the Captain General of Cuba was made well ac quainted with the Lopez expedition, and the names of those persons in Cuba who were in the plot, some time before the Pampero left New Orleans, and that he was well prepared and de sirous to receive the invaders. It is certain that he knew at what point Lopez was advised by his Cuban compatriots to land. There can be no doubt, in fine, that while Lopez was going on to execute his part in the plot, and acting in perfect good faith to all whom he enlisted with him, his com-plotters in Cuba had no designs but to betray him and his three. They and the Captain General ofCuba encouraged him to come to Cuba, and some of our own public officers took care to throw no impediment in his way. lon. A Pejzlek. —ln taking the census in one of the western towns, the enumerator found in one of the papers, under the head, “ Occupation, &c.,” the entry “ Zooker,” carried out opposite the name of the a young child. He enquired the meaning of the entry, and received the following solution of the enigma trom the mother of the child : —“ Aw ! that's my chell 1 He hath’n left off yooking (sucking) net, zo that’s es occupa tion.” The Boston Times learns from a reliable source, 1 that a lump of hail, weighing two hundred and seventeen pounds, fell near Dover N. H., on the >oth ult. The mass was observed at a considera te elevation before it descended, and created no ittle alarm among a number of people. It for :unately fell in a bog, and did no other damage than to throw up mud and dirt upon all who were in the vicinity. A Tragedy Equal to that of the Boman Lucretia, , The last letter of the European correspondent to the St. Louis Republican is unusually interest ing. From it we extract the following tragic in cident at Verona, Italy: “On the 15th of J une, at 9 o’clock in the even ing, M. Evangelisti, Chancellor of the Criminal Tribune, (which, I believe, means a kind of sheriff.) and a friend to His Holiness Pius IX, was assassinated in the street, as he was about entering the house of a friend. Mr. Evangelisti, celebrated for the violence of his character, treat ed the political prisoners under his charge with the greatest cruelty. Among others imprisoned for political offences, was a young man, of ex cellent character and family, and the husband of a beautiful and devoted wife. She had been, again and again, to Evangelisti, and on her knees implored him to intercede for the release of her husband. His answer was always the same; he would grant her request, but only on one con dition, which always made the beautiful woman bow her head in shame and leave the monster in despair. At last her husband’s sufferings were increas ed, and his state of health became alarming; the poor wife could bear it no longer; once more she went to Evangelisti, and returned with her hus band's pardon in her hand, and with dishonor branded upon her brow. But she was a Roman, and she did not forget the example of her ances tors. The next day her husband was free, but when the shadow of night fell over the city, the wife who had offered herself up a sacrifice for him she loved, watched alone in the street for her destroyer. Evangelisti left his house, but saw not who followed liim, knew not until he felt a dagger in his heart; then, as he looked up he saw two black eyes, which he knew even in their fury, as they gazed an instant upon him from out the hood of a man’s cloak. The next morning in one of the small rooms of the public bath house of Genoa, the dead body of the devo ted wife was found. She brought the tragedy to its most terrible point by ending her own life. The Pope, it is related, wept when he heard of the “ melancholy ” death of his dear friend and worthy officer, Evangelisti, and crowds gathered round his coffin and begged to see his face, and a brilliant cortege followed him to his tomb; but a broken-hearted husband and a motherless child, were all who accompanied to its last resting place, the body of Evaugelisti’s victim. Never, it is said, has the persecution of politi cal prisoners been so great in Italy, as at this time, and murmurs loud and deep against the Pope, are again raising from all quarters, and that at the first news of a disturbance in France, Italy would once more make an effort for her disentrallment from papal power. (Correspondence of the Baltimore Clipper.) Washington, Sept. 9, 1851. An Offence to Jloyalty—The American Minister to England and hit Wife —Royal Babies. There are many occurrences among the aris tocracy everywhere, the knowledge of which is studiously excluded from the “common people,” the plebians; but occasionally some of the pri vate doings, of interest to the public, leak out.— We have heard of a case recently communicated to a friend by a gentleman just returned from England, whose credulity cannot well be ques tioned. although he may have been joking when he, in a private party, mentioned the extraordi nary fact that Mrs. Abbott Lawrence not long since being at Buckingham Palace, actually took the liberty of kissing Queen Victoria’s youngest baby. Now, we republicans would not consider this a great offence; in fact, parents do not con sider it hurtful for their little ones to kiss the nurses, no matter what may be the color, or the general cut of the features. But royalty, even if carried in the arms, cannot be kissed with impuni ty. It is a high privilege not accorded to com mon blood. All this may be right, and in accor dance with the usages of kingly and queenly courts. The etiquette cannot be infringed. But the “over-stepping of the bounds” of propriety did not end with the kiss, it was made the sub ject of diplomacy, and Victoria's chief minister wrote a note to Mr. Lawrence, complaining ot the otlence. As we heard not the “ rumor of war,” it is to be presumed that a proper apology was made by the American Minister, uud theie fore " the two countries still enjoy an uninter rupted peace.” We all remember how the Brazilian Govern ment tlared up because Henry A. Wise, our min ister to that court, did not have the big guns of an American ship tired, and Hags run up, on the anniversary of the birth day of the Emperor’s child; and that the offence was considered tne more criminal because he stood God-father to an infant born on the ocean in a ship while on its way to California with a regiment of American armed sold ers, and made a speech in which he contrasted the two systems of republican and monarchical governments. However, Mr. Wise came home, and Mr. Tod was sent thither with a note to his Majesty in the torm of an ajiology. The matter were amicably arranged, and peace was still preserved to us. And as an evidence of this, it was officially announced that Mr. Tod danced with the Empress and Mrs. Toil with the Emperor. “ Cross hands and forward two!” Some of our ministers have heretofore made themselves ridiculous at court and fancy parties, especially while personating mock Dukes , but they ought to be required to represent us as republi cans and not as mountebanks, and all monkey cajiers should be rebuked by our General Gov ernment. (From Dr. Brewer's Guide to Sc ience.) Hints on Things Familiar. What is carbonic acid gas ? A gas formed by the union of carbon and oxygen. It used to be called “fixed air.” Under what circumstances does carbon most readily unite with oxygen ? 1. When its tem perature is raised ; thus if carbon be red hot, ox ygen will most readily unite with it; and 'l. When it forms part ot the lluid blood. Why do oxygen and caibon so readily unite in the blood ? Because the atoms of carton are so loosely attracted by the other materials of the blood, that they may unite very readily with the oxvgen of the air inhaled. Is carbonic acid wholesome? No: it is fatal to animal life; and (whenever it is inhaled,) acts like a narqoctic poison—producing drowsiness, which sometimes ends in death. How can any one know if t place to infested w'ith carbonic acid gas ? If a pit or well con tain carbonic acid, a candle (let down it) will be instantly extinguished. The rule, therefore, is this—where a candle will burn, a man can live; but what will extinguish a candle, will also des troy life. Why does a miner lower a candle into a mine before ne descends ? Because the candle will to extinguished, if the mine contains carbonic acid gaS; but if the candle is not extinguished, the mine is safe, and the man may fearlessly descend. Why does a crowded room produce head-ache? Because we breathe air vitiated by the crowd. Why is the air of a room vitiated by a crowd? Because it is deprived of its due proportion of oxygen, aud laden with carbonic acid. How is the air of a room affected thus by a crowd? The elements of the air (inhaled by the breath) are separated in the lungs,—the ox ygen is converted in the blood into carbonic acid; and the carbonic acid (together with the nitro gen) is then thrown off by the breath into the room. Is all the nitrogen rejected by the liltigs! Yes: all the nitrogen pf the air is always expired. Why is a crowded loom unwholesome? Be cause the oxygen of the air is absorbed by the lungs; and carbonic gas (which is a noxious poi son) is substituted for it. Mention the historical circumstance, so well known in-connexion with the “Black Hole of Calcutta.” In the reign of George ji, the Raja (or Prince) of Bengal, marched suddenly to Cal cutta, to drive the English from the country: as the attack was unexpected, the English were ob liged to submit, and 146 persons were taken pri soners. What became of these prisoners? The were, driven into a place about eighteen feet square and fifteen or sixteen feet in height, with only two small grated windows. 122 of the prison ers died in one night; and (of the twenty-three' who survived) the larger portion died of putrid fevers after they were liberated. Why were 123 persons suffocated in a few hours, from confinement in this close hot prison hole? Because the oxygen of the air was soon consumed by so many lungs, and its place sup- ; plied by carbonic acid, exhaled by the hot | breath. Why did the captives in the black hole die sleeping! 1. Because the absence of oxygen quickly affects the vital functions, depressess the 1 nervous energies, and produces a lassitude which ends in death; and 2. The carbonic acid gas (being a narcotic poison) produces drowsiness and death in those who inhale it. Why are the jungles of Java and Hindostan so fatal to life? Because vast quantities of carbonic acid are thrown off by decaying vegetables; and (as the wind cannot penetrate the thick brush wood to blow it away) it settles there, and de stroys animal life. Why do persons in a crowded church feel drowsy? 1. Because the crowded congrega tion inhale a large portion of the oxygen of the air, which can alone sustain vitality and healthy action; and 2. The air of the church is impreg nated with carbonic acid gas, which (being a strong narcotic) producesdrowsiness in those who inhale it. What is choke damp? Cabonic gas accumu lated at the bottom of wells and pits, which renders them noxious, and often fatal to life. Thf. Shop Girls op Paris. —The following is an extraet from “Fresh Glcanigns,” by Ike Marvel, and is a fair specimen of the sprightly style which pervades the whole work. “But if it be good philosophy to boar meekly with the cheaterics of the shopmen—it is doubly so with the shopgirls. The high-heeled shoes, and high head gear, that turned the soul of poor Lawrence Sterne, have in deed gone by, but the Grisette presides over gloves and silks yet, and whatever she may do with the heart-strings, she makos the purse-strings yield.— You will find her id every shop of Paris —(except thoso of the exchange brokers, were are fat, mid dle-aged ladies, who would adorn tho circles of Wall street)—there sho stands, with tor hair laid smooth as her choek, over her forehead—in the prettiost blue muslin dress you can possibly ima gine—a bit of narrow white lace running around the neck, aud oach little hand set off' with tho samo —anil a very witch at a bargain. He who makos the shop girl of Paris bate one jot of price, must needs have French at his tonguo's end. There may be two at a time, thoro may be six, she is not abashed; sho has the samo pleasant smilo, tho same gentle eourtscy for each; and her eye glances like thought from one to the other. You may laugh, sho will laugh back; you may chat, she will chat back; you may scold, she will scold back. Sho guesses your wants—thero they are, the pret tiest gloves (she says) in Paris. You cannot utter half a sentence but she understands the whole; you cannot pronounce so badly but what she has your meaning in a moment. She takes down package upon package; she measures your hand, her light fingers running over yours— Qurl/t jolie /u tile mat —sho assists you in patting a pair fairly on; and, ilow many pair dous Monsieur wish? But one! ah. Monsieur is surely joking. See what pretty colors! and she gathers a cluster in her finger.-, and so nice a fit! and sho takes hold of tho glove upon vour band. Oniy two! ah, it is indeed too few; and so oheap! only fifteen francs for the six pair, which is too little for Monsieur; and she rolls them in a paper, lookiug you all tho tirno fixedly in the eye. And there is no refusal; you slip tho throe pieces ofmonoyon tho counter, she drops them into a little drawer, aud thanks you in away that makes you think, as you go out, that you havobeon pay ing for the smiles and nothing for tho gloves. We have been furnished with the following statement of the amounts of cotton received in and shipped from this place during the year end ing the Ist inst. • Total No. of bales received, 14,141 “ “ “ shipped, 13,887 Leaving on hand, 257 (Rome Southerner, 1 lfA inst. I From the Marietta Advocate.] Letter of Governor McDonald. Mr. Editor. —On my return home a day or two since, 1 found a letter Irom an intelligent and respected friend residing in Floyd county, from Which 1 make the following extract: “Mr. Cobb addressed the citizens of this coun ty at Rome, on the 2’Jth mst., and in the course of his speech,charged the Southern Rights par ty with advocating the right of a State to seceede without q cause, and stated that in a recent discus sion witn you, you maintained that doctrine, whilst he contended that the right existed only for muse, and that the other parties to the com pact would have the right to protect themselves against the effects ot such action on the part of a seceding State. Believing that he placed you in a wrong position, 1 deem it due you, and the cause you advocated, that you should be appris-' ed of the charge.” I regret the necessity of adverting to this sub ject. But it is most strange to me that Mr. Cobb should make such a statement. I trust that my esteemed friend misunderstood him, for lam sure that 1 maintained, in that discussion, no such doctrine, and no one, I supposed, could so have understood me. My opponent, in his opening speech, argued that position at some length. Imtny reply, I denied that any such issue could to made without a reflection upon the virtue and intelligence of the people. There was no such issue. I maintained the right of secession for cause, of the existence and sufficiency of which the people of a State in their sovereign capacity, were the exclusive judges. In the exercise ol it, they could not be controlled by the judgment of others; that it was absurd to say that a man had the right to do a thing, and that another should say that he bad no such right, and not permit him to enjoy it. I illustrated by putting this case: If Seward, Giddings. Wilmot, Hale. Chase, & Co., acquire sufficient power to abolish slavery in.the States, and raise negroes to an equality with white persons, and Georgia were to deem.that sufficient cause to secede irom the Union, for the purpose of taking care other hon or and her rights, and appeal to the same men to know it the wrongs they had indicted justified thq. measures we had adopted, there could be lit tle doubt about the judgment they would pro nounce. They would decide against the suffi ciency of the cause for, by admitting it, they would condemn themselves. I maintained that a right was a perfect thing. That there was no right, if it could not be exercised but at the plea sure of others. As I have been forced to this statement, I will say additionally, that on the establishment of the right of secession for sufficient cause, oi which the people are to judge for themselves, in dependent of all control by others, depend the > rights of the people under our Government, Establish the doctrine that the other States have the right to say that it shall not be exercised, and you deprive tiie States of all remedy for politi cal wrongs and oppressions. They must sub mit to any aggression indicted by a majority, or if they wish to relieve themselves of it. it can not be done but by an appeal to the God of bat tles. There will to an end of State sovereignty and State rights, if this doctrine prevails, and if the time should come that powers delegated, en trusted to the Government, lot the piotectiqn oi the peopled each State delegating it, and all the States, should to so used by a corrupt majori ty in the Government, as to indict the most in supportable wrongs on the people, and that the people cannot re-assume as peaceably as they delegated these powers abusively used, our Gov- 1 eminent becomes a despotism at once, and the sun of political and constitutional liberty will go down in revolution and blood. 6 Charles j. McDonald Marietta, Ga. Sept. 8,1851. AUGUSTA, GA. SUNDAY MORNING, SEPT. 14. TEE LARGEST CffiCULATION IN THE STATIT For Governor. CHARLES J. MCDONALD. [ District For Congress. 1. JOS. W. JACKSON, of Chatham. 2. HENRY L. BENNING, of Muscogee. 3. DAVID J. BAILEY, of Butts. 4. JOHN D. STELL, of Fayette. 5. WILLIAM H. STILES, of Cass. 6—THOMAS F. JONES, of Newton. 7.— DAVID W. LEWIS, of Hancock. B—ROBERT McMILLAN, of Elbert. The Mails. We received no papers by last evening's mail from offices North of Richmond, Va. The Western Mail, due at 4 A. M. yesterday, did not come to hand until 5f P. M. The de tention was caused, we learn, by running over a cow, about a mile this side of Stone Mountain which threw the engine and tender off the track. No one seriously injured. Bargain and Salk.— See letter of Col. Hack ett. It places Mr. Chastain rather low down in the ranks even of trading politicians. State Rights in 1833. Some of the Constitutional Union papers are constantly saying that the doctrines held and proclaimed at this time, by Mr. Cobb, Mr. Toombs, and other modern republicans, are iden tical with those held by the State Rights party of Georgia in 1833. We utterly deny it. Neither our time nor space permits us to go into lengthy details, now, upon all the various points of controversy appli cable to the present political canvass. We shall now state, in brief propositions, what were the doctrines ot the State Rights party of Georgia, in 1833, and defy a contradiction of their truth. We shall notice no anonymous article on the sub ject, but we defy Mr. Toombs, Mr. Stephens, Senator DaWson, or any of the chiels ot the Con stitutional Union party to contradict our decla ration of the positions or principles of the State Rights party of 1833. We then state that that party held, in 1833 : Ist. That the States originally had a separate existence. 2nd. That after they achieved their indepen dence of Great Britain, they were free, sovereign and independent States. 3rd. I hat upon the formation of the present Union, they did not become a consolidated peo pie; that is, they did not constitute one people, as the citizens of a nation. r 4th, That the representatives of the States were not the representatives ot a consolidated government. That those representatives were ac countable to their respective States, and not to the United States. sth. That each State had the right to decide for itselt upon the constitutionality of any acts ol Congress, and to protect its citizens against the injurious operation of any act of Congress which it might decide to to unconstitutional. 6th. That each State had the right to main tain, within its limits, all the rights, liberties and authorities appertaining to a sovereign State. I hat each State was a perfect sovereign. 7th. That each State had the right to secede i from the Union, without coercion, by virtue of its sovereignty. Bth. That allegiance was due to the States in the first instance, from all of their citizens. 9th. That secession was a peaceable right, and any attempt to prevent its exercise, by the Gen eral Government, would to a glaring infraction ol State rights, and a gross outrage upon the li i berries of the people. 10th. I hat the right of secession was not the right of revolution, which implies the right of the party revolted against, to maintain its power by the sword, but the right peaceably to withdraw from the Union, aud assume an independent state and position among the nations of the earth. Those, we say, were the doctrines and posi tions of the State Rights party of Georgia in 18-13. It we could go to the graves of the mighty dead and call them up to life,.they would sustain us in these declarations. The very wind which whistles over the tombs in which their • bones are resting, tell us that these are the doc , trines of the freemen of that day. It is true the | waves of time have covered them over in the | past, and even many who lived then, and sus ! tained them, still live, apostates from their faith, to bear the ignominious testimony of renegades against these recorded truths. Effeminate and false, they should blush at their betrayal of their former sentiments, and the slavish doc trines which they now proclaim, and seek with such white-livered zeal to instillinto the hearts of a wronged and confiding people. We still de pend upon the noble blood, the steady principle, the unwavering faith of Georgians. You are not yet tamed to the disgraceful cowardice, the faint dependence, the ignominious doom to which modern' demagogues would subject you. Your lances, once so bright, will yet gleam in the face of the enemy, and protect you against Northern tyranny and Southern treachery. This is our hope; and, if that is vain, we are lost and our doom is sealed. If the suu shall set, on the sth of Oct. next, on the defeat of the prin ciples of the-Southem Rights party of Georgia, our noble State will become the scorn of tyrants, and, we tear, ours will be the fate of slaves. The people of Georgia are prepared for no such pen cilled chart of mean submission. They have premeditated no such political baseness and criminality. Loyalty to truth, to freedom, and to immutable right and justice, forbids us to 'imagine for a moment that such will be their abject and base submission. Day dawns upon the South, and the Southern Rights party will triumph at the polls, and old Republican Georgia will be herself once more. ( The steam ship Georgia has been running twenty-one months between New York and Chagres. without intermission, and during that 1 period has made twenty-one trips. The aggre- | gate of the distance 6he has run is upwards of I one hundred thousand miles. She has carried ' upwards of thirteen thousand passengers, and ' brought in several millions of gold dust and’ spe cie, and a large amount of merchandise. The Pampero.—A letter receivedin Charles- ! ton from Nassau River, in Florida, a short dis- 1 tance South of the Georgia line, states that on ! the 6th, the steamer Pampero was chased into t the harbor by a Revenue Cutter. There were about 150 of the Cuba expeditionists on board, who immediately landed, and dispersed. The Revenue Cutter remained off the will pro bably detain the Pampero until orders are re ceived from Washington. The Wilmington and Manchester Rail Road Company, in North Carolina, have purchased, through their agents, Messrs. Winslow, Lanier & Co., of New York, 7.000 tons of iron, which, with previous purchases, will be sufficient to lay the enire line oi road, 162 miles. The purchase has been effected on favorable terms, the Com pany's Bonds being taken in payment at 90 cents on the dollar, and the cost of the iron delivered at Wilmington and Charleston at $4l 50 per ton. Mutual Loan and Building Association. September 12th, 1851. At a meeting of citizens, at the City Hall, on the evening of the 12thinst., for the purpose of forming a Mutual Loan and Building Associa tion, on motion, James Gardner, Jr., Esq. was called to the Chair, and Mr. E. Heard appointed Secretary. The meeting was addressed by the Chairman in relation to the objects of the meeting. His remarks were followed by addresses upon the same subject from Messrs. T. W. Miller, John R. Jackson, J. B. Hart, and Dr. Robt. J. Black. On motion of Mr. J. B. Hart, a committee of five was appointed to report at a subsequent meeting, a Constitution for the government of the Association. Messrs. J. B. Hart. Albert Hatch, John C. Snead, T. W. Miller, and J. W. West were ap pointed as that committee, and the Chairman, upon subsequent motion, was added to it. On motion, that the Chair appoint a commit tee'of one from each Ward to solicit subscrip tions to the Association, the following gentle men were placed upon that committee: from the Ist Ward, Mr. Chas. F. Payne; 2nd. Ward, Mr. J. S. Stockton; 3rd. Ward, Mr. J. S. Collier; and from the 4th Ward, Mr. Alex. Bruce. It was then moved and seconded, that the pro ceedings of the meeting be published in the city papers. No further business remaining before the meeting, it was, upon motion, adjourned to Wed nesday evening next, the 17th inst., at half-past seven o’clock, at the City Hall. JAMES GARDNER, JR., Chairman. E. Heard, Secretary. Cotton Crop. We find the following estimate of the present Cotton Crop in the Mobile Tribune. It is made by Geo. G. Henry, Esq., Commission Merchant of Mobile—very high authority, we believe, on this subject. The Cotton Crop—lts Prospects. : CaunnanUgge, Macon Co., 1 Sept. Ist, 1851. ) I left Mobile in July, and have since been travelling in Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee, i and have been carefully observing and inquiring diligently respecting their cotton and other crops. Before proceeding to give my views as to the extent of this cotton crop (so ijtr made up by 1 personal observation a good deal,) I will state my estimates for the crops of 1849 and 1850: ; On the 31st Aug., 1849, my estimate was a clop of 2,150,000 That crop turned out to be 2,097,000 Ou the 3lst Aug., Last year, my estimate was a crop of 2.200,000 to 2.C0D,000 i That crop, by yesterday'll New York state ment. will make *..2.350.000 to 2,375,000 bales. Each of these estimates, you will perceive, is I very nearly correct, but the gn at falling off in the weight of the bales last year, or for the crop i of 1850 received in 1850-51, would reduce the number of bales down towards 2,200,000, of , equal weights of those of 1849. By many, it is said, nothing can be told as to the extent of the crop at this season of the year, 1 and the above remarks 1 introduced for their sat isfaction. I return then to say, that the cotton crop of 1851 will not exceed 2,100,000 to 2,200.000 bales. It may tall very much below, but it cannot ex ceed those figures. Before I left Mobile, the reports were favora ble generally for a full crop, though various com plaints were coming in from some quarters. On my route I found portions of some plantations doing well, and other portions nothing. Some crops promised finely—others poorly. As a cri terion lor Alabama, I will state that plantations which late in July promised a heavy crop, have so completely shed their forms, blooms and small bolls, that they cannot yield over a two-thirds crop. This relates to plantations where all the lands are fresh and strong. On those of a sandy and light soil the tailing off’ is still greater still. On plantations, where before I left for Georgia, I supposed had 900 lbs. to the acre made beyond casualty, and which were covered with forms and .blooms, I find on my return not only all those blooms and fonns have been shed, but many of the bolls that were then showing finely, and a frost on the Ist of October would do no serious iniurv to them. , J 3 There are now no forms or blooms ou the cot ton, and it is too late for forms to come, for them, then to bloom and for thd bloom to mature the bolls. You know forms or squares precede the blooms—and from the first appearance of the' square or form, some three weeks must elapse' before it becomes the bloom; in two days the bloom drops and reveals the boll, and in six or seven weeks, this boll, if it holds on, bursts open, and the cotton can be picked. This is the process. Well all will see it is now too late inevitably, for the wind to do all this. Corn crops in Eastern Alabama are good, so of ‘wheat, oats, &c. In Georgia the corn crop is very poor generally. Cotton on their old lands is very light, and on their fresh and better lands, mueh poorer than they promised to be a month ago, &c., &c. Hurriedly as I have been compelled to write this, if it furnishes any information which may be desirable to the public, it is at your service, and belive me, Truly your friend, Geo. G. Henry. At their old Tricks Again. We regret to learn that some respectable citi zens of Cobb county are now engaged in private ly circulating a paper headed “To the Voters of Georgia,” and signed “Friend of the Union,” that is made up of the most audacious falsehoods, and the vilest misrepresentations of the Southern Rights party. We must presume that those gen tlemen who are distributing it have never read it. The authors of the piece probably thought to promote their cause by such reckless violations of truth and honorable dealing. But the people will treat such a bare-faced attempt at imposi tion. and so insulting to their intelligence, as it deserves. We call the attention of the Demo cratic Southern Rrights party of Cobb county to this base calumniator who has come amongst us with this masked battery. Let them demand of every one who circulates the imfamous docu ment, whether he vouches (or its truth —wheth- er he will dare to charge that of the two parties before the people, the one is opposing, and ‘‘the other advocating the dissolution of the Union.'— Marietta Advocate , 11/A inst. Expedition Postponed. It is stated, says the N. Y. Mirror of Saturday, that two steamers were in the way of boing pur chased at this port to convey ‘passengers’ to Cuba, and were to leave in a few days, when the defeat and death of Lopez was received, which of course prevented the completion of the purchase. One of the ships was the El Dorado , for which $90,000