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(Constitutionalist mb Hcpublic. BY JAMES GARDNER, JR. Letter of Hon. J E. Paulding. Hayde Park, Duchess county, N. Y.) September 6th, 1851. ) Gentlemen v—Your letter directed to me at New York, conveying an invitation to address a meeting of the citizens of Charleston Distriet, to be held in Charleston, South Carolina, on the 17th inst., has just reached me at this place, where I now reside. For the compliment thus tendered, and the language in which it is conveyed, I beg you to ac cept my acknowledgments, accompanied by re grets that I cannot comply with your wishes. Distance and space, the burden of years I should bear with me. and more than all, my incapacity for public speaking, compel me to decline a task for which lam totally unfitted. What 1 have to say, I therefore hope you will permit me to ad dress to you though a medium to which I am more accustomed. As it appears from the tenor of your letter that you are already sufficiently aware of the opinion I entertain with respect to what is whimsically called the Compromise, I will only trouble you with a brief recapitulation. In my view, it was A GROSS AND PALPABLE VIOLATION OF THAT GREAT FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF STATE EQUALI TY, WHICH PREVADES EVERY PROVISION OF THE Constitution, and forms the basis of this Confederation; a most unjustifiable attack on the rights, interest, safety and happi ness OF ONE HALF of THE STATES COMPOSIG IT, accompanied by INSULT AND OBLIQUY; a PRETENDED CONCESSION, wrested p.y THE MERE FORCE OR NUMBERS OF THE MAJORITY, AND THAT, IN I*S CONSEQUENCES, IT WILL PROVE MORE FATAL TO THE REPOSE, PROSPERITY AND HAPPINESS, IF NOT THE EXISTENCE, OF THE UNION, THAN ANY MEASURES THAT MAY BE RESORTED TO IN ATTEMPTING to OBTAIN A REDRESS FOR THE PAST, OR SECURITY FOR THE FUTURE. Such being my view of the subject,'l am, and always have been, of opinion, that the stand originally taken by South Carolina, and most of the Southern States, in opposition to the princi ples embodied in that series of measures, was not only justifiable, but demanded by a proper re gard for their rights and their honor; and that an abandonment of the position they then as sumed, and an acquiescence in measures they re peatedly declared they would resist, “at all haz ards and to the last extremity,” unless accompa nied by a frank acknowledgment of having been wrong in the first instance, would, in the lan guage of the printed resolutions appended to your letter, be “what they could not submit to without dishonor.” If such an abandonment of all previous pledges and declarations were the result of a subsequent conviction of having great ly erred in making them, it would be honorable and magnanimous. But such appears not to be the case; since even the advocates of acquies cence still continue .to assert the principles on ' which these pledges and declarations were based, as well as the wrongs which first called them forth. The Association is, I believe, right, in its sec ond resolution—declaring its brief that the co operation of auy of the Southern States with South Carolina, either in resistance or secession, is it least improbable, so long as the influence and patronage of the General Government are arrayed against States Rights. Nor do I see any reason for believing that any probable change of administration will produce a change of mea sures; since, as you will perceive, from their re peated declarations, ALL PARTIES IN THE NORTH UNITE IN DENOUNCING SLA VERY, AND MAINTAINING THE CON STITUTIONAL RIGHT OF CONGRESS, AS WELL AS ITS INFLEXIBLE DUTY, TO PROHIBIT ITS EXTENSION TO ANY STATE THAT MAY HEREAFTER BE AD MITTED INTO THE UNION. From all pre sent appearances, the principles embodied in the compromise will continue to he the basis or the future policy of the Government. It seems also probable, that the States which have submitted to past, will be equally quiescent under future wrongs. Having thus briefly stated my views with re gard to your first and second, I will now revert to your last and most wgportaut resolution, name ly; “that failing in a reasonable tirile to obtain the co-operation of other Southern States, South Carolina should alone withdraw from the Union.” It seems rather late in the day to be called on to combat the old exploded doctrine of passive obedience and non-resistance, the assertion ot which cost one monarch his head, and sent another into perpetual exile. Yet, as that doctrine has lately been revived by some of the highest names of the Republic, it calls for a passing notice in con nexion with the subject of this letter. It seems strange , too, that this long buried monster , which received its death wounds in the ifrp revolutions of England and America, should have been dug up and resuscitated by distinguished Democratic Republican statesmen. From all but the darkest regions of the civilized world , this portentious phan tom has been banished , as it would appear, only TO FIND REFUGE IN THAT WHICH PROFESSES TO BE THE MOST FREE AND ENLIGHTENED. THERE is not a European writer, or statf.sman, or TIIEOLOGIST, OF ANY ESTABLISHED REPUTATION, THAT WOULD NOW VENTURE TO PROCLAIM THE SLAVISH PRINCIPLES WHICH HAVE BEEN ASSERT ED by Republican leaders in the Halls of a Congress oe Republican States. A thorough discussion of this doctrine of pas sive obedience and non-resistance, on the part of equal members of a Confederation of States, would require more space than is proper for me to occupy and more time than you can spare on this occasion; nor do I deem it necessary. THE RIGHT OF RESISTANCE BY FORCE, AS RESPECTS ST ATES AND COMMUNITIES, IS ONLY AN EXTENSION OF THE INDI VIDUAL RIGHT OF SELF-DEFENCE, WHICH IS A LAW OF NATURE ANTE CEDENT AND PARAMOUNT TO ALL LAWS, AND ALL CONSTITUTIONS; WHICH CANNOT BE ALIENATED OR SURRENDERED BY THE ADOPTION OF ANY SYSTEM OF SOCIAL ORGANIZA TION. The doctrine is established beyond con troversy, by the unanswered and unanswerable arguments of Sidney and Locke; by the assent of all the great ancient as well as modern authori ties on the law of nature and nations; and, if such were not the case, it has always been, and al ways will be, acted upon when the occasion arises, in opposition to all authorities. It is true that none of the writers who assert or concede the right of resistance, have attempted to define the precise line where resistance becomes justi fiable, because it is not susceptible of definition. , It is a matter of feeling, and can neither be ana lyzed or defined, An'eminent American statesman, high in of fice, and a candidate for still higher honors, whose opinions I wish to treat with all due respect, has lately attempted to establish a broad distinction between Revolution and Secession; in other words, the right to resist, and the right of retir ing out of reach of the necessity of resorting to resistance. His position, if I rightly compre hend him, is, that though a people or a State may have a right to resist by force in certain contin gencies, they have none to retire peaceably be yond the reach of injury and oppression. It seems they have no alternative; they must either peaceably submit, or forcibly resist , for they cannot get qjd of the way. It follows that all radical in the political relations of a State with a Confederation of States must- necessardy be brought about by violence and bloody contentions. Those who cannot live together in peace, must not part in peace; they must resort to the righto/ the strangest, and fight it out. Thus the extermination of a portion of our fel low-creatures, perhaps our countrymen, is an in dispisable preliminary to all great political changes; and hecatombs must he offered up on the altar of Liberty, before she can become a legitimate god dess. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THIS PRINCIPLE, CONCEDING THE RIGHT OF REVOLUTION AND DENYING THAT OF SECESSION, WOULD, IN ITS APPLI CATION TO THF. CASE NOW UNDER CONSIDERATION, LEAVE NO RE SOURCE TO ANY MEMBER OF THIS CONFEDERATION, UNDER THE MOST INTOLERABLE OPPRESSION, BUT CIVIL WAR WITH ALL ITS AGGRAVATIONS. IT LEAVES OPEN NO APPEAL TO THE GREAT TRIBUNAL OF REASON, JUS TICE, AND HUMANITY; THE RIGHT OF THE STRONGEST IS THE RIGHT DI VINE: AND DISSENSIONS AMONG A CONFEDERATION OF CHRISTIAN STATES, CAN ONLY BE ADJUSTED, LIKE THOSE OF THE WILD BEAST OF THE FOREST, BY A DEATH STRUGGLE. I am aware that this has been the almost invari able practice of mankind in every age and coun try: but never, till now, do I recollect seeing it asserted that it was the only justifiable mode of settling controversies among States and na tions; and it is with no little regret fcl see this doctrine sanctioned by one whose opinions are of such high authority among a large portion of the American people. I have dwelt more emphatically on this topic, because l consider the right of secession as by far the most important of all the questions involved in the present controversy ; and the attack on it as one of ' the most insidious, as well as dangerous bloivs, ever levelled at the rights of the States, all of whom are deeply interested in the issue since those who I are now the aggressors, may one day be placed in a position where it will be their only refuge i from the uncontrolled despotism of a majority. i With regard to the expediency of the State of South Carolina exercising this right of secession, J either now or at any future period, it would, I conceive, be presumptuous to one so far removed from the scene of action to offer his opinion, or 1 intrude his advice. In such a crisis, South Caro lina must act for herself, and rely on herself alone. I would only observe, that in taking a i step so decisive as that of withdrawing from the i Union, unanimity among her citizens or some- i thing nearly approaching it, seems indispensa- i hie. It appears, however, that many distin- t guislied men among you, whose reputation is na- 1 tional, whose opinions are entitled to great 1 weight, and who have heretofore taken the lead in opposing the Compromise, believe that the t time for secession is not yet come ; that the co- 1 operation of at least a majority of the Southern I States is absolutely necessary to the successful i issue of such a measure ; that it is best to wait i for further injuries, or at least to see whether they will be attempted. and if so, whether they will produce such co-operation. Those whose : views coincide with the resolutions adopted by your Association, on the other hand, believe that i immediate secession, or secession after “wait- i ing a reasonable time” for the co-operation of 1 other States, is indispensible to the safety and honor of the State of South Carol rna. Which of j these parties will eventually predominate re- i mains to be seen; and until that is decided, I i shall content myself with asserting the right of i secession, leaving the expediency of its exercisfe to be decided by the result. Should it be found i that a very considerable minority is not only 1 opposed, but will resist a resort to this remedy for their grievances, I conceive its immediate : adoption would be hazardous in the extreme.— i But when great interests are at stake.muck should j be risked in their preservation. For myself I will only say, that were I a citizen of South | Carolina, or any other Southern State, I trust I 1 should not he found among those, who, after ] filacing themselves in front of the battle, and ; eading their followers into a position whence they found they could not retreat without dis- ] honor, retired from the field, only, it would seem, a to sec if the enemy would pursue them. A few words more, Gentlemen, in order that ' I may not he misunderstood or misrepresenteil, t and I will no longer trespass on your time or 1 patience. 1 If 1 know myself, arid the innermost feelings of ( my heart, lam a belter friind to the Union than 1 many of those who,while loudly professing their devo- i tion, are steadily pursuing a course of policy that has already alienated a considerable portion of its citi- . zens, and will assuredly bring about its dissolution. < It is under the influence of this attachment, that I have lent my feeble aid in opposition to that po- I licy. Neither force nor coercion can preserve the i Union voluntarily formed on the basis of perfect j equality; nor do I believe it possible to preserve i or perpetuate this Confederation by any attempts ■ to extend the powers of the General Govern ment beyond the' limits prescribed by the Constitu tion, stritrly construed, agreeable to its letter and 1 spirit. The first attempt to coerce any one of I its members, will be the handwriting on the 1 wall predicting the speedy and certain fate of i the Union. It is not to be presumed that great i States, many of them equal in extent to power- < ful kingdoms, and inhabited by increasing mil- i freemen, jealous of their rights, brave, ; high spirited, and energetic, can be held together except by a voluntary cohesion. This Confedera tion may he likened to the great system of the universe, and it is, only, by the benign and gen tle influence of attraction, that the bright stars 1 of oyr constellation can be kept in their orbits, j Those who attempt to bridle or spur them, will, j in the end, fare like the rash fool who aspired to direct the chariot of the sun. I am, gentlemen, your obd’t serv't. J. K. PAULDING. ToF. D. Richardsone. 11. H. Raymond, W. H. Perrineau—Committee, &c., &c., Charleston, Soutb-Carolina. The Savannah Republican, Mr. Cobb & Ourselves. The Republican in attempting to shift the burden from its shoulders, and the odium from Mr. Cobb’s character, which our article last week fixed upon both, has resorted to a most lame and impotent subterfuge.—Now, we have nothing to do with the discussion of the late editor of the Federal Union with the Republican; we are responsible for no other position than that assumed by ourselves. We replied to the Republican’s article accusing Gov. McDonald vvjth having caused the Central Bank bills to de preciate. (We wish the Republican to under stand, however that we do not admit that Gov. McDonald had anything to do with the deprecia tion of the Central Bank money. It was Geo. W. Crawford’s report and the course of just such : Whig presses as the Republican, that produced ; the panic that caused the bills of the Bank to i depreciate.) We charged in our article last ■ week, Mr. Cobb with having suffered execu tions against himself to be returned to the Bank, i ‘no property,’ and assigned that as one among the - causes that depressed the Bank. The Republi r can answers our article by saying that we charge Mr. Colib with being a “ poor-mans and there ■ fore Unfit to be Governor of Georgia. We made t no such charge. We would not thus falsify the r truth,-and give our opponents a weapon to use t against us. Poverty is no crime. But how ab -1 surd and ridiculous in the Republican to say that a Mr. Cobb is a “poor man!” The crime lies in his e not being a “poor man. 1 and yet a debtor to the :. Bank. The idea of Howell Cobb, a man who t has had his fingers in the public crib foC six or AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1851. eight years, living oh the fat ot the land, a “poor man,” and unable to pay his just debts! how su premely ridculous! The Republican says oitr as sertion is the only proof against Mr. Cobb’s in debtednegss to the Bank. We say, the execu tions returned “no property” is the argument, and we defy the Republican to prove to the people of Georgia that the argument is not valid. It woht do, Mr. Republican, to attempt to make capital by anpealingto the sympathies of the people in behalf of Mr. Cobb’s “ poverty The people know too much about that sixteen dollars a day. The speculation is a bad one, Mr. Republican, as much so as a certain Jack one, that we wot off.— Federal Union. [From the Montgomery Advertiser.] Public Meettng. At a meeting of a number of Cotton Planters in Beat No 10, in Macon county, took place at Union Springs, on Saturday, the 6th September, inst., when Dr. N. B. Powell was called to the chair, and William H. Waugh, appointed sec retary. The object of the meeting was ably expalined by Homer Blackman, Esq., after which the chair man, in a short but expressive address, showed clearly the position of the Southern planting in terest, and the necessity of general and. united action by the Southern people in taking their own interest into their own hands. On motion, a committee of five were chosen, consisting of Wm. H. Waugh, R. H. Powell, Homer Black man,Lenoir Laseter,and Daniel Cole, to draw up resolutions expressive of the views of the meet ing, who after retiring a few minutes, offered the follovying premable and resolutions which were unanimously adopted: PREAMBLE. Whercas, statements are said already to have gone abrord declaring that the cotton crop of 1851, in the United States, will exceed three miliionsfof bales, and as such reports are not founded on fact, but are calculated to injure the planting interest by depressing the price of their staple commodity,and we believing that the crop will be a short one, deem it important, that we procure correct information in relation to its extent, and therefore offer the following resolu tions: , Resolved, That a committee of eight be appoin ted by this meeting, whose duty it shall be to ex amine each planter’s crop in this Beat, and to report to a meeting to he held at this place on Saturday, the 20th September inst., and from thence to send delegates to a county meeting to be held in Tuskegce on the first Monday in Oc tober next. Resolved, That we recommend the appointing of similar committees in each Beat- in this coun ty, and indeed in each neighborhood throughout the entire cotton growing States, so that reliable information may be obtained in relation to the extent of the crop. Resolved, That as the price of cotton is regu lated by the production and consumption, it is all-important to the grower that the article be brought into as general use as possible, we there fore recommend to the planters that they use it in every way that it can be substituted for any thing else. Resolved, That we recommend to the planters generally that they withdraw a portion of their capital from theproduetion of cotton and invest it in manufacturing and other channels of busi ness. Resolved, That inasmuch as union and concert of action is the great source of success, we most heartily approve of the Planters’ Convention to be held in the city of Macon, Georgia, on the 27th of October next, and recommend to our county meeting in Tuskegee that they send dele gates to that convention. After the adoption of the above resolutions ; the following gentlemen were appointed a committee to visit crops in the Beat and report as above: Benjamin Thompson, Daniel Cole, Job. Thomp son, L. Johnson, H. Green and John 11. Perry, whose field of observation is all the crops in this Beat west of Bubihatchie creek to the Beat line, and north of the township line. J. L. Moultrie, T. V. Rutherford, R. 11. Powell, H. Randle, S. Vahna and H. Blackman, whose field of observa tion is all the crops in this Beat east of the Cubi hatchie creek, and north of the Township line. D. B. Williams, Wm. G. Porter, D. Hooks, J. Glasgow, L. H. Smith and H. J. Denson, whose field ot observation is the south part of the Beat from the Township line. Several interesting speeches were made by Judge Pearce, Col. Lawson, R. Powell, and oth ers, when it was Resolved, That as all planters are interested in this movement, this meeting would earnestly urge that they co-operate with and bring all the information they possess to the knowledge of the committee as to the situation of the present crop, with all other agricultural statistics. On motion, it was further Resolved, That as it is necessary that the ac tion should be geueral in this matter, in order that good may result from it, that the Secretary he instructed to forward this to the Tuskegee and Montgomery papers for publication, with a request that all papers in the cotton making States, friendly to the object of this meeting, give publicity to the same. The meeting then ad journed to meet again on Saturday the 20th inst. N. B. POWELL, Ch’mn. Wm. H. Waugh, Scc'y. - • How much there is in the power of a single felicitous word in poetry toward making a per fect picture to the mind of the reader! It often invests an inanimate object with almost actual life, and makes the landscape a sentient thing. Here are a few lines that live in our memory— from Poctor, Barry Cornwall, if we mistake not —which are eminently in illustration of this. The poet is sitting at night fall upon a green meadow bank, with his little daughter by his side, looking at the setting sun and the twilight exhalations colored by its evening beams: “Here will we sit, The while the sun goes down the glowing west, And drink the balmy air Exhaling from the meadows, the nectarious breath Which earth sends upward when her lord, the sun Kisses the earth at parting.” There is action as well as vitality in this beau tiful simile. Shakspeare paints similarly when he says: “How soft the moonlight sleeps upon yon hank!” Now suppose he had written “rests upon yon hank,” how tame in comparison would the word have been; and yet it would be equally “correct.” What is it that gives to the following lines from Campbell’s “Battle of Hohenlinden” its al most terrific force,hut a single word! “Far flashed the red artillery 1” The little word of one syllable sets the distant horfzen all a" glow with the bursting flames from the deep-mouthed ordnance. Wherefore, ye minor bardlings, look to your accessories! The Prospect.— We have received over twen ty letters since our last issue, from various parts of the State, all giving good news, and bidding us he of good cheer. The skies are bright; stand to your colors, State Rights men. —Federal Union, 16/4 inst. We hear much complaint of the army and boll worm in this region. It is said that the catter piller has appeared to a great extent on the plantations adjoining Pinckneyville.— Woodyille, (Miss.) Republican, 9th inst. AUGUSTA, GA. THURSDAY MORNING, SEPT. 18. Mr. Paulding's Letter. It is with pride that we can point to the Hon. J. K. Pauldiug as a great spirit, rising far above the influences of fanaticism, prejudice and party, to see our Constitution, as it is, bathed in the pure light of ’76. See the letter of this gentleman, venerable in years and eminent in letters and as a statesman, which will be found in another column. Read this letter, people of Georgia, and say if you can resist the impulses of esteem, and even affection, which will arise in your bosoms towards him. Where does he live? In a slave State? No. He is a Northern man by birth, and New York is Iris home. What has Mr. Paulding to gain at home by such sentiments as his letter contains ? Seward and Fish, Duer and Fillmofe, Webster, Win throp, Cass and Van Buren, in the Northern States, have been brought down beneath the in fluence of anti-slavery fanaticism, with all their intellectual greatness. Paulding towers above them all, resplendent in heroic patriotism, and a noble adherence to a Constitution of eqmlity and justice. He has the boldness and generous firmness to declare to his people and the world, that the late Compromise, as it is called, violates State equality —attacks the rights, interests, safety and happiness of the peo p e of the slayaholding States, with accompanied “ insult and obloquy,” and that it is only a pre tended, concession to the South. If Mr. Cobh, Mr. Toombs, or Mr. Stephens, were to meet Mr. Paulding in public discussion in the State of Georgia, they would denounce him as a disunionist, and tell him that the Com promise is fair, liberal and just! ! They would pour invective upon him, ami follow his track with denunciations. People of Geoigia, we ask you: we ask you, friends and fellow-citizens of the Constitutional Union party, whai would you say to Mr. Pauld ing, and how would you treat him ? You would say: “My friend, I thank you—l thank you from my inmost soul.” You would follow him to praise him. Your smiles, your hospitalities would be his, and every grasp of his hand would be one of coidiality and friendship. We did not purpose, in the outset, to criticise, in detail, this able and powerful letter of Mr. Paulding’s. On the subjects of the intentions and purposes of the North, the right of secession, and the duty of the South, he writes like a true American statesman and a true lover of liberty and a CONSTITUTIONAL Union. We thank Mr. Paulding for his noble and pa triotic sentiments. We thank him for thus pre senting the South an I her rights fairly before his people. He is a bright, would that he could be the guiding star of the North. The Union could not be in danger then, for its justice and benefi cence would secure the love and devotion of all the f itizens of all the States composing it. OP* The New York Tribune discourses thus to its forty thousand subscribers : “If this (Fugitive Slave) law cannot presently be re|)caied, there is so much the greater need of rendering it detested and infamous, so that no one can be found base enough to enforce it who would not be the hangman of his brother for a dollar—so that freemen shall loathe it and slave holders be ashamed of it. Such, as we read, is the moral of the late Buffalo atrocity.” Thus it will be seen that if the law should not be repealed, it must be made so detestable and in famous, in the eves of the people of the North, that no one can be found to enforce it. Our Con stitutional Union leaders will be perfectly satis fied if it is only suffered to remain on the statute book. All that they ask is, that it shall not be re pealed. That will do for them, if a slave is not re covered under it in half a century. What accom modating gentlemen 1 How easily their souls are satisfied about the protection of the South 1 They can be saints in the political church of the South, if the law is only not repealed I Astounding 1! Gen. Millson, one of the Representatives in Congress from the State of Virginia, in a letter to the Editors of the Norfolk Herald, dated Aug. 1-lth, 1851, said: “It may surprise you to learn that out of the whole number of Northern and Southern repre sentatives, only about twenty-seven voted for all the so-called compromise measures—and of these twenty-seven, but three were from the South.” What a great compromise 1 How very fair, liberal and just 1! Millard Fillmore. The New York Tribune, alluding to Mr. Fill more’s professions about carrying out the fugitive slave law, reminds him, in the following man ner, of his having given a runaway negro money to aid him to get off from his master. “ The Constitution is not altered sinee Millard Fillmore gave Milton Clark money to aid him in his flight from slavery , and we heartily approve the deed.” Mr. Oobb, the Civil War Candidate. Mr. Cobb says, if a State secedes from the Union, the other States will have a right to force her back into the Union. Os course, then, civil war ivould follow. Gov. McDonald says, if the State sees proper to secede, she has the right peaceably to withdraw. Mr. Cobb’s doctrine would lead to civil war. Gov. McDonald’s would avoid it. Whose doc trine is the best ? 0 5“„ A Southern Rights meeting, recently held in Macon, adopted the following just and patriot ic regolutit^b^<o|Jjj^jgfcjpp|i^^pjpppf(ysi “ Resolved, That the Proclamation of Presi dent Fillmore, issued in April last, in which he denounces the brave men engaged in aiding the Cuban Patriots, as “ Plunderers ” and “ Rod ders,” is anti-republican—unworthy of_ the American character—and that it meets w-ith the just indignation of a majority of the people of this country, and of the intelligent and liberal minded throughout the world.” The U. S. Mam Steamship Atlantic left New York at noon on Saturday for Liverpool, with 64 passengers, among whom are the Hon. I Robert J. Walker, ex-Secretary of the Treasury, NEW SERIES —VOL. VI. NO. 112 and Miss Frederika Bremer. The Atlantic takes out $288,400 in specie. [Telegraphed for the Baltimore Suit.] Further per Steamer Pacific. New Y"ork, Sept. 12, 9 P. M. The steamship Pacific, with Liverpool dates of the 3d. has arrived. She brings a large freight ot fine goods, and 192 passengers, among whom are Miss Catharine Hays, and Hackett, the come-. dian. Authentic information has been received of the discovery of gold in great profusion at Bath urst, South Wales. The colony was in a state of great excitement, and the people were flock ing to the locality in great numbers. The yacht America has been sold to Capt. De Blaguire, of the Indian army, for £7,000. The builder returns with orders for three yachts for English gentlemen.' Many English yachts are being lengthened and otherwise Americanized. Hobbs’s success in picking the Bramah lock has created great excitement among the bankers, and Bramah refuses to pay the £2OO reward of fered. The Duke and Duchess of. Norfolk have be come converts to Protestantism. France. —Votes in favor of a revision of the constitution come in from all sides. The Lyons court martial has found 36 of the prisoners guilty, and they have been variously sentenced to transportation, fines and imprison ment. The Prince de Joinville has declined either to offer himself as a candidate for the Presidency or to withdraw from the field. Austria.— The Emperor has issued a procla mation, stating that Austria will he governed absolutely. Natles —The King has repudiated the new constitution. Turkey.— lt is stated that Ali Pasha has ad dressed the Austrian Ambassador a written as surance that the Sublime Porte will not liberate the Hungarian lefugees before the Ist of January next. It is also reported, in contradiction, that the government has officially notified the refu gees that an American steam vessel is at their service to carry them to the United States on the Ist of September. Markets. —The cotton market has been less animated since the Niagara sailed, prices closing rather in favor of buyers, without any quotable change. Some circulars quote a decline of Jd. Sales of the four days 22,000 bales, of which s|ieculators took 1,200 and exporters 3,000 bales. The stock at Liverpool is 647,000 hales, being 11,000 less than estimated. Trade in Manches ter is quiet and prices lower. Breadstuff's are greatly depressed, and difficulty experienced in marking sales. Flour declined 6d a Is. and wheat Id. a 2d. Corn is in limited demand and lower. Prices of Provisions are merely nominal. Beef Bacon and Pork are dull. Lard has advanced to 48s. 6d. Sugar is more active, at full sales. Coffee is neglected, and prices favor buyers. Tea and Mo lasses are unchanged. Rice is in limited demand, and prices favor buyers. The London stock market has improved. Con sols have advanced }. Railway stocks have im proved. Foreign stocks continue dull. (Telegraphed to the Baltimore Sun.) Philadelphia, Sent. 14, 10 P. M.— The of ficers of.the United States, composed of the Uni ted States marshal, District Attorney Ashmede, and Commissioner Ingraham, who went up yes terday to investigate, at Christiana, Lancaster county, Pa., in reference to the recent terrible outrage perpetrated there by the negroes, have thus far made twenty-four arrests, besides the thirteen previously arrested. The officers were accompanied by about forty other gentlemen. Those arrested were mostly colored persons. Several guns, dirks, &c., were found: some of the guns heavily loaded. Much excitement prevails. Young Gorsuch was still alive at last accounts, though but little hope was entertained of his recovery. It ap pears, from the testimony, that about 100 colored persons were engaged in the riot, who (were more or less implicated in the resistance The firing commenced from the house after blowing a horn, and a large number came up, mostly arm ed. The evidence is very strong against some of the prisoners. Joseph Scarlet, a white man, and Wm. Brown, colored, have been committed on the charge of high treason. Several prisoners were subsequent ly released, and others detained for further inves tigation. SECOND DISPATCH. Philadelphia, Sept. 14,10J.P. M. The officers have just returned from Lancas ter county, having in custody ten of the party arrested—seven of whom were committed to prison on a charge of treason. Three are de tained as witnesses. They are all colored ex cept Joseph Scarlet. A great crowd of negroes was at the depot when they arrived, but no dis turbance took place. The prisoners were march ed off to prison, guarded by the U. S. Marines. [Telegraphedfor the Charleston Courier.) New-Orleans, Sept. 16, 8.30 P.M. The Europa’s advices have been received, 2200 bales of Cotton were sold at a decline of a quarter of a cent. Middling was' worth B|c. Flour was firmer, and St. Louis was quoted at $3,75. Mess Pork commands slG|. • Columbia, Sept. 1G—8.7. P. M. The market is inative to-day, but no decline in price took place. The supply is short. Thir ty-four bales were sold, at from 83 to 9Jo. The Southern Right’s Ticket. — Vie take pleasure in announcing the name of A. C. More house, Esq., as the Southern Rights candidate for the House of Representatives to fill the vacan cy occasioned by the resignation of Col. James Dean. As Col. Dean was prevented, by private engagements, from accepting the nomination so handsomely tendered him by his friends, it is matter of sincere congratulation that his place has been filled by one every way so worthy and so generally acceptable to his party as Mr. More house. With Atkinsonand Morehouse, we have no fears for Bibb. As consistent, reliable and devoted Southern Rights men, we present their names as worthy candidates, for the suffrages of our fellow citizens of Bibb, with the confident hope and belief that they will be elected by a handsome majority.— Macon Telegraph, lslh inst. Southern Rights Nominations. —The Sou thern Rights meu of Jones have nominated, by acclamation. Dr. Joseph L. Holland as a candi date for the House of Representative,in the next Legislature. The same party have nominated E. J. Gil bert, Esq., of Wilkinson, as a candidate for the House from that county. These are excellent nominations, and we have po doub‘ our 'friends in Jones and Wilkinson will put these gentle men through by handsome majorities.—/*. * The 'Geographical Centre of the United States, at the present time, is in the Indian ter ritory, 120 miles west of Missouri. Hie present centre of our representative population, yi Inch is constantly moving westward, is ascertained by actual calculation, to be just about the city of Co lumbus, Ohio. sij ■ jllagnriit Wtppli. Reported for the Constitutionalist Ac Republic. ADDITIONAL FROM EUROPE. Charleston, Sept. 17. Ledru Rolin and one hundred and 1 wenty oth ers,’ have been arrested for conspiracy. Prince Joinville lias been officially announced as a candidate for the Presidency. Affairs in Italy wear a threatening aspect. The French squadron in the Mediterranean has been ordered to the Italian coast. The decree of the Emperor of Austria, pro claiming absolutism, has created quite an excite ment in Austria and throughont Europe. Sept. 16. Cotton. —The market is unsettled, and the sales small. jMte Sept. 17. Cotton.—The market with sales of 300 bales. The Free Soilers of Massachusetts have nomi nated Palfrey for Governor. At Philadelphia, Hall, the fugitive slave, had a hearing before Commissioner Ingraham to-day, and was remanded to his owner. Our Railroad. We are happy to be authorized to say that the Cars on this road from Milledgeville to Gor don, will be running by the 25th of October, in time to carry to Macon all who may desire to at tend the Agricultural Fair, from this and the sur rounding country. We presume as many as can will prefer to leave horses and carriages here, rather than go with them to Macon, as there can be hodoubt that the extraordinary assemblage of that occasion will render the riddances of equip page, &c. as necessary as it will be convenient. At least 1000 people should go from this point and from the various adjacent counties to the great Southern Agricultural Exhibition.— Milledgeville Recorder, 16 th inst. Thunder Storm. We experienced in this place on Sunday night last, one ot the most severe storms of thunder and lightning, accompanied with rain, we have had for a long time. For some time past we have been suffering from excessively warm and dry weather. The late rain, with the discharge of the accumulated electricity, has sinceiendered it much more pleasant, the weather now presen ting the appearance of approaching Fall.— lb. The Portable Fire Anhihilator. Two of these machines have been procured by the city authorities, from Mr. Philips, in Eng land, for the purpose of testing their ability in extinguishing fire. They were brought to this country by Mr. Lovell of this city, on his return from Liverpool. The smallest of these machines, was put into operation yesterday, at, the foundry ot A. N. Miller, Esq.,, under very unfavorable circum trees, bul th** •exp*'*>•*• »w* who uuiiwlm.+olJ —her those wte witnessed it. We understand that the large machine will be tested shortly, on a building to be prepared for that purpose These maehiues are represented to cost but little—the two, with materials for a number of charges can be purchased for less than a hun dred dollars.— Sav. Journal, 13/4 inst. The brig Palo Alto, Cap. Wood, from Mariel, (Cuba,) which place she left on the 9th inst., bound to Baltimore, with a cargo of Molasses, Eut into this port yesterday, having been struck y lightning on the 12th inst., in a heavy squall. She will have to undergo repairs here, her main mast having been considerably injured. By this arrival we have no later intelligence than has been published previously, every thing being quiet in Mariel when the Palo Alto sailed. —Savannah Republican, 17/4 but. Arrival of thf. Florida.—This fine vessel arrived at her wharf yesterday morning, in 61 hours from New York, bringing 126 cabin and 98 steerage passengers, and a lull freight.— lb. Tomatoe Whisky.—A citizen of Norfolk has, during the present season, made the experiment, and succeeded in distilling a quantity of spirits from tomatoes. It is of the most delicate find pleasant flavor, superior to, hut strongly resem bling in taste the finest Scotch Whisky. Black Freedom. A writer in the N. Y. Observer, a religious pa per of immense circulation, draws attention to the very remarkable fact, that idiocy and insani ty prevail to a much greater extent among the free blacks than among the whites or the slaves. The calculations were made on the census of 1840. The tables of 1850 are not yet published, but some of the returns have been ascertained sufficiently to confirm the results obtained from those of 1840, That result was, in general, that the proportion of insane and idiots to the whole colored population is greatest in the free States; freater in the more notherly than the central tales; and that it is smallest in the slavehold ing States, and, those States, smallest in the most southern. In Maine, one out of every 14 per sons of African descent is either idiot or insane j# in Vermont, 1 in every 56; in New Hampshire, 1 in every 28; in Connecticut, 1 in 185; in New- Y ork, 1 in 257: in Pennsylvania, 1' jn 256:’ whereas, in the border slave State of Maryland the proportion is 1 in 1,074; in Kentucky, 1 in 1,053; in Virginia, 1 in 1,309; in Georgia, it is 1 in 2,117; in South Carolina, 1 in 2,440; and in Louisiana, l in 4,310. T he general deduct ion is, that the want of sense and reason isa rare visitation among slaves,com pared to what it is among the free blacks. The f contract between Ohio aud Kentucky is able. Contiguous States, nearly of the samj” age as States, one containing a large number,#;; slaves and a free colored population mixed wiU6* them, and the other a large free colored popwikf'"' tion alone, the tables show that for every insgSjsh' or idiotic negro in Kentucky there are ten , to O hio - , • ' These details furnish materials for ample specu lation to the physiologist, the moralist and t e statesman. They touch the S reat . which philanthropists, not ranting enthusijgjs r reckless theorists, hut sound and kers, study with painful solicitwe. the destiny of this race, morally ami pnvsicquy , in any state but that of slavery? I„ fanjpry, all the evidence goes to show that has been to then, mora y and php.ca curse instead of a blessing; that it has degnu of elevating them socially, weakened t%ir physi cal powers, aud wasted,their energy vp a race. On this continent withsociety as now organized, every slave liberated is one more added.f» a mass of inevitable suffering and predcstinudMecay—a fadt which dev elopes itself more and nqpre strong ly every day. Jackass Skins.—Among the cargo brought by the Norwegain. schooner Veranda, arrived at New York from the Rio Grande, were two hun dred and eight jackass skins; which are entered by that name on the oiaiulest. This is not a commodity which we remember to have seen be fore in the list of importations.