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(Constitutionalist ant> Ucpublic, BY JAMES GARDNER, JR. AUGUSTA, GA. MORNING, OCTOBER 9. THE largest circulation in the state. ELECTION RETURNS. COBB COUNTY. McD0na1d....... 1351 Cobb 1267 Stiles ;....1309 Chastain 1202 Hunt 1239 Slaughter 1189 Latimer 1253 Lindley 1142 Gray 1257 Winn 1131 BURKE. McDonald 440 Cobb ...543 McMillan 421 Toombs 537 Brown 491 Connelly 491 Blount 371 Shewmake 569 Perkins 409 Naseworthy 541 WILKES. McDonald 342 Cobb 465 McMillan 318 Toombs 167 Barksdale 337 Moore 442 Gartrell 351 Anderson 437 Willis 319 Irvin, Jr 126 HANCOCK. McDonald 215 Cobb 548 Lewis 188 Stephens 543 Betnune 549 Smith.... 594 TALIAFERRO. McDonald 61 Cobb 341 < Lewis 41 Stephens 355 } Bell 47 Bird 337 L. Stephens 348 CHATHAM. McDonald 755 Cobb 837 Jackson 810 Hopkins 756 Purse 702 Anderson 854 Screven 731 Bartow 837 Harrison 731 Henry 797 COLUMBIA. McDonald 210 Cobb 116 McMillan 240 Toombs 406 Miller 175 Belt 317 Harrison 357 Ramsey 383 In Lincoln county, Toombs's majority is 98— Moore’s, for Senate, 115. Henley (Union) elect ed to House. Jasper—James M. Williams and E. W. Baynes (Southern Rights) elected to House. In Washington county, the vote at the San dersville precinct was for McDonald 98, Cobb 307. The Union ticket is elected to the Legis lature. Defeat of the Southern Rights Party in Georgia. We believe that the general result of the elec tion takes no intelligent man in Georgia by sur prize. The majority for the Consolidationists is larger than was anticipated by our more san guine friends, and probably none of them looked for so very disastrous an overthrown. But the influence that the ‘"false cry of Union' was pro ducing among the ignorant, and the effects of insidious appeals made to the jealousies of the poor, who owned no slaves, against the rich slaveholder, were anticipated in part, and the Southern Rights party were prepared for a de feat. Now that the apprehended defeat is realized, it comes naturally next in order, that the mind should speculate on the result. It will doubt less be hailed as “ a grateful triumph’’ by the free soilers at the North. We had the de claration of one of their organs in advance, that they would so hail the election of Mr. Cobb. The large majority he has obtained is decisive evidence of a very considerable anti-slavery party in our midst. The extent and power of that element we believe has generally been underrated. We have never fallen into that er ror, and therefore, giviug it due consideration, were prepared to see Mr. Cobb triumphing by its aid over the Southern Rights cause and the principles of State sovereignty. We were prepared to see candidates for Con gress elected with the odor of free soilism about their garments, and anti-slavery sentiments upon their lips. We shall not be surprised to find that mem bers are elected to the Legislature thoroughly sympathizing with anti-slavery sentiments ex pressed bv those who have been successful in competing for high offices. In short, we antici pate that the result of this election will be view ed as in some degree a triumph over pro-slavery and a blow to the institution. The interests of slavery on the one side, and the “ glorious Union” on the other, though the Union was in fact in no danger, have been artfully arrayed before the eyes of the masses who own no slaves, and they have been appealed to, to choose the one "with the attendant horrors of disunion and civil war, or adhere to the other with its con comitant of peace and prosperity. When it is considered that out of one hundred thousand vo ters in Georgia there are but about twenty thou- J sand slaveholders, the result will create less sur * prize. T When the Compromise measures were pass ed, the North hailed them as a triumph over slavery, and the London Timet —the great organ of British opinion—announced that slavery was “ a doomed institution.” The cheerful acqui escence of the Southern States, one after the other, with the single and glorious excep tion of South Carolina, which seems not ambi tious to take her position among the submission States, but serves to confirm the opinion now prevalent in Christendom, that slavery is a doom ed institution. The Compromise measures have been absurd ly referred to as a final adjuttment of the slavery question. A new adjustment is already on foot at the North, and will doubtless, in due time, be submitted to the South under some new compro mise, which will be one more step towards the grand final adjustment which the hireling States have in view—to wit the extinction of the doom ed. institution. The late vote of Georgia is an invitation to renewed aggression, which will not be slighted. The Hon. Wm. H. Seward will plume him self upon this additional proof of his sagacity in asserting that the Union is stronger than the in stitution of slavery. The great protection of the rights of the States, and especially of the Southern States, was in ■ State sovereignty, and the right of secession as incident thereto. That right is now repudiated by the people of Georgia. The doctrine of the Consolidationists is triumphant, and the Fede ral Government can now hold the Southern peo ple in subjection by the right they accorded to it of wasting them with fire and sword—the bayonets and halter, even though through State interposition they seek to escape the foul domi nation of abolitionism. The South has made a complete surrender. To which of the two national anti-slavery parties of the North, the Whig or the Democrat ic, the leaders of the dominant party in Georgia will now attach this State, is an interesting pro blem yet to be solved. The Fillmore and Web ster dynasty seems to have the best chances for the acquisition. Freesoilism, in either event, is in the ascen dancy. ELECTION RETURNS. Ii s 5 a -2 5 * .s § o % 3 >, $? E o e- s » a w C- »h PH pH . • 000 000 191 133 0000 ,K)00 000 000 568 273 00001,1000 . 317 368 309 357 0000 k)00 11168 000 734 634 00001 000 000 76 117 00001,1000 3401 64 408 25 0000 oqoo 440 j 543 343 464 0000 ,1000 . m 227 000 411 264 0000 ,000 ml6o 000 176 62 0000 j jooo 11186 000 653 311 0000‘uooo . ni2oo 000 801 428,00(H)! ,000 000 m 550 1461 905 0000 , 1100 755 837 786 666 0000 ,000 0(H) 111400 462 39610000 i 11000 0001 111550| 11011 68110000,1000 000, ni2os 454 j 584 0000 ,1000 0001 000 0000 ~jooo 1351 1287 1089 888 20001 u 245 416 220 361,0000! 0000 000 mB2! 724 77410000 twoo . ui42l 000 J 464 377 0000 , HK)O 000 ! 000 392 469'0000 , HH)O 000 iu727 1014 832 0000 0000 000 000 309 67 0000 (Kioo 0001 000 ; 505 311 0000 0000 000! OIK)! 457 144 0000 0000 . | 000 ! 000 j 124 202 0000 imo 000 000; 195 995 UOOOjoooo . 000 0001 307 176 0000 (>OOO , 000 11152 697 449 0000 lK)00 . I 000 m6BO 780 738 0000 , HK)O 000 11180 753 496 0000 ,io, M I 000 (HH) 974 389 0000 0000 0(H) 00(1 838 289 0000 , ;80 0 000 m2O 38 94 (HHH) , k)<*o 0(H) ni27o 0000 ,kmo ; 006 ins4o 128 701 0000 ■ 0000 11110 000 639 730 0000 nooO ( 000 000 J7l 322 0000 1000 000] 000 695 542 0000 «000 215! 548 344 412 j 287 104 1 000 l (HH) 441 748|0000 18)00 ! (HH)| 000 480 355 0000 iiuoo 1 000 ln3(H) 895 910 0000 >t)00 I 0(H), (HH) 681 508 0000 1000 000 l 000 337 41 0000 ,1,100 ' 000 l 111400 732 658 (HHH), *IOO rnlOOl 000 540 410 0000 0000 1281 532 107 430 OOOOinoOO m4o| 000 434 396!(NHH)looflO OOO! 000 58 539 joOOojf 1000 000 | 000 249 330 0000 ,1000 1 000 000 146 153 0000 0000 , 160| 267 j 172 233 0000 1,000 000 j 000 430 419 0000 (,IKK) . 000; 000 589 537 0000 1 WOO I 000 000 340 389 0000 (WOO 1 0001 m 470 875 324 0(Hlo!,J»in , (HH) 000 581 517 (WOO IKJOO (HH) m4O 133 79 0000 (KM K) ‘ 000 000 834 743 0000 (1000 000 11150 650 732 0000 ouoO (HH) 000 53 221 0000 0000 ' 000 m 154 272 379 (HHH) (KhH) . 000 in 200 1177 703 0000 (WOO 1 000 ml7B 857 1039 0000 0000 i 000 ni633 510 610 0000 0000 000 111206 206 000 0000 (WOO 1 000 000 508 859 0000 0000 1 000 11135 895 719 0000 0000 000 00(1 399 240 0000 0000 000 nio7 322 374 0000 (WOO , 000 000 330 21 0000 0000 000 000 769 777 0000 0000 ! 654 856 642 739 684 27 , m 167 000 251 220 0000 0000 000 ml7 0 648 824 0000 9000 000 ! 000 577 662 0000 0000 000 ml 10 780 796 0000 0000 1 61 341 69 328 00(H) 0000 000 000 96 807 0000 0000 000 000 219 173 0000 0000 J 000 000 311 416 0000 0000 (WO 111732 406 1096 0000 0000 mIOO 000 892 330 0000 qOOO 000 000 673 285 0000 0000 352 682 423 620 0000 (HHH) 000 mSOO 918 731 0000 0000 . 1 000 111325 741 536 0000 0000 1 000 000 217 208 0000 0000 428 671 417 572 0000 0000 000 000 592 612 0000 0000 : 000 000 112 02 0000 0000 I 342 465 324 441 000010000 ,| m72| 000 512 38110000,0000 Baker Baldwin Bibb Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Camden Campbell Carroll Cass Chatham Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clinch Cobb Columbia Coweta Crawford Decatur DeKalb Dade Dooly Early Effingham... Elbert 1 Emanuel ; Fayette I Floyd Forsyth Franklin Gilmer Glynn Gordon Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock • Harris Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jefferson Jones Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln • Lowndes Lumpkin Macon I Madison.. .1 Marion ] Mclntosh Merriwether Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton.... Oglethorpe Paulding Pike Pulaski Putnam Rabun Randolph Richmond Scriven Stewart Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tatnall Telfair Thomas Troup Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton I Ware... j Warren j Washington 1 Wavne j Wilkes I Wilkinson | The Consul at Havana. The New Orleans Courier says:—A new fact has been reported to us, showing the heartless ness and indifference of our Consul at Havana. Among the young men that went with Lopez, was Mr. Gore, of this city, a brave and noble fellow, beloved by hosts of friends. His friends have been in deep distress about him, as no men tion of his name has ever appeared, either on the lists of the captured or the slain, and it was sup posed that he might still be wandering in the mountains. His brother, Mr. J. C. Gore, of this city, wrote to the American Consul, imploring his succor and interposition, guaranteeing all ex penses. No notice hat been taken of his appeal- At his instance, our fellow-citizen, Mr. J. A. Kindig, subsequently addressed a similar letter to Wm. Sidney Smith, Esq., Secretary of the British Consul, and he promptly received Jan an swer, which does honor to the warm-hearted and generous Briton. A testimonial for the British Consul and his Secretary, is being prepared by the young men of this city, in acknowledgment of their generous conduct. But this is not enough. Let New Or leans invite them to a grand Banquet, worthy of them—of ourselves, and of the two nations. Hu manity and our country are the debtors of those two English gentlemen—Messrs.f Craw ford and Smith. General Twiggs. —The New Orleans Delta, of the 3d instant, says :—This veteran and ac complished officer is now in our city, in his usual hale and hearty condition. It is not true, we learn, that Gen. Twiggs ever wrote to the au thorities that he had called on the Collector, be fore the sailing of the Pampero, and told him to do his duty in that matter. General Twiggs will spend the winter here with his family. In Syracuse, various arrests have been made of several individuals implicated in the rescue of the fugitive slave, Jerry, from the officers of the law. The ring-leaders of the riot %e not likely to escape the penalty of their temeritj’ from any lack of evidence. James Richardson, the and enter prising African traveller, died on the 4th of March, last, at a small village called Ungurutua, six days distant from Kauka, the capitol of Bor non. He was overcome by illness superinduced by intense heat. AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1851. A correspondent of the Philadelphia Penn sylvanian, states, that an extensive coal field has been discovered in North Carolina, on the Cape Fear and Deep rivers, and is now being opened by a Company of Northern capitalists, who have purchased it. There are three kinds of coal found—bitu minous, semi-bituminous, and anthracite—all of excellent quality. Professor Johnson, who has examined them, says the bituminous is superior t»any other coal yet discovered for ocean steam ers, and,will doubtless supercede the use of all foreign coals for all purposes for which bitumin ous coal is needed—being less liable to sponta neous combustion than any other. The company are pushing thsir operations vigorously, and expect to have their coal in New- York early next year, at a cost much less than any other, (owing to superior facilities for trans portation,) and at the same time realize a liber al profit. South Carolina. The number of dwelling houses in South Caro lina is 52.642, and the number of families 52,937. Deaths during the year, 7,097; farms in cultiva tion, 29,969; manufacturing establishments pro ducing $5OO and upwards, annually, 1,473; fed eral representative population 514,513. The fallowing is the full recapitulation of the popula tion : Wl ito males 137,773 White females 136,850 274,623 Free colored males 4,110 Free colored females 4,790 * 8,900 Total froo population 283,523 Slaves 384,984 Total population 668,507 The new steam ship S. S. Lewis, sailed from Boston on Saturday morning, on her first voyage to Liverpool. She carried out thirty cabin, and twenty steerage passengers, as also a full freight. The new banking house of Duncan, Sherman & Co., organized on the system of the London bankers, commenced business in New-York on the Ist inst. It is composed of Alexander Dun can, Esq., of Providence, and Watts Sherman and W. Butler Duncan, of New York. They tem porarily occupy an office in Wall-street, await ing the completion of their new building in Wil liam-street, on the rear of the lot of the Bank of New-York. [communicated.] Messrs Editors : —I attended, a few days since, the examination of the pupils, (under the supervision of Miss Parsons) of Brothersville Academy. The proficiency of the scholars was exceedingly creditable to all concerned, hut the |trviuinui(' uuvl Htuct llitdK’Alliig A:dlUlC «U I?JC exercises of the day, was the presentation to Miss P., by her pupils, of a magnificent writing desk, with all its paraphernalia. As an indication of a rare event, the entire harmony and good feel ing existing between scholar and teacher, it is, I think, worthy of record, and I hope you will give the addresses a place in your valuable Journal. Miss Parsons is a Canadian lady, whose amiable deportment and fine accomplishments have won her friends among old and young. She is about to take charge of the Female department of the Free School in your city. Thepiesentation was most gracefully and appropriately made by Miss Lizzie Anderson, daughter of James Anderson, Esqr. of Burke County. A. MISS ANDERSON’S ADDRESS. Miss Parsons: —The second year of our pupil age with you is about to close, and soon we shall be forced to utter the sad “farewell” to one we have known so long and loved so well. But we cannot permit the act of separation to be con summated, without giving some expression to the emotions, which, on our part, the occasion engenders. It was but natural, that on your arrival among us, a stranger in a strange land, our only greeting should be, the trembling apprehension of the scholar, ignorant of the system of school government to be pursued by the teacher. But our fears were soon dissipated, and we learned to admire a system, under the influence of which, we found,that firmness, without severity will, be get respect, and that counsel and admonition will conquer error, where cruelty would confirm it. Upon the younger of us, you have lavished the care and tenderness of a mother—to the elder, you have been a courteous and pleasant com panion. While you have instilled into us the learning which gives force and vigor to the in tellect. and embellishes the fancy, you have ever endeavored to imbue us with that better knowl edge which educates the heart. We requite you, in the respect and affection, which the able and faithful discharge of your duties so richly merits. And as a memorial of the pleasant period of your scholastic guardianship, and as a tribute of respect to your character and accomplishments, permit me, as the organ of your pupils, to beg your ac ceptance of this escrutoire. It has been ordered at the suggestion of our approving parents, espe cially for the purpose to which it is now devot ed. In conclusion, we wish you health, happi ness and success, in the more extended field of duty, upon which you are about to enter. MISS PARSONS’ REPLY. My Dear Young Friends: —l have not been so long a time your teacher, without having become most deeply and tenderly interested in your wel fare, and as the day, even the hour, has arrived, when our pleasant intercourse must be broken up, and to the most of you I must become hut a name and remembrance, my feelings acquire that deep shade of sadness, which strongly inclines me to silence—for there are times when the heart seems too full for utterance. But silence becomes not an occasion like this—from the abundance of the heart, gratitude must lisp forth its praises, although it be in feeble, faltering accents, and this opportunity of addressing a few parting words to you, my pupils, must be improved. For two years, most of you have been associat- I ed together, and lam inclined to believe it has been to you a pleasant and a profitable period. You may at times have thought me too severe in my requirements, hut I think, when you have calmly surveyed my relation to you, you will be led to acknowledge that I was actuated by no other motive than a sincere Jlesire lor your im provement, and a sense of my duty to yourselves and your parents, and a high sense of my obliga tions to Him, who, when the school of life is over, will require of me a strict account. Should I say I have had no trials, while stead fastly adhering to what I have believed to be my duty, it would he a denial of the truth. But care and perplexity is the lot ofall, and of none more than the teacher, whose duty it is, to con ciliate dispositions of every variety, and develop into healthy action minds of every degree of ability. But with much pleasure can I say, that by your kind and obedient attention to my wish es, you have rendered my arduous task compara tively light and agreeable. I shall part from you, with neught in my heart but kindliness and love, and if in the breast of one here, there remains a sense of wrong or injustice from me, of that one, I ask forgiveness. My sojourn with you has been most pleasant. In it I have realized one of the brightest dreams of my life, and gratified the cherished hope of years. The visions which in my far-away Northern home, turned me on to the sweet and sunny South, have been more than realized. I know full well in after life, when memory shall unlock her casket of treasures, and unroll her chart of vanished hours, permitting me to gaze once more upon the sunlight and shadow, that the two years, now closing, will appear like one of those green spots in the wearisome journey ol life, upon which the mind will love to linger. And to this people, whose kind and polite at tentions have rendered my stay here so pleasant, I would say, your kindness is appreciated, hut can never be repaid. May the choicest blessings of Heaven he your reward, and may your last days be gilded with the sunniest rays of peace and love. And now, my pupils, for this beautiful tribute of your regard, with which you have favored, in deed honored me so highly, 1 return you my most grateful thanks. I cannot find words adequate to express all I would say. I receive it with inexpressible pleasure, and shall ever prize it as a gift of love from you. The thought that it is such, enhances tenfold the preciousness of your costly and splendid gift. Oft as my eye shall rest upon it, will your loved forms, your pleasant faces, your acts of kindness, your words of love, as a blessed, beauteous vision rise before me. But I cannot leave you without once more urging upon you the importance of consecrating, in your spring time of life, your best affections and the Ai.j* G—-:4~ ~-r J u m 4. *U»ut tve Ol mill, in whom you live, and move, and have your be ing. The Hashes of ephemerel pleasure which light up the life of gayety and dissipation, will be darkened in the gloom of satiety and old age, but those who serve God in their youth, shall find their pathway illuminated at every step, and the brightest and happiest hour, will he that, in which the eye closes forever upon the scenes of earth. I now hid you, each and all, an affectionate farewell. (From the Milledgeville Recorder Supplement.) Topping Cotton. Mr. Editor : As the time is, or soon will he, when the advocates ot the system will have to look to the hight of their cotton stalks, I have concluded to introduce the subject to the notice of your readers—not with the expectation that it will speak for itself, but with the hope and belief that some of those who are interested wiil speak for it, or coti. Isay this much for the reason that I know it is regarded by many as a mooted question, or at least of doubtful poli cy—but that it is of sufficient magnitude to in duce experiments and elicit investigation. As I am rather stuck in the faith, or have be come a porselyte to the theory. I regret that it is not in my power to show my faith by my works. I have been influenced or prompted to top cotton for several years on account of some of those general principles or laws which unifom ly govern vegetable physiology, and which must be familiar to the most indifferent and careless observer. I allude to the fact that all trees, either shade, fruit, or ornamental, as well as vines, plants, &c., are materially influnced by the operation of topping and pruning. In topping, one of the effects is to check and change its growth from a perpendicular to a horizontal direction; and where fruit do not ex ist, the growth of the lateral branches would be greatly augmented.—But where it does, as on cjtton s alks, (the subject now before us.) the sap is concentrated, or flows more freely into it, and consequently strengthens its hold to the limbs, and enlarges as well as hastens the matu rity of the fruit. This position, I think, will not be denied. In vines, also, the same effect is produced. An example of which was reported in the Columbus Enquirer of the 22d inst., in the wa termelon raised by Mr. Swift.—ln that instance, the vine had been shorn of its lateial branches, as well as topped, and exhibited when I saw it two melons, (others might have been taken from it,) one of which weighed 51 pounds, the other 43 —making 94 pounds—equal to nine, averaging nearly 101 pounds. If no addition al number of bolls, however, are gained by top ping, their encreased size and weight will give some advantage in time and labor in saving the crop—as 2 is to 9, in this instance. I am inclined to think that this subject has at tacked less attention, thought, and investigation, than any connected with the management of the crop; and it is yet to be determined whether it is not the most important. It is conceeded by those who have investigated the rise and pro gress of the boll worm, that the fly first deposits their eggs in the extreme points or ends of the limbs, where they hatch out in a few hours or days, as the weather may favor their operation; and afterwards shape their course as the youngest bolls may indicate. This discovery led to the suggestion that if every limb and branch of the stalk was topped and destroyed at a certain period of the year, say 10th of J uly, the worms might not only be arrested, hut perhaps entirely ex terminated. The idea was scarcely more than conceived before it gave rise to a speculative feeling, and some individuals were engaged in the West, winter and spring before last, in visit ing and charging planters a dollar a head for every efficient hand that worked in the crop for dis closing this secrect. As the terms were condi tional —.“No cure no pay”—many wealth plan ters were induced to give their notes payable the ensuing winter. This discovery, if true, could not at all times be practiced without serious detriment to the crop. The conclusion or inference is, thatjjthe fly deposits their eggs by or before the time stat ed above, and if not destroyed then, it would avail nothing if done afterwards, so far at least as the first crop of worms is concerned—it might he practised in time for the second. The objection to this mode of topping in July, arises out of the fact that the cotton at that time is lreauently quite small—not large enough on some lands, or indeed on any lands when kept back by a late spring, drought, lice, &c., to re duce to a stand even; and if such limbs as had formed, as well as main stalks, were topped, it would destroy all hope or possibility of making a crop. Owing to this fact, last year I heard of no planters in the West who tried the experiment, though they had obligated to do so. Admitting this as doubtful utility, as here recommended, it is not conclusive to my mind that it would not be profitably employed if done when the cot ton was likely to lock too freely, which some times happens from injudicious planting, or in rich bottoms, or from protracted wet spells. In topping cotton, the usual way—which is simply to take off the top bud of the main stalk about one inch or one and a half in length—l am governed more by the condition of the cotton than the season of the year. There should be no fixed period as to the latter; as we are aware that the weed or crop varies according to circum stances, or, in other words, is not always in the same state of forwardness. I make it a point to top it before it ceases to grow, anticipating at the same time from 6 to 12 inches in growth. For instance, I top it at 5 feet high, when it bids fair to grow 6 feet, or oven over that—and at 1) feet, if likely to be 5 —and so on through the entire planting of the same age. Cotton planted the first week in April, on good land, with favorable seasons, should be top ped by the 20th of July. All cotton planted in April, should not he delayed beyond the first week in August, as it ordinarily ceases to grow shortly after that time. I cannot conceive how cotton can be bene fited by being topped after it had ceased to grow. As remarked before, some discretion as to time is necessary to he exercised in jierforming this operation. Cotton 4 J feet high, well branched from the ground up, and full of bolls and squares, should be topped by the 20th July, although it may hid fair to grow 6 feet high. 1 allude to uplands generally in the Southern and Western States. I consider the squares and bolls that are on the stalks at they arc topjyed, entirely safe, in so far at least as they are dependent njxm the soil and atmosphere for support. It is argued by some that if the weather should be wet about the time, or immediately after it was topped, that it would cause it to sucker, and thereby prevent it from boiling. I have never yet seen that the case on land that was well adapted to its growth, that had proper distance, and had been judiciously cultivated. If the weed is well boiled, and has plenty of distance to admit the air and sun, with a large flat bed about its roots, there need be no apprehension of suckers from topping—so far at least as has come under my observation. No injury from topping can certainly result to those large, luxuraut, succulent stalks, that seem to he stimulated by a spirit of emulation to tower above their compeers. Such we think, are at uuju VLULninuiy ui'lllg laitni warm w uwiwjii hole lower. The laudable spirit manifested by Mr. Wil liam Rutherford, Jr., endeavoring to test the ef ficacy of topping cotton, as reported by him in the Southern Cultivator, is worthy to be imita ted, and should he persisted in tor a series of years by planters generally, until its effects are thoroughly understood ana established. I have said enough upon this subject to make it my duty to aid in this investigation, which it is my purpose to do, and if what 1 have said should be the means of inducing others to engage in these experiments, I shall have accomplished in this communication all that I desired. Respectfully, B. A. SORSBY. Columbus, Ga. Cotton Culture in British India. —We find the following in the London Globe of the sth ult.: The Southern States of America have increased their shipments of Cotton to this country since 1800 from 16,000,000 pounds to 600,000,000 pounds, while British India has but swollen her exports from 6,000,000 to 80,000,000 pounds.— We cannot avoid wishing for some more expla nation of the anomaly. Capital has not been wanting in the East, neither has there been any indifference to the question on the part of the authorities; yet the real progress made is wretch edly small, and we are really at the present mo ment obtaining less Cotton from India than in 1844 and 1842. As regards the progress of the supply of raw Cotton in British India for local use and export to other countries, it is estimated in round num bers to be at the present day 450,000,000 pounds annually, of which fully two-thirds are worked up in the country for local purposes. Of the re maining one-third, China takes nearly one-half, leaving about one-sixth of the entire produce of the country at the disposal of Great Britain. That there are vast tracts of land in each of the three Indian presidencies capable of being brought under Cotton cultivation, as also a dense population at disposal for working such lands, there appears to he little doubt; but the real question to be determined is, whether the manu facturers of Europe really requite in larger quan tities such Cotton as the natives themselves pro duce and use. and which they can most readily furnish; or whether they want some other kind or condition of Cotton than is at present pro duced in India. The result of the lengthy evi dence given by Manchester manufacturers, Liv erpool brokers, Bombay merchants, and East India civilians, before the committee of the House of Commons on the growth of Cotton in India, appears to be, that although a lessening of the cost to the manufacturer of the present quality of Indian cotton would, to a certain extent, ena ble him to work off larger quantities of it, the great want is a better quality of article—such a description of produce as shall enable it to be freely worked up in place of much of the present American sorts, and with which it cannot now compete. Much has unquestionably been done in the way of improving the growth and preparation of Indian cotton; the East India Company has spent largely in importing seed, implements, and ex perienced hands from the cotton-growing States of America, as well as in prizes for the best and largest samples of fine cotton produced within the presidencies, for shipment to England. In 1824, there existed a difference of 2d. per pound between the average price of uplands American cotton and the averge price of Indian cotton at Liverpool. In 1836, there was a difference of 3d. per pouad in the same qualities, whereas since 1844 the difference between them has only varied from Id. told, per pound. So fang since as 1788, the Court of Directors called the attention of the Indian Government to the cultivation of Cotton in India, with a view to its encouragement. Two years later, reports were received of the culture carried on, and seed from the Mauritius and Malta was distribu ted throughout the Indian Peninsula. In 1799 and 1800, plantations were formed on the Mala bar Coast and in the Circars. From 1801 to 1818, various samples of American, West Indian, and Persian seeds were sent out, as also unprov- NEW SERIES - VOL. VI. NO. 121 ed gins for cleaning Cotton. In 1818, four Cot ton farms, of 400 acres each, were established at Tinnevelly, Coimbatore, Masulipatam and Vizagapatam. In 1823, Barbadoes and Brazil Cotton was grown by Lady Hastings at Barrack pore. Five years later, attention was aeain call ed to the subject of Cotton culture by Sri E I lenborough, then President ot the India Board. Between 1830 and 1840, various new Cotton farms were established, seed and machinery were introduced from the Brazils and E ;ypt, and ln officer in the company s service was despatched to America .for the purpose of collecting infer rdtojS,s p '”"“‘ 1 “ i " v " 0 "' " i,i > nig year stationed in various parts of the three presidencies to test the practicability of applying the American mode of culture to the soil of India*, io the present time these experiments have been continued with varying degrees of success. In the Doab, at Agra, and at Gorruckpore, the results appear to have been unfavorable: but else where there is good reason to believe that al though no immediate and important improve ment in the quality of the crops seems to have taken place, a better system has been gradually introduced amongst a people habitually averse to any changes whatever, whether in their re ligion, their industry, or their customs. stj Jilnjrrrfir €d?gtaplj. Reported for the Constitutionalist & Republic. LATER FROM EUROPE. arrival" OF THE STEAMER H U MBOLD T. New York, Oct. 8. The steamship Humboldt arrived at 8 o’clock this evening. Liverpool Cotton Market.— The market is dull, but unchanged since the sailing of the Canada, the sales averaging daily 5000 bales. Flour is steady at full rates. Com is firm at 6d. higher; Sugar steady; Coffee dull; Teas un changed. The trade at Manchester is active, and prices firm. Money easier. Consols closed at 95i to 95|. American securities are firm. The Atlantic, Hermann, and Asia had arrived out. The firm of Maitland, Fowlkes & Co. of Liv erpool had failed. trance. —La Prpss, at Paris, had been seized for publishing certain obnoxious articles. The President will make a tour through the Pro yin cm r»»Assetnoiy. Spain. —Advices from Madrid state that 8000 troops had been sent to Havana; that a warlike feeling prevails, and that a proposttion hid been made to declare war against the United States. Affaiis in Portugal are in a precarious situa tion. Macon, Oct. B — B o'clock, P. M. Sixty-five counties heard from. Cobb carries fifty, and McDonald fifteen. Cobb's aggregate majority is 12,241, and McDonald’s 2,l79—net majority for Cobb, 10,062. Thirty counties re main to be heard from, nearly all Union. Ma jority for Cobb from 13,000 to 18.000. The Legislature will be three-fourths Union, at least. Journal & Messenger. Macon, Oct. 8—9.11 P. M. Sixty-nine counties have been heard from. Cobb's majority, thus far, is 12,000. Particulars by mail. New York, Oct. B—P. M. Cotton.— The market has a downward ten* tency. The sales to-day reach only 400 bales. The steamer Africa sailed to-day for Liver pool, with $450,000 in specie. A dreadful gale was experienced on the coast of Nova Scotia. One hundred and fifty vessels were driven on shore, and three hundred lives lost. From Havana. —By the arrival yesterday of the brig Mary Elizabeth, Capt. McConnell, we have Havana papers to the 24th ult., but find nothing in them of importance in addition to ac counts previously received. The Diario de la Marina of the 20th, notices that a movement is in progress in Havana to erect a monument to Gen. Enna. The subscription for the relief of the soldiers wounded in the recent battles with Lopez’s com mand, and for the benefit of the widows of those who were killed, had reached, on the 24th ult., the sum of $87,857 38. A subscription has been opened in all parts of the island, for the purpose of procuring a sword and a sabre of honor, to be presented in the name of the island to the army and the navy; the sub scriptions not to exceed twenty-five cents from each person. Something like the following is to be inscribed on the sword and sabre: “ From the Island of Cuba to the Army and Navy that defended it from the pirates in August, 1851.” VVe see no mention made of the ten prisoners of the Lopez expedition, said to have been brought into Havana on the 18th.—<11. O. Picayune , 3d instant. The Hon. George M. Troup, ever thoughtful of the people, we are told, has presented the Ex ecutive Committee of the Fair, with fifty Mutton Sheep. If some more of the planters will follow his example, the people of Macon will not find it very hard to feed the large crowd which will assemble at the Fair, on the 29th, 30th and 31st of this month.— Macon Telegraph, Vh inst. MARRIED, On tho evening of tho 30th Sept., by R. J. T. Lit tle, Esq., Mr. William S. N . B. scoe and Miss Nohcissa H. North rue, all of West Point. In Baldwin county, Su " da 1 ? “°/ ni ? g i aBtl the Rev. Dr. Jas. K. Smith. Mr. Henry C. Hodges and Miss Eliza K., daughter of Judge J. R. Tuck er, all of Baldwin county. DIED, At the residence of he* son, Seaton Grantland, near Milledgoville, on the 28th ult, Mrs. Sarah Good win, in the 91st year of her age. In Scottsboro’, on the 26th ult., Mrs. Catharijik Furman, wife of Dr. Furman, and daughter of Col. Farish Carter. At Cool Spring, Wilkinson county, on the 23d ult., at her residence, Mrs. Jane Allen, 73 yeftxq of age.