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4>onstitutnmalist& JUpulilir, JAMES GARDNER, JR., I and > Editor*. JAMES M. SMYTHE, ) Movement* of Kowath. [ Vienna Correspondence of the London ChronuU, September 19.] A telegraphic despatch from Smyrna, of the l >th instant, reports the fact of the Turkish ves sel's arrival, and on the 16th she reached Syra. Fifty-five refugees were on board. While one paragraph describes the festive preparations that were made on board the American vessel for the reception of the exiles, the eye is painfully ar rested in an adjoining column bv a long fist of names of persons accused of high treason, who were tried and sentenced in contumaciam, on the morning of the 22d, at Pesth. Many of the names turn out to be those of the refugees now on their way to America. The Sultan has kept his word; and the Austrian government, not to be behind hand, caused the notice to these unfor tunate men to be published, who were called upon after the termination of the war to appear and take their trial on the charges of high trea son, on pain of being burnt in effigy. The time specified having long elapsed without any one of the individuals so summoned appearing, the sen tence was put into execution by the common hangman, on the day in question, the names of the “ rebels ” being attached to tne gallows. {From the latne, Sept. 25.] I forgot to mention, in my yesterday’s letter, an interesting feature in the proceedings when Kossuth was about exchanging Turkish for American protection. The Captain of the Mis sissippi went on board the Turkish vessel which contained the exiles, and, addressing Kossuth, said “that he was commissioned by his govern ment to place the frigate under his command at the disposal of the Hungarian refugees, and to present him with the sum of $15,000." The number of the emigrants on hoard the Missis sippi is fifty-five. Count Casimir Batthyani is also of the jiarty, though the accounts differ as to his having embarked. It may interest some of your readers to hear the full accusation brought against Kossuth. It figures in the Pater Zeitung. as one in the long list of thirty-six persons whose names were af fixed to the gallows a few days ago. To each name is appended a sketch of the life and the ex ploits that entitle the owner to the charge of high treason and its attendant punishment. I select two only of these, though they are all of historical interest, and serve to mark the period. Kossuth is thus described “ Ludwig Kossuth, horn in Monok, county of Zemplin, Hungary, forty-seven years old, of the Protestant religion, married, father of three children, advocate and newspaper editor, Hungarian Finance Minister, and deputy of the city of Pesth at the Hungarian Diet, has (from the beginning to the end of the Hungarian revolution) played the principal part, and this pre-eminence was particularly shown in October, 1848, when he prevailed upon the Diet to remain together, and not obey the impe rial mandate dissolving it; further, that he took upon himself the presidency of the provisional government, or so called committee of national safety, and issued paper money in order to fur nish means for an armed resistance to the Im perial Government, which he developed in a dangerous manner by recruiting, organization of u national Guard, and ‘Landsturm’—that he him self joined the army in its invasion of the Aus trian archduchy, declared the succession of Fran cis Joseph a usur|iation —transferred the seat of the Diet from Pesth to Debrecsin on the approach of the royal forces under Windischgratz—that by means of exhortations and proclamations, by re wards, and martial courts, he raised the enthusi asm of the army and the people and excited them to go on with the revolution, and tried to gain the sympathy of foreign countries, through his agents abroad—that he, finally, on the 13th of April, in a private conference, and on the 14th m a public sitting, proclaimed the total separation of Hungary from the Empire, outlawed the sa cred dynasty, chose a ministry in his character of Governor, took the oath ol independence on the Uth of May, and on the ISthof May, on June 27, 18-19, preached a crusade against the al lied forces of Austria and Russia, and ruled Hun gary with the power of dictator, till at last he was compelled by the events of the war to re sign (August 11, at Arad,) and soon afterwards fled into Turkey.” The second 1 shall cite is Richard Guyon, Esq., native of Bath, in Somersetshire, “who served as lieutenant in the Austrian Hussars, quitted the service and married a Countess Spleny, aud be came a gentleman farmer. On the breaking out of the revolution he joined the rebellion, and was soon raised to the rank of colonel in the insur gent army. Fought at Man ns wurth and Tyrnau, stormed the jiass ofßrauitzko' brought the news of Gcorgey’s approach to the Comorn garrison, conquered under Vetter, in the nights of July 13 and 14, 18-19, at Hegyes, and with the Polish and I talian legions covered the retreat of Kossuth to Orsova. He then escaped to Turkey with Bern;” 1 believe I mentioned yesterday that thirty eight others of the fugitive Hungarian insurgents were summoned on the 22d by an edict from the military courts, to appear and take their trial foi high treason. Ninety days is given them, at tin end of which period all who do not appear wil be sentenced, and the sentence executed, as in the other thirty-six cases, where the period given had long elapsed. Os these thirty eight name: now published, there are none of European note (From the London News.) DEMONSTRATIONS IN HONOR OK KOSSUTH. A Turin paper speaks of the arrival, on the 22d, of the American vessel Mississippi, with Kossuth on board, at La Spezia, where the Americans have a depot. The Corriere Mercantile quotes letters from Spezia of the 22d, stating that the inhabitants of that town, on being informed that Kossuth was on board the Mississippi, made great demon strations in honor of his arrival. The town was illuminated, rockets were let off’, and a lage num ber of boats, gaily decked out, surrounded k?. Mississippi, saluting Kossuth with music and cheers. The American Commodore, who is taking the waters at Lucca, has been at La Spezia to compliment him. Letters and despatches have reached South ampton. addressed to “His Excellency Louis Kossuth, late Governor of Hungary.” A general belief prevails that Kossuth will land at that port. His most intimate friends state that he will land in England and remain here a fortnight and then depart for the United States. Zsigmond Wekey, Kossuth's aide-de-camp, was at Southampton, the whole of last week, waiting his arrival, and Francis Pulsky is expec ted. The anxiety to hear news of the great Hungarian patriot is most singular. The intel ligence in the Daily News, that-lie had reached Smyrna, was read with extraordinary interest, and nothing in Lord Palmerston's speech at Ti verton gave greater satisfaction than the state ment that Kossuth, as far as the English govern ment was concerned, was at liberty to go where he pleased when he left Turkey. Portraits of Kossuth are exhibited in all the Southampton printsellers’ and booksellers’ shops. It appears that the captain of the Mississippi has orders to convey the liberated hero to the United States, but it is the wish of Kossuth himself to visit England on his way. Anxious inquiries have been made at the American consulate at South ampton, as to the movements of the Mississippi, but nothing is known there. Should Kossuth land at Southampton, a magnificent banquet will be given him. Upwards of twenty chief mag istrates of cities and boroughs have written to the Southampton authorities, requesting permis sion to attend the banquet. Arrangements have been completed to telegraph to distant friends, at any hour of the day or night, the landingof Kos suth at Southampton. His recoption in England is likely to surpass that which is often accorded continental royal personages aud millitary con querors. (From the Vienna Corretpondenct of the Morning Chronicle.) ewßct of kossuth's release. Vienna, Sept. 21, 1851. The release of Kossuth is a terrible defeat to the Austrian government—a defeat which will be apparent to all, when the exile shall have lar.ded on the hospitable shores of England. Fiad Prince Schwarzenberg been wise, he never would have persisted in demanding the continu ed imprisonment of the Hungarian refugees in K iutavah. thus adding to their political notoriety the sympathy universally entertained for politi cal martyrdein. The Austrian government has, during the past year, left no means untried, whether machinations or threats, to induce the Sublime Porte not to release the noble enemy of the house of Hapsburg. Its failure has been complete, and all the assertions which the Lloyd and Oesterreichische Reich's-Zeitung may make that the question was without importance, will not lessen the weight of the blow. Their at tempts to do so are frustrated, moreover, bv the fact that the premier, deeply enraged with the conduct of the Porte, is engaged in a correspon dence with that power, in which he endeavors to prove that the Porte has violated certain an cient treaties, concluded with Austria after the Turkish invasions of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Prince Schwarzenberg, in fact, foams with rage, and as prudence of forethought do not form part of his character, I should not be sur firiseii to hear that the release of Kossuth has ed to serious complications between the two powers. AUGUSTA, GA. ~ WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 22. THE LARGEST THE STATit" Qy SEE OUTSIDE DAILY. Influence of America in Europe. Recent events have done much to elevate the people of the United States in the eyes of Europe, and to inspire respect for their political power and resources—for their energy and intel ligence, and for their advancement in the use ful arts. They occupy the front ranks among the na tions in the world. They have proved them selves in past years formidable for military prowess, and in the peaceful pursuits of life they are putting forth energies and making progress which must place them far in advance of any other people in the world. The London Times which at first ridiculed our meagre display at the Crystal Palace, now acknowledge that the English acquired from the American people, more valuable ideas than were furnished by the contributions of all the other nations of the world combined. The triumph of the “ America ” over the entire British fleet of Yachts, taught the vaunted mis tress of the seas that there were lessons in naval architecture which young America could teach her. In happy coincidence with these events, is the contemplated arrival of the Hungarian patriot, Kossuth and his comrades in exile, they being now on hoard the American steamship Mis sissippi. The selection of this country, as his future home, is a compliment to our people and to their republican institutions which is a bitter rebuke to despotism in Europe, and is felt as such. Its effect will be to enhance the strong sympathy already existing between the people of Europe—the down trodden masses, and our own citizens. In the same degree must it increase the jealousy and fear entertained to ward* the American confederacy as the great and successful exponent of the capacity of the people for self-government. We insert some interesting extracts from for eign journals as to the movements of Kossuth. His escape to this country is one of the mosl mortifying blows imaginable to Austrian arro gance and despotism, aud indirectly to the spiril of despotism throughout Europe. The hon ors that will he paid him on his arrival, aud tht demonstrations of respect for his patriotic exer tions to liberate hits country—the hospitality ex tended to his countrymen in exile—the great su periority of our institutions of which they will be the eye witnesses, will encourage the spiril of liberty throughout Europe, and lend to undermine the thrones of her tyrants. It is by this rellex influence aud not from di rect intervention in the affairs of foreign nations that the American confederacy will fulfil hei mission and give liberty to Europe. Her policy is to avoid entangling alliances. She will nevei become an armed propagandist, and undertaki to carry liberty to Europe at the point of the bayonet. But her peaceful example is daily fight ing the battle for freedom in the hearts and judg meats of the people of the old world. It is not at extravagant conjecture that Kossuth, yet in the prime of life, may at no distant day he re called from these shores,and give freedom not only to his own countrymen, but plant the standard ol republicanism upon the walls of Vienna. And this would be but one of the great steps in the drama of successful revolution that is destined te sweep over Europe. In the address of Kossuth to the American people, published in the Washington Union o; the 18th instant, are some interesting specula tions on this subject. That address is a very elo quent and forcible production. It occupies live columns and gives a clear, and powerfully gra phic exposition of Hungarian affairs—the cause of the revolution and its failure. It tells some impressive truths to those nations in western Europe which extended to Hungary but a bar ; ren sympathy, and allowed her to he cloven down by the colossal (lower of Russia. The il lustrious author iudulges, however, in a cheerful ; strain of hope for the future destiny of his ceun tr y, and the cause of liberty in Europe. He is very eloquent in his eulogies of the American Republic as the great pioneer in free govern | ment, and of its influence upon the destinies ol ! other nations. We cannot forbear giving a few disconnected extracts from the address and regret that we can not make room for it entire. “Free citizens of North America! you have ! given, in spite of the slanders, the fullest sym pathy for the cause of my country. We had no j opportunity to explain to you our motives and , conduct, and refute the libels against us; but we 1 said—and how truly your noble and magnani i mous conduct show’s it!—that such a nation knows how to defend a just and holy cause, and : will give us its sympathy; and this conviction ; inspired us with more confidence. Oh, that you had been a neighboring nation I—the Old World would now he free, asd would not have to endure again those terrible convulsions and rivers of blood which are inevitable. But the end is with God, and He will choose the means to fulfil its purposes.” * * * * * # # # “Oh, that Hungary had received but a slight token of moral support from the European pow- era—from those powers whose dreams are troubled with fears of the advance of the Cossack! Had only an English or a French agent come to us during our struggle, what might he not have done! He, too, would have seen and estimated our ability to sustain ourselves—he would have observed the humanity, the love of order, the reverent# for liberty, which characterized the Hungarian nation. Had these two powers per mitted a few ships to come to Ossora, lgden with arms for the noble patriots who had asked in vain for weapons, the Hungarians would now have stood a more impregnable barrier against Russia than all the arts ol a miserable and expensive diplomacy.” ‘‘There was a time when we, with the neigh boring Poles, saved Christianity in Europe. And now I hesitate not to avow before God, that we alone—that my own Hungary—could have sav ed Europe from Russian domination. As the war in Hungary advanced, its character became changed. In the end, the results it contemplat ed were higher and far more important—noth ing less, in fact, than universal freedom, which was not thought of in the beginning. This was not a choice; it was forced upon us by the policy of the European nations, who, disregarding their own interests, suffered Russia to invade and pro voke us. Yes, we were martyrs to the cause of freedom, and this glorious but painful destiny was imposed upon us.” “Though my dear native Hungary is trodden down, and the flower of her sons executed, or wandering exiles, and I, her governor, writing from my prison in this distant Asiatic Turkey, I predict—and the eternal God hears my predic tion—that there can be no freedom for the con tinent of Europe, and that the Cossacks from the shores of the Don will water their steeds in the Rhine, unless liberty be restored to Hungary. It is only with Hungarian freedom that the Eu ropean nations can be free; and the smaller na tionalities especially can have no future without us.” ******* “The Hungarian nation, in her war, has not only gained a consciousness of her own strength, but she has forced the conviction into the minds of other nations that she deserves to exist, and to be independent; and she can show justly that her existence and independence are essential to the cause of liberty in Europe. No, no? Hun gary is not lost! But her faith, bravery, and by her foresight, which teaches her to abide her time , she will be yet among the foremost in the war of universal liberty.” * * * * * * * * “My country, in the hour of danger, called up on me to assist in the struggle for freedom. I re sponded to its call. Others, doubtless, were more able, who could have won moie fame, but I will yield to none in the purity of my motives. Per haps it was confidence in my ardent patriotism and honesty of purpose which induced the people to give me the power. They believed freedom would be safe in my hands. I felt my weak ness, and told them I could not promise liberty unless they were united as one man, and would lay aside all personal—all sectional interests. I foretold that, if the nation was divided, it would fall. As long as they followed my injunctions, and were united, they were unconquerable—they performed miracles of valor. The fall of Hunga ry commenced the day they began to divide.— Not knowing the secret causes of this division, and not suspecting treachery, and wishing to inspire confidence, to give skill and all the ele ments of success to our army, and caring nothing for my own fame, doing all for the good of my country, I gave command of the forces to another. 1 was assured by the most solemn engagement, by the man to whom I gave the power, that he would use it for the welfare and independence of the nation, and that he would he responsible to me and the jreople for the fulfilment of these conditions. He betrayed his country, and gave the army to the enemy. Had we succeeded af ter this teirible blow, he should have met his re ward. And even now he is not freed lrom his accountability to the nation, no more than I, in the moral right and sense, cease to be the gover nor of Hungary. A short time may reverse again the fate of all. The aurora of liberty breaks upon my vision, even at Broussa.” The Austin (Texas) State Gazette learns from a member of Capt. Ford’s company of Texas Rangers, (mustered out of the service of the U. S. on the ti lth ult.) that about 50 men of the command left Laredo, with the Captain, to take a hand in the revolutionary movement on the other side of the Rio Grande. Not Hurt my It.—Two of the thirty-six Hungarians who were hung in effigy by the Aus trian government, arrived in this country last week.—They were Madarasz and Baron Mele lenyi, and are now on their way to Wisconsin or lowa, to form a colony. A Washington correspondent of the Charleston News says that the venerable Mr. Taliaferro, the Librarian of the Treasury Department, and for merly a member ot Congress from Virginia, eats but one meal per day, and that is his dinner. He is in perfect health. Such is the power of habit. If he goes to a party, and is obliged to take sup per, he omits his dinner the next day. The Albany Ga., Patriot of the 17th, says that Jacob Levin shot and killed G. W. Lunsford, in Decatur County on Sunday evening last. Luns ford was formerly a resident of Baker Co., and was a respectable and industrious farmer.—He has left an interesting family. The St. Louis papers state that a contract has been entered into for the construction of a canal around the lower rapids of the Mississippi, to be 140 l'eet wide, and with a depth of 7 feet of wa ter at all seasons. Henry Grinnell has received from the Hon. Henry Clay a letter enclosing a check for sso— “ mite ” towards the fund for the relief of Father Mathew. At a meeting of the planters of Shelby coun ty, Tennessee, on the 6th instant, twenty dele gates were appointed to attend the Planter’s Con vention at Macon (Ga.) on the 27th instant. Gen. Twiggs.—The Pensacola Gazette in publishing the marriage of this gallant General says:— “On the occasion of the marriage of General Twiggs on Wednesday morning last, a lew of the b’boys thought proper to give him a Charivari for the benefit of the poor of the place, and we are gratified to say that the amouut de manded, one hundred dollars, was promptly handed over, and was immediately distributed to the needy.” We regret to learn that a revolutionary soldier, ninety-two years old, by the name of Pardon Peckham, was killed last Thursday, by being run over by a train of railroad cars near Bnflalo. ! After escaping with life during the terrific con- i test for our independence, and living to see his ( fellow-countrymen er.joy to the fullest extent the inestimable blessings for which he contend- j ed in his early years, this good man was finally crushed to death. May the memory of him and his brave compatriots live forever in the minds of the American people.— N. F. Herald , ISM inst. Pennsylvania Election.— The returns come in slowly. It is hardly worth while to repeat the details of the different counties. Bigler's (Dem.) majority for Governor will be 10,000 or 12,000. The Legislature is also Democratic, and will promptly repeal the law forbidding the. use j of the jails of Pennsylvania for the custody of! fugitive slaves. AUGUSTA WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT, OCT OBE R 22 , 1851. ARTICLES- PER WHOLESALE- , DPTT. BAOGisfl— «• $;»*«•»*• BALE ROPE—Jute ft. it® w cent. Kentucky , fl 8 .»» prime . ft! 23® »20 P cent. BEESWAX « ® 00 CANDLES-Spennacetti ...>.. f® m ® cent Georgian made;.... H,® J® 20 p cent. Northern }2O ct. CHEESE—Northern ®@ , 1 . COFFEE—Cuba *® ,@ cent. Rio J® r free. . SHIRTINGS, bro., 3-4 yd. H® ® J 4 “ 7-*.... ®i® * g brown, yd. wide ®i® ®I O SHEETINGS, bro.. 5-4:.... J® ® “ bleached, 5-4.... ** ® J® » CHECKS !-... I,® J* c BED TICK B i Si "J = OSNABURG3.Boz. ..... '« C YARN, (assorted) Its J* @J® ! FlSH—Mackerel. No. 1... i bbl. 13 i Do. No. 2... .... I},® HI) . Do. No. 3...’ ®i® 4} 20 jrct. FLOUR—Canal ®i® ».} Augusta Canal.. .... ®i® "1 Georgia, g00d..J... • ct. FEATHERS—Li re Geese, .ft. 32 fa) 33 ) GRAIN—Corn, loose bus. ®® @ S2OB i ct. Do. sack 90 (a) 95 J Wheat— Good White. .... @125 Do. Red. @1 00 1 20 19 ct GUNPOWDER ! keg 5@5 2o f v HIDES—Dry ®@ ® }2O ® ct. Dry, salted !.... ®® 1® 1 IRON—Pig .. !.100 0 (a; 00 30 p cent. Swedes, assorted.. .ton 4| @ 4) 30 p cent. Hoop f. 100 5 @ ® l l2O ®ct Sheet (.ft. 10il IX J 3O F ct- Nail Rods ...J 5 @ 6| LEAD—Bar '.IOO 6 @ 71120 *> ct White Lead j 7i@ « i V LARD .ft. 12 @ 13 MOLASSES— Cuba gall 25 @ 26 New-Orleans j ®4OIo O n ct NAILS—Cut, 4d. to2oo. i....' 350@3751 )"* v General Education, by a ayattm of Free Schools. I NUMBER 5. Messrs. Editors Having shown, as I think, conclusively, in a previous number, that any sys tem of Common School Education, which should require the State to be divided into school dis tricts, involving, as it necessarily must, an enor mously large amount of absolute loss, without a corresponding amount of benefits, or any.benefits at all, would operate very injuriously on the cause of education amongst the people. I purpose, in this number, to notice the subject of Free Schools, as a general system for all classes. While I readily admit that any system which aims at the education of the poor, who are desti tute of the means for procuring education for themselves, must, and ought to be free, I take the position, that beyond this class of our citizens, no system should ever be extended. lam aware that an objection to this position has been urged, and it is the only one which has been urged, with any degree of plausibility. The poor, say the advocates of a general system, look upon such a plan as making invidious and disparaging distinc tions against them, and are unwilling to receive the education of their children, as a gratuity; which unwillingness would be overcome by ma king the tuition of all classes gratuitous. It is true, in the early introduction of our present sys tem, some few did object, but for many years past, since this class of our citizens have taken a more correct view of the subject, the writer has heard no one raise the slightest objection, and cannot consider the objection as having any real foundation in the state of facts at present exist ing. lam opposed to a general system of free schools for many reasons, of which, however, but two will be at present urged. Ist. Such a system would, in a very great de gree, take from parents the oversight and direc tion of the education of their children, since they would be compelled to patronize the schools pro vided for them by the State authorities, or pay double rates of tuition, and boarding besides, should they send off to other schools. I have always been of the opinion that parents would be more likely to superintend, both the ed ucation of their children and the management of the funds for the payment of the expenses, judi ciously, than the State, or officers appointed by the State, would be. Can it be argued, that the State will feel a deeper interest, or exercise a greater vigilance in these matters than a parent ? If not, then let no one contend for a system of free schools, which shall be extended beyond those who are unable to pay their children’s tui tion and, at the same time, to provide for their necessary wants. To this class, let the aid of the State be extended, and liberally, but not be yond it. 2d. Any general system of free schools must necessarily impose a burdensome tax on all who are able to pay their tuition, beyond what they would have to pay if they he allowed to pay their tuition themselves. If this position can be sustained, it appears to me to be quite sufficient to put forever at rest, the question of a system of free schools for all classes. Well, to sustain the position, let us look for a moment to the practi cal operation of such a system; for one fact de duced from actual practice will outweigh a doz en theories, though deduced from the wisdom ol the Marietta Convention. For illustration, I shall state a case, which though hypothetical! will apply to every man, in a greater or less de gree, as the amount of his tax and tuition may be greater or less than the amount here stated. A pays a tax of SSO, and his tuition amounts to the same sum. Now, under the free school system, he must pay his SSO into the hands of State officers, it will lay one year in the coffers of the State, and come back to pay the tuition of A, not only without interest, but lessened by fees of the officers through whose hands it has passed from A to the teacher of his children; and he finds himself obliged to advance $5 more, to make the sum equal to his tuition. Thus, under the free system* A must lose the interest at least, and five dollars besides, to settle his tuition—that is he must pay at least $8 50 more than his tuition. Now compare this with what he would pay un der our present system, and I am quite willin' that A should decide the question between the two systems. Under the present system, A se lects his school for his children, retains in his own hand or uses his SSO until the end of the year, when, with the fifty dollars, he pays his tuition, and puts back into his own pocket the profits arising from the use of the SSO for one year, which will be, at least, equal to its legal in terest, $3 50. Now, add this to the loss under the free system, and you have the difference, in a pecuniary point of view’, between the two sys tems, viz: sl2 in every SSO, or 24 per cent, in favor ol our present system, and against a gener- ■ al system of free schools. A sum large enough, ■ in my opinion, to ensure the condemnation of a , general free system, before the people. Such is the wisdom of the plan recommended by the Convention, and such would be the wisdom of its I, adoption. ' j ARTICLES. . PER WHOLESALER DUTY. '• I OlLS—Sperm, W. Strained’....Mo ft 1 70!free. Full Strained 1 30 @ 1 40. Summer do I 1 60 r ai 1 12 Liiueed bbl.k) 90 @ 1 00 20 ®eent. Tanners 0 60 @ 0 00 Bard 1 00 @ 1 12 POTATOES bbl. 0 00 @ 0 00 PIPES J.... 0 62 @ 1 00 1 PORTER “dot :2 25 (ho 3 50 PEPPER ft.!o 10 §j 12* . PIMENTO 016@0 00 RAlSlN'S—Malaga, bunch. box 000 @ 325 ), A . Muscate 0 00 @ 0 00 J*® ” * , RlCE—Oordinary 100 3 75 @ 4 00 Fair 4 00 @ 4 50; Good and Prime 0 00 @ 0 00 French Brandies gall 1 50 @ 2 00 100 D ct. Leger Freres I 2 75 @ 3 00' 06 Holiand Gin 125 @ 150 100 4? ct. ; E; American Gin 038 @ 040 pi Jamaica Rum 150@ 2 00 100 ct. 2 N.E. Rum, hhda Jc bbls 034 @ 037 m Wliiakey.Phila. 4 Balt 027 @ 030 Do. New-Orleans..! 027 @ 030 Peach Brandy 1 00 @ 1 25 100 ip ct. . SUGAR—Cuba Muscovado ft. 0 64 @ 8 00 1 P. R. 4 St. Croix .... 0 7 @ 8) I Havana, white.. 000 @ 0O I New-Orleans. 0 7@ [3opct. Clarified 8r0wn..... 0 84 @ 0 9 White., bus. 0 9 @ 09f J Bump .ft. 0 10 @ 0 11 „ . SABT—Liverpool 0 00 @ 1 25 j2O l* ct. Loose 0 00 @ 0 45 'll SOAP—American, yellow. ,acko 5@ 0 630 p cent SHOT—AII sites 162@175 20 p cent. SEGARS—Spanish M. 20 00@30 00 40 p cent. * TALLOW—American 09@ 0 1010 p cent. TOBACCO—Georgia ft. 0 00 @ 0 00 ) ~ . Cavendish 022 @ 0 5(8 M w ct - TWlNE—Bagging 018 @ 025 , n w . Seine 0 30 @ 0 50( ) “9 V Cl - TEAS—Pouchong 0 50 @ 0 75 Gunpowder 4 Imp 0 75 la) 1 00 I- Hyson 0 70 @ 0 80 f lree - Young Hyson 0 70 @ 0 75 WINES—Mao-s™ ..... •l B «u.ja 00 <a> 9 9.5,30 P cent. Claret, Marseilles cask 0 25 @ 0 60 40 fr cent. Do. Bordeaux dot 300 @ 36040 p cent. Champagne !9 00 @ls 00 40 p cent. jl Malaga 1 050@062 40 p cent. Some reasons have been urged in favor of this general free system, founded on the defects, real or supposed, of our present system of common education. These will be met in my next num ber, in which I shall notice our present system, and endeavor to show some of its merits, its de fects, and their remedies. A MEMBER. ELECTION RETURNS. I -3 ~ ® . Iga S J O 5 £ -s *> •£ ' «w o H a a j Appling 181 155 191 13310000 000(1 Baker 708 320 568 273 ! 00U0 0000 Baldwin 817 368 309 357|0000 0000 Bibb 783 715 734 634 0000 OOOU Bryan 85 109 76 11710000 0000 Bulloch 339 64 408 2510000 0000 Burke 440 543 34a 464(0000 0000 Butts 456 244 411 264 0000 000 C Camden 71 237 176 62 0000 0000 Campbell m 56 000 653 31l'0000 000 C Carroll 751 700 891 428 0000 00(8: Cass 740 1252 1461 905 j 636 ?,e Chatham 755 837 786 666j0000 0000 Chattooga OOUj m4OO 462 396|0000 0000 Cherokee 756: 1291 1101 681;0000 OOOfl Clarke 417 620 454 584! 775 11 Clinch 000 m 251 |OOOO OOOC Cobb 1347 1267 1089 888 2000 14 Columbia 245 416 220 3611u000 0000 Coweta 754 786 724 77410000 (XKXJ Crawford 443 405 464 37710000 0000 Decatur 310 505 392 46910000j 0000 DeKalb 099 1426 1014 832 496 U7 Dade 000 m9B 309 67 0000 0000 Dooly 583 397 505 311 0000 0006 Early 380 384 457 144 0000 OOOC Effingham 156: 177 121 202 0000 OOOC Elbert 267 \ 994 195 995 0000 OOOC Emanuel 252 2)4 307 176 0000 OOOC Fayette 595 646 697 449 0000 000 C Floyd 405 1066 780 738 554 67 Forsyth C2o 733 753 49C 0000 000 C Franklin I 000 m 640 974 ! 389 0000 00<K Gilmer | 147 1193 838 289 0000 oooC Glynn | 50 76 38 94 0000 ooo< Gordon I 397 679 438; if Greene 190 j 737 128 761 0000 (0004 Gwinnett 630 821 639 730 6000 uoof Habersham 252 1030 771 322 0000 000< Hall 376 732 695 542 0000 000( Hancock 215 548 344 412 287 h>j Harris 328 714 441 748 0000 000( Heard 408 447 486 355 0000 00(8 Henry 673 984 895 910 0000 000( Houston ; 621 632 681 568 0000 000( Irwin 000 000 337 41 0000 0001 Jackson ( 415| 829 732 558 611 f Jasper 566 ( 446 540 410 0000 0001 Jefferson 128; 532 107 430 0000 000( Jones j 405 381 4:74 396 0000 00U( Laurens 76 579 58 539 0000 000( Lee 217 468 249 330 0000 00(X Liberty 157 198 146 153 0000 00(8 Lincoln 165 360 172 233 0000 00(8 ■ Lowndes 361, 408 43U 419 0000 00(8 Lumpkin | 257 1013 589 537 505 2: Macop 421 673 340 389 0000 0001 Madison 741 598 375 324 314 H Marion 5711 732 581 517 0000 0001 Mclntosh 67 143 138 79 0000 OoOf Merriwether 774 j 731 834 743 440 Cf Mouroo 679 j 727 050 "32(0000 000< Montgomery 31 k 258 53 221|0000 OOOf Morgan 306 464 272 379(00(8) Uoo< Murray 856 1290 1177 703| 388 1 Muscogee 939 1147 857 1039 0000 000< Newton 399 10:33 510 Qlo[oooo CHXB Oglethorpe 279 486 206 600(0000 000< Paulding 3d2 571 508 359 Oooo' (XKX Pike 853 901 895 719(0000 uo0( ■ Pulaski 215 518 399 340,0000 CKXX Putnam 307 386 333 374 0000 OOOC Rabun 173 238 330 21|0000 000( Randolph 797; 808 769 77"(0000 000< Richmond. 6541 856 542 739 j GB4 »7 Soriven ■... 313 146 251 22610000 000( Stewart 723 ( 894 048 824 0000 000< Sumter 405 845 577 662(0000 (KHX Talbot 669 845 786 796 0000 000< Taliaferro 61 341 69 328 0000 00(8 Tatnall ,84 363 96 307 0000 OOOC Telfair 133 203 219 173 0000 00(8 Thomas 485 314 311 416 0600 OOOC Troup 373 1134 406 1096 507 9! ■ Twiggs 385 294 392 330 0000 nOOC Union 000 m4OO 673 285 0000 OOOC Upson 352 682 423 620 0000 OOOC Walker 661 1212 918 731 0000 OOOC Walton 486 813 741 536 0000 OOOC Ware 168 151 217 268 0000 OOOC Warren 428 671 417 572 0000 OOOC Washington 383 812 592 612 717 53 Wayne 98 80 112 62 34 8 Wilkes 342 465 324 441 248 s Wilkinson ....I 5291 471 512 3811(8)00 OOOfl Strange Developments of Incendiaries.— Benjamin Stillings, a wealthy citizen of South Berwick, Maine, has been held to bail in the sum of $4,000, to answer a charge of arson.— John S. Wilkinson, who turned State’s evidence, testified that in 1848, Stillings hired the witness, and one John Pray, to burn the Metodist meet ing house in Berwick. They accomplished their purpose by boring out the panels of the outer door, and placing combustibles around the altar of the church. Within a few months, the wit ness assisted the prisoner in burning a barn, dwel ling house, powder house, an academy, and blow<- ing up the Baptist meeting house, all in South Berwick. Pray was held to hail in th: sum of SI4OO, and Andrew Joy, accused of complicity in the same offences, was ordered to give sureties for his appearance to the amount of S7OO. Money Affairs --The corres pondentoi the Philadelphia Inquirer says: The stringency in the money market, and with it, all apprehensions of farther failures, is passing away, and confidence will he fully re stored in the course of a few days. Our mer chants and monied men, consequently, have put on more cheerful faces, and laugh and ioke as usual. J What then ?—The destiny of the world often hangs on the smallest trifles. A little miff be tween Charles Bonaparte and his love, Letitia might have broken off a marriage, which gave birth to Napoleon and the battle of Waterloo.— Allentown Bern. Yes, that is a fact. Suppose “alittle miff” had taken place between Adam and Eve ? What then ?—Chicago Advertiser. Dreadful Mortality at Para, Brazil.— Advice from Para, to Sept. 28th, state that the yellow fever, small-pox, and other disease were fearfully mortal at that place, and were carrying off a large number of inhabitants. The rate of passage from Liverpool to Boston aud New-York, by the Cunard and Collins’ steamships, will be reducud to $l5O after the Bth proximo. Bank Not* Table. Augusta Insurant* A Banking Company Bank of Augusta . Branch State of Georgia. Augusta ’, 1 Bank of Brunswick Georgia Rail-Road Mechanics’ Bank Bank of St. Marys Bank of Milledgeville I| Bank of th ® state Os Georgia, at Savannah " „ ' j| Branches of ditto j Marine A Fire Insurance Bank,Savannah. ‘ Branch of ditto, at Macon , Planters’ Back, Savannah Central Bank of Georgia Central R. R. 4 Banking Company, Savannah ..... u ; Charleston Banks Bank of Camden Back of Georgetown * Commercial, at Columbia • Merchants’, at Cheraw .”!!"! Bank of Hamburg Alabama Notes n'ta'i's j Tennessee 5 ® ; <3 5 d« NOT BANKABLE, i Merchants’ Bank, at Macon * EXCHANGE. On New-York ■ Philadelphia ’ ” * 9 eni ■ j: Boston u Lexington, Kentucky " plr i- Nashville, Tennessee u STOCKS. Georgia, 6 per cents •Not taken by our Banks, but redeemable at the PW era’ Bank, Savannah, at par. Savannah Chamber of Commerce. j S'VJSF President, t. C. GREEK lrf Vice-President EDW D. PADELFORD, ilTice-lTes.aem, OCT AV US COHEN, Secretary and Treasurer. 8 MARRIED, I At New Haven. Connecticut. October. 13. by the Rev A E. E. Beardsley, JrLiAN Myers. United States Naa | 9 to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of W. H. Wall, of » ■ V i Cfommcrcial. i 'm ■ ■ - ■ ■" ■ -.11. ■ , - ■ - - ... - Augusta Market, October 2g' COTTON.—Our last Wednesday's report left the mar ket depressed with a downward tendency in prices, which continued thronght the week. On Monday, the market opened with a good enquiry, and sales were effected at an advance of Jc. on Middling Fair to Fair, and sc. on the lower qualities. Yesterday, (Tuesday) the market continued stiff at full prices and not much offering. We quote: K) Ordinary ss®6s 10 Middling to Good Midding 7s®7§ Middling Fair 7f/g K) E**r 7|@— 10 RECEIPTS OF COTTON, >0 From Ist September , 1851, to latest dates received j|> 1851. 1850. K> Savannah, Ort. 15 8,824 22,948 Charleston, Oct. 16 28.074 82,299 iO Mobile, Oct. 10 4,938 10.375 K) New-Orleans. Oct. 14 124.311 68,81* 10 Florida, Sept. 21 299 969 1 Texas, Sept. 21 407 29 j K> Xorth-Carolina, Oct. 4 83 4 *0 Total Receipt* 166.886 126 055 10 126,055 10 10 Increase in Receipts 40[531 STOCK OF COTTON Remaining on hand at the latest dates received. ,0 Savannah, Oct. 15 6.432 15,617 10 Charleston. Oct. 16 14.271 20612 Sj Mobile, Oct. 10 25.431 10,087 10 New-Orleans, Oct. 14 87,356 48.002 X) Florida, Sept. 21 820 421 57 Texas, Sept. 21 600 IS K) Augusta and Hamburg, Oct. 1....28.430 13,963 w North-Caroliua, Oct. 4 100 150 X) New-York, Oct. 14 20,871 21.316 16 T0ta1.... 184,311 130,18 t, Xi GROCERIES.—We have little or no change to notir r > 2 in our Grocery market this week. The stocks of - our X) merchants are good and daily increasing. The der >4 is still confined to supplying country orders. J} BACON.-The stock on hahd is light, but all sufficient DO to meet demand. By wholesale.holders are stU' t asking 12 JO aI2J for ribbed, and 12$ cents for clear Sid es. By the XJ small quantity, ribbed Sides are selling at a j.q nn j X) clear at 13$ cents. Shoulders are Worth from 9$ to 11 X) cents, according to quality and qr.axVity. xJ LARD.—The stock of Lard is. Ml the increase and X, i ,ric ‘" < haTe B>ven way. We now quote 12 al3 cuts. X) COFFEE. Stock on hand good. We quote Rio at 9$ 30 a* 10 cents. n SUGARS. Good stock on hand—no change to notice JO in prices. Oar quotations will give a fair index of prices. 14 MOLASSES.—There is a good demand for Cuba, and M price,i tend “I war ' K T >‘« stock on hand is light, and 50 most holders are asking 25 cents by the hhd. DO SALT.—Stock on hand very light, and sales are mak » ing from storesjat sl.» per sack. No wholesale trans -9 actions have como to onr knowledge this week. X) BAGGING.—There is but little enquiry for this arti -5 clß ' W ® quote Gunny at 14 al4 • from stores by the 2 halo or bolt. 2 "’HEAT—Wo now quote good Rsd at 90 a sl. X) f " bite is scarce. Our City Mills, however, are wsll sup )G plied with Virginia and Maryland, and are kept busy in 19 grinding. J7 X) CORN.—There is but a limited demand, and price* )0 have a downward tendency. We quote 80 aBS for feed, and 90 cts. for good White, suitable for griming. X) FLOUR.—-There is a good demand for City Mills, and )0 prices are lower. We now quote for white Wheat 6to J! * 7 P er bbl. as in quality, and from red at aO. There )5 | is a good supply of Northern and country on hand, but X) i the demand for these description is limited, jjj | DOMESTIC SPIRITS.—SuppIy moderate, but suffi- X) j cient to meet the demand. New Orleans Whisky is )0 worth from 28 to 30 cents. We have heard of the sale this week of 100 bbls. at prices under our lowest quo 13 tation. 8 STOCKS.—We have heard of no salt within the past 0 two or three weeks, of any description of Bank Stock. - EXCHANGE.—We have no change to notice in the - , rates for Northern Exchange, which continue at£- e h ! cent. prem. for Sight Checks on New-York and e ; Northern cities. On Charleston and Sava- „„„ Banks are drawing at par. ? > FREIGHTS.—Our river is low. We . . _ 5 a a- ~ , have no change * to notice in rates, which continue ... . . . for Cotton to Savannah and n . T . v ..... ri j - . . . x, . Charleston. Yery little r i down freight offering. -da and Suiurdav 'v b * les ’ at P ricea current on Friday * 1 salesr utsl o be followin g are the particulars of the - -a A it „ 7 l i u at 7s; 69 at 7s: 36 at 7 11-16; (l Tj, *Bat<gj3B at 8. and 18 hales at 8$ cents. y Shipping JnteUigrnce. ARRIVALS FROM CHARLESTON. Steamship Albatros, Dixon, Norfolk, (Va.) Brem. Barque Copernicius, Weiting, Bremerhaven. d , Barque Avola, Kendrick, Boston. 8 | Sp. brig Transito, Attau, Marseilles via Barcelona. I Schr. D. H. Baldwin, Parker, Baltimore. ■ Schr. Eureka, Kirwan, Baltimore. UP FOR CHARLESTON. 8 Barque Petrea. ,at New York. Schr. Alice, Phillips, at Baltimore, l Schr. Brilliant, Delany, at Baltimore. - Schr. Mary Isabella, Martin, at Baltimore. , LOADING FOR CHARLESTON/ ! Ship Eastern Queen, Ross, at Liverpool. ■* The Urgent, ,at Liverpool. 7 CLEARED FOR CHARLESTON. ' Ship Catharine, Munson, at New-York. ' Schr. J. K. Randall, Blackwell, at New-York. SAILED FOR CHARLESTON. . Barque Sumter, Ryder, from Boston. ! CHARLESTON, Oct. 21.—Arr. Swed. t«jrque J. L. Lamm, Valley, Stockholm. ; Below, barque Bay State, for Baltimore. In the Offing, a herm. brig, supposed to bs foreign. FOR SALE. GEORGIA Rail Roa4 and City of Augusta SEVEN PER CENT BONDS. Enquire at the Mechanic*’ Bank. »ept. 1$