Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

vEmistitutionalist K ll tpublir. JAMES GARDNER, JR., 1 and J Editors. JAMES M. SMYTHE, ) Internal Improvements and Manufactories. Mr. Wattf.rson :—As this seems to he the age of progress , ami as the South and West parti cularly, seem at last jmrtuUly to have waked up to a true sense of their interest with respect to the subjects embraced in the caption of this ar ticle. I pro)Rise through the medium of your columns to add my mite to the many views that have lately been given to the public in relation thereto. I even do this under the firm convic tion. however vim h / may be mistaken , that if the views which I shall here suggest, or anythingof a similar nature and of the same tendency, should ever be carried out by a concert, of action on the (•art ol the South and South-west, that the bone ticial results would Ire startling in their character: that it would effect a complete and peaceable re volution in the way of trade in this country; that it would eventually incline the balance of popu lation. and of course of power from where it now lies in the North to the South; in short, that it Would finally and more effectually than any con viction ever yet thought of or acted upon by the South, place her ujßin an eminence of safety with regard to aggression u|h>ii her rights. The beauty of my system also consists still further in the fact, that ail this would be effected in a peaceable manner, and without even looking towards a dis ruption of those bonds of amity and concord, which should always bind together the different parts of this greatest fabric of a free government the sun ever yet shone U|ion. The race which I would propose to put on loot between the North and South, would be one purely of energy and enterprise, in which,and I say it boldly, the South has every advantage; that she has both whipand reins in her own hands, and ifshedont reach the goal of success, she will owe it only to her own blimlnrss am! fatuity. Indeed, it is a matter of surprise to any one that will look calmly at the subject, that the South, with all her natural ad i outages, has thus far let the North so greatly outstrip her in wealth, population and progress generally. The causes which have led to this i csult. I shall not at present attempt to decypher; but will, instead, devote my attention exclusively in this article to remedies for the future. Ily way of reducing my arguments to some thing like order, 1 will observe that the above description only exhibits, in my opinion, the grand result of the right system of policy on the part of t^South; and that it becomes now ne cessary “state what ran be done by her as a mrans, so as to effect this purpose; and that 1 will afterward* attempt to jHiiut out, in my poor way, at least one nut hod by which a concert of action might be brought about, and all of these desirablu results obtained. The South, then, ran if she chooses, for several years to come, convert one-third ol her population into builders of railroads and manufactories, with iiot being one tlullnr out of jun ket while so doing. She can do this, even sup|iosing, byway of making the jmsiliun stronger, that their railroads and manufactories should bo swept away by a torna do as soon as made, leaving no vestige of them even to mark the spot ii|k>ii which they had been limit. I mean by this that she would be as rich hi III' aggregate , I loth in means and money, as be lore all Ibis had hap|iened; but it is for the States, as parents and guardians of the interests of their people, to equalize the benefits and burthens of -iicli a system, should it ever be established. Again, after these roads are built and manufac tories established, the South ran compete success fully Infill with the North and Europe in the maiil'actiire of cotton goods. She can do this lor i several good and sufficient reasons, among which i I will mention as most prominent—lst, that she ! h is (he raw material at hand without expense of li.msjMirfation : 2d, that labor is cheaper here ' I ban at the North, the price of a day laborer 1 there being generally S2O per month, while at | the Soufli it is on an average not more than $10; I allude of course, in this estimate to men, (as to j white girls, they have no suitable occupation at J •my yrinoLy to ttvilrp thoir living. Kiccopt their needle, in this section of country;) and last, I hut by no means ol least importance, with the facilities ol railroads and the Tehuantepec route j opened, we will lie the nearest part of the civiliz- j ed world to the great mart of China—that mart j which is destined in a very few years to effect a ! great revolution in the way of commercial ex- ! ports, and the difference in distance and facility 1 of reaching which will be sensibly and beneficially ' Iclt by the South, provided she improves her op- j p'lilumfy of laying down railroads, and establish- i ing manufactoiies for heavy cotton goods. Now all •('these premises being true,ns above hud down, and that they are so, can be demon- I strated with as gie.it a mathematical certainty as i any problem in Euclid, will not, and ought not 1 the South to be considered’'as mad in the ex- 1 ; in me, and demented with the folly of her own ; dignity, r if she dont seize hold of circumstances i as theypassand improve them to her advantage!- i The secret of this whole matter lies in a nut-shell and it is this, the South has a monopoly of rollon. 1 i Now is it a supposable case, that any imliviilual of ordinaiy capacity could have a monopoly in j uiy leading article of trade without getting enor- I n.uusly rich! I think that this will be granted to he scarcely possible. Then if this principle holds true with an individual, it will also hold true with regard to States, provided they will act in conceit and as one man.—This being therefore a s If-crident maxim. 1 will devote no more at tention to it; but will endeavor to prove instead, that the principle upon which it is based,namely, 1 that the South has a monopoly of cotton, is cor- j iect. It is a well known fact, that England has j l*i en trying for several years past to raise up | a rival to the United States in the matter of pm. luciiig cotton. Shelias tried India, Africa' u:i ! I know not what other countries and colo- j hies besides, for this purpose,but all in vain; and j finding that this could not be done successfully, ii has even been tried in that country latterly I to substitute the manufacture of flax for cotton. As 1 see no mention of this, however, for the la-t few months.l presume that it also is a failure. Hut what does it all prove? It is not evident by this that England sees and feels that we have this monopoly! That the supply of her manu factories depends altogether upon the fluctuation of produce in this country, and as a necessary consequence, if that produce should be small, t rom war or any other cause, that she would have to pay enormously for the amount of cotton to supply her wants, if it could be obtained at oil! Evidently this is so. Then if she sees it and is trying to avoid the effects of it, why can't we also see it, and appropriate its advantages? (.Vrtainly. it is the duty and privilege of every country, to seize the benefit of every circum stance of soil and locality to advance its own interest. Within the last 20 years,the increase of supply of cotton irom this country has been enormous, so also has the increase of demand. But. un fortunately for us. the increase of supply has slightly exceeded that of the demand, which has fended to reduce prices. Nowit is a generally admitted principle, that the price of an article depends upon the supply ami demand; it is also equally as true, though not as generally well known or admitted, that the value of most ar ticles, and particularly of articles in the raw s'ate, (as cotton) the manufactories for which must he supplied, is enhanced greatly more than in the proportion of thefailling off in quantity. A- an illustration of this 1 have only to adduce liie operations of the cotton market for the last few years, which is in the knowledge and re membrance of all. Thus—previous to the year J S IS the increase of supply of cotton, was slight- Jy greater than the increase of demand, and the result was as might have been anticipated; it fell off gradually in price until that year, when the unprecedentdely large crop o 12.500.000 bales having been made in this country, it yielded the planter the unheard of low price of from 4 to 5 cents per pound. The next year, either from flie Jow price of tiie previous year or from some other cause, there was not as much cotton made by some 500.000 bales, and what was the result ol that? Why that the 2,000,000 bales of the year 1849, brought fully twice as much money in the country, as the 2.500,000 ot the year be fore. And the same effect will ever be. produc ed from the same cause! Whereas, the diminution in quantity was only 20 per cent, the enhaced value was Iron) 120 to 100 per cent. But to : pursue the theme further. In 1800 the amount of the crop was alxmt 2,300,000 bales. 300.000 more than in 1849, but which 300,000 it nearly but not quite required to supply the vacuum created by the deficit of the preceding year. Ihe result was that prices remained about the same in 1849 until the closeofthc season, when it being ascertained that the crop was a little larger than anticipated,they somewhat declined. For the present year, various estimates have been made, but from the most reliable informa tion it is believed that the crop will be a large one, and the value has in consequence greatly diminished. Now all of this goes to prove that the price of cotton depends almost altogether upon the supply ■ from this country—therefore that it is a mono poly. And while this is the case and we can eonlrarl the supply by a concert of action, it is ut : terly inqiossilile for the demand to be contracted: ■ and this because the demand coines from various ' quarters of the world, forbidding unity of action ; and liecau.se moreover, from habit, cotton goods have now become to be a necessity, to the grea ter part of the world. But it may be said that there is no power in this free government, simi lar to that of the Autocrat of Russia, which can forbid the people from cultivating cotton, as much as they please. That is true. But we can use a two edged sword. We can conveit the labor of one third of our population, by giv ing the proper stimulus and assistance from the States in their sovereign capacity, into the ma king of railroads and manufactures; which while it will improve our country in an eminent de gree, will also bring in a much greater of money from abroad, as the produce of cotton; it will raise the price of corn and provisions of every kind, to supply the wants of these laborers upon internal improvements, &<■.; in fine it will raise the price of tabor itself, anil induce many laboring men from the North to emigrate South, and consequently give us a rapid growth in popu lation, while it will greatly enhance the value of our slaves. It is a great mistake which supposes the reason of the North increas ing in population so much faster than the South, to be oil account of slavery. It is because by the system of tilings at the North, labor yields more to the band and consequently brings more in the market. Let us reverse this order of things, and the result will be a change of emigration and tide of population in the same ratio; the.still fur ther result will be, that before a great many years the bii/anre of power itself will lie transferred from the North, where it now lays, to the South, where it should belong; to preserve the constitu tion inviolate upon the subject of slavery. Having now stated as nearly and clearly as 1 a.vi able to do it, what I believe the South can do as a means, and the general results which will flow from such a course of policy; it only remains j that, according to promise and my poor capacity. | 1 should give my views as to one method at least jby which this all might lie accomplished. As I before stated, concert of action on the pait ot the cotton growing States is absolutely necessary. — j Now, can this lie effected, by the Legislature of someone of those States taking it upon itself to invite the co-operation of the Legislatures of the other States; each State appointing a committee of a few men to meet those of the other States in a Southern jieairuble Congress to consult upon the best course of action: the decision of which Con gress would no doubt be moralhj binding upon I the Legislature of every State. This ol course jis only a suggestion of my own. There are no t doubt many other ways which would be infinite ly better. But so the purpose is effected, jj, will ■ he immaterial as to tiie means by which it is . done. I In conclusion lot me observe, that lam not vain enough to suppose that what has been here : written by an obscure individual will receive ! from the public more than a passing notice, j They nrc my him convictions nevertheless, aild although it may do no good to have published them, lam satisfied it will do no injury. What is imperatively called tor upon the part of the South in these premises, is action, action, action. j We have talked and written about it long enough; and I have no doubt that it is the opinion of every informed man that some such a course of policy, as here suggested, should lie pursued; but nothing has yet been done in a regular, sys tematic manner. While it is absolutely impos sible for any thingfo be done in this behalf by indi viduals, only in a lame and impotent manner, it is the easiest thing imaginable lor the States to effect great things by acting in concert and as one mini. If we would only devote one-hall the time and talents to this subject that haie been given to disunion ami secession conventions, great results would unquestionably be obtained; and in short, if the advice of an humble individ ual is followed. instead of cutting the gordian knot of our difficulties with the North, with the sword, like the'great Alexander of ancient days, as j seems to have been contemplated, we will on ; tiie contrary remodel and wreathe it into a "bow i of promise" to last for many generations, and so ! be as a sign and light lor other nations wishing to tread the same path of liberty, fraternity and , equality. J. H.W. _ Michael Kelly. —Two commedians'haviug ! laid a wager as to which of them sang best, they j agreed to refer it to Kelly, who undertook to Ik* I arbitrator on this occasion. A day was accor- j dingly agreed on, and both the parties executed jto the best of their abilities before him. As soon as they had finished, he proceeded to give ! judgment in the following manner: "As lor you, | sir," addressing himself to the first.‘’you are the worst singer 1 ever heard in my life." “Ah." said the other exultingly, ”1 knew 1 should win my wager." ‘‘Stop sir," said the arbitrator, “1 have a word to say to you before you go, which is this, that as for you, you cannot sing at all!" We find, on a scrap in our ‘'drawer,” this pas sage from a learned lecture by a Herman adven turer in London, one “Baron Nondullbrainz.'’— He is illustrating the great glory of Mechanics, as a science. "Do ting dat is made is more su perior dan de maker. 1 shall show you how in some tings. Suppose 1 make de round wheel of de coach? Ver well; dat wheel roll five hundred mile!—and 1 cannot roll one, myself! Suppose ! 1 a.ii de cooper, what you call, and 1 make de big tub to bold de wine? lie hold tuns and gallons; and I cannot hold more as Jive bottle.'.' So you see dat de ting dat is made is more supe rior dan de maker!” Borax.— This very useful article is extensive ly manufactured in Tuscany: no less than 7.500 lbs. of boracic are produced every day. The re venue amounts to 10,000,000 francs per annum. Borax is a sub-carbonate of soda, and is much used for welding purposes, also as a wash for the hair, and as a gargle for diseased throats. Died.—William Thompson, xvho was stabbed on Sunday night last, while walking in Bryan street, died at the Hospital on Monday morning, form the effect of his wounds. He received three severe wounds, all of which were of a serious nature. —Savannah Ifeivs, 3d inst. Drowned. —As the Charleston steamer was leaving her wharf yesterday morning at 4 o'clock, a man, whose name we did not learn, accidently fell into the river from the wharf and was drowned. Those present made every effort to save him, but it was unavailing. His body was recovered and taken charge of by the Coroner.— lb. Died Suddenly.— Mr. M. L. Morrell, about 25 years of age, and a native of Maine, died from an apoplectic fit yesterday. He was one of the j Custom House Boat hands, and we are told was a worthy and good citizen.— lb. AUGUSTA, GA FRIDAY MOANING, DECEMBER 6. The Mormons in Utah. Most of our readers are aware that the popu lation of the territory of Utah, consists mostly of Mormons. These singular people excited so much ill-feeling against themselves at Kauvoo, in Illinois, that they were forced to leave the i State. They retired far into the wilderness and settled at Salt Lake, and now inhabit what is called the territory of Utah. We find in a Xew-Orleans paper a letter from a Judicial officer of the government, dated Sept. 20th, 1851, which represents the Mormons as being almost in a state ot insurrection against the government. The writer states that officers of the general government were treated with cold ness and disrespect, and that the government, itself was denounced on all occasions with great bitterness. The Governor is Brigham Young, the leader and head man among the Mormons. He was appointed Governor by Mr. Fillmore, doubtless from the consideration that it was due to the Mormons that the Governor should be one of them, and also, from the belief that Mr. Young would have a controlling influence over his peo ple. 1 he appointment was evidently a bad one ac cording to the account of this letter-writer. The Mormons arrived at the valley of the Sait Lake on the 21th of July, and, on the occasion of celebrating that event, the Orator denounced the United States bitterly, and Governor Young, said " Zachary Taylor is dead and gone to hell and I am glad of it.” Rising in his place, he further said : “I prophecy, in the name of Jesus Christ, by the power of the priesthood that is upon me, that any other President of the United States who shall lift his finger against this people will die an untimely drath and go to hell!” Mr. Fillmore will have to be careful afte that. It is stated, that in consequence of Gover nor Young s perverseness and belligerent feelings the President intends shortly to remove him. That will put Mr. Young's prophecy to the test. The officer, who is represented as the author of the letter referred to, addressed the people and I undertook to show them the unreasonableness < t the Governor’s and their hatred to the govern ment. Young arose and abused him in the most unmeasured terms, observing, “ some jieople might get their hair pulled, or their throats cut on that occasion.” I his officer and others feared the consequences of remaining there, and intended to leave in Oc tober following the aforementioned time. This certainly looks bad for the “ Latter Day Saints,” and if the representations are correct, they are not better than the Gentiles, as they term all who will not unite in their peculiar faith. It was said, in Illinois, that they were there, more sinned against than sinful. It may be so now, but we incline to the opinion that they are a fanatical, stubborn, impracticable set of people. From all accounts, they have some re deeming traits, ami a new Governor, with the presence of a lew more of our citizens, may teach them better their duty as citizens of this great republic. These Mormons are said to be polygamists.— That is enough to account for no small degree of bad temper. There's a sensible proverb to this effect : ■ I’wo cats and a mouse, two wives in one house, two dogs and a bone never agree in one.” l’oo much domestic confusion among the Mor mons may spoil their equanimity. We never shall have much hope of them as long as they are permitted to have more wives than one- Perhaps the best thing that can be done’ would be lor Mr. Fillmore to send a diplomat to the Salt Lake Valley, to report the true state of affairs, that an enlightened policy may be pur sued towards these singular people. Our Book Table. Messrs. Geo. A. Oates & Co., have favored us for the publishers, with a neat and handsomely bound octavo volume, entitled, “ Glances at Eu rope in a series of letters from Great Britain, France, Italy, Switzerland, £cc., during the sum mer of 1851. Including notices of the Great Ex hibition or Worlds Fair. By Horace Greely.’* We have had leasure to glance at only a few pages ot this work, but we doubt not it will piove interesting to American readers. Mr (freely is an able writer, and, outside of his ismsi is eminenly practical His Glances at Europe we think, will, therefore, convey much useful and practical information in reference to arts, educa tion, science, society, political economy, &c. Mr. Greely’s style ot writing is vigorous and pleas ing. We have also received, from Messrs.'Oates & Co., the " Life of General Lopez, and history of the late attempted revolution in Cuba. By a Filibuster. One may’ employ a few hours with much interest in perusing these exciting, and, in a great degree, melancholy pages. Also, “ The Wedding Dress, by Alexander Dumas.” This is described to be different in character from most of the works of Dumas, as it is a detail of the af fections, impulses and aspirations of a fond mo ther and daughter. Ot course, it has its plot, inci dents, &c.,-usual to fiction. If as is said, it is Dumas last and best, it will be read with eager ness. Also, “ Matilda Montgomerie, or the Pro phecy Fulfilled. By Major Richardson, an hor ol hcarte, Hardscrabble, See. A sequal to ’’ Wa cousta, or the Prophecy.” Those who have read the thrilling Indian Romance ’* W acousta will desire to read the " Sequel. 1 hat is doubtless equal in interest to the former. Accounts received at Cincinnati on the 29th tilt., from Independence, confirm the account of the loss ot one hundred and seventy-five mules belonging tothe government train, while en route to the States. Sixty miles beyond Council Grove, one man was frosen to death. The cause ot the sad disaster was an immense fall of sleet and rain. \\ e would call attention to the extensive j sale of choice old Wines and Liquors, advertised by Messrs. Hutchinson & Thomas, to take place; on Saturday next, at the Eagle & Phoenix Hotel. I The lovers of the “ puie and unadulterated ,” j should not lose this opportunity of increasing or keeping up their supplies. Hard indeed to please. 1 must be that taste which can find nothing in their varied catalogue, exactly suited to its “own particular nicety.” Southern Improvement—Manufacturing, Sec. Some days ago we prepared a hasty article, on the subject of manufacturing at the South, and ! other improvements, and promised to continue the subject in a few days more at length, and in detail as to statistical facts, &c. In a day or two after that, we came across an article, in the Nashville Union, so well put forth, and combin ing so many useful hints and facts, upon the very subject which we intended to enlarge upon, that we concluded to substitute that for our owu. It affords us pleasure to call attention to a corn munication of so interesting a character as that of “ A. H. W.” It is plainly and forcibly written, and com mends itself to the judgment of the reader. At a time like the present,when “winter’s wind is blowing cold,” and many a poor child of misfor tune is sutlering from the ills so beautifully de picted by the little Scotch song we publish be low, we think its publication not inappropriate. It was composed by one who was a weaver and himself had suffered from the chill of “ poortith cauld” in his childhood, and the poetry in the Scotch Idiom will he understood by most of our readers. It has a beauty and pathos about it we think rearly equalled. We are approaching a season of festively devotion to childhood, and in a few weeks will arrive a day set apart by com mon consent as the day on which the “ holy child"' was horn, and who by his holy ami lovely ex ample taught us to love little children. Surely the beautiful description below of the “ mother less child” will tend to call out our charity for those to whom Christmas is no holiday, and whose “wee hackit heelies” were perhaps never covered by that indispensable part of our apparal into which the patron saint of children is want to de posit his annual remembrances. When a' ither bairnics arc hushed to their hame, By aunty, or cousin, or freeky grand-dame. Who stands last and lonely, and sairly forfairn ’ Tis the puir dowie laddie—the mithcrlcss bairn'. The mitherlesa baimie creeps to his lone bed. None covers his cauld back, or haps his bare bead ; 1 His wee hackit heelies aro hard as the airn, An’ litlilcss tho lair of the mithcrlcss bairn. Ancath his cauld brow, siccan dreams hover there, 0’ hands that wont kindly to kaim his dark hair' But morning brings clutches, a' reekless and stern, That lo’o not tho locks of tho mithcrlcss bairn! The sister who sung o’er his softly-rocked bed, Now rests in tho dust where their mother is laid ' While tho father toils sore his woo bannock to earn, Ami knows not tho wrengs of his mithcrlcss hnirn. Her spirit that passed at the hour of his birth Still watches his lono lorn wanderings on earth, Recording in heaven tho blossings they earn, Who eouthilie real in the raitherless baiin ! Oh' Speak him not harshly—he trembles tho while, Ho bends to your bidding, and blesses your smile ; In tho dark hour of anguish tho heartless shall learn That (lod deals tho blow for tho mithcrlcss bairn. Southern Medical Sc Surgical Journal. The December No. which completes the seventh volume of this valuable Medical Monthly is on our table. The editor, Dr. L. A. Dugas, is again at his jiost, and to judge by the table of contents, this number must be one interns to the profession. The Original Communications are— Contributions to the history of Typhoid Fever. By H. R. Casey, M. D., of Appling, Georgia. Vital Statisticsof Houston County. By George F. Cooper, M. D., of Perry, Georgia A notice of Dysentery as it prevailed in Gor don and Cass counties. By J. S. VVeatherby, M. D., of Palmetto, Georgia. A case ot Double Lithotomy. By Win. J. Johnson, M. D., of Foit Gaines, Georgia. Choice Fruit Trees. As the season is approaching lor setting out Fruit Trees, we would call attention to an ad- . vertisement ol Mr. James L. Coleman, in this day’s paper. Mr. C. has been at much expense and labor in procuring the best varieties, and from the samples sent us last Summer from his orchard we can say, knowingly, that the fruit is choice. His orchard now covers over one hundred acres. The low price at which he offers his trees should be an inducement to purchasers. The London Quarterly Review, for October, has an article entitled Revolutionary Literature, in which it bitterly assails Lord John Russell's New Reform Bill, and states its belief that any extension of the suffrage, “will be a fatal and ir retrievable move down, what Monsieur |Guizot has justly characterized, as the incline of demo cracy—or in other words towards the experi- j ment of a British Republic.” An ingenious application of the steam engine j has lately been made in the imloading ot coal vessels in the Thames, by which two hundred tons can be delivered per day at the rate of twen ty tons per hour, and at a very considerable re duction of expense. These engines can be used on board of vessels for doing all sorts of heavy work, such as pumping, weighing anchor, warp ing. &c. Ihe London Times states that during the twenty-four months from January sth, 1549, to January sth, 1851, there was found in the let ters returned to the dead letter office, no less than one million and a quarter sterling 1 Os this im mense sum X 1,226,252 ISs. Id. was in the shape ot bill®, checks, notes of hand, and money orders; and in hard cash or bank notes, X 15,870 10s. Id. more. The trial of Hanaway, one of the Christiana rioters, continues to excite much interest in Philadelphia. Five witnesses were examined Saturday; their testimony went to show that the prisoners aided and abetted the negroes in their attack upon Mr. Gorsuch and his friends. The new Capitol of Tennessee will be one of the most magnificent buildings of the kind in the United States. It is built ot polished limestone rock, upon a hill, giving a most extensive view of the surrounding country. It can be got ready for the next session of the Legislature in 1853. To do so, however, an appropriation of 5200.00 is asked for from the present Legislature. The force employed on it is 240 men. In its construction $243,352 have been already expen ded. Advices [from Oregon state that the emi grants, with the exception of about 50 wagons, were all in. They were unusually healthy and in excellent spirits. The miners were reaping a fair reward, though in the Chasta Diggings noth- < ing had been done since the water gave out last i spring. i North Carolina will soon have a very large 1 and fine building at the capital of the State for the reception of the Insane. It has been liberal ly endowed by the State, the Legislature having j been incited to the good work chiefly by the ju dicious and persevering efforts of Miss Dix. Legislative Proceedings. Milledgeville, Dec. 2, 18-31. Mr. Bartow, from the Committee on Internal ! Improvements, introduced a bill for the govern ! ment and management of the Western & At* i lantic Railroad. As there is but little doubt of j its passage, perhaps with numerous amendments I and modifications, I send you a synopsis of its principal provisions in its present original shape. It empowers the Governor to appoint the principal officer, styled the Superintendant, who is to hold his office for two years, or until his successor is appointed and qualified—he is sub- I ject to removal, by the Governor, for any dis | qualifications—may be re-appointed, from term to term—will be required to give bond, with ap proved sureties, to the amount of $20,000. Some of bis duties are, to conduct the operations of the I Road, in relation to its construction, equipment ! and general management—to appoint his sub . j ordinate officers, with the consent and approval of the Governor—he shall establish rates for the | transportation of merchandise, and for the con veyance of passengers—he shall make all neees : sary arrangements with other Railroads—all contracts which he may enter into, over S , shall be subject to the approval or rejection of the Governor—he may sue and be sued, in his official character—he may impose penalties for 1 neglect of duty—he shall have as prompt settle ’ ments as possible—he will be required to make ’ quarterly reports of his transactions to the Gov ernor, who shall have them published in the newspapers of Milledgeville—his salary shall be $3,000 per annum—before he shall enter upon the performance o! his duties, he shall take and subscribe an oath, faithfully and impartially, to discharge all the duties appertaining to his office —that he will not make, nor permit to be made, any discrimination, lor or against other Rail roads, &c. The Governor is further authorised to ap]K>int a Treasurer, whose salary shall be $2,000 per an num. There shall also be an Auditor, to exam ine all accounts, with a salary of $1,500 per annum. No Agent will be permitted to allow credit for freights, nor shall any goods be re ! moved from the custody of such Agents, till the . freight shall have been paid, except in cases j where the freights have been collected by other ; Railroads. Every Conductor will be required I to settle at the end of every trip—passengers neglecting to purchase tickets at the several sta tions, from the Agents, shall be charged an extra price. Such are some of the leading provisions of this very important bill. It is ordered to be printed, but as it is uncertain when that will lie j done, I preferred supplying you with the fore going meagre abstract, in anticipation. THE IIorSE. The House resumed the consideration of the unfinished special order of last Wednesday—the bill for the pardon of G. D. Cornet. Mr. Thurmond opened the debate. He main tained that the present, is a clearer case of man* . slaughter, than that of Bishop, whom this Legis lature pardoned—that no malice can be es tablished from the testimony—did not deny that i it is a very aggravated case of manslaughter, and would rejoice if the Constitution permitted him to vote for a commutation of the sentence, to confinement in the penitentiary. He spoke ol the excitement prevailing in Madison, during the trial, and thought it quite improbable, that a j people could, at such a time, award impartial justice to a fellow creature. He said there was . no malice or deliberation in the act, inasmuch as the stabbing was immediately consequent upon a blow received from the deceased. He defined violence to be any assault upon the person, such as a slap, a pulling of the nose—the latter ho de nominated a great assault; and yet, gentlemen assert, he said, that there was no assault or bat tery in this case. Having examined the testi mony, he came to the conclusion, that the pres ent is not a case of murder, because Cornet did not go to that place with any malice or inten tion to commit any offence, but was provoked to it. by the insults and assaults of the deceased. : Mr. Russell followed, on the same side, in a long and ingenious argument, and an impassioned appeal to the mercy and sympathy of the mem j bers. Mr. Mobley succeeded, taking the same views | of the circumstances of the case, as the preceding ' speakers. He was followed by Mr. Floyd, who, as his speech indicated, strived to prove, from the ; law, and the facts of the case, that the crime charged upon the accused, cannot be less than murder. Mr. F. having concluded, Mr. Milledge moved ! for an adjournment to this afternoon. He is, i therelore, entitled to the floor, in the continua- I tion of the investigation. SENATE. The Senate employed the entire forenoon in discussing the merits of the “ Woman's Bill," as it is popularly called here. The following Sena- | tors advocated its passage, in speeches of much ■ ability: Messrs. Bethune, Calhoun, McCune. and Simmons. The following Senators, some of them at great length, and with much fervor of eloquence and sarcastic wit, opposed it: Messrs. ' Jno. L. Byrd, Harman, Mosely, Moore, and ! Slaughter. As this bill has excited a good deal of interest ! in the public mind, I send you the yeas and nays ' on it. The vote is so close, that there can be little doubt of its re-consideration. What its ultimate fate will be. we shall see : Yeas.—Messrs. Anderson. Bethune, Connelly. ; Calhoun. Day, Dickinson, Flournoy, Flewellen, Hicks, Hardeman, McCune, Reed, Stroud. Sim- j mons, Tumlin, Wolfe, Wellborn, Watters—lS. Nats.—Messrs. Bryan. Butler, Beavers, J. L. I Byrd, P. M. Byrd, Cone, Coffee, Chappell, Farris. Harris, Hannan, Knight, Little, Mosely, Moore, : Ross, Slaughter. Walt hour, Wright—l 9. Three o'clock, P. M. | house. j , Mr. Milledge took the floor, this afternoon, in i 1 favor of Cornet, and in a speech of an hour and I ' a quarter, reviewed the testimony critically, j ] taking the ground, that Cornet is guilty of no j higher oflence than manslaughter. He placed i much stress upon the fact, that the prisoners j trial, taking place so soon after the commission i ol the oflence, (within sixteen or seventeen * days,) the community were too highly exaspe- ' rated and incensed by the freshness of the cir- ! cumstances attending the crime, to do impartial justice to the prisoner. In support of the remark he alluded to a petition, signed by one hundre < and fifty citizens of Moigan, to Gov. Towns * : withhold his respite. At the conclusion of hi! argument, the question was called, and the fleik proceeded to the calling of yeas and nav, during which a solemn silence prevailed. (),. the passage of the bill, the yeas were 63 na\ s 38. : ’ Concert Hall— Theatre. This is the last night but one of Messrs. Jef ferson & Ellsler's Company in our city, and by particular request, the tragedy of Hamlet will be repeated. Philadelphia, Dec. l. The testimony given before the Court tl is afternoon in the case of Hanaway. was to the effect that a meeting had been held in the nei-di* borhood of Christiana by the Anti-Slavery ‘vxV ty last Spring, at which the Fugitive Slave Law was discussed, but the witnesses could not tell whether Hanaway was there or not John , Roberts, a negro boy. testified to seeing Jos. Scar , let, one of the white prisoners, come to his father's house about sunrise on the morning ol the mur ' der. on horseback. Scarlet told him there were • Kidnappers at Parker's house, and requested him [ to inform the colored people. Witness got a <mn , had it loaded and went to the scene of action” ’ Sam'l Hanson, a negro boy, testified to seen ' Hanaway on the battle ground (as he termed im’ ■ among the negroes. Witness was informed bv l Geo. Powal, a white man, that Kidnappers were at Parker's house. He went up there but did ’ not arrive till the fight was over. He he:.: ‘ ‘ much firing as lie approached and saw the ne. i groes armed, saw old Mr. Gorsuch lying on the r ground, but could not say whether lie was dead or not. Jacob Woods, negro, testified to seeing Ha:.a. ? way in the lane leading to Parker's house, t . ■ patently talking to officer Kline. Was told i‘y , one of the white persons named Lewis that Km'. . nappers were at Parker's house—saw and heard the firing, became frightened and ran away !,> 1 the barm The clothing of old Mr. Gorsuch.the 1 vests of Dickerson Gorsuch and Dr. Pearce w. r j brought into Court during the evidence and \y 5 all much i>erforated as though by bullets.!.,! knives. T ’ The testimony for the U. States here cIiLl Theodore Cuyler will open to-rrorrow morn, ing for the defence. Pleasing Deception.—A late French paper ‘ states, among its anecdotes, that a well, preset. - ved widow in Paris recently married a youthful r poet. After the wedding, she took him aside, and, in a penitential tone, begged his forgiveness for having deceived him in declaring that her in ’ come amounted to two thousand dollars a \eai ; “And you havn’t it?" askpd the poet—addin' . aftei a momemt, “well it's of no consequence— don’t trouble your head about such a trifle!" 1 ; But you misunderstand hip." said the bride.' 1 • only misstated the amount—it is twenty thoiis. i and!” The account states that the poet paiJon . ed her, the other way, with eqval facility. 1 | {Telegraphed for the Charleston sVnrurj.j New-Orleans, Dec. ; f j The sales of cotton to-day reached SSOO hales, , !at easier prices, without quotable change, Nli.f. I tiling Fair, 7j. Bacon has declined : Sides, 9 ! I Whisky, 19J a 20. which is a decline. Rice, t • 3|. Columbia, Dec. 3. In the Senate, thebill calling the Convention on the Ith Monday in April, was taken up, : and on the question of ordering it to a sc : i cond reading it was decided in the affirmative j —ayes .32, noes 9. The noes were Messrs. Can . I non, Dudley. Gaus, Manning, Moses, Skipper, ; Townsend, Ware. Wotherspoon. Messrs. Bttlon. : Irby and John Wilson were absent. ■ j In the House, the Joint Stock Bank bill was . ! discussed. I ! MARRIED, In Dt-Kalb county, Ga., on tin* 2Gth inst., bv John i Stewart. K.-m- Mr. JAMES M. IIUEY, to Miss HANNAH ( ARNOLD, all of D.-Kalb. | On the evening of the 27th of Nov . 1851. at tie* r**sl- I deuce of Edward Broughton, by the Rev. C. I) Malloiy, Mr. JOHN B. LONG, of Troup countv. to Miss FRAN . CES E. BROUGHTON. (Cdnunrrfifll. Augusta Market, Dec. 4, P. M. I COTTON.—There has been a fair demand to-day. an i : the market was firmer. The .steamer*.-, news is anxion ly looked for. MACON. CJa.. Dec. 3. Receipts of Cotton into Warehouses in No vember. 1850 bales... 23.254 Receipts for do., 1851 •• .. 11.962 Decrease of receipts 4 * . 11.® *2 ! Stock of Cotton 1 t Dec.. 1850,. .bales... *21.200 Decrease *• .. 3.831 Total receipts to Ist December. 1350.. .hales,. .50.22. w “ - 1851. .. - . .25.378 Decrease •• . .24,385 ! Total receipts by Macon and Western Rail Road in November, 5.825 bales, of which 5.008 were sent to Cun • t ra l Railroad, and 817 to Warehouses. Shipped by Ceu tral Railroad to Savaunah during the month. (including , through shipments.) 7.437 bales. I Sales in this market, for a few days past, have be**n generally from 6 to 7 j cents. The quotations of the New Orleans market on the 20th are. for strictlv mid dlmg 7jfa7}. Charleston, same date and quality. 7; Highest quotation. 7 *». Nov. 4.— Cotton —There was very lit** '■* enquiry for Cotton yesterday. The transactions wer* i limited to 242 bales at prices ranging from 6* to S c^nt=. A small lot of choice brought 8| cents. Prices very ir } regular, and in favor of buyers. SAY AN NAH E X PORTS. DEC. 3. For Boston, brig Frances Jane—99.443 feet Tim V-r | and 4.000 feet Lumber. JutfUtgfltff. ARRIVALS FROM CHARLBSTOX. : Ship Fortitude. Lord. Mobile. CLEARED FOR CHARLESTON*. ; Schr. Aurora S. Caruthers. at Baltimore. ; Schr. Naiad. Watts, at Baltimore. v SAILED FOR CHARLESTOX. / Schr. F. Copeland 4c Co.. Bennett, from Richmond, ''•» CHARLESTON. Dec. 4 Arr. C. L. bark Carolina, j Sherwood, from New York—3^days: Schr. Isabel’- j Gaze. Matanzas—s days: Schr. Ann Hambleton. Lin den. Baltimore; Schr. K. B. Hackburn.Thompson, Wil I mington (N. C.) I Cld. Br. ship Triton. Smith. Liverpool: ship Napoleon, ! Hunt. Boston : R. L. schr. Monterey. Curtis. Philadei'*■ j Went to Sea, steamship Osprey. Power. Philadelphia : ' ship J P Harvard. Andros. New Orleans: bark Cornelia : L Be van. Noble. Genoa: brig Palo Alto. Spencer. West j Indies: brig Gulnare, Phillips. We-t Indies: Br schr Tweed. Petty. Harbor Island. (Bah); schr Elizabeth. I Lee. New York: schr E Weaver. Brock. Philadelphia; I schr Truth. Baker. Baltimore: schr G M Robertson. Booze. Baltimore: schr Gasabeas. . a Northern port; schr J M Baylies. Baylies. Savannah. SAV ANNAH. Dec. 3.—Arrived Br. ship Samuel. Mor | ris. Liverpool, via New York. Cleared, brig Frances Jane. Alexander. Boston. M ent to Sea. brig Annandale, Sherman. Cardenas. FINE PERFUMERY. THE Ladies and Gentlemen of Augusta are in vited to call and examine a choice lot of Se lected FERFUMERY, lately received direct from the Manufacturers. Among which are some fine varieties of Cologne, and other Toilet Waters, fan cy Soaps, Hair Oils, Cosmetics, Ac., Ac., all of su- Scrior quality, and for sale low for cash, at the City •rug Store, by dec 4 WM. HAINES. THE LITERARY PROGRESS OF GEORGIA. AN ADDRESS delivered in the College Chapel at Athens, before the Society of Alumni, and at their request, on Thursday. August 7, 3851, be ing the semi-Ceutennial Anniversary of Franklin College; by Hon. Geo. R. Gilmer. Just publish* d and for sale at GEO. A. OATES A CO. S Piano, Book and Music Depot. Broad-st. dec 4